中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
复合句导学案
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫作宾语从句(Object Clause)。它是名词性从句的一种，在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、时态和语序。
易错点一：宾语从句的引导词
（2021青岛）﹣﹣﹣I wonder _______.
﹣﹣﹣Why not？
A．that you'd like to come with us
B．whether you'd like to come with us
C．when would you like to come with us
D．how would you like to come with us
【详解】句意：﹣﹣我想知道你是否愿意和我们一起去。
﹣﹣﹣为什么不呢？
宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除CD。再结合wonder，可知宾语从句含有疑问的语气，使用whether。
故选：B
知识点再现
从句 引导词 例子
陈述句 引导词用that, 常省略 He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.
一般疑问句 引导词whether/if, 意为“是否”。在whether…or not 结构中不能用if 替换 I don’t know if/whether there will be a bus. I don’t know whether they will come or not.
特殊疑问句 常用what, when, where, which, who, how等特殊疑问词作引导词 He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.
易错点二：宾语从句的时态和语序
（2021西藏）﹣I don't know .
﹣At 3：00 p.m.yesterday.
A．when the video meeting finished
B．when did the video meeting finish
C．where the video meeting finished
D．where did the video meeting finish
【详解】空处应填宾语从句，要用陈述语序；根据答语"昨天下午三点"，用when。
故选：A。
知识点再现
1.时态
主 句 从 句 例 句
现在时、将来时、祈使句 从句时态随句意 Can you tell us who has gone？
过去时 从句用过去的某个时态 He asked if I had finished my work.
若从句表示客观事实或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时 I knew that light travels faster than sound.
宾语从句时态记忆口诀：主现从随便，主过从必过，真理规律永一现
2.语序
宾语从句用陈述句语序，即 “连接词+主语+谓语+其它”,从句中不含助动词do/does/did。例如：
I don’t know where he lives .
↓ ↓ ↓
连接词 主语 谓语
注意：①What’s wrong with… 在宾语从句中语序不变。例如：
She wants to know what’s wrong with her mother.
②引导词在从句中作主语，语序不变。例如：
Jane asked who would give us a speech this evening.
（who是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词give的主语，本身已是陈述句语序，不用变）
3.宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider , expect, guess等时，从句的否定词要转移到主句上。例如：I don’t think he will come to my party.
而不能说成：I think he won’t come to my party.
易错点三：宾语从句的简化
主句 从句 例子
宾语从句与简单句的转换 think, make, find等引导的宾语从句，可转换为简单句，即“think/make/find+宾语+宾补结构” His mother found that he was a clever boy. = His mother found him a clever boy .
有连接代词who, what, which或连接副词when, why, how, where等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问句+不定式”结构 After she returned home, she kept thinking about what to do to help those kids. = After she returned home, she kept thinking about what she can do to help those kids.
定语从句
定语从句定语从句是在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词充当先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词，常见的关系代词有that, which, who, whom,whose等。关系代词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又充当定语从句中的一个句子成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
易错点四：关系词的基本用法
（2021西藏）We'll never forget the heroes bring people hope in difficult times.
A．Which B．whom C．whose D．who
【详解】根据题干可知该句是定语从句，先行词是heroes，则此处应用关系代词who。
故选：D。
（2021滨州）In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A ． who B ． that C ． whom D ． what
【详解】句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。
考查定语从句关系词。根据 “of all the books, this is the only one” 可知先行词 the only one 指物，先行词用 the only 修饰时，只能用 that 引导限制性定语从句。故选 B 。
知识点再现
关系代词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
who 人 主语；宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother？ 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但当直接放于介词后作介词宾语时，则不可省略，且此时不能用that。
whom 人 宾语 Mr.Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose 人/物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但当直接放于介词后作介词宾语时，则不可省略，且此时不能用that。
which 物 主语；宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible. 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但当直接放于介词后作介词宾语时，则不可省略，且此时不能用that。
that 人/物 主语；宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop singer (that) I want to see very much.
关系副词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
when 时间 时间状语 Could you tell me the time when we will leave？ —
why 原因 原因状语 Do you know the reason why she was angry？
where 地点 地点状语 This is the place where I live.
易错点五：关系词的特殊用法
（2021毕节）Great changes have taken place here. Everything ________ comes into my eyes is so new to me.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
【详解】句意：这里发生了巨大的变化。我眼中的一切对我来说都是如此新鲜。
本题考查定语从句。先行词everything为不定代词，用that引导定语从句，不可以用which，故选A。
知识点再现
情况 用法说明 例 句
只用that的情况 ①先行词为all，everything，anything，something，none，nothing，little，much等不定代词时。②先行词前面有only，any，no，the only，the very，the last等修饰时。③形容词最高级或序数词修饰先行词时。④先行词既有人又有物时。⑤当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 ①He told me everything that he knew.②He is the only man that I want to see.③This is the best film that I have ever seen.④We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.⑤Who is the man that is standing over there？Which of us that knows something about physics doesn't know this？
情况 用法说明 例 句
只用which的情况 ①关系代词放在介词后。②非限制性定语从句中。③that，those作主语时。 ①This is the factory in which I once worked.②He is an outgoing boy，which makes him have many friends.③Those which are on the desk are English books.
情况 用法说明 例 句
用who不用that的情况 ①当先行词为people和those时。②当先行词为one，ones，anyone，everyone，none，all(指人)时。③先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时。 ①People who want to know more information can check our company's website.②Anyone who has a talent for music can take part in the contest.③The woman who won the first prize was being interviewed by the local media.
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易错点归纳与突破
--复合句
2022中考英语
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫作宾语从句(Object Clause)。它是名词性从句的一种，在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、时态和语序。
宾语从句的引导词
易错点一：
（2021青岛）﹣﹣﹣I wonder _______.
﹣﹣﹣Why not？
A．that you'd like to come with us
B．whether you'd like to come with us
C．when would you like to come with us
D．how would you like to come with us
【详解】句意：﹣﹣我想知道你是否愿意和我们一起去。
﹣﹣﹣为什么不呢？
宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除CD。再结合wonder，可知宾语从句含有疑问的语气，使用whether。
故选：B
从句 引导词 例子
陈述句 引导词用that, 常省略 He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.
一般疑问句 引导词whether/if, 意为“是否”。在whether…or not 结构中不能用if 替换 I don’t know if/whether there will be a bus.
I don’t know whether they will come or not.
特殊疑问句 常用what, when, where, which, who, how等特殊疑问词作引导词 He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.
知识点再现
宾语从句的时态和语序
易错点二：
（2021西藏）﹣I don't know .
﹣At 3：00 p.m.yesterday.
A．when the video meeting finished
B．when did the video meeting finish
C．where the video meeting finished
D．where did the video meeting finish
【详解】空处应填宾语从句，要用陈述语序；根据答语"昨天下午三点"，用when。
故选：A。
1.时态
主 句 从 句 例 句
现在时、将来时、祈使句 从句时态随句意 Can you tell us who has gone？
过去时 从句用过去的某个时态 He asked if I had finished my work.
若从句表示客观事实或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时 I knew that light travels faster than sound.
宾语从句时态记忆口诀：主现从随便，主过从必过，真理规律永一现 知识点再现
2.语序
宾语从句用陈述句语序，即 “连接词+主语+谓语+其它”,从句中不含助动词do/does/did。例如：
I don’t know where he lives .
↓ ↓ ↓
连接词 主语 谓语
注意：①What’s wrong with… 在宾语从句中语序不变。例如：
She wants to know what’s wrong with her mother.
②引导词在从句中作主语，语序不变。例如：
Jane asked who would give us a speech this evening.
（who是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词give的主语，本
身已是陈述句语序，不用变）
3.宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider , expect, guess等时，从句的否定词要转移到主句上。例如：I don’t think he will come to my party.
而不能说成：I think he won’t come to my party.
宾语从句的简化
易错点三：
主句 从句 例子
宾语从句与简单句的转换 think, make, find等引导的宾语从句，可转换为简单句，即“think/make/find+宾语+宾补结构” His mother found that he was a clever boy. = His mother found him a clever boy .
有连接代词who, what, which或连接副词when, why, how, where等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问句+不定式”结构 After she returned home, she kept thinking about what to do to help those kids. = After she returned home, she kept thinking about what she can do to help those kids.
定语从句
定语从句定语从句是在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词充当先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词，常见的关系代词有that, which, who, whom,whose
等。关系代词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又充当定语从句中的一个句子成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词的基本用法
易错点四：
（2021西藏）We'll never forget the heroes bring people hope in difficult times.
A．Which B．whom C．whose D．who
【详解】根据题干可知该句是定语从句，先行词是heroes，则此处应用关系代词who。
故选：D。
（2021滨州）In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A ． who B ． that C ． whom D ． what
【详解】句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。
考查定语从句关系词。根据 “of all the books, this is the only one” 可知先行词 the only one 指物，先行词用 the only 修饰时，只能用 that 引导限制性定语从句。故选 B 。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代词 who 人 主语；宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother？ 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但当直接放于介词后作介词宾语时，则不可省略，且此时不能用that。
whom 人 宾语 Mr.Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. 知识点再现
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代词 whose 人/物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但当直接放于介词后作介词宾语时，则不可省略，且此时不能用that。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代词 which 物 主语；宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但当直接放于介词后作介词宾语时，则不可省略，且此时不能用that。
that 人/物 主语；宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop singer (that) I want to see very much. 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 Could you tell me the time when we will leave？ —
why 原因 原因状语 Do you know the reason why she was angry？ where 地点 地点状语 This is the place where I live. 关系词的特殊用法
易错点五：
（2021毕节）Great changes have taken place here. Everything ________ comes into my eyes is so new to me.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
【详解】句意：这里发生了巨大的变化。我眼中的一切对我来说都是如此新鲜。
本题考查定语从句。先行词everything为不定代词，用that引导定语从句，不可以用which，故选A。
情况 用法说明 例 句
只用that的情况 ①先行词为all，everything，anything，something，none，nothing，little，much等不定代词时。②先行词前面有only，any，no，the only，the very，the last等修饰时。③形容词最高级或序数词修饰先行词时。④先行词既有人又有物时。⑤当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 ①He told me everything that he knew.
②He is the only man that I want to see.
③This is the best film that I have ever seen.
④We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
⑤Who is the man that is standing over there？Which of us that knows something about physics doesn't know this？
知识点再现
情况 用法说明 例 句
只用which的情况 ①关系代词放在介词后。②非限制性定语从句中。③that，those作主语时。 ①This is the factory in which I once worked.
②He is an outgoing boy，which makes him have many friends.
③Those which are on the desk are English books.
情况 用法说明 例 句
用who不用that的情况 ①当先行词为people和those时。②当先行词为one，ones，anyone，everyone，none，all(指人)时。③先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时。 ①People who want to know more information can check our company's website.
②Anyone who has a talent for music can take part in the contest.
③The woman who won the first prize was being interviewed by the local media.
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复合句专项练习
宾语从句
1．（2021海南）— John, I wonder ______.
— My teachers. It’s impossible for me to get such great success without their help.
A．why you work so hard
B．what you have achieved
C．who you want to thank most
2．（2021重庆）—I’m excited about Huawei’s new smartphones. Do you know _____
—Next month.
A．how can I get one B．when will they come out
C．how I can get one D．when they will come out
3．（2021连云港）Tomorrow is Earth Day. Let’s discuss _____.
A．when shall we give out the leaflets B．what we can do to recycle things
C．how should we save more energy D．whether can we make our city greener
4．（2021扬州）—By the way, could you tell us _____
—From the Internet.
A．why are you interested in our company
B．why you are interested in our company
C．where did you hear about our company
D．where you heard about our company
5．（2021北京）—Could you please tell me ______
—Next Thursday morning.
A．when we visited the Capital Museum B．when did we visit the Capital Museum
C．when we will visit the Capital Museum D．when will we visit the Capital Museum
6．（2021铜仁）—Miss Liu, can you tell me ______
—We get together to enjoy the moon and eat moon cakes.
A．why do you like the Chinese New Year best
B．how do you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
C．how Chinese people celebrate the Chinese New Year
D．what Chinese people do on the Mid-Autumn Festival
7．（2021黔东南）—Could you tell me ______
—Sure. On March 18, 2021.
A．how the meeting between China and America will be held
B．where the meeting between China and America was held
C．when the meeting between China and America was held
D．why was the meeting between China and America held
8．（2021黄冈）— I think it’s difficult to write the book report in two days. I really don’t know ______.
— Plan your time properly, and you can make it.
A．why I have to do it B．when will I finish it C．how I can do it D．if can I finish it
9．（2021襄阳）—Could you tell me ______
—Yes. We are going to visit the red boat on South Lake in Jiaxing next week.
A．why we’ll celebrate our Party’s 100th birthday
B．how we’ll celebrate our Party’s 100th birthday
C．when will we celebrate our Party’s 100th birthday
D．where will we celebrate our Party’s 100th birthday
10．（2021凉山）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ______
—There is a bookstore on the third floor. You can buy it there.
A．when I can buy the book Harry Potter B．how I can get to the bookstore
C．if there’s a bookstore near here D．where I can buy the book Harry Potter
11．（2021盐城）— Jim is planning a trip to Shanghai this weekend, but still doesn’t decide_____.
—Why not take the high-speed railway It’s fast and comfortable.
A．who will he visit B．what he will do
C．how he’s going there D．whom is he going with
12．（2021山西）— China’s women’s soccer team beat Team South Korea on April 13th. I wonder _____.
— They never gave up and fought the last minute in the game.
A．how they won the game B．why they played the game C．where they played the game
13．（2021宿迁）—Sam, can you tell me ______
—She is a nurse.
A．what Alice’s job is B．what is Alice’s job
C．what Alice’s job was D．what was Alice’s job
14．（2021临沂）— Excuse me, could you tell me ______
— Sure. You can take the No. 2 bus from here and get off in front of the cinema.
A．when Sun Cinema closes today
B．how I can get to Sun Cinema
C．how can I get to Sun Cinema
15．（2021贵港）—Could you tell me ______
—Yes. The famous volleyball coach Lang Ping.
A．who do you admire B．who you admire
C．what sports do you like D．what sports you like
16．（2021百色）Could you please tell me ______ I want to borrow some books.
A．where is the library B．where the library is
C．where was the library D．where the library was
17．（2021广西）—Do you know ______
—Yes. On May 15th, 2021.
A．why Tianwen 1 was sent into space B．when Tianwen 1 landed on the red planet
C．what Tianwen 1 was named after D．how long Tianwen 1 has worked there
18．（2021大连）—Daming, do you know ______
—The strange shapes of its tall rocks.
A．how large Zhangjiajie is B．what is Zhangjiajie famous for
C．how large is Zhangjiajie D．what Zhangjiajie is famous for
19．（2021菏泽）—Could you please show me _____
—Sure. First of all you’d better make sure you’ve got everything you need.
A．how can I make a Chinese lantern
B．how I can make a Chinese lantern
C．how could I make a Chinese lantern
20．（2021乐山）一Did you notice _____ in his office
一Yes, he was going over our homework.
A．how Mr. Li was doing B．what is Mr. Li doing C．what Mr. Li was doing
21．（2021湘潭）—Hi, Jeff. Could you please tell me _____ on Dragon Boat Festival
—I ate zongzi and watched the boat races.
A．what did you do B．what do you do C．what you did
22．（2021梧州）— Sandy, could you tell me ______ the beautiful hair clip
— Oh, I bought it in a shop near the school.
A．where you will buy B．where will you buy
C．where did you buy D．where you bought
23．（2021广元）Hi, Peter. I’ve taken some photos of Shanghai and you can see ______.
A．what it looks like B．how does it look like
C．how it looks like D．what does it look like
24．（2021营口）—Are you looking forward to the picnic tomorrow I’m wondering ______.
—Let’s make it at half past 6.
A．where will we have a picnic
B．what we will do and see
C．how will we climb up the mountain
D．when we will meet at the school gate
25．（2021桂林）The doctor wanted to know ______ this morning.
A．what did you have
B．what you had
C．what you have
定语从句
1．（2021岳阳）All of the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian _____.
A．that they can sing along with
B．which can they sing along with
C．who they can sing along with
2．（202十堰）This is the first birthday gift ______ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
3．（2021福建）We all miss Wu Mengchao ______ saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A．which B．what C．who
4．（2021绥化）I like smart clothes ______ are made of silk.
A．who B．which C．what
5．（2021铜仁）—Do you know the boy ______ hand writing won the first in the competition
—Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
6．（2021黔东南）On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ______ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.
A．who B．whose C．which D．what
7．（2021黄冈）— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ______ need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
8．（2021滨州）In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A．who B．that C．whom D．what
9．（2021大庆）I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ______ served the community.
A．which B．who C．where D．when
10．（2021贵阳）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _____ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A．who B．which C．whose
11．（2021营口）I’ll never forget the place ______ we visited together last year.
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
12．（202鄂州）—Yuan Longping is a hero ______ is known for developing hybrid rice（杂交水稻）.
—Yes. He is a great man.
A．which B．whom C．what D．that
答案
宾语从句
1-5 CDBDC 6-10 DCCBD 11-15 CAABB 16-20 BBDBC 21-25 CDADB
定语从句
1-5 ABCBB 6-10 CDBBB 11-12 AD
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