UNIT 1 ART
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元学习初步了解各种艺术形式和风格，了解各时代代表性画家以及他们的作品，培养对艺术的兴趣。
语言能力目标 核心单词 precisely, realistic, primitive, dimension, influential, reputation, noble, rank, purchase, client, emerge, subjective, subsequent, fond, sculpture, visual, pond, investment, bride, permanent, memorial, humble, criticise, representative, symphony, decline, exhibition, vase, entry, civil, recognition, expansion, guarante, contemporary, worthy
重点词块 in particular, set apart from, be fond of, fine art, bring. . . to life, be worthy of
单元语法 动词不定式（短语）作表语
写作能力 根据本单元所学知识能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的艺术展览通知。
背景导学
It’s OK to say you’ve never heard of Grime-unless yon’re from the UK. That’s because this music was invented in the UK in the early 2000s.
To someone who’s not familiar with underground music culture, it’s easy to get confused between hip hop and Grime since they are both noisy. And many people didn’t bother to tell them apart, until earlier this month when Grime stars like Stormzy and J Hus led this year’s MOBO Awards—“Music of Black Origin”—an award in the UK.
Just like UK electronic music and hip hop, from which Grime drew influence, it mostly reflects the thoughts of young people. But different from hip hop, Grime singers sing in dialect with strong accents, giving a special flavor to their songs.
Lady Leshurr, known as the “Grime Queen”, said that she once tried to hide her accent, as she didn’t want people to judge her. But one day, she realized that she didn’t need to change herself just to please others. And there’s no doubt that this is the most basic and important quality of Grime music: be yourself.
Also different from the hip hop culture, which usually focuses on being rich, Grime singers pay more attention to social phenomena like the European refugee problem and the gap between the rich and the poor.
Although still quite young, Grime seems to be getting favored by more and more people. In 2016, the English Grime musician Skepta won the Mercury Prize with his album Konnichiwa, beating big names like David Bowie and Radiohead. However, whether Grime is one day accepted by the mainstream music world or not, one thing is for sure: in Grime, singers always stay true to themselves.
1.What do hip hop and Grime music have in common
A. They are originated in the UK.B. They make a lot of loud noise.
C. They challenge traditional cultures.D. They are full of creative ideas.
答案：B
2.What can be learnt about Grime singers
A. They care too much about themselves.B. They refuse to be judged by others.
C. They tend to take social responsibilities.D. They show strong independent qualities.
答案：B
3.What does Skepta’s success suggest
A. Grime is gradually getting recognized.B. Singers should try to be themselves.
C. Grime has become mainstream music.D. It is easy to win the Mercury Prize.
答案：A
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is Western art It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. The Middle Ages （from the 5th to the 15th century） During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone （1267-1337）. While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. The Renaissance （from the 14th to the 17th century） New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio （1401-1428）. Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci （1452-1519）, Michelangelo （1475-1564）, and Raphael （1483-1520） built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt （1606-1669）, who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. Impressionism （late 19th to early 20th century） The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet （1840-1926） called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene-the subjective impression the scene gave him-but not a detailed record of the scene itself. While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir （1841-1919）, focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir’s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well. Modern Art （from the 20th century to today） After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next ” Painters such as Picasso （1881-1973） tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ” 教材译文 西方绘画简史 什么是西方艺术？很难给出一个准确的定义。由于西方艺术的风格迥异，用一篇简短的文章把它们都描述出来是不可能的。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展历程。 中世纪（5至15世纪） 在中世纪，西方艺术旨在向人们宣传有关基督教的知识。因此，艺术家们对描绘写实的场景并不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为原始且二维化，主体人物往往被塑造得比其他人大很多，以此来彰显他们的重要性。13世纪, 随着乔托·迪·邦多纳（1267—1337）的出现，这种情况开始发生变化。虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。他的绘画作品尤其因逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而有别于其他绘画作品。 文艺复兴时期（14至17世纪） 新的观念和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的旧观念和价值观。因此，画家们对宗教题材的关注变少了。他们开始对生活采取更具人文主义的态度。这一时期的一个重要突破就是马萨乔（1401—1428）对透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（1452—1519）、米开朗基罗（1475—1564）和拉斐尔（1483—1520）, 在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出了欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。因其深邃的色彩和现实主义风格，一些最好的油画看起来宛如照片。尽管早在达·芬奇时期，画家们就已经开始使用油彩绘画了，但这种技艺被伦勃朗（1606—1669）运用到了极致，他被誉为“光影大师”。 在题材上，重心逐渐从宗教主题转移到了我们周围的人和世界上。国王、贵族和地位很高的人都想购买自己和他们所爱之人的写实画像。还有人则想要能够描绘重要的历史事件或神话故事的画作。最后，大多数客户都想要看起来漂亮且有趣的画作。 印象派（19世纪末至20世纪初） 西方艺术的发展开始放缓，直到19世纪中叶摄影术的发明。在那之后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌了。因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。印象派由此在法国兴起。这一新运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈（1840—1926）名为《日出·印象》的画作。在这幅作品中，莫奈试图表达场景中的光线和变化，这是场景给他的主观印象，而不是对场景本身的详细记录。 虽然许多印象派画家描绘的是自然或日常生活的场景，但是其他人，如雷诺阿（1841—1919），则专注于（描绘）人。与那个时期冷色调的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的绘画充满了光影和色彩，极具生命力。他在展现他笔下人物的外在形象之余，也力图呈现他们内在的温暖和人性。 现代艺术（20世纪至今） 继印象派之后，后来的艺术家们开始问：“我们接下来该做什么呢？”以毕加索（1881—1973）为代表的画家们试图用一种新方法——立体主义——分析自然界中存在的各种形状。另一些画家则赋予了他们的画作一种现实但梦幻般的质感。还有一些人转向了抽象艺术。他们不再致力于展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. precise /pr 'sa s/adj. 准确的；精确的→ precisely /pr 'sa sli/adv. 准确地；精确地；的确如此
2. realistic / ri: 'l st k/adj. 现实的；逼真的→ realism /'ri: l z m/n. 逼真；现实主义；务实作风→ realist /'ri: l st/n. 现实主义艺术家（或作家等）；现实主义者→ real /'ri: l/adj. 真实的；真的→ reality /ri’ l ti/n. 现实
3. humanistic /, hju: m 'n st k/adj.人文主义的→ humanity /hju:'m n ti/n. 人性；人道；（统称）人类→ human /hju: m n/n. 人，人类
4. influential /, nflu’en l/adj. 有很大影响力的；有支配力的→ influence /, nflu ns/n.影响（力）；作用
5. photography /f 't gr fi/n. 照相术；摄影→ photograph /, f t grɑ: f/n. 照片v.拍照→ photographer /f 't gr f ( r )/n. 摄影师
6. emerge / 'm : d /vi. & vt. 出现；浮现；暴露→ emergent / 'm : d nt/adj.处于发展初期的；新兴的
7. sculpture /'sk lpt ( r )/n. 雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术→ sculptor /'sk lpt( r )/n. 雕刻家；雕塑家
8. visual /'v u l/adj. 视觉的；视力的→ visually /'v u l /adv. 外观上；表面上→ vision /'v n/n. 视力；视野
9. arch /ɑ: t /vt. & vi. 呈弧形横跨；（使）成弓形 n. 拱；拱门；拱形物→ arched /ɑ: t t/adj. 拱形的；弓形的
10. investment / n’vestm nt/n. 投资额；投资；（时间、精力的）投入→ invest / n’vest/ v. 投资；投入（时间、精力等）
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
2.as a result 结果
3.concentrate on 集中注意力于……
4.build on 以……为基础
5.focus on 集中于……
6.turn to 转向；向……求助
7.尤其；特别 in particular
8.对……的态度 an attitude to/towards
9.赢得声誉 gain a reputation
10.也；又；还 as well
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 It is+adj.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
教材原句 It is hard to give a precise definition. 很难给出一个准确的定义。
中文例句 带礼物去参加乔迁派对是传统。
句式仿写 It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
2.
句型公式 what 引导名词性从句
教材原句 After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. 在那之后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌了。
中文例句 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
句式仿写 What we can’t get seems better than what we own.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1.Reading for the main idea.
What’s the main idea of the text
A.Characteristics of Western painting.
B.A brief history of the development of Western painting.
C.Some representatives of Western painting.
D.Four different art styles.
答案：B
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the following blanks with proper words.
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Age Characteristics Artists
The Midle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) ●religious themes ●1. primitive ●two-dimensional ●the main characters weremuch 2. larger than everyone else ●a more Giotto di Bondone
The Renaisance (from the 14th to the 17th century) 3. humanistic atitude to life ●the use of 4. perspective ●the use of oil paints ●emphasize 5. people and the 6. world aroundus 7. Masacio ; Leonardo da Vinci; Michelangelo; Raphael; 8. Rembrandt
Impresionism (late 19th to 9. early20th -century ) ●convey the 10. light and 11. movement in the scene ●paint scenes of 12. nature or 13. daily life ●some painters focus on 14. people 15. Claude Monet ; Renoir
16. Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) ●analyse the shapes in a new way ●a realistic but 17. dream-like quality ●some turned to 18. abstract art Picaso
Reading for the details.
1.What is the purpose of Western art during the Middle Ages
A.Painting realistic scenes.
B.Teaching people about Christianity.
C.Showing real people in a real environment.
D.Showing a deep emotional impact.
答案： B
2.Which of the following artists doesn’t belong to the Renaissance
A.Masaccio.B.Leonardo da Vinci.
C.Raphael.D.Claude Monet.
答案： D
3.What caused the emergence of Impressionism
A.The invention of photography.
B.The slow development of Western art.
C.People’s love for nature.
D.The artists’ love for themselves.
答案： A
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A.The paintings of Giotto di Bondone are representative of The Renaissance.
B.Artists in the Middle Ages began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.
C.Impression， Sunrise was created by Renoir.
D.Modern artists are not sure about the future of art.
答案：D
5.From which is the passage probably taken
A.A storybook.B.A science magazine.
C.An art magazine.D.A business report.
答案：C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
【译文】也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展历程。
解析：【分析】本句是一个主系表结构，其中第一个动词不定式短语to understand Western art作后置定语，修饰way；第二个不定式短语to look at the development of Western painting作表语。
2. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil ， this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669)， who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light .
【译文】尽管早在达·芬奇时期，画家们就已经开始使用油彩绘画了，但这种技艺被伦勃朗(1606—1669)运用到了极致，他被誉为“光影大师”。
解析：【分析】本句是一个主从复合句，主句为this technique reached its height with Rembrandt，其中While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil为while引导的让步状语从句，who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Rembrandt。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.During the development of Western art, how many periods are mentioned in the text
Four periods of Western art are mentioned in the text.
2.What did painters mainly paint during the Middle Ages
They mainly painted things of religious themes.
3.What are the characteristics of the paintings during the Middle Ages
The paintings are primitive and two-dimensional.
4.What are the two innovations during the Renaissance
They are the use of perspective and oil paints.
5.What subject did painters mainly pay attention to during the Renaissance
The painters mainly paid attention to people and the world around us.
6.What painting is the representative of Impressionism
Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet is the representative of Impressionism.
7.After Impressionism, what did artists do
They began to seek new ways.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1.使用句型转换方式改写第1句。(There be…)
There are four periods of Western art mentioned in the text.
2.使用词汇替换方式改写第2句。(relate to)
During the Middle Ages, painters mainly painted things related to religion.
3.使用定语从句合并第2、3句。
During the Middle Ages, painters mainly painted things related to religion, whose works are primitive and two-dimensional.
4.使用词汇替换方式改写第5句。(focus on)
The painters mainly focused on people and the world around us.
5.使用句型转换方式改写第6句。(非谓语动词作后置定语)
The representative of Impressionism is the painting called Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
There are four periods of Western art mentioned in the text. During the Middle Ages, painters mainly painted things related to religion, whose works are primitive and two-dimensional. Next is the Renaissance, when painters used perspective and oil paints, focusing on people and the world around us. Then emerged Impressionism. The representative of this period is the painting called Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet. After Impressionism, artists began to seek new ways. This period is called Modern Art.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. in particular 尤其；特别；格外
In particular， his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 他的绘画作品尤其因逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而有别于其他绘画作品。（教材P2）
典例翻译
①He loves reading， science fiction in particular. = He loves reading，especially/particularly science fiction.
他喜欢阅读，尤其是科幻小说。
②In this particular case， no one else was involved.
在这个特定案例中，没有其他人牵涉其中。
③As we all know， the British are rather particular about table manners.
众所周知，英国人对餐桌礼仪相当讲究。
④We are particularly grateful to him for his timely help.
我们特别感谢他的及时帮助。
归纳拓展
（1）particular adj.特定的；特别的；挑剔的
对……讲究/挑剔 be particular about
（2） particularly adv.尤其；特别；格外（相当于in particular）
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①（2019浙江）What’s particularly （particular） interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.
②Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular.
（2）单句写作
③这位设计师在用色上非常讲究。
The designer is very particular about the colours he uses.
2. set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于
In particular， his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 他的绘画作品尤其因逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而有别于其他绘画作品。（教材P2）
典例翻译
①Man’s ability to reason sets him apart from other animals.
人的思考能力使其有别于其他动物。
②In legend， people set off firecrackers to scare the monster “Nian” away.
传说，人们放鞭炮是为了吓跑年兽。
③He is used to setting down his important thoughts in his diary.
他习惯了把他的重要想法写在日记里。
④Encouraged by the government， many cities set up wind farms on their land.
在政府的鼓励下，许多城市在它们的土地上建立了风力发电场。
归纳拓展
（1）出发；动身；使爆炸 set off
（2）留出；忽视；不顾 set aside
（3）着手；开始（后跟doing sth.） set about
（4）（怀着目标）开始工作（后跟to do sth.） set out
（5）写下；记下 set down
（6）建立；安排；搭建 set up
学以致用
（1）用set的相关短语填空
①（2019北京）Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur （创业者）， who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.
② Set aside some time each day to practice speaking English， even if it is only five minutes.
（2）句式转换
③Armed with the information you have gathered， you can set about preparing your business plan.
= Armed with the information you have gathered， you can set out to prepare for your business plan.
3. as a result结果；因此
As a result， painters concentrated less on religious themes. 因此，画家们对宗教题材的关注变少了。（教材P2）
典例翻译
①I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help. As a result， I have made progress in my study.
我经常向我的同班同学或老师求助。因此，我在自己的学习上取得了进步。
②Her hair started falling out as a result of the sudden disease.
由于这场突如其来的疾病，她开始掉头发。
③Lack of safety education resulted in the two boys’ drowning.
安全教育的缺失导致了这两个男孩的溺亡。
④The terrible accident resulted from a driver’s drunk driving.
那起可怕的事故是由一个司机酒驾引起的。
归纳拓展
（1）因为；由于 as a result of
（2）结果为；导致 result in
（3）由于；源自 result from
易错辨析
as a result “因此；结果”，是介词短语，常作状语，使用时其前常有一个表示原因的句子
as a result “因此；结果”，是介词短语，常作状语，使用时其前常有一个表示原因的句子
as a result of “因为；由于”，是介词短语，后面接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The sports meeting has to be put off as a result of the terrible weather.
（2）句型转换
②He was too careless. As a result， he failed the English test.
→He failed the test as a result of his carelessness.
→His carelessness resulted in his failure in the English test.
→His failure in the English test resulted from his carelessness.
4. influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci （1452-1519）， Michelangelo （1475-1564）， and Raphael （1483-1520） built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（1452—1519）、米开朗基罗（1475—1564）和拉斐尔（1483—1520），在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出了欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。（教材P2）
典例翻译
①The board of directors are influential in deciding whether to carry out the new project.
董事会成员左右着是否要进行这个新项目。
②His writings have influenced the lives of millions.
他的作品影响了数百万人。
③You may have experienced something called test anxiety， which can have a negative influence on your performance.
你可能经历过一种叫做考试焦虑的东西，它会对你的表现产生负面影响。
归纳拓展
（1）对（做）某事颇有影响 be influential in （doing） sth.
（2）influence v.影响；对……起作用n.影响；作用；支配力；影响力
对……有影响 have an influence on/upon…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①（2020浙江1月）A key skill set for success is persistence（毅力）， a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced （influence） by fathers.
②（2019天津）It is advisable that you present some works of the most influential （influence） artists and have a brief review of how Western painting has developed into what it is today.
（2）单句写作
③梵高（Van Gogh）对于现代绘画的发展有着重大影响。（have an influence on）
Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting.
5. reputation n.名誉；名声While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil， this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669)， who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. 尽管早在达·芬奇时期，画家们就已经开始使用油彩绘画了，但这种技艺被伦勃朗(1606—1669)运用到了极致，他被誉为“光影大师”。(教材P2)
典例翻译
①Burns had/enjoyed a reputation for being funny and pleasant to be around.
伯恩斯以为人风趣幽默、平易近人而著称。
②The law firm has an excellent reputation.
这家律师事务所声誉卓著。
③He is a well-respected teacher and what he has done for the kids has won him a good reputation.
他是一位受人尊敬的老师，他为孩子们所做的一切为他赢得了良好的声誉。
④If you frequently break your promises， you will destroy/ruin your reputation and people won’t trust you anymore.
如果你经常食言，就会损毁你的名誉，人们将不会再相信你。
归纳拓展
（1）以……而闻名 have/enjoy a reputation for…
（2）有美名/恶名 have a good/bad/excellent reputation
（3）赢得好名声 win/earn/gain a good reputation
（4）败坏/毁掉某人的声誉 destroy/ruin one’s reputation
（5）名副其实live up to one’s reputation
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.
（2）完成句子
②孙悟空是《西游记》中的人物之一，在读者中享有良好的声誉。
Sun Wukong， one of the characters in Journey to the West， has a good reputation among readers.
③这家餐厅的服务果然名不虚传，我们得到了很好的服务。
The service at this restaurant lived up to its reputation ， and we were well served.
6. purchase vt.购买; 采购n.购买; 购买的东西
Kings， nobles， and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. 国王、贵族和地位很高的人都想购买自己和他们所爱之人的写实画像。(教材P2)
典例翻译
①Customers who pay by credit card can purchase tickets from the website at a low discount.
用信用卡付钱的顾客可以以低折扣从该网站购票。
②She likes comparing prices before she makes a purchase.
她喜欢比较价格后才购买东西。
归纳拓展
（1）从……购买…… purchase…from… （2）采购 make a purchase
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Now， even cars can be purchased (purchase) on the Internet with just a few clicks of a mouse.
②You can purchase the equipment from the local supplier.
（2）单句写作
③老师们建议学校应该购买更多的电脑来满足学生的需求。
Teachers suggested that the school should purchase more computers to satisfy students’ needs.
④本周他将和他的父母一起去超市采购。
This week he is going to make a purchase in the supermarket with his parents.
7. emerge vi.&vt.出现; 浮现; 暴露
From this， Impressionism emerged in France. 印象派由此在法国兴起。(教材P3)
典例翻译
①When I caught sight of the scenery， a wonderful thought emerged in my mind.
看到眼前的风景，我脑海里浮现出了一个绝妙的想法。
②The rain stopped and the sun emerged from behind the clouds.
雨停了，太阳从云层后露了出来。
③He emerged as a key figure in the event.
他在这次赛事上作为关键人物出现。
归纳拓展
（1）从……中出现 emerge from
作为……出现 emerge as
（2） emergence n.出现; 显现
（3） emergent adj.新出现的; 处于萌芽阶段的
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Bioengineering is an emergent (emerge) branch of learning.
②The 1960s saw the emergence (emerge) of many new nations.
（2）完成句子
③2020年，在线学习成为一种流行的模式。
Learning online emerged as a popular mode in 2020.
8. convey vt.表达; 传递(思想、感情等); 传送
In this work， Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene-the subjective impression the scene gave him-but not a detailed record of the scene itself. 在这幅作品中，莫奈试图表达场景中的光线和变化，这是场景给他的主观印象，而不是对场景本身的详细记录。(教材P3)
典例翻译
①I found it hard to convey my feelings in words. 我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。
②Please convey my appreciation to your parents for their kindness.
请向你的父母传达我对他们的好意的感激之情。
③Your luggage will be conveyed from the airport to the hotel by taxi.
你的行李将由出租车从机场送到酒店。
归纳拓展
（1）表达某人的情感/谢意/祝愿 convey one’s feelings/thanks/wishes
（2）向某人表达/传达…… convey sth. to sb.
（3）把某人/某物从……运送到…… convey sb./sth. from…to…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The police asked the driver to convey the passengers from the spot to the destination safely.
②The officer ordered that the necessities be conveyed (convey) immediately to the earthquake-hit areas.
（2）单句写作
③这首诗向读者传达了诗人的情感。
This poem conveys the poet’s feelings to readers.
重点句型
1. as引导状语从句
As there have been so many different styles of Western art， it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. 由于西方艺术的风格迥异，用一篇简短的文章把它们都描述出来是不可能的。(教材P2)
典例翻译
①Do as you are told， or you’ll be fired.
叫你做什么你就做什么，否则你会被解雇。
②As she grew older， she gained in confidence.
随着年龄的增长，她的信心增强了。
③Search as they would here and there， they could find nothing in the room.
尽管到处寻找，但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。
④The task is not as hard as I thought.
这项任务没有我想象的那么困难。
归纳拓展
（1）as引导的状语从句有以下几种：原因状语从句，方式状语从句，时间状语从句，让步状语从句，和比较状语从句。
（2）as引导让步状语从句时，意为“ 虽然，尽管 ”，从句要倒装，常把从句中的表语、状语、谓语中的实义动词提前。若提前的表语是可数名词单数，其前不用冠词。
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①随着时间的流逝，我妈妈的头发变白了。
As time goes by ，my mother’s hair has turned grey.
②他的英语说得和你一样流利。
He speaks English as fluently as you （do） .
（2）句型转换
③Although it was hot at night，we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey. （as引导让步状语从句）
Hot as it was at night， we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
2. while引导让步状语从句
While his paintings still had religious themes， they showed real people in a real environment. 虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。（教材P2）
典例翻译
①Some people live in a dream world while others live to realize their dreams.
有些人生活在梦想的世界里，然而其他人生而为圆梦。
②While I admit that there are problems， I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题解决不了。
③While I was waiting at the bus stop， three buses went by in the opposite direction.
我在公共汽车站等车时，对向驶过了三辆公共汽车。
归纳拓展
（1）while的用法：
①连接并列分句，表示两种情况的对比，意为“ 然而 ”。
②引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，通常位于主句之前。
③引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，从句谓语动词通常为延续性动词。
（2）while， although， though， as引导让步状语从句的区别：
区别 例句
while 引导让步状语从句时，多位于句首，且从句不用倒装语序。 While I agree with you， I do not think that your way is the best. 虽然我同意你（的说法），但我不认为你的方法是最好的。
although 引导让步状语从句时，从句不用倒装语序。 Although he is still a child， he has already taken the responsibility of taking care of his family. 尽管他还是个孩子，但他已经承担起了照顾家庭的责任。
though 引导让步状语从句时，从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，用倒装语序时，常把表语、状语、实义动词提前。 Though his clothes were old and worn， they looked clean and of good quality. 他的衣服虽然很旧，但看上去干干净净，质地很好。
as 引导让步状语从句时，从句要用部分倒装，常把从句中的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词提前。 Exhausted as they were， they were full of a sense of achievement because they succeeded in completing the project on time. 他们虽然很累，但是充满了成就感，因为他们成功地按时完成了该项目。
学以致用
（1）选词填空（while/although/though/as）
①（2019课标全国Ⅰ） Although/Though/While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
②Much as/though I admire his opinion, I do not think it is the point.
③Music was his true passion, although/though he had never performed outside the family.
（2）一句多译
④尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少空闲时间。
While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.
= I do not have much time available, although/though I am willing to help.
素养达标·迁移创新
见学用9页
Ⅰ.语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. I remember giving you precise （精确的） instructions as to how to operate the machine.
2. There is no doubt that China has achieved a great breakthrough （突破） in developing rural education.
3. The pictures on the leaflet show that the facilities on the campsite were very primitive （简陋的）.
4. Qi Baishi is a famous painter in our country and his paintings are realistic （逼真的）.
5. It is well known to all that in ancient China businessmen usually had a low social rank （地位）.
6. It is noble （高尚的） of you to spend all your weekends helping the old folk.
7. Social workers must always consider the best interests of their clients （客户）.
8. The application of three dimensions （维度） has promoted the development of techniques in making the movie.
9. There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas-music, acting, photography （摄影） and so on.
10. These skills were passed on to subsequent （随后的） generations.
11. We should analyze subjective （主观的） and objective causes concerning anxiety of the fellows.
12. His inner conflict is related to struggles in the outer （外部的） world.
Ⅱ.语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in particular; set…apart from; be fond of; build upon; turn to; concentrate on; as a result; as well
1. Her humorous speech and decent dressing set her apart from other candidates.
2. People have better access to health care than they used to, and as a result they’re living longer.
3. Do you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry-Tang poetry from China in particular
4. Our peaceful life is built upon the devotion of many great people who risked their lives to protect us.
5. After he left university, he became a teacher, but later turned to astronomy.
6. More and more young people are fond of conveying their feelings on the blog.
7. Participating in this club helps us to learn more about drama, and develop our self-confidence and cultural qualities as well .
8. As graduation approaches, instead of losing ourselves in the sadness of parting, we should concentrate more on our hopes for a bright future.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
There 1. （be） so many different styles of Western art over the centuries. Here, let’s look at the brief introduction of Western painting.
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was 2. （present） religious themes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional. This 3. （gradual） changed in the 13th century with a painter, whose paintings are set apart from others by their realistic human faces and deep 4. （emotion） impact. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values slowly replaced 5. （that） held in the Middle Ages. Painters began to concentrate less on religion and adopt a more humanistic attitude 6. life. Some influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo produced some of the greatest works 7. Europe had ever seen. With time going by, great changes took place in society and these changes 8. （lead） to new painting styles. There followed Impressionism, and some famous artists also emerged in this period. After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask what art is. Some gave 9. （they） paintings a realistic but dream-like quality while others turned to abstract art. Maybe, no one can predict 10. painting styles will be like in the future.
1. have been
2. to present
3. gradually
4. emotional
5. those
6. to/towards
7. that
8. led
9. their
10. what
24Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
（动词不定式作表语）
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
（1）（教材P2）Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
（2）（教材P2）During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
（3）（教材P3）In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene-the subjective impression the scene gave him-but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
（4）（教材P3）What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
（5）（教材P8）From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
观察上面句子，系动词is或was后的不定式在句中作表语。
要点精析
一、概述
动词不定式（to+动词原形）是非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中不能单独作谓语，可以作除了谓语以外的其他句子成分，包括主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、宾语补足语等，它不受主语人称和谓语动词时态变化的影响。
（1）动词不定式的形式变化
时态变化 主动式 被动式
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing /
（2）动词不定式的否定形式：not to do
She persuaded me not to go to the dangerous area.
她劝说我不要去那个危险的地方。
二、不定式作表语的用法
（1）当主语是以aim, suggestion, duty, way, hope, idea, intention, purpose, plan, ambition等为中心的名词词组或what 引导的名词性从句时，其后常用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
What I want to suggest is to start work at once.
我的建议是立刻开始工作。
The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them in the planning and preparing. 鼓励你的孩子们享受食物的最好方法是让他们参与计划和做饭的准备工作。
（2）表示主语的具体内容、目的。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步是确保你确切地知道你需要什么。
（3）表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。
We believe humans are to live a better life in the future.
我们相信人类在将来会过上更好的生活。
（4）表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。
According to the schedule, the research team is to set off for Shanghai next week. （安排）
根据日程安排，研究小组将于下周出发去上海。
You are to have a face-to-face talk with them. （劝告）
你应该和他们当面谈一谈。
You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. （愿望）
要想成功, 就必须有耐心，有毅力。
三、动词不定式作表语时的特殊用法
（1）当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时, 作表语的不定式可省略to。
What you ought to do now is be more patient and kinder to your children.
你现在应该做的是对你的孩子更有耐心，更和善。
In the evening, the only thing he did was read on the blog.
晚上他做的唯一的事是浏览博客。
（2）不定式短语 to let, to blame, to seek 等常用主动形式表示被动含义。
The house is to let, and those who are interested can contact the landlord.
这栋房子要出租，有意向的人可以联系房东。
Who is to blame for the population decline of the tigers in that area
谁应该为那个地区老虎数量的下降负责任？
四、不定式作表语和动名词作表语的区别
（1）表示具体的一次性的动作时常用不定式作表语，表示习惯性、经常性的动作时常用动名词作表语。
My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。
My job is to teach you English this term. 我这学期的工作是教你们英语。
（2）不定式和动名词作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致。
To learn a language is to use it. 学习一门语言就是为了使用它。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.（2020全国新高考Ⅰ）The purpose of this race is to inspire （inspire） us students to pay more attention to physical exercise.
2.（2020全国新高考Ⅰ）The objective of most speeches is to benefit （benefit） the audience.
3.（2020 江苏）When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no way of knowing that his life was to change （change）completely.
4.My dream is to be admitted （admit） to a key university and make contributions to our society in the future.
5.What I want to do is （to） express （express） my thanks to you for offering me the job, which gives me a chance to develop myself.
6.The goal of education is to develop （develop） a fine personality in children.
7.My next work was to construct （construct） a nest and anchor it in a tree.
8.（2019浙江）While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show （show） generosity and sympathy.
9.The main purpose of this activity is to let （let） more people understand the importance of learning Chinese.
10.As is known to all, the first and best victory is to conquer （conquer） yourself.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.周游世界就是为了领略不同的风景，欣赏不同的文化。（appreciate）
To travel around the world is to enjoy different scenery and appreciate different cultures .
2.教育的目的是培养对社会有用的人才。（talent，定语从句）
The purpose of education is to develop talents that are useful to society .
3.他应该为所发生的事情负责。（sb. be to blame）
He was to blame for what had happened.
4.要是他们问我这个棘手的问题, 我该说什么呢？
What am I to say if they ask me the tough question
5.这次艰难的经历注定会改变他的人生。（change one’s life）
This challenging experience is to change his life .
Ⅲ. 语法填空
I have a close friend, whose ambition is 1. （work） in the computer industry when he grows up. The first thing he plans to do now is 2. （study） hard. But he has some difficulty in 3. （learn） English. So he turns to his consultant, whose duty is 4. （assist） students to solve the problems. The woman seems 5. （understand） him thoroughly. Her suggestion is that he 6. （do） more reading, which will benefit him a lot. It’s no use 7. （say） without action. Following this suggestion, what he decides to do is 8. （search） for some reading materials and form a habit of 9. （read）. Now everything seems 10. （be） all right, and he begins to enjoy his study and becomes confident.
1. to work
2. （to） study
3. learning
4. to assist
5. to understand
6. （should） do
7. saying
8. （to） search
9. reading
10. to be
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者讲述了他的好朋友在学英语过程中碰到困难时及时向老师求助，并最后取得成功，从而变得自信的故事。
考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作从句表语，说明ambition的具体内容。
2.考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作表语，此处to可以省略。
3.考查非谓语动词。have difficulty in doing sth. 表示“在做某事上有困难”。
4.考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作从句的表语，说明duty的具体内容。
5.to understand 考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth. 表示“似乎……”。
6.考查虚拟语气。主语表示“建议”时，其后的表语从句要用虚拟语气，形式为“（should+）动词原形”。
7.考查非谓语动词。it is no use doing sth. 表示“做某事是没有用的”。
8.考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作表语，说明what引导的主语从句的具体内容，前面有do, to可以省略。
9.考查非谓语动词。介词of 后跟动名词作宾语。
10.考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth. 表示“似乎……”。
5Section Ⅲ Using Language
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
1. representative / repr zent t v/ adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表→ represent /[ repr zent/ vt.代表；作为……的象征
2. exhibition / eks b n/ n.展览；（技能、感情或行为的）表演→ exhibit / ɡ z b t/ v.展览；展出
3. artistic /ɑ t st k/ adj.艺术的；艺术家的→ art /ɑ t/ n.艺术→ artist / ɑ t st/ n.艺术家
4. entry / entri/ n.加入；进入；参与→ enter / ent / v.进入；进来→ entrance / entr ns/ n.入口
5. recognition / rek ɡ n n/ n.承认；认出；赞誉→ recognize / rek ɡna z/ v.辨认出；承认；公认
6. expansion / k sp n n/ n.扩张；扩展；扩大→ expand / k sp nd/ v.增加；扩展
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1. on show 在展览中
2. of note 重要的；有趣的；值得关注的；值得一提的
3. on display 在展出
4. bring…to life 赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来 5. in store（for sb.）即将发生（在某人身上）；等待着（某人）
6. 未能成功做某事 fail to do sth.
7. 获得认可 gain recognition
8. 被允许进入/加入…… be admitted into
9. 值得 be worthy of
10. 最终 in time
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 not…until… 直到……才……
教材原句 Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century. 佛教虽然很早就传入了中国，但直到7世纪其影响才真正开始扩大。
中文例句 直到半夜回来他才意识到他被骗了，而且蒙受了巨大的损失。
句式仿写 He didn’t realize he was taken in and suffered a great loss until he came back at midnight.
2.
句型公式 “of+n.”作表语
教材原句 These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. 这些作品旨在传播佛教，拥有非凡的美感和质感。
中文例句 这份新文件很重要。
句式仿写 The new file is of great importance .
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是“写一则艺术展览公告”，目的是落实“Listening and Speaking”的交际功能，使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实，同时增强学生对艺术作品的了解，进一步培养他们对艺术的兴趣。
文本改写
1.
教材原文 教材译文
ANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOW The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages.” Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times. The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snowon a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of Tang Yin（1470-1524）. Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created. Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty （1600 BCE-1046 BCE）. While the artists who made these great works are not known, they showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong（1711-1799）, a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze. Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty （618-907）sculptures. Most of these are of Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century. During this same period, trade along the Silk Road also boomed. Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures, one sees the faces of the past. History is brought to life. This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition. We guarantee that “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works. “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will run until November 25. Opening hours are from 9:00 a. m. to 5:00 p. m., from Tuesday to Sunday （the museum is closed on Mondays）. No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4:30 p. m. Admission:＄10 for adults;＄8 for students;＄5 for children under 12; free for children under 5. No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum. 中国古代艺术展 里奇菲尔德艺术博物馆很荣幸为您介绍我们的新展览——“从商朝到清朝：中国历代艺术品展”。欢迎与我们一起探索从三国时期开始的中国三千多年的绝妙艺术。从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们旨在展示中国古代的艺术精华。 本次展览的亮点是唐寅（1470—1524）的杰作之一——《函关雪霁图》。唐寅生于明朝，曾谋求入仕为官, 但未能如愿，因此他转而投身绘画事业。最终，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。这幅画运用了非凡的技巧，展现了白雪覆盖的高山、树木和房屋。虽然它有500多年的历史，但其色泽和生命力却丝毫未减。 同样十分重要的（看点）是一组近百件的商代（公元前1600—公元前1046）青铜器藏品。虽然创造这些伟大作品的艺术家并不为人所知，但他们在创作这些美丽的作品时表现出了超高的技巧。一些展品被认为是钟爱商代青铜器的乾隆皇帝（1711—1799）的藏品。 最后，我们还会展出许多唐代（618—907）的雕塑精品。它们大多源于佛教。佛教虽然很早就传入了中国，但直到7世纪其影响才真正开始扩大。同一时期，丝绸之路沿线的贸易也在蓬勃发展。因此，中国雕塑深受经丝绸之路从印度和中亚传入的佛教艺术的影响。这些作品旨在传播佛教，拥有非凡的美感和质感。看着这些雕塑人物的脸庞，（你）可以看到过去的面貌。历史被赋予新生。 这只是本展览为您准备的一小部分。我们保证“从商朝到清朝：中国历代艺术品展”将用其惊人的藏品带您穿越时空。 “从商朝到清朝：中国历代艺术品展”将持续到11月25日。开放时间：周二至周日，上午9:00至下午5:00（博物馆周一闭馆）。下午4:30以后禁止入场。 门票：成人10美元；学生8美元；12岁以下儿童5美元；5岁以下儿童免费。禁止拍照或携带食物和饮料入场。
请将文章第三段改写成一篇80词左右的口头通知。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1. 发布通知 make an announcement
2. 一组 a collection of
3. 青铜器 bronze objects
4. 展览 exhibit
5. 在展出 on display
6. 被认为 be thought to
7. 预期，计划 be scheduled to do
8. 拜访，参观 pay a visit
9. 报名，登记 register
10. 学生会 the Students’ Union
【句型运用】
1.我要宣布一个通知。（make an announcement）
I have an announcement to make.
2.一组近百件的商代青铜器藏品将在我市博物馆展出。（bronze objects; exhibit）
A collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty is going to be exhibited in the museum of our city.
3.古代的艺术家们在创作这些美丽的作品时表现出了超高的技巧。（ancient; great skill）
The ancient artists showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces.
4.一些展品被认为是钟爱商代青铜器的乾隆皇帝的藏品。（be thought to） Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong, a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.
5.我们定于本周六进行参观。（plan to do）
We plan to pay a visit this Saturday.
6.早上8点我们在学校门口集合。（gather together）
We are to gather together at 8:00 am at the school gate.
7.我们被要求写一篇关于这些作品的评论。（review）
We are asked to write a review about the works.
8.想去的同学即日起可到学生会报名。（sign up）
Anyone who wants to go should come to sign up from now on in the Students’ Union.
【句式升级】
1.使用词汇替换方式改写第5句。（用be scheduled to do 改写）
We are scheduled to pay a visit this Saturday.
2.使用词汇替换方式改写第7句。（用require改写）
We are required to write a review about the works.
3.使用词汇替换方式改写第8句。（用register改写）
Anyone who wants to go should come to register from now on in the Students’ Union.
4.将句5和句6用and合并。
We are scheduled to pay a visit this Saturday and are to gather together at 8:00 am at the school gate.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Attention, please.
I have an announcement to make. A collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty is going to be exhibited in the museum of our city. The ancient artists showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong, a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.
We are scheduled to pay a visit this Saturday and are to gather together at 8:00 am at the school gate. We are required to write a review about the works. Hence, make sure to observe and admire them carefully. Anyone who wants to go should come to register from now on in the Students’ Union.
实战演练
1.假定你是校学生会主席李华，为了让学生对中国传统艺术作品有所了解，你校将举办一个中学生艺术作品展览会，请以校学生会的名义用英文拟一则通告。内容包括：
1. 展览的时间和地点；
2. 展览内容；
3. 参观时的注意事项。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：艺术作品展览会 art exhibition
Boys and girls,
May I have your attention, please
解析：写作指导
体裁 应用文——口头通知
时态 一般现在时、一般将来时
人称 以第一、三人称为主
要点 1. 展览的主题、时间、地点； 2. 展出的具体作品； 3. 参观时的注意事项。
答案：高分范文
Boys and girls,
May I have your attention, please
In order to make us get some art knowledge, High School Students’ Art Exhibition, whose theme is “Amazing China”, will take place from next Monday to Friday in our school’s exhibition hall. Some extraordinary artworks created by high school students will be displayed, including Chinese paintings, calligraphy works as well as delicate craftwork. The highlight of the exhibition is a painting by a boy in Senior 2, which has won an international prize. All of the works will definitely give a clearer picture of the charm of our Chinese culture. So it is worth visiting.
By the way, photos are not permitted to take during the visit. It is also bad manners to talk loudly in the exhibition hall. I’m sure you will enjoy it.
高级短语及句式
1. take place 举行
2. extraordinary artworks 非凡的艺术作品
3. as well as 也；又；还
4. delicate craftwork 精致的手工艺品
5. sth. be worth doing 值得做某事
6. In order to make us get some art knowledge, High School Students’ Art Exhibition, whose theme is “Amazing China”, will take place from next Monday to Friday in our school’s exhibition hall.
为了让我们获得一些艺术知识，主题为“惊艳中国”的中学生艺术展将于下周一到周五在我们学校的展厅举行。
7. It is also bad manners to talk loudly in the exhibition hall.
在展厅里大声说话也是很不礼貌的。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. representative adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表
These pictures are representative of ink wash animation films. 这些图片是水墨动画电影的代表。（教材P6）
典例翻译
①They will meet representatives from industry and the government next Tuesday.
下周二他们将会见产业界和政府的代表。
②The sculpture is representative of his work of that period.
这个雕塑是他在那个时期的代表作。
③He represented himself as an art-lover in the novel.
他在小说中把自己描绘成一位艺术爱好者。
归纳拓展
（1）是……的代表 be representative of
（2）represent v.代表；表现
把……描绘成…… represent…as….
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①It is an honor for him to represent （represent） his fellow workers to speak at the meeting.
②The popular press tends to represent him as an environmental leader.
（2）句型转换
③Paintings that represent religious themes were common in medieval times. （现在分词作后置定语）
→Paintings representing religious themes were common in medieval times.
2. decline n.（数量、价格、质量等的）减少；下降；衰落vi.&vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝 an explanation of the decline in ink wash animation 论水墨动画的衰落（教材P6）
典例翻译
①Affected by the outbreak of the epidemic, the economy around the world went/fell into decline.
受流行病暴发的影响，世界各地的经济都开始下滑了。
②Oil production has already peaked and is on the decline in about 50 nations.
石油产量已经达到了最高峰，大约五十个国家的石油产量正在下降。
③In spite of many invitations, he always declines to join get-togethers on account of his health condition.
虽然有很多邀请，但他总是以健康状况为由拒绝参加这些聚会。
归纳拓展
（1）开始衰落/下降 go/fall into decline 在减少；在下降；衰落；没落in decline/ on the decline
（2）拒绝做某事 decline to do sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Home cooking seems to be on the decline.
②At that time the Roman Empire was in decline.
（2）完成句子
③They declined to tell me （拒绝告诉我） how they had got my address.
3. in conclusion最后
In conclusion,… To conclude,… In short,… 总之/最后，…… 最后，…… 简而言之，……（教材P7）
典例翻译
①I drew the conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
②I concluded from his words that the breakthrough was of great importance for his company.
我从他的话中推断出这项突破对他的公司极其重要。
③The concert concluded with a tune of Beethoven.
音乐会以贝多芬的一首曲子结束。
归纳拓展
（1）得出结论 come to/reach/draw a conclusion
（2）从……中推断出…… conclude sth. from sth.
以……结束 conclude with sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① To conclude, with this extra evidence, we can draw a conclusion with certainty.
②The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions （conclude） are doubtful.
（2）完成句子
③Many experts drew/arrived at/came to/reached the conclusion （得出结论） that many diseases were linked to smoking.
4. recognition n.认出；承认；赞誉；认可
In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. 最终，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。（教材P8）
典例翻译
①The city has changed almost beyond recognition since I left there five years ago.
从我五年前离开那里以来，那座城市已经几乎变得认不出来了。
②I recognized him the moment he came into the room.
他一进屋我就认出了他。
③It is recognized that English idioms are the most challenging.
人们一致认为英语习语是最难的。
④Drugs were not recognized as/to be a problem then. 那时候（人们）没有把毒品看成是一个问题。
归纳拓展
（1）认不出来 beyond /out of recognition
（2）recognize vt.辨认出；承认；认可
承认某人/某物是…… recognize sb./sth. as/to be…
人们公认…… It is recognized that…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The bakery business has changed beyond recognition （recognize） in the last ten years.
②The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized （recognize）.
（2）句型转换
③Nothing is recognized to be more important than green grass and clean water. （it作形式主语）
→ It is recognized that nothing is more important than green grass and clean water.
5. guarantee vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物
We guarantee that “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works. 我们保证“从商朝到清朝：中国历代艺术品展”将用其惊人的藏品带您穿越时空。（教材P8）
典例翻译
①These days getting a degree doesn’t guarantee you a job.
如今获得学位并不能保证你就有工作。
②Take it easy! We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.
放心吧！我们保证一周内给您送货。
③The latest incident is guaranteed to make the situation worse.
最近发生的这起事件必然会使情况更加严重。
④Is your TV under guarantee
你的电视在保修期内吗？
归纳拓展
（1）保证某人某事 guarantee sb. sth.
保证做某事 guarantee to do sth.
肯定/必定会做某事 be guaranteed to do sth.
（2）在保修期内 under guarantee
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Your mobile phone will be repaired free if it is still under guarantee.
（2）完成句子
②如果他马上把申请表寄出，我可以保证他获得一个面试的机会。
If he sends the application form straight away, I can guarantee him a chance for an interview .
③这家汽车俱乐部不能保证满足所有会员的要求。The car club doesn’t guarantee to meet the demands of all its members.
6. worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的
If you are not interested in works of art by classical masters, contemporary art by emerging artists is also worthy of your attention. 如果你对古典大师的艺术作品不感兴趣，新兴艺术家的当代艺术也值得你的关注。（教材P10）
典例翻译
①I think the Great Wall and the Terracotta Warriors are the attractions mostly worthy of being visited.
我认为长城和兵马俑是最值得游览的景点。
②A couple of other books are worthy of mention.
还有一些其他的书值得一提。
③The topic is worthy to be discussed.
这个话题值得被讨论。
归纳拓展
值得……；应受到……
易错辨析
单词 搭配 例句
worth be worth+n. be （well） worth doing The matter is worth
worthy be worthy of+n. be worthy of being done be worthy to be done The matter is worthy
worthwhile it is worthwhile to do/doing sth. It is worthwhile to consider/considering the matter.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①This article is well worth reading （read）, but it is not worthy of being translated/translation （translate）.
（2）一句多译
他的建议值得考虑。
② His suggestion is worth consideration/considering.
③ His suggestion is worthy to be considered/of being considered. ④ It is worthwhile to consider/considering his suggestion.
重点句型
1. 表语提前的完全倒装结构
Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty （1600 BCE-1046 BCE）. 同样十分重要的（看点）是一组近百件的商代（公元前1600—公元前1046）青铜器藏品。（教材P8）
典例翻译
①On either side of the road were rows of fruit trees.
路的两边都是一排排的果树。
②Gone are the days when the country had to depend on foreign oil.
这个国家不得不依赖外国石油的日子一去不复返了。
归纳拓展
主语较长时，为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语，要将表语前置，将主语移到系动词之后。
学以致用
完成句子
①怀特教授、史密斯教授和许多其他客人出席了会议。
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
②村子南端附近有一个大桃园。
Near the southern end of the village was a large peach orchard.
③这就是他在他的第一部小说中描述的那个人物。
Such is the character he described in his first novel.
2. find+宾语+宾语补足语
Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. 因此，中国雕塑深受经丝绸之路从印度和中亚传入的佛教艺术的影响。（教材P8）
典例翻译
①When she turned around, she found someone staring at her.
当她转过身来时，她发现有人在盯着她看。
②We were surprised to find the castle still in its original condition.
我们惊讶地发现那座城堡仍然保持着原样。
③John rushed his meal, only to find them all out.
约翰匆忙吃完了饭, 却发现他们都出去了。
④She found it hard to get along with this old woman.
她发现与这位老太太相处很难。
归纳拓展
（1）“find+宾语+宾语补足语”意为“发现……处于……状态”，在此结构中，宾语补足语除了用过去分词外，还常用现在分词、形容词、介词短语、副词、不定式、名词等。
（2）find后可接 it 作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语放在宾补之后。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①（2019天津）I often found myself telling （tell） my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
②（2018课标全国Ⅲ）I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive.
（2）完成句子
③我发现父亲坐在他的椅子里，专心致志地读着一本杂志。
I found my father sitting in his chair , completely absorbed in a magazine.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.She carefully wrote down her name with an ink （墨水） pen on the new notebook.
2.It is essential that effective measures should be taken to protect our civil （国民的） rights.
3.Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase （花瓶）, she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
4.Her special way to perform the symphony （交响乐） set her apart from other performers.
5.He was appointed as the artistic （艺术的） director of the theatre.
6.The bronze （青铜） statue was built in honor of a remarkable woman.
7.The museum is staging an exhibition （展览） of Picasso’s works.
8.This enabled European banks to gain entry （进入） into new markets.
9.It is estimated that the number of tourists to the resort declined （下降） by 10% last year.
10.I had mentioned that I was fond of contemporary （当代的） music and spent most of time on it at that time.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in time; on display; bring…to life ; be worthy of; keep in mind; be intended to; in decline; appeal to
1.We must keep in mind that taking regular exercise is beneficial to our health.
2.These dedicated medical workers are worthy of everyone’s respect and admiration.
3.I learned to write with a Chinese brush in time .
4. Intended to satisfy the need of children aged 5-7, the book is accompanied by visual ani-mation.
5.After the earthquake, the villagers tried their best to bring the village to life .
6.American office workers’ use of paper has actually been in decline in recent years.
7.These various jade sculptures on display can show the ancient Chinese artistic genius.
8.The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
A new exhibition,“From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will be on in the Richfield Museum of Fine Art. The items include bronze bowls, ceramic 1. （vase）, jade sculptures and ink wash paintings. The goal is 2. （display） the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times. The highlight of this exhibition is the painting 3. （call）Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of Tang Yin, 4. gained recognition as one of the 5. （great） artists China has ever known. A collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty is eye-catching as well, some of which are thought 6. （come） from the collection of Emperor Qianlong, 7. great ad-mirer of Shang Dynasty bronze. Many fine examples of Tang Dynasty sculptures will be 8. display, too. These works were intended 9. （spread） Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. The exhibition will transport you to another time with 10. （it） amazing collection of works.
1. vases 2. to display 3. called 4. who 5. greatest
6. to have 7. a 8. on 9. to spread 10. its
16Section Ⅳ Expanding Your World
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的n.文艺复兴前的艺术家（或作品）；原始派画家（或作品）
② dimension n.维；规模；范围
③ breakthrough n.重大进展；突破
④ reputation n.名誉；名声
⑤ purchase vt.购买；采购n.购买；购买的东西
⑥ noble n.贵族成员；出身高贵的人adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的
⑦ rank n.地位；级别；行列vt.&vi.把……分等级；使排成行
⑧ photography n.照相术；摄影
⑨ convey vt.表达；传递（思想、感情等）；传送
⑩ subjective adj.主观的
subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的
outer adj.外表的；外边的；外围的
permanent adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的
humble adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的
frame n.画面；框架vt.给……镶框
decline n.（数量、价格、质量等的）减少；下降；衰落vi.&vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝
guarantee vt.保证；确保；肯定……必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物
contemporary adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的n.同代人；同辈人
2.拓展单词
① precise adj.准确的；精确的→ precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此
② realistic adj.现实的；逼真的→ realism n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风→ realist n.现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者→ realize v.实现；理解；意识到
③ influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的→ influence vt.影响；对……起作用n.影响；作用
④ investment n.投资额；投资；（时间、精力的）投入→ invest v.投资；投入（时间、精力等）
⑤ memorial n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物；纪念品adj.纪念的；悼念的→ memory n.记忆；记忆力；记性→ memorize vt.记忆；记住
⑥ criticise vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价→ criticism n.批评；指责；评论
⑦ representative adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表→ represent vt.代表；作为……的代言人
⑧ artistic adj.艺术的；艺术家的→ art n.艺术→ artist n.艺术家；（尤指）画家
⑨ entry n.加入；进入；参与→ enter v.进入；加入；开始参加→ entrance n.入口；通道
⑩ recognition n.承认；认出；赞誉→ recognize vt.承认；认出；认可→ recognizable adj.容易认出的
expansion n.扩张；扩展；扩大→ expand v.扩大；膨胀；扩展
humanistic adj.人文主义的→ humanity n.人性；人道；（统称）人类→ human n.人；人类
photography n.照相术；摄影→ photograph n.照片v.拍照→ photographer n.摄影师
emerge vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露→ emergent adj.处于发展初期的；新兴的→ emergence n.出现；显现
exhibition n.展览；（技能、感情或行为的）表演→ exhibit vt.展览；展出
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1.be fond of 喜爱；喜欢
2.set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
3.be full of 充满
4.concentrate on 集中注意力于
5.focus on 集中注意力于
6.be fascinated by 对……着迷
7.be impressed by 对……印象深刻
8.deal with 处理
9.regard... as… 把……看作……
10.achieve one’s goal 实现某人的目标
11.on display 在展览
12.（be） intended to do sth. 为做某事打算（设计）的
13.尤其；特别 in particular
14.面对 be faced with
15.赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来 bring…to life
16.转向；求助于 turn to
17.因此；结果 as a result
18.值得 be worthy of
19.记住 keep in mind
20.呼吁；吸引；上诉 appeal to
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.什么是西方艺术？很难给出一个准确的定义。
What is Western art It is hard to give a precise definition .
2.在中世纪, 西方艺术旨在向人们宣传有关基督教的知识。
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity .
3.虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
4.他的绘画作品尤其因逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而有别于其他绘画作品。
In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
5.最后，大多数客户都想要看起来漂亮且有趣的画作。
Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
6.在那之后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌了。
After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.
7.这幅画运用了非凡的技巧，展现了白雪覆盖的高山、树木和房屋。
This painting, showing high mountains, trees and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill.
8.同样十分重要的（看点）是一组近百件的商代（公元前1600—公元前1046）青铜器藏品。
Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty（1600 BCE-1046 BCE）.
9.一些展品被认为是钟爱商代青铜器的乾隆皇帝（1711—1799）的藏品。
Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong（1711-1799）, a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.
10.这些作品旨在传播佛教，拥有非凡的美感和质感。 These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
1.结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 一名一流的艺术家以其有影响力的作品而享有盛誉。（rank, have a reputation for…）
2. 他的作品很多人都很喜欢，尤其是年轻人。（in particular, be fond of）
3. 他的作品中传达的主题不仅仅是主体的外在形象，还有他们内心的温暖和人性。（convey, humanity）
4. 这一特点使他与众不同。（set…apart from）
5. 因此，购买他的作品被认为是明智的投资。
A first-rank artist has a great reputation for his influential works, which many people, the young in particular, are fond of. The theme conveyed in his works is not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well. This characteristic sets him apart from others. As a result, purchasing his works is thought to be a wise investment.
丰实底蕴·素养融通
说文解字
1. decline/d 'kla n/n.（数量、价格、质量等的）减少；下降；衰落vt.&vi.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝
前缀de-表示“向下，减少，降低”，clin- = lean，表示倾斜，所以decline的字面意思就是“向下倾斜”，引申为“下降，衰落”。
2. 词根clin- = lean，表示倾斜，源自原始印欧语词根＊klei-，常见变体形式为cli-。比如clinic, clinic = clin（倚靠之处，病床）+ic（形容词后缀），字面意思为“靠近病床的”，引申为“临床，诊所”。
经典美句
1. The world always seems brighter when you’ve just made something that wasn’t there before. —Neil Gaiman
当你刚刚做出了某个原本不存在的东西后，世界总是会变得更好。——尼尔·盖曼
2. Art must be life-it must belong to everybody. —Marina Abramovic
艺术必须源于生活——它必须属于每个人。——玛丽娜·阿布拉莫维奇
3. We must never forget that art is not a form of propaganda；it’s a form of truth. —John F. Kennedy
我们一定不要忘记，艺术不是一种宣传的手段，它是真理的一种形式。 ——约翰·F·肯尼迪
4. You can look at a picture for a week and never think of it again. You can also look at the picture for a second and think of it all your life. —Joan Miró
你可以对着一幅画看上一周, 只是再也不会想起它。你也可以只看一幅画一秒，却一辈子都总想起它。——胡安·米罗
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