2022年中考英语二轮专题复习：专题1 名词（38张ppt）

(共38张PPT)
第一模块　语法专题突破
专题一　名词
考点聚焦
考点
名词的分类
1．规则的名词复数形式
考点
可数名词的单复数
规则 举例
一般情况在词尾加-s cap→caps, cat→cats, girl→girls
以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词后加-es glass→glasses, fox→foxes, watch→watches
规则 举例
以-f或-fe结尾的名词，变-f或-fe为v再加-es leaf→leaves, thief→thieves, knife→knives
(giraffe例外)
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为i加-es party→parties, family→families
以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加-s toy→toys, boy→boys
规则 举例
注意以-o结尾的名词 一般加-s piano→pianos, photo→photos
有生命的加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
2．不规则的名词复数形式
3．既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词，但词义不同的名词：
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
wood 树林 木头、木材 experience 经历 经验
room 房间 空间 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
time 次；倍数 时间 paper 报纸；试卷 纸
life 生活 生命；生存 exercise 练习 锻炼；运动
work 作品 工作 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
4．独具慧眼辨别可数名词单复数及不可数名词
词类 常见修饰词 举例
可数名词单数 a/an, this/that, every, each 或基数词one直接连用 this teacher, every coin, one desk
词类 常见修饰词 举例
可数名词复数 some，many，a few, a number of, lots of, several, these/those, plenty of, hundreds of, one of或two以上基数词直接连用 a few pupils, some bottles，a number of animals
不可数名词 little(不多的), a little, much, a lot of, a great deal of, some, any, enough a little juice, much time, some money
(　　)1．The broken __________ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.
A．glass　 B．glasses　
C．candle D．candles
(　　)2．I have three pen pals.One is __________， the other two are __________.
A．Japanese; America B．Russian; Germany
C．Canada; Australia D．English; Frenchmen
备考演练
A　
D　
(　　)3．All the _________ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.
A．man B．men
C．woman D．women
(　　)4．Sam eats too much __________. He doesn’t eat any __________.
A．chickens; tomato B．tomato; chicken
C．chicken; tomatoes D．tomatoes; chicken
D　
C　
(　　)5．There was a food accident in this school.About 60 __________ were ill, but luckily no __________ were lost.
A．child; lives B．children; life
C．children; lives D．child; life
C　
1．名词词尾加’s构成
考点
名词的所有格
　
2．of所有格的用法
用于无生命的东西： the foot of the hill 山脚， the title of the text 课文的标题
3．双重所有格
a friend of my father’s, several classmates of Tom’s
需牢记的短语
the key to the gate 门钥匙
the way to the hospital 去医院的路
the answer/key to the question问题的答案
five minutes’ walk 五分钟的路程
(　　)6．—Why are there so much luggage
—__________ are planning to go on vacation.
A．Black’s　 B．A Black’s
C．The Black’　　 D．The Blacks
(　　)7．Today is September 10th. It’s __________ Day.
A．Teacher B．Teacher’s
C．Teachers’ D．Teacher’
备考演练
D　
C　
(　　)8．—Who’s the woman under the tree
—She’s __________ aunt.
A．Kelly and Joe B．Kelly’s and Joe
C．Kelly’s and Joe’s D．Kelly and Joe’s
(　　)9．Upstairs are __________ bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But __________ are in a mess.
A．Lily’s and Lucy’s; our B．Lily’s and Lucy’s; ours
C．Lily’s and Lucy; ours D．Lily and Lucy’s; our
D　
B　
(　　)10．The __________ reading room is next to the classroom. It’s only __________ walk.
A．student’s; 2 minutes
B．students’; 3 minutes’
C．student’s; 2 minutes’
D．students’; 3 minutes’
D　
※易混淆考点分析
Ⅰ.名词单复数形式的混合考查
注意根据语境判断名词及其单复数形式；以及名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的意义区别。
(　　)1．Your best friends will lose their __________ in you if you tell their secrets to others.
A．trust B．trusts
C．doubt D．doubts
A　
(　　)2．—Young people have different __________ for choosing a takeaway.
—So they do. Some of them consider having a takeaway cheaper than eating in a restaurant.
A．reason B．reasons
C．instruction D．instructions
B　
(　　)3．You should go out and do more __________. Don’t always stay at home, busy doing your __________.
A．exercise; exercises
B．exercises; exercise
C．exercises; exercises
D．exercise; exercise
A　
Ⅱ.名词所有格形式的混用
注意不规则名词复数的所有格、共有关系的所有格以及双重所有格的表示方法。
(　　)4．In China, we celebrate __________ Day on June 1st, __________ Day on September 10th.
A．Children’s; Teachers’
B．Children’; Teachers’
C．Childrens’; Teacher’s
D．Children’s; Teacher’s
A　
(　　)5．This is __________ bedroom. It’s tidy and nice.
A．Lily’s and Lucy’s
B．Lily and Lucy’s
C．Lily’s and Lucy
D．Lily and Lucy
B　
真题再现
广东省卷
(　　)1．(2021语法选择，36)People could enjoy the scenery (风景) and watch __________ there.
A．bird B．birds
C．bird’s D．birds’
B　
(　　)2．(2021完形填空，46)Sam soon got a __________ from Bill Black, director of the agency.“We have received your letter.It is great that you are interested in the job.This job…”
A．job B．test
C．reply D．ticket
C　
3．(2021短文填空，73)Lao Pan’s new book includes his forty-seven __________ to his family back in America.The letters show China’s development in different periods.
4．(2019短文填空，75)In the village, there were many paintings of __________，such as cats and birds.
letters　
animals　
他山之石
(　　)1．(2021江西)Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a __________ about that.
A．pilot　 B．doctor
C．singer D．postman
(　　)2．(2020重庆)I don’t know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some __________？
A．water B．money
C．food D．advice
B　
D　
(　　)3．(2020四川凉山)It’s dangerous for us to give too much __________ about ourselves on the Internet.
A．messages B．suggestions
C．preparation D．information
(　　)4．(2021广西)—Lisa, could you help me buy some __________ on your way home
—OK, mom.
A．egg　 B．beef
C．banana D．potato
D　
B　
(　　)5．(2021黑龙江)—Can I help you
—Please give me__________ about the trains to Daqing.
A．a few informations　
B．a little informations
C．a little information　
D．a few information
C　
模拟提升
A．短文填空基础练
编者按：“短文填空”主要考查学生对短文的语境理解能力和对语言知识在文章中的综合运用能力。据2021年《广东教育(增刊)》(上册)透露，有些地区今年本题的平均得分仅为3.87分。基于此，本书特将“短文填空”进行优化、调整，精心设计了一些基础的填空练习，期望能帮助读者有效提升解答本题的技能。
1．(原创)The kites in the sky are in different ________. Some are big and some are small.
2．(原创)It is one of our school ________ that students should run for half an hour every day.
3．(原创)I hope to receive some useful _______________ to help me deal with my problems.
4．(原创)Going to the rural area as a volunteer was an enjoyable _____________ for me.
sizes　
rules　
advice/suggestions　
experience　
5．(原创)My daughter helps me cook, but she isn’t old enough to be left alone in the __________.
6．(改编)As you listen, you can write down the key information such as names and numbers. The ________ will help you understand and remember what you hear.
7．(原创)Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Kung fu, which is an important part of Chinese __________.
kitchen　
notes　
culture　
8．(改编)As the “mother river of China”， the Yellow River is the _________ of the spirit of the Chinese people.
9．(原创)Parents are supposed to give their children more personal ________ so that they can get on well with each other.
10．(原创)A life without a dream is like a bird without ________，which can’t fly.
symbol　
space　
wings　
B．语法选择专练
(原创)Since I am in Grade Nine, time flies fast！I don’t want to say goodbye to my friends. Julie is one of my best __1__. She is __2__ and good at studying. When I have problems with my lessons, she will help me out. With her help, I make great progress __3__ my lessons. I still remember how she helped me with my English patiently. Julie has a twin sister called Lily. They go to school on foot together. It is about __4__ walk. They both like collecting __5__. Me, too.
We often share them with each other. Sometimes, we surf the Internet to get more on how to get __6__ latest stamps. We hold the same __7__ that collecting stamps is meaningful because each stamp spreads a kind of special __8__ which makes us fall in love with it. Three fourths of my stamps __9__ from my pen pals. Now it is time to say goodbye to all my classmates and teachers. At this time, I think it is a good idea to say “thanks” to those who care about us and accompany with us. I hope all the students in Grade Nine can follow __10__ advice. It will be helpful to them.
(　　)1．A．friend　 B．friendly　
C．friends　 D．friendship
(　　)2．A．help B．helpful
C．helps D．helpless
(　　)3．A．in B．on
C．for D．to
(　　)4．A．ten minutes B．ten minute
C．ten-minutes D．ten minutes’
C　
B　
A　
D　
(　　)5．A．stamped B．stamp
C．stamps D．stamp’s
(　　)6．A．the B．an
C．a D．/
(　　)7．A．pointed B．pointing
C．point D．points
(　　)8．A．cultural B．culture
C．cultured D．cultivated
C　
A　
C　
B　
(　　)9．A．is B．are
C．was D．were
(　　)10．A．mine B．myself
C．me D．my
B　
D