人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 课件（5份打包）

(共135张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and 教材译文
气候变化需要全世界的关注
我们认识到气候变化已经有几十年时间了。毫无疑问, 地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。 海洋和大气的变暖, 冰川融化和海平面上升, 均
教材原文 rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has 教材译文
证明全球气候发生了急剧变化。
2013年, 一张新闻照片震惊了世人, 照片上是在挪威北极地区的斯瓦尔巴群岛上发现的一只北极熊的尸体。发现该尸体的科学家说, 这只北极熊只剩“皮包骨头”了。一位研究北极熊多年的
续表
教材原文 studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase 教材译文
专家说, 从尸体所处的姿势来看, 这只熊似乎是饿死的。专家称, 气候变化导致海冰面降低, 这就意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹, 所以为了能够找到食物, 它不得不长途跋涉。这一惊人的案例表明了气温升高是如何影响地球生态的。
续表
教材原文 in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The 教材译文
那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升呢？气候学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程, 它有两个常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层, 并以短波辐射
续表
教材原文 “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and 教材译文
的形式使地球表面变暖。热量再以更大的波长被释放回大气层。大气层中的温室气体如甲烷和二氧化碳困住了部分热量, 使地球气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这个过程, 地球就无法维持生命。但是, 现在“人造”温室效应变成了一个大问题。当
续表
教材原文 habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly. 教材译文
人们由于燃烧化石燃料, 产生大量额外的温室气体时, 更多的热能被困在大气层中, 这导致地表温度迅速上升。
有充分且全面的证据表明, 气温上升导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加, 不仅造成严重破坏, 还造成人员死亡。气候学家警
续表
教材原文 There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably 教材译文
告说, 如果我们再不采取适当的行动, 该变暖趋势可能会持续下去, 我们将付出更高的代价。事实上, 有关极端暴雨和热浪导致人员死亡和经济损失的消息常见于新闻报道。
续表
教材原文 continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of 教材译文
持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖, 造成持久性的全球气候变化。这需要全世界人民的关注。各国政府需要考虑制定政策, 采取适当的行动和措施, 以减少温室气体排放。作为个人, 我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量
续表
教材原文 people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate 教材译文
来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会, 教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响, 因为这是影响这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题。所以, 你会做些什么来帮忙呢？
续表
教材原文 everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help 教材译文
续表
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. ___________ /dr 'm t k/adj. 巨大的; 戏剧的→ ________ /'drɑ m /n. 戏; 剧; 戏剧艺术
dramatic
drama
2. _________ /'gl bl/adj. 全球的; 全世界的 → ________ /gl b/n. 地球; 地球仪; 世界
global
globe
3. _________ /stɑ v/vi. & vt. (使)挨饿; 饿死→ _____________ /stɑ 've n/n. 挨饿; 饥饿; 饿死
starve
starvation
4. ____________ /'h b t bl/adj. 适合居住的 → __________ /'h b t t/n. (动植物的) 生活环境; 栖息地 → ___________ /'h b t nt/n. 居民
habitable
habitat
habitant
5. __________ /s 'ste n/vt. 维持; 遭受; 承受住→ ______________ /s 'ste n bl/adj. 可持续的; 合理利用的
sustain
sustainable
6. ________________ /k mpr 'hens v/adj. 全部的; 所有的; 详尽的→ _____________ /'k mpre’hend/v. 理解; 领悟→ ________________ /'k mpr 'hen n/n. 理解力; 领悟能力
comprehensive
comprehend
comprehension
7. _____________/'fri: kw ntli/adv. 频繁地; 经常→___________/'fri: kw( )nt/adj. 频繁的; 经常发生的→____________/'fri: kw nsi/n. 发生率; 出现率; 重复率; 频繁
frequently
frequent
frequency
8. ___________ /r 'str kt/vt. 限制; 限定; 束缚→ _____________ /r 'str kt d/adj. 受限制的; 保密的 → ______________ /r s’tr k n/n. 限制规定; 限制法规; 约束
restrict
restricted
restriction
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. along with _____________
和……一起
2. not only…but also… ___________________
不仅……而且……
3. result in _______
导致
4. 对……有影响 ______________________
have an impact on…
5. 参考; 查阅; 指的是 ___________
refer to
6. 陷入……; 被困在…… __________________
be trapped in…
7. 采取行动/措施 _______________________
take action/measures
8. 抓住机会 _______________________
seize an opportunity
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 There is little/no doubt that…毫无疑问……
教材原句 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). 毫无疑问, 地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。
中文例句 毫无疑问, 如果我们不断尝试的话, 我们会成功的。
句式仿写 ________________________we will succeed if we keep trying.
There is no doubt that
2.
句型公式 There is evidence that…有证据表明……
教材原句 There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. 有充分且全面的证据表明, 气温上升导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加, 不仅造成严重破坏, 还造成人员死亡。
中文例句 有充分的证据表明, 吃太多甜食对牙齿不好。
句式仿写 ________________________________eating too much dessert is bad for your teeth.
There is strong evidence that
3.
句型公式 现在分词作结果状语
教材原句 Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. 大气层中的温室气体如甲烷和二氧化碳困住了部分热量, 使地球气候温暖、适宜居住。
中文例句 2008年中国发生了一场可怕的地震, 造成了成千上万的人死亡。
句式仿写 A terrible earthquake happened in China in 2008,________________________________.
causing thousands of deaths
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1. Reading for the main idea.
What’s the main idea of the text ( )
A. It is high time that the world should focus on climate change.
B. Results caused by the rise in temperature.
C. How global warming has come about.
D. Measures to deal with global warming.
A
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the following blanks with proper words.
Para. 1 The introduction of the topic A 1._______________change in the global climate
Para. 2 A news photo of a dead polar bear ●The reason for its death:2._______________
●Global warming affected Earth’s ecology.
dramatic
starvation
Para. 3 Causes of the increase in temperature ●The “natural” greenhouse effect: keeping Earth’s climate warm and 3.__________
●The “man-made” greenhouse effect: producing huge amounts of 4.________ greenhouse gases
habitable
extra
续表
Para. 4 5.________________of the rise in temperature ●An increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide
●Serious damage, deaths and 6._____________________
Results
economic losses
Para. 5 Measures to deal with global warming ●Governments need to make policies and take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
●7._________________restrict the amount of carbon dioxide their lifestyles produce.
●Educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and 8.________________.
Individuals
impacts
续表
Reading for the details.
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph of the text ( )
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To show the evidence of climate change.
C. To tell us climate change has been known for decades.
D. To confirm that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
A
2. What do you know about the polar bear found on the island ( )
A. Only bones of the dead body remained.
B. Its skin was seriously injured in a way.
C. It couldn’t adapt to the environment on Svalbard.
D. It died of the effect of climate change.
D
3. How does the “natural” greenhouse effect work
①Greenhouse gases trap some heat.
②Heat is sent back into space.
③Earth’s surface becomes warm.
④The sun gives Earth heat through the atmosphere.( )
A. ④→③→②→① B. ①→③→②→④
C. ②→①→④→③ D. ③→②→④→①
A
4. Why does climate change require the world’s attention ( )
A. The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller.
B. News reports are often broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.
C. Governments can force people to reduce their “carbon footprint”.
D. It is affecting all of us on the planet and if it is left alone, we will pay an even higher price.
D
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1. According to the scientists __________________________, all __________________________________was “skin and bones”.
【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。其中who found its dead body为who引导的_______从句, 修饰先行词_____________; that remained of the polar bear为that引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词______, that不能用which 代替。
【译文】 _______________________________________________________
who found its dead body
that remained of the polar bear
定语
scientists
all
发现该尸体的科学家说, 这只北极熊只剩“皮包骨头”了。
2. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。There is strong and comprehensive evidence是主句, that引导的是_________从句, 解释说明___________的具体内容; not only…but also…连接两个并列的现在分词短语causing serious damage和costing human lives作_______状语。
【译文】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
同位语
evidence
结果
有充分且全面的证据表明, 气温上升导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加, 不仅造成严重破坏, 还造成人员死亡。
3. It is our responsibility _________________________________________________________________________________________________________, because this is the most serious issue _____________________________________.
【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。It为形式主语, to seize…是真正的主语; because引导___________从句, 其中affecting all of us on this planet为现在分词短语作___________, 修饰issue。
【译文】_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts
affecting all of us on this planet
原因状语
后置定语
我们有责任抓住每一个机会, 教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响, 因为这是影响这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. What does the photo of a dead polar bear suggest
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The photo of a dead polar bear suggests that climate change caused by global warming influences Earth’s ecology.
2. What are the two kinds of “greenhouse effect”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The two kinds of “greenhouse effect” are the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.
3. Why is the “natural” greenhouse effect important and necessary
__________________________________________________
It makes it possible for Earth to sustain life.
4. What is the consequence of extra “man-made” greenhouse gas emissions
_____________________________________________________________________________
Extra “man-made” greenhouse gas emissions cause the rise in temperature.
5. What are the results of the rise in temperature
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It results in an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide and causes serious damage, deaths and economic losses.
6. Does the issue require the attention of people all over the world
_________________________________________________________________
Yes, the issue requires the attention of people on the planet.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1. 用have an impact on改写第1句。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The photo of a dead polar bear suggests that climate change caused by global warming has an impact on Earth’s ecology.
2. 用定语从句合并第2、3句
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There are two kinds of “greenhouse effect”, including the “natural” greenhouse effect, which makes it possible for Earth to sustain life, and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.
3. 用定语从句合并第4、5句。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Extra “man-made” greenhouse gas emissions cause the rise in temperature, which results in an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide and causes serious damage, deaths and economic losses.
4. 用be worth+n. 改写第6句。
__________________________________________________________________
This issue is well worth the attention of people on the planet.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The photo of a dead polar bear suggests that climate change caused by global warming has an impact on Earth’s ecology. There are two kinds of “greenhouse effect”, including the “natural” greenhouse effect, which makes it possible for Earth to sustain life, and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. However, extra “man-made” greenhouse gas emissions cause the rise in
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
temperature, which in turn, results in an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. This issue is well worth the attention of people on the planet.
1. starve vi.& vt. （使）挨饿; 饿死
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. 一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从尸体所处的姿势来看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。（教材P26）
典例翻译
① Millions of people starved to death during the war.
_______________________________
战争期间, 数百万人都饿死了。
② The company is starved of funds due to the economic crisis.
_________________________________
这家公司由于经济危机缺乏资金。
③ Tim starved for a laptop, but his parents asked him to earn money and buy one by himself.
_______________________________________________________
蒂姆想要买一台笔记本电脑, 但他的父母让他自己赚钱买。
④ Millions of people are threatened by starvation and diseases each year.
_______________________________________________
每年都有数以百万计的人受到饥饿和疾病的威胁。
归纳拓展
（1）饿死 __________________
缺乏…… ________________
渴望; 急需…… _____________
（2）n. 饥饿; 饿死; 挨饿 _____________
starve to death
be starved of
starve for
starvation
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①He looks forward to the day when no one will die of_____________(starve).
②The department has been starved_____resources.
starvation
of
（2） 完成句子
③他们在沙漠中迷路后饿死了。
They got lost in the desert and___________________.
starved to death
2. refer to指的是; 谈及; 提到; 参考; 查阅
The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. “天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层, 并以短波辐射的形式使地球表面变暖。(教材P26)
典例翻译
① People who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers”.
_____________________________________________
在办公室工作的人通常被称为“白领工作者”。
② Please refer to a dictionary to check the spelling.
_________________________________
请查一下字典看看拼写是否正确。
③ My doctor referred me to a specialist.
_________________________________
我的医生让我去找一位专家诊治。
④ He made a reference to the enormous power of the mass media._______________________________
他论及了大众传媒的巨大力量。
归纳拓展
（1） 把……称为……; 认为……是…… _________________
查字典 ________________________
让某人求助于……; 让某人向……查询_________________
refer to…as…
refer to a dictionary
refer sb. to…
（2） n. 提及; 涉及; 查阅; 参考; 推荐信____________
reference
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①The headmaster spoke at the meeting for nearly an hour without____________(refer) to his notes.
②Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy____________(refer).
referring
reference
（2） 单句写作
③英语被认为是一门世界通用的语言。
__________________________________________________
English is referred to as a universal language.
3. release vt.& n. 排放; 释放; 发布
The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. 热量再以更大的波长被释放回太空。(教材P27)
典例翻译
① Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the ruins.
___________________________________________________
消防员花了两个小时的时间将司机从废墟中救了出来。
② He is releasing an album of love songs.
_________________________
他将发行一张情歌专辑。
③ This is the latest release of the company.
_______________________________
这是这家公司最新发行的产品。
④ Singing a song is a good way to release stress and emotions.
_____________________________________
唱歌是释放压力和发泄情感的好方法。
归纳拓展
（1）将某人从某地释放出来 __________________
发行唱片/电影 ___________________________
释放压力/发泄情感 __________________________
（2）最新发行的产品_____________________
release…from…
release an album/a movie
release stress/emotions
the latest release
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①All of a sudden, the woman burst into tears,____________(release) her emotions.
②With 10,000 balloons___________(release) into the air, the graduation ceremony began.
releasing
released
（2） 单句写作
③他昨天获准出院了。
_______________________________________________
He was released from the hospital yesterday.
4. fuel n. 燃料; 刺激性言行 vt.& vi. 给(交通工具)加油; vt. 增加; 刺激When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly. 当人们由于燃烧化石燃料, 产生大量额外的温室气体时, 更多的热能被困在大气层中, 这导致地表温度迅速上升。(教材P27)
典例翻译
① They ran out of fuel.
___________________
他们用完了燃料。
② The boiler uses solid fuel.
_______________________
这个锅炉烧固体燃料。
③ His remarks simply added fuel to the fire/flames of her rage.
_________________________________
他的话只是给她的愤怒火上浇油。
④ The helicopter was already fueled (up) and ready to go.
_____________________________
直升机已加好油, 准备起飞。
归纳拓展
（1） 固体燃料_____________
耗尽燃料__________________
火上浇油______________________________
solid fuel
run out of fuel
add fuel to the fire/flames
（2） 给(交通工具)加油____________
fuel (up)
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①The plane is fueled_____before setting off.
②Higher salaries helped____________(fuel)inflation(通货膨胀).
up
(to) fuel
（2） 完成句子
③如果老板进来时很生气, 不要告诉他顾客的投诉, 这只会火上浇油。
If the boss is angry when he comes in, don’t tell him about the customers’ complaints,______________________________________________. (定语从句)
which will just add fuel to the fire/flames
5. frequently adv. 频繁地; 经常
In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. 事实上, 有关极端暴雨和热浪导致人员死亡和经济损失的消息常见于新闻报道。(教材P27)
典例翻译
① Our factory has frequent contacts with the neighboring villages.
_______________________________
我们厂和附近的村庄经常来往。
② He is a frequent visitor to this country.
_______________________
他常常访问这个国家。
③ We are concerned about the high frequency of racist attacks in the district.
_____________________________________
我们对该地区种族袭击频发表示关注。
归纳拓展
（1） adj. 频繁的; 经常发生的___________
常客_____________________
frequent
a frequent visitor
（2） n. 发生率; 出现率; 重复率; 频率; 频繁____________
frequency
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①It is said that sandstorms will become________________(frequent) than before as a result of global warming.
②Objects like this turn up at sales with surprising____________(frequent).
more frequent
frequency
（2） 完成句子
③无论演出频率如何, 贝多芬的作品总是能吸引很多人。
_____________________________________, the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.
No matter how frequently performed
6. restrict vt. 限制; 限定; 束缚
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. 作为个人, 我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。(教材P27)
典例翻译
① We restrict the number of students per class to 20.
___________________________________
我们将每个班的学生人数限定为20。
② Having small children tends to restrict your freedom.
___________________________________
有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。
③ The recently released documents imposed/placed a restriction on tobacco.
___________________________________
最近公布的文件对烟草进行了限制。
④ We can go into this place without restriction.
___________________________________
我们可以不受限制地进入这个地方。
归纳拓展
（1） 把……限制在…… _________________
限制某人的自由 __________________________
restrict…to…
restrict one’s freedom
（2） restriction n. 限制规定; 限制法规; 约束
对某事加以限制; 限制…… ________________________________
不受限制 ______________________
impose/place a restriction on
without restriction
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①The city government made a rule that fireworks should be restricted_____public displays only.
②Don’t restrict yourself to_________(make) friends-it will help increase your knowledge.
to
making
（2） 单句写作
③许多学校对于学生的穿着有着非常严格的限制。
________________________________________________________________________
Many schools impose/place a strict restriction on students’ clothes.
7. responsibility n. 责任; 职责; 义务
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 我们有责任抓住每一个机会, 教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响, 因为这是影响这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题。(教材P27)
典例翻译
① It is believed that helping parents do chores can foster children’s sense of responsibility.
_______________________________________________
人们认为帮助父母做家务可以培养孩子的责任感。
② In the 21st century, all nations must take their share of responsibility for the global safety.
_______________________________________________
在21世纪, 所有国家必须承担起全球安全的责任。
③ It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced.
_____________________________
他们有责任确保制度的执行。
④ Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.
_________________________
迈克负责设计全部工程。
归纳拓展
（1） 责任感 ____________________________
对……负责 __________________________
It’s one’s responsibility to do sth. 某人有责任做某事
a sense of responsibility
take responsibility for
（2） responsible adj. 有责任
对……负责_______________________
be responsible for…
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①You should take responsibility______your actions, whether they are intentional or not.
②While it is human nature to be curious, it is our responsibility_____________(respect) others’ privacy.
for
to respect
（2） 单句写作
③你认为谁应该为这起车祸负责
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Who do you suppose should take responsibility for/be responsible for the car accident
8. seize vt. 抓住; 夺取; 控制
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 我们有责任抓住每一个机会, 教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响, 因为这是影响这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题。(教材P27)
典例翻译
① She tried to seize the gun from him.
___________________
她试图夺他的枪。
② We should seize the precious chance.
_______________________________
我们应该抓住这个宝贵的机会。
③ He objected to violence and never wanted to seize power by means of the armed forces.
_____________________________________________
他反对暴力, 从不希望通过武装力量夺取政权。
④ He seized her by the arm.
___________________
他抓住她的胳膊。
⑤ He was seized by curiosity.
_________________
他好奇心顿起。
归纳拓展
从某人手中夺取某物______________________
抓住机会________________________________
夺取政权______________
抓住某人的胳膊_______________________
被(某种情绪)侵袭/突然控制_______________
seize sth. from sb.
seize a chance/an opportunity
seize power
seize sb. by the arm
be seized by
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①The man seized me_____the arm and begged me to bring his son back to life.
②When she saw his face, she was seized_____terror.
by
by
（2） 完成句子
③我们渴望得到更好的教育, 这样我们就能抓住机会拥有一个更光明的未来。
We’re anxious to get a better education so that____________________________________________________ .
we can seize the chance to have a brighter future
1. There is little/no doubt that…毫无疑问……
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). 毫无疑问, 地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。(教材P26)
典例翻译
① There is little doubt that man has had an impact on Earth’s climate.
___________________________________________
毫无疑问, 人类对地球上的气候造成了影响。
② There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.
___________________________________________
他们的足球队能否赢得这场比赛还不能确定。
③ I doubt if/whether he will keep his word.
_____________________________
我不确定他是否会履行诺言。
④ People don’t doubt that the virus can be wiped out.
_______________________________
人们确定这种病毒可以被消灭。
归纳拓展
（1） There is little/no doubt that…中doubt 是名词, that引导_________从句, 说明doubt的具体内容。
同位语
（2） doubt作名词后接同位语从句时, 肯定句中用__________引导, 否定句和疑问句中常用_______引导。
whether
that
（3） doubt作动词后接宾语从句时, 表示“怀疑; 不确定”。当主句为肯定句时, 常用_____或__________引导宾语从句; 当主句为_________或疑问句时, 常用that引导宾语从句。
if
whether
否定句
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①I don’t doubt _______ he can finish the task on time.
②Actually, the officer doubted _____________ his soldiers could refresh themselves in so short a time.
that
if/whether
（2） 完成句子
③毫无疑问, 这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语与外国人交流。
_________________________this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
There is no doubt that
2. 含蓄虚拟语气
Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. 如果没有这个过程, 地球就无法维持生命。(教材P27)
典例翻译
① But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won first prize in the English Writing Competition.
___________________________________________________________________
如果没有我的英语老师的帮助, 我就不会在英语写作竞赛中获得一等奖。
② We lost our way in that small village, otherwise/or we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.
_________________________________________________________
我们在那个小村庄迷路了, 否则我们昨天会游览更多的景点。
③ I would have rung her up but I lost her phone number.
___________________________________________________
我本打算给她打电话的, 但是我弄丢了她的电话号码。
④ If it were to rain, the meeting would be put off.
___________________________
如果下雨, 会议就会推迟。
⑤ If they were here, they would help us.
_____________________________________
如果他们在这里, 他们会帮助我们的。
归纳拓展
（1）很多情况下表示虚拟的假设并不用条件状语从句表示, 而是通过语境或 without, but for , otherwise, or , but 等表示。
（2）虚拟条件句中的虚拟：
从句 主句
对现在情况的虚拟 were/did would/could/might/should+do
对过去情况的虚拟 ①___________ would/could/might/should+have done
对将来情况的虚拟 were to do②____________were/did would/could/might/should+do
had done
should do
学以致用
（1） 完成句子
①没有他的支持, 我们就不会取得现在的成就。
______________________, we wouldn’t be what we are now.
②要不是你的帮助和专业指导, 我们不可能做得这么好。
______________________________________________, we couldn’t have done so brilliantly.
Without his support
But for your help and professional guidance
（2） 句型转换③I couldn’t have got rid of alcohol if you hadn’t helped me. (用含蓄虚拟语气改为简单句)
= ________________________________________________________________.
I couldn’t have got rid of alcohol without/but for your help
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. The ________（图表） shows how house prices have risen since the 1980s.
graph
2. What the experts expect is that 3D printing can reduce fuel use and ____________ （排放）.
emissions
3. With spring around the corner, snow is beginning to _______ （融化）.
melt
4. The way coffee is grown affects the global __________ （生态）.
ecology
5. The Rough Guide to Nepal is a ________________ （全面的） guide to the region.
comprehensive
6. China Today attracts a ____________ （世界各地的） readership and absorbs much attention.
worldwide
7. There is a growing ________（趋势） towards earlier retirement.
trend
8. The concert will be ____________ （播放） live tomorrow evening.
broadcast
9. The _________ （政策） has greatly stimulated work enthusiasm.
policy
10. We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon ____________ （(足迹）.
footprint
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
along with; have an impact on; refer to; be trapped in; deal with; take responsibility for; result in; take measures; not only…but also…; be shocked by
1. We can find that artificial intelligence has already ___________________ our lives in many ways.
had an impact on
2. The report on educational reform _____________ many problems that parents are concerned about.
deals with
3. The public ______________________ the news that the virus could survive for a long time at low temperatures.
was/were shocked by
4. She lost her job during that economic crisis, _____________ her younger sister.
along with
5. The girl never ______________ anything unpleasant to her mother when they were talking.
referred to
6. At midnight we finally rescued the specialists who __________________ the valley.
were trapped in
7. The government has promised to ________________ to help the unemployed.
take measures
8. Many companies closed down in Ireland, _______________ a huge number of job losses.
resulting in
9. After careful surveys, the police concluded that the bus driver should __________________________ the accident.
take responsibility for
10. She was ___________ intelligent ___________ very musical.
not only
but also
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1. __ animals. In 2013, the whole world 2. ____________ (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the rise in temperature, the polar bear seemed 3. ______________(die) from lack of food. According to climate scientists, a key climate process, 4._________ is called the “greenhouse effect”, includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 5. _________(enter) the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface. Greenhouse
on
was shocked
to have died
which
enters
gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, 6. _________ (keep)Earth’s climate warm and habitable. However, the latter has become 7. __ big problem. When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise 8. __________ (quick).
The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 9. ___________ (disaster) worldwide. Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will become 10. _______ (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay
keeping
a
quickly
disasters
worse
more attention to it, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Millions of people will face _____________ (starve) next year as a result of the drought.
starvation
2. The prisoner has served his sentence and ___________________ (release) tomorrow.
will be released
3. The house should be ____________ (habitat) by the new year.
habitable
4. The aim of ______________ (sustain) development is to balance our economic, environmental and social needs.
sustainable
5. His behavior was completely beyond ________________ (comprehensive).
comprehension
6. If a person _____________ (frequent) let you down, you cannot rely on him any longer.
frequently
7. The concert will _______________ (broadcast) live on television and radio.
be broadcast
8. The swimming pool is open to families in the neighborhood without ______________ (restrict).
restriction
Ⅱ. 同义替换
starve for; have an impact on; release; comprehensive; restrict; refer to; sustain; fuel
1. Whatever you do will have an influence on society. ____________________
have an impact on
2. Children are all longing for love and friendship. _______________
starving for
3. By the end of May nearly 100 of an estimated 2,000 political prisoners had been freed . ___________
released
4. If you want to know the usage of the word, you may look it up in a dictionary. ___________
refer to
5. Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle. __________
sustain
6. Research suggests warm colors stimulate our appetites. _______
fuel
7. His complete surveys have provided the statements of how data are collected. ________________
comprehensive
8. Speed is limited to 30 mph in towns. _____________
restricted
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 毫无疑问，汽车尾气排放已经成为一个大问题，尤其是在城市。(There is no doubt that...)
_________________________ car emissions have become a big problem, especially in cities.
There is no doubt that
2. 非常感谢你。如果没有你的帮助，我就不可能成功。（含蓄虚拟语气）
Thank you very much. ______________________________________________.
I wouldn’t have succeeded without your help
3. 这场雪持续了一个星期，导致整个地区交通严重混乱。（非谓语动词作状语）
The snow lasted a week, _________________________________________ in the whole area.
resulting in serious traffic confusion
4. 作为中国公民，保护环境是我们的责任。(it+be+n.+to do sth.)
As Chinese citizens, ________________________________________________________.
it is our responsibility to protect the environment
5. 有明显证据表明，吸烟会导致心脏病。(evidence)
_______________________________ smoking causes heart disease.
There is clear evidence that
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2019浙江] California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San
Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s
and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about ( )
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
A
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了加利福尼亚大树死亡的原因。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章第二段用比较翔实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项符合题意。
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees ( )
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control has left…big trees for resources.” (激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树, 而这些小树会与大树争夺资源)可知, 控制野火的用意是好的, 但是似乎对大树并不好。
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre ( )
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据文章最后一段可知, McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来, 缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项符合题意。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text ( )
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
A
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】 本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是 California、big trees、loss。因此A项是比较合适的题目, 包括了文章的核心信息。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. contribute to捐献；是……的原因之一 2. target v. 把……作为攻击目标 3. aggressive adj. 好斗的；声势浩大的 4. widespread adj. 普遍的；广泛的 5. take sth. into account把……考虑在内 6. drive up抬高；使上升 7. available adj. 可找到的；可获得的
原句：Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. McIntyre说，自20世纪30年代以来，导致该州缺水的最大因素是气温上升和融雪期提前，前者使树木向空气中流失更多水分，后者则使旱季树木的供水减少。
分析：本句为主从复合句。driving up water stress in the state为非谓
难句分析
语动词作后置定语，修饰factors；第一个which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词temperatures；第二个which也引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为snowmelt。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
[2020全国新高考Ⅰ]
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1________. He learned the value and beauty of 2________there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3________happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4________it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5________, the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6________that it was because there weren’t enough trees to
protect them from the 7________. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8________during the daytime. He turned to the 9________department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10_________ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11________young plants in the dry season was 12________for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13________of each sapling （幼树） a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14________rainwater. The water would then drip （滴落） on
the plants below.
Molai 15_________to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. ( )A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。一场水灾使一片有着鸟语花香的湿地变得荒芜，莫莱用了37年的时间植树造林，使这里重新成为动植物的家园。
莫莱在印度的一个小村庄长大，这个村庄坐落在一些湿地附近，那里成为他的第二个家园。
2. ( )A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
A
[解析] 根据句意可知，他很小就认识到了大自然的价值和美丽。
3. ( )A. precious B. interesting
C. disturbing D. awkward
C
[解析] 根据下文可知，洪水造成的破坏使得鸟和蛇的数量减少，这些现象是“令人不安的”。disturbing令人不安的。
4. ( )A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
D
[解析] 根据句意可知，那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏使许多鸟类被迫离开。
5. ( )A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
A
[解析] 根据上文可知，鸟飞走是洪水带来的破坏所造成的负面影响，除此之外，蛇的数量也下降了。此处表示语意上的递进，故选A。
6. ( )A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
B
[解析] 由下文提到的“是因为没有足够的树来保护……”可知，这是他“意识到”的原因。
7. ( )A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
B
[解析] 句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受高温的侵害。
8. ( )A. directions B. partners
C. help D. shelter
D
[解析] 根据上文可知，问题是没有足够的树，那么由此推断，解决这一问题的方式就是种树，这样动物们在白天就可以找到“庇护处”。
9. ( )A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
C
[解析] 上文说莫莱想种树，因此他寻求帮助的部门应该是与此相关的部门。
10. ( )A. rebuilt B. discovered
C. left D. managed
B
[解析] 根据语境可知，莫莱没有放弃，他开始自己去寻找，发现了附近的一个岛屿，并在那里开始种树。
11. ( )A. Decorating B. Observing
C. Watering D. Guarding
C
[解析] 本段说的是莫莱给树浇水的方法，因此water符合语境。water给……浇水。
12. ( )A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
A
[解析] 根据常识可知，在旱季浇灌幼小的植物对男孩一个人来说是艰难的。tough艰难的。
13. ( )A. back B. top C. foot D. side
B
[解析] 根据本段的最后一句可知，植物在下面，因此莫莱建的竹子做成的平台应该在小树的“上面”。
14. ( )A. cool down B. keep off
C. purify D. collect
D
[解析] 莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。
15. ( )A. returned B. learned
C. failed D. continued
D
[解析] 莫莱在接下来的37年里继续植树，他的努力已经使得1，360英亩自然生长的土地成为许多动植物的家园。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. decline v. 减少；衰退 2. seek v. 寻找 3. earthen adj. 土制的；陶制的 4. result in导致
Ⅲ. 语法填空
[2020山东临沂罗庄区高二期末]
Temperatures around the world are rising. Many places 1________________________(experience) extreme weather events such as extreme heat since the start of the new century.
Scientists have shown all that is going to get even 2_____________(bad). They looked at cities in the northern half of the planet. They 3__________________(especial) paid attention to those in the US.
According 4__________simple geography, the cities near Canada
have experienced
worse
especially
to
have cool to mild weather. Those near Mexico 5___________(be) hotter and more humid （潮湿的）. However, things are going to look and feel a lot different in 2080.
Thescientistscreatedaweathermodel 6________________(study) the weather changes in2080. They considered two important points. One was the warming of the planet by 1.5°C to 3°C and 7___________ other was theincreasing greenhouse gas levels. Unluckily, what the scientists found was 8__________________ (surprise)! The cities in the north turned into ones in the south-about 500 9_____________ (mile) south. For example, Washington DC felt
are
to study
the
surprising
miles
like Greenwood, Mississippi, and Missippi felt like Mexico.
That’s bad news for people in the US, 10___________ it’s also bad for people everywhere because we’re all in the same boat.
and
1. ___________________
have experienced
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。科学家们已经证明, 气候只会变得更糟。他们研究了地球北部的城市，主要关注了美国的气候变化。
考查时态。根据下文 since the start of the new century 可知，此处用现在完成时。
2. ________
worse
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。根据上文的even可知，此处用比较级。
3. _____________
especially
[解析] 考查副词。此处需要用副词修饰动词paid。
4. _____
to
[解析] 考查固定搭配。according to…根据……。
5. ______
are
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是一般现在时, 主语Those是复数。
6. ___________
to study
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式表示目的。
7. ______
the
[解析] 考查冠词。根据“They considered two important points.”可知，此处为“one…the other…”结构。
8. _____________
surprising
[解析] 考查形容词。设空处作表语, 表示“令人惊讶的”，用-ing形式。
9. ________
miles
[解析] 考查名词复数。mile是可数名词，前面有500，此处用复数形式。
10. ______
and
[解析] 考查连词。本句是并列复合句，前后两个分句是顺承关系。(共71张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
（直接引语和间接引语）
教材链接
（1）（教材P29） The expert said, “From the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.”
→The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
（2）（教材P29） The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change ”
→The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.
（3）（教材P29） The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction ”
→The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.
（4）（教材P29） “Let’s work together to stop climate change,” the expert said.
→The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.
观察上面句子，每小题中的两个句子中，第一句是 ___________ ；第二句是___________ 。
直接引语
间接引语
要点精析
Ⅰ. 基本概念
直接引用别人的原话，并把它放在引号内, 这叫直接引语；用自己的话来转述别人说的话，并且不能用引号，这叫间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以相互转换。
Ⅱ. 直接引语转换成间接引语时，需要注意以下变化。
1.句子结构的变化
（1）直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时由that引导宾语从句，that也可以省略。
He said, “My father never talks much about the war.”
→He said that his father never talked much about the war.
She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
（2）直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时由if或whether引导宾语从句。大多数情况下if和whether可以互换，但后面有or （not）时，一般只用whether。
He asked me, “Do you like playing football ”
→He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
He asked, “Do you speak English or French？”
→He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
“You have finished the homework, haven’t you ” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework （or not）.
（3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时由相应的特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序。
He asked me, “What do you want to eat tonight ”
→He asked me what I wanted to eat that night.
（4）直接引语是祈使句, 变为间接引语时用ask/tell/order sb. （not） to do sth. 句式。“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children.
→She told/ordered the children not to make any noise.
“Make good use of your time,” he said.
→He told me to make good use of my time.
2. 人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化遵循以下原则。
（1）一随主：直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时要和主句的主语人称保持一致。
She said, “I won’t be frustrated.”
→She said that she wouldn’t be frustrated.
They said, “We’ll go there by bus.”
→They said they would go there by bus.
（2）二随宾：直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语人称保持一致。如果主句没有宾语，也可用第一人称。
He said to Lily, “You must make good use of the chance.”
→He told Lily that she must make good use of the chance.
He said, “You must be careful when you cross the road.”
→He said that I must be careful when I crossed the road.
（3）第三人称不更新：如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，人称不变。
The boss said, “Tom should attend the meeting.”
→The boss said that Tom should attend the meeting.
His mother said to me, “He can’t go to school.”
→His mother said to me that he couldn’t go to school.
3. 时态的变化
（1）直接引语变间接引语时, 如果主句是过去的某种时态, 间接引语在时态方面要作相应的变动, 具体如下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
直接引语 间接引语
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）
过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）
The girl said, “I’m sorry for being late for class.”→The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
He said, “I’m writing a letter to send my greetings to Uncle John.”
→He said that he was writing a letter to send his greetings to Uncle John.
续表
She said, “I have lost the pen my father bought.”
→She said that she had lost the pen her father bought.
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”
→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
（2）直接引语是客观事实或真理，变成间接引语时，从句时态不变。
The teacher said, “Light travels faster than sound.”
→The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
（3）直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不变。
He says, “I am not good at English.”
→He says that he is not good at English.
She will say, “I will do it tomorrow.”
→She will say that she will do it the next day.
（4）直接引语是一般过去时，且有明确的表示过去的时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
My father said to me, “The house was completely transformed in 2017.”
→My father told me that the house was completely transformed in 2017.
4. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this that
时间状语 these those
now then
直接引语 间接引语
时间状语 today that day
toninght that night
this week/morning that week/morning
yesterday the day before
last week the week before
next week the nesxt/following week
tomorrow the next day/the following day
ago before
续表
直接引语 间接引语
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
bring take
续表
She said, “I’ll come this evening.”
→She said that she would go that evening. He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.”→He said that it was ten o’clock then.
He said, “It happened yesterday.”
→He said that it happened the day before.
He asked me, “Will you come to visit me ”
→He asked me whether I would go to visit him.
实战演练
Ⅰ. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1. “I am having breakfast,” he said.
→ ________________________________________
He said that he was having breakfast.
2. Jenny said, “I have finished my homework.”
→ J________________________________________________
enny said that she had finished her homework.
3. “You can come here before eight,” he said.
→ ______________________________________________
He said that I could go there before eight.
4. “Did you read the book last week ” he said.
→ ___________________________________________________________
He asked if/whether I had read the book the week before.
5. He asked me, “How will you get to the party ”
→ ____________________________________________
He asked me how I would get to the party.
6. “Please open the window,” the teacher said to Li Ming.
→ ________________________________________________
The teacher asked Li Ming to open the window.
7. Sophie said, “Facts speak louder than words.”
→ __________________________________________________
Sophie said that facts speak louder than words.
8. She said to me, “They want to decrease the amount of fat they eat.”
→ _______________________________________________________________________
She told me that they wanted to decrease the amount of fat they ate.
9. “You are a doctor, aren’t you ” he said.
→ _________________________________________________
He asked (me) whether I was a doctor (or not).
10. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ ________________________________________________
He told the boys not to make that much noise.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. “I haven’t seen my English teacher these days,” said Mary.
→Mary said that _______________________ English teacher ________days.
she hadn’t seen her
those
2. “How much have we spent on education this year ” she asked her husband.
→She asked her husband how much _________________on education_______year.
they had spent
that
3. “Do you know where she lives ” he asked.
→He asked ____________________where she ________ .
whether/if I knew
lived
4. “Don’t forget to turn off the light,” said our monitor.
→Our monitor told me ________________to turn off the light.
not to forget
5. “I’ll come and see you again this evening, Tom,” he said.
→He told Tom that he ___________and see him again _______evening.
would go
that
6. The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”→The teacher said that where there_____a will, there_____a way.
is
is
7. Mary said, “I came to this place again in 2000.”
→Mary said that she_____________________again in 2000.
went to that place
8. He said, “My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.”
→He said that his washing machine ______ being repaired_______week, so he had to wash his clothes by hand.
was
that
9. Kurt asked, “John, what is your plan for personal growth ”
→Kurt asked John what ______plan for personal growth______ .
his
was
10. “A parents’ meeting will be held in our class next week,” Li Hua said to his parents.
→Li Hua told his parents that a parents’ meeting________ be held in________ class_____________________ week.
would
their
the following/next
Ⅲ. 语法填空
1. Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world 1. _________ (warm) than ever before.
Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 2. _______(they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger 3. _____________ threatens their only home.
warmer
them
that/which
Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice 4.___________________(reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend 5.__________sea ice for their 6.___________ (survive). “Sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 7. ____ scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist.”
a
has been reduced
on/upon
survival
8. __________(melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up, and polar bears have less time 9. __________ (hunt). Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat will be used when the bears are not 10. ___________ (active) hunting.
Melting
to hunt
actively
基础达标练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. My teeth are sensitive _____ sugary food.
to
2. [2019天津改编] You are required ____________ (submit) a final draft of your essay on March 9.
to submit
3. Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we build a _____________ (harmony) society.
harmonious
4. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] There are three books I reread ___________ (annual).
annually
5. I feel honored to deliver a speech here _____ behalf of the whole students of our school.
on
6. The baby ____________ (undergo) a life-saving brain operation last week.
underwent
7. They have been working hard for days in search _____ a better way to solve the problem.
of
8. The researchers are exploring why dinosaurs died ______ suddenly about 65 million years ago.
out
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. The meeting has been, without doubt, one of the most useful we have had so far. （There is no doubt that…）
__________________________________________________________________ we have had so far.
There is no doubt that the meeting has been one of the most useful
2. If the specialist had not encouraged me, I couldn’t have kept my spirits up. （含蓄虚拟语气）
______________________________________________, I couldn’t have kept my spirits up.
Without the encouragement of the specialist
3. They not only presented a musical performance, but also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. （倒装句）
__________________________________________________, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments.
Not only did they present a musical performance
4. Mr Smith made a lot of money, and most of it was spent helping the poor. （“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句）
Mr Smith made a lot of money, ___________________________________________.
most of which was spent helping the poor
5. So many people communicate in English every day, so it is very important to have a good command of English. （with复合结构）
_________________________________________________________, it is very important to have a good command of English.
With so many people communicating in English every day
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 地球日于4月22日举行, 是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。(aim to do)
Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event __________________________________________________________________.
aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection
2. 我支持人们做他们想做的任何事情, 只要他们不打扰别人。（whatever引导名词性从句）
I’m in favor of people doing _____________________ as long as they don’t disturb anyone else.
whatever they want
3. 如果我们不严肃对待环境问题, 地球将会变得越来越糟。(take sth. seriously)
_____________________________________________________, the earth will be worse and worse.
If we don’t take environmental problems seriously
4. 学习英语应该是有趣的, 而不是你反复强迫自己去做的事情。(force sb. to do sth.)
Learning English should be fun-not something that you have to __________________________________ .
force yourself to do repeatedly
5. 我很荣幸能代表我的班级邀请你加入我们保护海豹的行列。(on behalf of)
________________________, I feel it a privilege to invite you to join us in protecting the seals.
On behalf of my class
素养综合练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020江苏苏州中学、第十中学高二下学期期中联考] My school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters from digging, and we all got insect bites, too.
I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration （合作）, and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke
with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant it.
The teacher explained that, after going online to learn about the prairie（北美大草原）, we had made a prairie garden. We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it. We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station.
In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than the fourth grade students.
As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. He interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, he interviewed us, and we explained to him what we had learned through this project.
That night, we watched the news, and there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, those blisters, were worth it. We knew that when we saw the garden every day, but now we knewthat the whole city thought so, too.
1. What seemed to be the TV directors’ initial reaction to the garden ( )
A. They were excited. B. They were surprised.
C. They were worried. D. They were uninterested.
D
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者与同学们在老师的带领下把从北美草原带回来的植物种子种在当地的一块空地上, 现在空地变成了他们的花园, 并且被电视台报道了。虽然非常辛苦, 但他们的付出是值得的。
【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的“The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours.”可以看出, 一开始, 电视台的人认为有很多和作者他们相似的故事, 所以对他们的花园并不感兴趣。
2. What is special about the garden ( )
A. Weeds were allowed to spread naturally.
B. The grass grew faster than common grass.
C. The seeds came from the plants of a prairie.
D. Underground water was used for the plants.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段中的“We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them.”可知, 这个花园的种子来自北美大草原的植物。故C项正确。
3. What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the last paragraph ( )
A. We got blisters on our hands.
B. Our hard work was worthwhile.
C. The garden would be famous.
D. The project would be finished.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】由句式结构可知, 画线词that作knew的宾语, 指代前文所提的事物。结合语境可以看出, that指代前文的“All that work, those blisters, were worth it.”。即“他们的辛苦是值得的”。
4. How did the author feel about the project ( )
A. Annoyed. B. Curious. C. Proud. D. Regretful.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】由文章第一段中的“It was a lot of work but it was all worth it.”以及最后一段中的“All that work, those blisters, were worth it.”均可以看出作者在辛勤付出之后对于劳动成果的自豪感。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. vacant adj. 空着的; 未被占用的 2. accomplish vt. 完成
3. weed v. 除（地面的）杂草 4. interview v. 面试; 采访
5. regretful adj. 后悔的; 失望的; 遗憾的
难句分析
原句：They wanted to know what was special about our particular
garden, since many schools plant it. 他们想知道我们这个花园的特殊之处, 因为许多学校都种植了这样的花园。分析：本句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句; since在此处意为“因为; 由于”, 引导原因状语从句。
Ⅱ. 七选五
[2020湖北部分重点中学高二年级12月联考] Saving energy is half the battle when it comes to protecting the environment and reducing our carbon footprints. 1_________ They will be good for environmental protection and save you some money as well.
Use less electricity. 2_________ There are some cities and countries that have successfully implemented alternative energy sources, but many places are still relying on fossil fuels for energy. You can use less energy or electricity by switching off lights and unplugging appliances that are not being used. You can
C
E
also save energy by using natural light and warmth for longer.
Use less water. 3_________ This will reduce the number of times you need to run the washer and it will ensure efficient use of water. Let the dishes air dry instead of using the washer’s dry cycle to save energy. Take short showers instead of baths. This will reduce the loss of too much warm water and your water heater working overtime.
4_________ Energy Star approved products are products that have been proven to be eco-friendly and will help save the environment, make your home greener, and save you money in the
G
A
long run. You can find many different types of appliances and equipment with Energy Star approval.
Fix problems. Leaky faucets or pipes, cracks in windows and doors, and poor insulation can all cause an increase in water and energy use. To make sure this doesn’t happen, check all your door and window frames and seal them well if needed. A lot of heat can get out through those cracks. Leaky faucets and toilets can add quite a big number to your water bill. 5_________
D
A.Use Energy Star products.
B.Use fewer electrical appliances.
C.There are many things you can do about going green.
D.Handling these issues can help avoid unwanted water bills.
E.Electricity is still mainly supplied by burning fossil fuels.
F.Wash fewer clothes at a time to use water efficiently.
G.Wash clothes or dishes when you have a full load.
1. ____
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。在保护环境和减少碳足迹方面, 节约能源是胜利的一半。
前一句提到了保护环境、减少碳足迹, 下一句则提到有利于环境保护和省钱, 可知本句是在说与环保相关的事情。下一句中的They指代C选项中的many things, C选项的going green和下一句的environmental protection表达一致, 故选C。
2. ____
E
[解析] 由小标题可知, 本段的环保措施是少用电, 结合下文可知, 本句说明了少用电的原因, 故选E。
3. ____
G
[解析] 由小标题可知, 本段的环保措施是少用水, 且后文提到了这将减少你需要运行洗涤器的次数, 并确保水的有效利用, 可知本句是在说明具体的少用水的做法, G项符合语境, 故选G。
4. ____
A
[解析] 由后文可知, 本段提出的环保措施是使用能源之星产品, 因为其已经被证明是环保的产品, A项符合语境, 故选A。
5. ____
D
[解析] 上文提到漏水的水龙头和马桶会让你的水费增加很多, 本句为本段最后一句, 应承接上文说明修好了漏水问题可以节省水费。故选D。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. implement v. 执行; 贯彻; 实施 2. alternative adj. 可供替代的; 非传统的
3. leaky adj. 有漏洞的; 渗漏的 4. insulation n. 隔热; 隔音
Ⅲ. 语法填空
[2021辽宁辽阳高二上期末] A
California burns every year, but 2020 is the worst year. In a study, more than 77,600 fires 1_________________________ (burn) over 2.5 million acres of land so far this year. Unfortunately, the season still has months to run. Over the past decade, the state has spent 2__________ average of ＄3.7 billion a year 3________________ (fight) against fires. Although smaller than this year’s, the 2018 fire season was 4____________________ (particular) destructive, killing 100
have burned/burnt
an
fighting
particularly
people and burning tens of thousands of buildings.
The reason for the burns is a double hit of climate change and development. Pricy housing has pushed people onto 5_______________ (cheap) land close to the wilderness. Meanwhile, climate change is extending the dry season, which stores up fuel for fires.
So 6____________ can be done to prevent the spread of burns Clever designs can help make buildings fight against fires that spread 10 neighboring buildings. 7_________________ (material) such as concrete, adobe or stucco are a better bet than
cheaper
what
Materials
walls in flammable wood, some of 8_____________ promise to hold back the flames for two hours or more. Besides, opening agricultural lands can be a useful measure, too. Australia, which also suffers 9____________ wildfires, has experimented with bunkers （掩体） specially 10________________ (design) to hold back fires for an hour or more.
which
from
designed
1. ____________________
have burned/burnt
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了加利福尼亚州日趋严重的山火问题, 并进一步阐释了山火问题的原因是气候变化和发展的双重打击。作者通过这篇文章来呼吁大家学会与山火共存。
考查动词时态。根据句中“so far”可知本句时态应用现在完成时, 且前面主语fires为复数, 故填have burned/burnt。
2. _____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。an average of意为“平均是……”。故填an。
3. ___________
fighting
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。spend time/money doing sth. 表示“花费时间/金钱做某事”。故填fighting。
4. _______________
particularly
[解析] 考查副词。分析句子可知, 此处应该填副词修饰句中的形容词destructive。故填particularly。
5. __________
cheaper
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。根据句中的Pricy并结合句意可知本处意为“更便宜的”。故填cheaper。
6. _______
what
[解析] 考查疑问代词。分析句子结构可知, 本句是特殊疑问句, 应使用疑问代词what指代防止燃烧蔓延的行为。故填what。
7. ____________
Materials
[解析] 考查名词的数。通过句中对材料的一系列列举“concrete, adobe or stucco”可知句中表述的并非一种材料, 而是多种材料, 故填Materials。
8. ________
which
[解析] 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词Materials, 指物, 故用which, 从句意为“这些材料中的一些有可能抑制火焰长达两个小时或更多”。故填which。
9. _______
from
[解析] 考查介词。固定搭配suffer from…意为“遭受……”。故填from。
10. ___________
designed
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, bunkers和动词design之间为被动关系, 所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。
[2020浙江杭州高二期中] B
Some of you may play Ant Forest, 1_________ game on Alipay. Users collect “energy” to make their “trees” grow. When the “energy” 2_______________ (reach) a certain level, some 3_____________________ (organize) and companies will plant a real tree in a desert area of China. And now it seems that the nation’s efforts to make a greener world have paid 4___________ .
According to a study 5_________________ (publish) in the journal Nature Sustainability, China and India are 6______
a
reaches
organizations
off
published
________ (main) responsible for making Earth greener over the past two decades. The study has found that since 2000 Earth’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers, 7_____________ is an area equal to the total area of the Amazon rainforest. China and India account for one 8_____________ (three) of the increased greening, but contain only 9 percent of the planet’s land area covered in vegetation （植被）. China was the major contributor, adding 25 percent to this increase, 9_________________ India added 6.8 percent. There is no 10_______________ (deny) that
mainly
which
third
while/and
denying
China is one of the most successful countries in greening the desert.
1. ____
a
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国为建设一个绿色世界所做的巨大努力。
考查冠词。此处用不定冠词表泛指, 表示“一、一个”。
2. __________
reaches
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是一般现在时, 主语“energy”是单数, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
3. ________________
organizations
[解析] 考查名词。根据前面的some可知, 此处用名词复数形式。
4. ______
off
[解析] 考查固定搭配。pay off(某行动)取得成功, 带来好结果。
5. ____________
published
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处用过去分词短语作定语, 修饰名词 study, 表被动。
6. _________
mainly
[解析] 考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词responsible。
7. ________
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句, 指代逗号前的内容。
8. ________
third
[解析] 考查序数词。分数表达法：one third三分之一。
9. ____________
while/and
[解析] 考查并列连词。此处用while表示对比; 也可用and表示并列。
10. __________
denying
[解析] 考查固定搭配。There is no denying that…不可否认……。(共117张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
1. __________/ri’st : (r)/vt. 恢复; 使复原; 修复→ ______________/rest 'rei n/n. 恢复; 整修; 修复
restore
restoration
2. _______________/k ns :'vei n/n. 对(环境、文物等)保护; 保持→___________ /k n’s : v/vt. 保存
conservation
conserve
3. _____________/regju’lei n/n. 章程; 规章制度→___________/'regjuleit/v. 调节; 控制
regulation
regulate
4. ___________/di’sp uzl/n. 去掉; 清除; 处理→__________/dis’p uz/vt. 排列; 布置; 安排; 使倾向于
disposal
dispose
5. _____________/in’spek n/n. 检查; 查看; 视察→__________/in’spekt/vt. 检查; 视察 → ____________/in’spekt (r)/n. 检查员; 巡视员
inspection
inspect
inspector
6. ___________/'t l reit/vt. 忍受; 包容; 容许→___________/'t l r nt/adj. 宽容的; 容忍的 →____________/'t l r ns/n. 宽容; 容忍
tolerate
tolerant
tolerance
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1. contribute to ___________________________________
是……的原因之一; 做出贡献; 捐献
2. on board _____________________
在船(火车、飞机)上
3. end up _____________
以……结束
4. dozens of _____________
许多; 很多
5. set up _______
建立
6. carry out _______
实施
7. in effect _________________________
实际上; 有效; 在实施中
8. 对……有影响 ____________________
have an effect on
9. 对……负责 _____________________
be responsible for
10. 去掉; 消除; 解决; 处理 _____________
dispose of
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
教材原句 Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. 之前, 漓江的水质因游客数量的增长遭到了严重破坏, 很多游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。
中文例句 他写了很多小说, 没有一本是受欢迎的。
句式仿写 He wrote a lot of novels,________________________________________.
none of which were/was popular
2.
句型公式 with复合句
教材原句 Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. 更多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中, 加重了水污染的程度。
中文例句 冬天快到了, 该买一些保暖的衣服了。
句式仿写 _____________________, it’s time to buy some warm clothes.
With winter coming
3.
句型公式 It is believed that…人们认为……
教材原句 With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. 有了这些措施, 相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
中文例句 人们认为那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
句式仿写 ______________________the couple have left the country.
It is believed that
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是针对环境问题写一篇报告, 是依据 “Listening and Speaking”的交际功能, 使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实。随着社会的发展, 如何保护环境成为摆在我们人类面前的重要议题。本单元的写作就与此有关, 要求学生能够就此问题写一篇报告, 发表自己的看法。
文本改写
教材原文 REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It attracts millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year. 教材译文
减少漓江水污染
漓江风光如画, 周边风景秀丽迷人, 是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一。它每年吸引着数百万国内外游客。
教材原文 However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects on the river’s water quality. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it. 教材译文
不过, 它作为顶级旅游目的地的名声反而给漓江水质带来了负面影响。本报道就着眼于水污染问题以及已采取的一些应对措施。
续表
教材原文 Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed to the problem too. Kitchens on board were using lots of oil, which was often thrown into the water. 教材译文
之前, 漓江的水质因游客数量的增长遭到了严重破坏, 很多游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。众多的游船也是造成这一问题的原因之一。船上的厨房大量用油, 并且这些油经常被倾倒进水里。
续表
教材原文 The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. In order to feed more people, more chemicals were used to increase crop production. 教材译文
旅游业的增长也意味着当地人口以及工商企业数量迅速增加。更多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中, 加重了水污染的程度。为提高农作物产量, 养活更多的人, 人们使用了更多的化学物质。
续表
教材原文 These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species. Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty. 教材译文
这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题, 导致鱼的种类减少。当地官员担心污染对自然环境的破坏, 认为应采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
续表
教材原文 A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation. The collection and transport of household waste was also improved. Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. 教材译文
一个全面的治理方案启
动, 多措并举, 以解决这些问题。废水处理设施的建立不仅改善了水质, 促进了水资源保护, 也改善了生活垃圾的收集和运
输。许多污染企业被关闭或迁走。
续表
教材原文 The local government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development. New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. Furthermore, the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. 教材译文
当地政府制定了有关工业进一步发展的严格规定, 同时也出台了关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定。此外, 地方当局开始利用媒体传播环保意识, 鼓励人们更多地使用清洁能源。
续表
教材原文 At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses. With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. 教材译文
与此同时, 他们开始定期进行检查, 并对旅游机构的违规行为处以罚款。有了这些措施, 相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
续表
教材原文 In addition, the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. Other initiatives, such as the “River Chief System”, hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution. With such campaigns in effect, China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future. 教材译文
此外, 雄心勃勃的“水十条计划”也正在全国范围解决水污染问题。例如“河长制”等其他方案要求高级官员承担起减少水污染的职责。随着这些运动的开展, 中国的水路正朝着洁净、可持续发展的未来迈进。
请将这篇文章改写成一篇80词左右的关于漓江环境问题的报告。
续表
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1. 堆积 __________
pile up
2. 将……倒入…… _______________
pour…into…
3. 连续不断地 _______________
continuously
4. 采取措施 ________________
take measures
5. 严格的规章制度 _____________________
strict regulations
6. 关于 ____________
regarding
7. 建立 _________
set up
8. 环保意识 __________________________
environmental awareness
9. 传播 _________
spread
10. 实施 ____________
in effect
【句型运用】
1. 过去, 随着工业和旅游业的发展, 漓江水污染十分严重。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In the past, with the development of industry and tourism, water pollution in the Li River was very serious.
2. 垃圾堆积如山, 废水不断倒入河中。
___________________________________________________________________________
Garbage piled up and waste water was poured continuously into the river.
3. 这破坏了自然环境, 导致鱼的种类减少。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
This damaged the natural environment and caused a decrease in the number of fish species.
4. 政府意识到应该采取一些措施来解决这个问题。_______________________________________________________________________________________
The government realized that it should take some measures to deal with this problem.
5. 制定了严格的工业发展法规, 并且通过媒体传播和提高了环保意识。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Strict regulations regarding industrial development were set up and environmental awareness was spread and raised via the media.
6. 随着这些措施的实施, 人们相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With these measures in effect, people believe that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
【句式升级】
1. 将第2句和第3句合并为一个句子。(现在分词短语作状语)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Garbage piled up and waste water was poured continuously into the river, damaging the natural environment and causing a decrease in the number of fish species.
2. 用It is high time that…升级第4句。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The government realized that it was high time that it should take some measures to deal with this problem.
3. 用倒装句升级第5句。(not only…but also…)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Not only were strict regulations regarding industrial development set up but also environmental awareness was spread and raised via the media.
4. 用主语从句升级第6句。(It is believed that…)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With these measures in effect, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
【串句成文】
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In the past, with the development of industry and tourism, water pollution in the Li River was very serious. Garbage piled up and waste water was poured continuously into the river, damaging the natural environment and causing a decrease in the number of fish species. Then, the government realized that it was high time that it should take some measures to deal with this problem.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Not only were strict regulations regarding industrial development set up but also environmental awareness was spread and raised via the media. With these measures in effect, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
实战演练
假如你是高中生李华, 你校的英文报正在进行以“Protecting the Environment” 为主题的征文活动, 请你写一篇文章投稿, 内容要点如下：
1. 目前存在的环境问题;
2. 措施或建议;
3. 对未来的希冀。
注意：1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分范文
With the development of industry and agriculture, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.Vast forests have been cut down and waste water has been poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, the whole ecological balance of nature is changing. The environmental destruction has negative effects on man’s existence. It’s high time that we should take action to cope with environmental problems. For instance, the industrial enterprises should comply with the regulations regarding industrial development.
Besides, public awareness of environmental protection should be spread via the media.We hope that these measures will be effective and bring us a better future.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[解析] 写作指导
体裁、话题 有关“保护环境”的提纲类作文
时态 一般现在时、一般将来时
人称 第一人称、第三人称
要点 1. 目前的环境情况;
2. 描述身边的环境问题并提出建议;
3. 表达自己对未来的希冀。
高级短语及句式
1. cut down 砍倒
2. ecological balance 生态平衡
3. have negative effects on…对……产生消极影响
4. take action 采取行动
5. cope with 处理; 应对
6. for instance 例如
7. comply with 遵守
8. It’s high time that we should take action to cope with environmental problems. 现在是我们采取行动处理环境问题的时候了。(虚拟语气)
核心词汇
1. contribute to 是……的原因之一; 对……做出贡献; 对……捐赠; 为……撰稿
Many tour boats contributed to the problem too. 众多的游船也是造成这一问题的原因之一。(教材P32)
典例翻译
① Smoking contributed to his early death.
___________________________
吸烟是他早逝的原因之一。
② This book contributes little to our understanding of the subject.
___________________________________
此书对我们了解这门学科助益甚少。
③ We contributed ＄5,000 to the earthquake fund.
__________________________________
我们向地震基金捐赠了5,000美元。
④ She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
_______________________________
她给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件。
⑤ Qian Xuesen has made an outstanding contribution to the development of China’s space industry.
_______________________________________________
钱学森为中国航天事业的发展做出了杰出的贡献。
归纳拓展
（1）contribute to 中to 为_______, 后面要跟名词或动名词。表示“导致, 引起”的其他表达还有lead to, result in, bring about等。
（2）把……捐献给……; 给……撰稿______________________
（3）contribution n. 贡献; 捐赠; 稿件
为……做贡献_____________________________________________________
介词
contribute... to...
make a contribution to.../make contributions to...
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The specialist holds the view that good calligraphy works not only give us great enjoyment, but also contribute to___________(reduce) our stress.
reducing
② [2020课标全国Ⅰ] Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely _______________(contribute) to fewer injuries.
contributing
（2） 完成句子
③他对这个项目的成功贡献良多。
He _______________________________________the success of the project.
made a very positive contribution to
2. inspection n. 检查; 查看; 视察
At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses. 与此同时, 他们开始定期进行检查, 并对旅游机构的违规行为处以罚款。(教材P33)
典例翻译
① Engineers carried out a thorough inspection of the water pump.
_______________________________
工程师对水泵进行了彻底检查。
② Make sure you inspect the goods before signing for them.
_________________________________
要确保在签收货物之前进行检验。
③ The inspector was interested in everything related to the school.
_______________________________________
视察员对有关这所学校的一切都感兴趣。
归纳拓展
（1）vt. 检查; 视察__________
（2）n. 检查员; 巡视员____________
inspect
inspector
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
①The head went on a tour of_____________(inspect) of all the classrooms.
②The escalators in the supermarket ________________ (inspect) on a regular basis.
inspection
are inspected
（2） 完成句子
③仔细检查发现发动机有几处故障。
_____________________revealed several faults with the engine.
A close inspection
3. fine vt. 对……处以罚款 n. 罚金; 罚款
At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses. 与此同时, 他们开始定期进行检查, 并对旅游机构的违规行为处以罚款。(教材P33)
典例翻译
① She was fined fifty dollars for speeding.
_________________________
她因超速被罚款50美元。
② You will need to pay a fine of at least 100 yuan if you park your car in the wrong place.
_____________________________________________________
如果你停车停错了地方, 就需要支付至少一百元的罚款。
归纳拓展
（1）因(做)某事对某人处以罚款____________________________
（2）交罚款 _____________
fine sb. for (doing) sth.
pay a fine
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The policy requires that companies that can’t dispose of garbage properly ____________________ (fine).
(should) be fined
② In March, the court fined a merchant ＄7.5 million ______selling fake bags.
for
（2） 单句写作
③我因为闯红灯被罚了100美元。
_______________________________________________
I was fined ＄100 for running the red light.
4. in effect 实际上; 有效; 在实施中
With such campaigns in effect, China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future. 随着这些运动的开展, 中国的水路正朝着洁净、可持续发展的未来迈进。(教材P33)
典例翻译
① The two systems may seem different, but in effect, they are almost identical.
_____________________________________________________________
这两种系统可能看起来有所差别, 但实际上, 它们几乎完全一样。
② The recommendations will soon be put into effect.
_________________________
这些建议即将付诸实施。
③ New controls come into effect next month.
_____________________________
下月开始实施新的管制措施。
④ Modern farming methods can have a negative effect on the environment.___________________________________________
现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成负面影响。
⑤ Many anti-cancer drugs now in use have toxic side effects.
_______________________________________
目前使用的许多抗癌药都有毒性副作用。
归纳拓展
（1）使生效; 实行; 实施_____________________________
（2）生效; 开始实施 ___________________
（3）对……有影响 _______________________
（4）副作用 ______________
bring/put sth. into effect
come into effect
have an effect on...
side effect
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① The ceasefire came _______effect throughout the country at midnight.
into
② These laws are_____effect in twenty states.
in
（2） 单句写作
③新的法律法规在很多方面影响着人们的生活。
______________________________________________________________________________
The new laws and regulations have an effect on people’s life in many ways.
5. tolerate vt. 忍受; 包容; 容许
The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation. 村民们再也无法忍受这种情况了。(教材P34)
典例翻译
① We cannot tolerate the unreasonable request of some European countries.
_______________________________________
我们不能容忍一些欧洲国家的无理要求。
② He can’t tolerate being laughed at in public.
_______________________________
他忍受不了在公共场合被取笑。
③ They need to be tolerant of/towards different points of view.
___________________________
他们需要容忍不同的观点。
④ I’m very grateful for his tolerance of me.
___________________________
我非常感激他对我的包容。
归纳拓展
（1）忍受(做)某事 ________________________
（2）tolerant adj. 容忍的; 宽容的
对……宽容 ____________________________
（3）n. 容忍; 忍受; 宽容____________
tolerate (doing) sth.
be tolerant of/towards...
tolerance
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① People are becoming less tolerant _____________smoking in public places these days.
of/towards
② My father seldom showed much ____________(tolerate) towards us children.
tolerance
（2） 单句写作
③老师不容许在课堂上吃东西。
_______________________________________________
The teacher cannot tolerate eating in class.
重点句型
1. with的复合结构
Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. 更多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中, 加重了水污染的程度。(教材P32)
典例翻译
① We lay in bed with the window open, chewing gum.
___________________________________
我们开着窗躺在床上, 嚼着口香糖。
② She went out to buy vinegar, with the television on.
_____________________________
她出去买醋了, 电视还开着。
③ The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.
___________________________________
老师走进了教室, 手里拿着一本书。
④ With the exam approaching, it is a good idea to review your class notes.
___________________________________________________
随着考试的临近, 复习你的课堂笔记是个很好的主意。
⑤ With all the things she needed to bought, she went home happily.
_____________________________________________
所有需要的东西都买了, 她高高兴兴地回了家。
⑥ With a lot of work to do, I can’t go to the concert with you tonight.
_____________________________________________________
因为有很多工作要做, 今天晚上我不能和你去音乐会了。
归纳拓展
（1）with的复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成, 在句中常作_______或定语, 表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。
（2）其主要的构成形式有：with+名词/代词+形容词; with+名词/代词+ 副词 ; with+名词/代词+___________; with+名词/代词+_____________。
（3）在“with+名词/代词+非谓语动词”结构中, 用_____________表示将来发生的动作, 用___________表示与宾语在逻辑上是主动关系; 用___________表示与宾语在逻辑上是被动关系。
状语
介词短语
非谓语动词
动词不定式
现在分词
过去分词
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ______________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
recognizing
② With his bike _________(steal), he had to walk home.
stolen
（2） 完成句子
③ 由于地面是湿的, 我不得不待在外面。
_____________________, I had to stay outside.
With the floor wet
④ 没有人可以依靠, 我怕我会经历一段艰难的时光。
_________________________, I am afraid I will undergo a tough time.
With no one to rely on
2. 现在分词(短语)作结果状语
These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species. 这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题, 导致鱼的种类减少。(教材P32)
典例翻译
① The forest fire lasted nearly a month, leaving many animals homeless._________________________________________________
森林大火持续了近一个月, 导致很多动物无家可归。
② We hurried to the cinema, only to be told the tickets had been sold out.
_____________________________________________
我们匆忙赶到电影院, 却被告知票已经卖完了。
归纳拓展
（1）_________________作结果状语, 表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果。表示结果的现在分词(短语)通常放在句子末尾, 并用逗号与前面的部分隔开。
（2）___________________作结果状语, 表示意料之外的结果, 常与only搭配使用。
现在分词(短语)
动词不定式(短语)
学以致用
（1） 单句填空
① Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, __________(turn) the old town into a dreamland.
turning
② Tom took a taxi to the airport, only __________ (find) his plane high up in the sky.
to find
（2） 完成句子
③欧洲有80多个国家踢足球, 这使得它成为世界上一项受欢迎的运动。Football is played in more than 80 countries in Europe,________________________________________ .
making it a popular game in the world
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. How do you measure the _________（体积） of a gas
volume
2. His parents always had him weed the garden, carry out the __________ （垃圾） and deliver newspapers.
garbage
3. Education has become a global _____________ （事业）.
enterprise
4. The measures are intended to __________ （恢复） public confidence in the economy.
restore
5. Under the new ______________ （规章制度） spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled.
regulations
6. The safe___________ （处置） of nuclear waste is a major problem, which arouses many countries’ concern.
disposal
7. The___________（运动） was launched to appeal to more people to decrease the use of fossil fuels.
campaign
8. The team has come up with a comprehensive plan to protect the major ____________（水路）.
waterways
9. The next item on the _________ （议程表） is the publicity budget.
agenda
10. She is an environmentalist and has contributed a lot to the local environmental _______________ （保护）.
conservation
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
contribute to; dozens of; in effect; end up; dispose of; carry out; have an effect on; on board; set up; make use of
1. Doing garbage classification in a right way can help _____________ waste, contributing to environmental protection.
dispose of
2. Apart from water power and solar power, people found they also could ______________wind power to create another kind of clean energy.
make use of
3. Beside me were ____________red roses and a box of candy.
dozens of
4. As for me, I agree with the opinion that learning should not _________with graduation.
end up
5. The old tax regulations will remain____________until next June.
in effect
6. A small plane crashed into a hillside, killing three passengers ___________ , including a surgeon.
on board
7. The arts ________________ cultural development when people gather together to share their experience.
contribute to
8. A new middle school has been _________ in the village.
set up
9. They will ____________ this experiment, regardless of what happens.
carry out
10. A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but also ___________________ your eating habits.
has an effect on
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
The beautiful Li River is one of the 1. ____________ （famous） tourist destinations, but the 2. ___________ （grow） in tourism has had negative effects on the river’s water quality. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.
Water quality in the Li River had suffered 3. __________ （great） from an increasing volume of tourists, many of 4. __________ frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed 5._____________ the problem too.
most famous
growth
greatly
whom
to
The local population rose rapidly, as well as 6. ____________number of commercial and industrial enterprises. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. To feed more people, more chemicals 7. _________ （use） to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, 8. ___________ （cause） a decrease in the number of fish species.
Finally, a series of urgent steps were taken 9. _______________ （restore） the river’s original beauty. It 10. _______________ （believe） that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
the
were used
causing
to restore
is believed
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. [2020天津] …loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute_____depression and even crimes…
to
2. At first, he refused to admit his mistake, but he ended up ______________ （apologize） to us.
apologizing
3. A room _____________ （inspect） will take place and you will be responsible for payment for any damage or missing items.
inspection
4. So far, power ____________________ （restore） in most parts that were hit by high winds last night.
has been restored
5. Energy _______________ （conserve） and environmental protection are not only the responsibility of companies but also the duty of every citizen.
conservation
6. Humans have limited ____________ （tolerate） to noise.
tolerance
7. She ____________ （fine） ＄300 and banned from driving for one month.
was fined
8. Favorable policies are _____ effect in order to encourage employees’ professional development.
in
9. Call me if you have any problems ____________ （regard） your work.
regarding
10. Because of the high cost of ____________ （disposal） of these things in landfills, many city governments now have recycling programs.
disposing
Ⅱ. 同义替换
tolerate; dozens of; conservation; garbage; in effect; contribute to; address; regard
1. She has said nothing about your request. ____________
regarding
2. Medical negligence was said to have led to her death. _________________
contributed to
3. A number of people have been injured and many vehicles set on fire. ____________
Dozens of
4. Your essay does not solve the real issues. __________
address
5. Can you take out the rubbish when you go __________
garbage
6. Wildlife protection has been a hot topic in recent years. _______________
conservation
7. There is a limit to what one person can stand. ___________
tolerate
8. In fact, his wife has run the company for the past six months. ____________
In effect
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 人们认为老字号应该受到保护。（it作形式主语）
______________________ time-honored brands should be preserved.
It is believed that
2. 随着暑假的临近，每个人似乎都在忙着做假期计划。（with复合结构）
_______________________________________ , it seems that everybody is busy making holiday plans.
With the summer holidays approaching
3. 6G的速度将超过每秒125GB，使得新一代的虚拟现实技术成为可能。（非谓语动词作状语）
The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, _______________ a new generation of virtual reality.
allowing for
4. 这是会上提出的一些问题, 其中大部分是关于教育和健康的。（介词+关系代词）
Here are some problems put up at the meeting, _______________________________________________ .
most of which are about education and health
5. 当你受邀到朋友家做客时, 请尽量表现得体。（状语从句的省略）
Please try to behave yourself ___________________________________ .
when invited to a friend’s home
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020课标全国Ⅰ] The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shownto be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further-changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,
even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.
The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed
in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about ( )
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
D
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色植物对人类社会的积极作用以及新开发的植物的不寻常的功能，重点介绍了发光植物对生活照明的影响。
【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的“A study conducted…decorated with houseplants.”可知, 在俄亥俄州进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工工作的场所有植物时，他们的工作效率会提高15%，由此可知，第一段主要说的是绿色植物的益处。故选D。
2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers？( )
A. To detect plants’ lack of water.
B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
A
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“These include plants…short of water…”可知，叶子上的传感器是用来显示植物什么时候缺水的。
3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future ( )
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“The technology,…self-powered street lamps.”可知，新技术能够让植物为房间提供照明。又根据最后一段最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可知，发光植物可以避免远距离输电带来的损耗，从而节省能源。
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text ( )
A. Can we grow more glowing plants
B. How do we live with glowing plants
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free
C
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】本文在介绍植物积极作用的过程中重点介绍了发光植物对生活照明的影响，预测发光植物有可能取代灯，达到节约能源的效果。故C项最适合做文章标题。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. crime n. 罪；罪行 2. function n. 功能 3. engineer v. 设计制造；改变……的基因（或遗传）结构 4. latest adj. 最新的；最近的 5. faint adj. 微弱的 6. one-off adj. 一次性的 7. account for是……的说明或原因；解释；（数量上、比例上）占 8. remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
难句分析
原句：In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. 未来，这个团队希望开发一次性喷雾的技术，对叶子进行处理，使它在生命周期内持续地发光。
分析：这是一个主从复合句。the team hopes to develop a version of the technology为主句，第一个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词technology，第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词treatment。
Ⅱ. 七选五
[2020山东省实验中学高二检测] The increasing environmental problems and the need for eco-friendly products and services are creating a new job section of green-collar jobs.1._________It is expected that by 2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be green-collar jobs. Doesn’t the data look promising for the future 2._________ And the jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental managers to gardeners. For example, many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have an negative effect on the environment which can later become a serious danger to mankind.
G
D
3._________ The increasing demand for new resources has created the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs. In addition, in order to meet the increasing demand for environment-friendly equipment, both green product designers and educated and trained workers are needed. Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers.
4._________The Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter. Nowadays,
F
A
different kinds of jobs are being posted online. Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and recycling of waste management. Check regularly and find the right work for yourself. 5._________
E
A.Where can you find green-collar jobs
B.People who take green careers will be well paid.
C.Forget the blue-collar and white-collar categories.
D.Green-collar jobs have become a bright career chance for all.
E.People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of
green-collar jobs.
F.As a result, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands in a better way.
G.Many countries of the world have realized the importance and need for energy-saving products and services.
1. ____
G
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了环保事业的未来是光明的，开发新的资源可能创造绿领工作。
空前提到环保问题及相关环保行业的兴起，空后提到预计到2025年发达国家大约有25%的工作将会是绿领工作，说明世界上已有很多国家意识到了节能的重要性，并认识到环保行业的必要性。此处体现的是顺承关系，故选G。products and services 为线索。
2. ____
D
[解析] 此空位于句首，属于段落主题句。本段通过列举一些工作机会说明了绿领工作有前途，D项符合文意。
3. ____
F
[解析] 前面提到许多国家包括美国已经意识到化石燃料对环境有负面影响，后文提到对资源的需求。因此，这里应承上启下，说明由于上面的情况，人们正在探索可替代资源，故选F。
4. ____
A
[解析] 后文讲述互联网无疑是最好的办法，几乎可以找到任何事的信息。因此前面应是问句，问在哪里可以找到绿领工作。故选A。
5. ____
E
[解析] 本段讲的是在哪里可以找到绿领工作，一方面可以在互联网上找，另一方面讲述的是经常看报的人也可以找到各种绿领工作，故选E。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. promising adj. 有希望的；有前途的 2. pop up突然出现 3. demand n. 要求；所需之物 4. ongoing adj. 持续存在的；不断发展的
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Climate change is a fairly clear and easy term. When a location experiences changes in its climate over a period of time, we can 1._________________（technical） say that climate change has occurred. More often the phrase “climate change”2._______________（use） synonymously （同义地） with the 3._____________（term） “global warming” and “greenhouse effect” to describe the warmer temperatures.
It’s 4.___________________（frighten） to think about the results of climate change. Rapid rainfall can be a factor in rising sea levels and floods,
technically
is used
terms
frightening
while increased temperatures and winds can cause droughts, both of 5._____________can wipe out crops, destroy properties and lead to famine.
With most experts 6.________________（agree） that climate change and global warming have already begun, there is no better time 7._______________ （take） action to prevent these processes.
To do this, one of the most important steps we can take is to reduce the amounts of man-made gas we send into the atmosphere.
which
agreeing
to take
Climate change is 8.__________unfortunate by-product （副产
品） of our modern lives, but 9.__________ is not unavoidable. Becoming aware 10.__________ our own energy use and how we contribute to global warming and the greenhouse effect is our first step towards fighting against climate change.
it
of
an
1. ______________
technically
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变暖及我们可以采取的应对措施。
考查副词。空处修饰动词say, 故用副词形式。
2. __________
is used
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态、主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处use作谓语，the phrase与use之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，且结合上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填is used。
3. ________
terms
[解析] 考查名词复数。term指代下文提到的“global warming”和“greenhouse effect”，故用复数形式。
4. ______________
frightening
[解析] 考查形容词。此处考查it is+adj.+to do句型结构，想想气候变化的结果是令人害怕的。故填frightening。
5. ________
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，前面提到的均为物，故填which。
6. ___________
agreeing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，agree作宾语补足语，experts与agree之间为主动关系，故填agreeing。
7. __________
to take
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。there is no better time （for sb.） to do sth. 表示“没有更好的时机去做某事了”。
8. _____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。此处表示气候变化是我们现代生活的一个副产品，表泛指，且unfortunate的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
9. _____
it
[解析] 考查代词。此处指代上文提到的climate change，故填it。
10. _____
of
[解析] 考查介词。be/become aware of…表示“意识到……”。
Ⅳ. 应用文写作
假定你是晨光中学的李津。你校的英文社团正在举办主题为“How can we reduce garbage pollution ”的征文活动。请根据以下提示，用英文写一篇短文进行投稿。
1. 介绍垃圾污染的现状；
2. 提出减少垃圾污染的措施；
3. 谈谈你对减少垃圾污染的看法。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
How can we reduce garbage pollution
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:How can we reduce garbage pollution
The problem of garbage pollution is getting so serious that many cities around the world are now being surrounded by garbage.To solve the problem of garbage pollution, we are supposed to take some effective measures. First, we should sort garbage properly so that it can be treated easily. Besides, reusable garbage should be recycled.In my opinion, only if we work together to reduce garbage pollution can we live in a better environment and leave a more beautiful world for future generations.
[解析] 写作指导
体裁 议论文
时态 一般现在时
人称 以第一人称为主
要点 1. 垃圾污染的现状；
2. 减少垃圾污染的措施, 如垃圾分类等；
3. 自己的看法。
高级短语及句式
1. be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 2. take effective measures采取有效措施 3. sort v. 把……分类；整理
4. In my opinion, only if we work together to reduce garbage pollution can we live in a better environment and leave a more beautiful world for future generations. 我认为，只有我们共同努力减少垃圾污染，我们才能生活在一个更好的环境中，并为子孙后代留下一个更美好的世界。（此句为倒装句）(共61张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Section Ⅳ Expanding Your World
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1. 单词拼写
①. ___________ n. 排放物; 散发物; 排放
emission
②. _______ vi. & vt. (使)融化; 熔化; 软化
melt
③. __________ n. 生态; 生态学
ecology
④. __________ vt. & n. 排放; 释放; 发布
release
⑤. _______ n. 燃料; 刺激性言行
fuel
⑥. ____________ adv. 遍及全球地 adj. 世界各地的; 影响全世界的
worldwide
⑦. ________ n. 趋势; 趋向; 动向
trend
⑧. ____________ vt. & vi. 播送; 广播; 传播 n. 广播节目; 电视节目
broadcast
⑨._________ n. 政策; 方针; 原则
policy
⑩. ________ vt. 抓住; 夺取; 控制
seize
. _________ vi. & vt. 改革; (使)改正; 改造 n. 改革; 变革; 改良
reform
. _________ vt. 经历; 经受(变化、不快等)
underg
. ____________ vt. 使生效; 贯彻; 执行
implement
. ___________ adj. 适度的; 中等的; 温和的 vi. & vt. 缓和; 使适中
moderate
. ___________ adj. 热带的; 来自热带的
tropical
. ________ n. 混乱; 杂乱; 紊乱
chaos
. __________ n. 垃圾; 废物
garbage
. _______ vt. 对……处以罚款
fine
. ___________ n. 运动; 战役 vi. & vt. 参加运动; 领导运动
campaign
. _________ n. 议程表; 议事日程
agenda
2. 拓展单词
① _________ vi. & vt. (使)挨饿; 饿死→ _____________ n. 挨饿; 饥饿; 饿死
starve
starvation
② ____________ adj.适合居住的→ __________ n. (动植物的) 生活环境; 栖息地→ ___________ n. 居民
habitable
habitat
habitant
③ __________ vt. 维持; 遭受; 承受住→ ______________ adj. 可持续的; 合理利用的
sustain
sustainable
④ ________________ adj.全部的; 所有的; 详尽的→ _____________ v.理解; 领悟→ ________________ n. 理解力; 领悟能力
comprehensive
comprehend
comprehension
⑤ _____________adv. 频繁地; 经常→ ___________ adj. 频繁的; 经常发生的→ ____________ n. 发生率; 出现率; 重复率; 频繁
frequently
frequent
frequency
⑥ ___________ vt.限制; 限定; 束缚→ _____________ adj.
受限制的; 保密的→ ______________ n. 限制规定; 限制法规; 约束
restrict
restricted
restriction
⑦ _____________ adj. 和谐的→ __________n. 和谐; 协调; 融洽
harmonious
harmony
⑧ _________ vt. & vi. 提交; 呈递; 屈服→ _____________ n. 屈服; 服从; 提交; 呈递
submit
submission
⑨ _________ adj.每年的; 一年的 n. 年刊; 年鉴→ ___________ adv. 一年一次地
annual
annually
⑩ ____________ adj.敏感的; 善解人意的; 灵敏的→ ________ n. 感觉; 理解力; 判断力 v. 感觉到→ ___________ adj.明智的; 意识到; 理智的
sensitive
sense
sensible
. ____________ vi. & vt. 起源; 发源; 创立→ _________ n. 起源→ ___________ adj. 原来的; 最早的; 起初的
originate
origin
original
. __________ vt. 恢复; 使复原; 修复→ ______________ n. 恢复; 整修; 修复
restore
restoration
. _______________ n. 对(环境、文物等)保护; 保持→ ___________ vt. 保存
conservation
conserve
. _____________ n. 章程; 规章制度→ ___________ v. 调节; 控制
regulation
regulate
. ___________ n. 去掉; 清除; 处理→ __________ vt. 排列; 布置; 安排; 使倾向于
disposal
dispose
. _____________ n. 检查; 查看; 视察→ __________ vt. 检查; 视察→ ____________ n. 检查员; 巡视员
inspection
inspect
inspector
. ___________ vt. 忍受; 包容; 容许→ ___________ adj. 宽容的; 容忍的→ ____________ n. 宽容; 容忍
tolerate
tolerant
tolerance
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. along with _____________
和……一起
2. result in _______
导致
3. on board _____________________
在船(火车、飞机)上
4. end up _____________
以……结束
5. contribute to ___________________________________
是……的原因之一; 做出贡献; 捐献
6. dozens of _____________
许多; 很多
7. in effect _________________________
实际上; 有效; 在实施中
8. make use of _______
利用
9. carry out _______
实施
10. set up _______
建立
11. be shocked by _________________
对……感到震惊
12. 寻找 _______________
in search of
13. 消失; 灭绝; 绝迹__________
die out
14. 对……有影响 ______________________
have an impact on…
15. 参考; 查阅; 指的是 ___________
refer to
16. 采取行动/措施 _______________________
take action/measures
17. 陷入……; 被困在…… __________________
be trapped in…
18. 代表(代替)某人 ___________________
on behalf of sb.
19. 对……负责 _____________________________________________
take responsibility for/be responsible for
20. 处理; 对付 ____________
deal with
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1. 毫无疑问, 地球正在变得越来越暖和。
_________________________________________________________________
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
2. 这一惊人的案例表明了气温升高是如何影响地球生态的。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology.
3. 如果没有这个过程, 地球就无法维持生命。
______________________________________________________
Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.
4. 有充分且全面的证据表明, 气温上升导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加, 不仅造成严重破坏, 还造成人员死亡。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
5. 我们有责任抓住每一个机会, 教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响, 因为这是影响这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
6. 昨天地铁站的混乱是电脑系统故障造成的。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
A breakdown in the computer system was responsible for yesterday’s chaos in the subway station.
7. 之前, 漓江的水质因游客数量的增长遭到了严重破坏, 很多游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
8. 更多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中, 加重了水污染的程度。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. 有了这些措施, 相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
10. 随着这些运动的开展, 中国的水路正朝着洁净、可持续发展的未来迈进。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With such campaigns in effect, China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
1. 结合本单元主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 废气排放导致了我市的空气污染。(emission; contribute to)
2. 为了保护环境, 一场治理空气污染的运动已经开展。(conservation; campaign)
3. 许多污染企业被罚款或关闭。(dozens of; enterprise; fine)
4. 与此同时, 政府部门抓住一切机会, 通过电视和广播等媒体宣传相关的保护政策。(seize an opportunity; policy; broadcast)
5. 随着这些运动的开展, 人们认为我市的环境正朝着洁净、可持续发展的未来迈进。(in effect; It is believed that…; sustainable)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The emission of waste gases contributes to the air pollution in our city. For the conservation of our environment, a campaign against the air pollution has been launched. Dozens of polluting enterprises were fined or closed. At the same time, the local government seized every opportunity to advertise protection policies through the media, such as TV and radio broadcast. With such campaigns in effect, it is believed that the environment in our city is heading towards a clean and sustainable future.
1. submit/s b’m t/v. 提交; 呈递; 屈服。前缀sub-意为“从属; 下面”,-mit为词根, 意为“送”, 所以submit的字面意思为“从下面送上去”, 引申为“提交; 呈递”之意。
2. 前缀sub-源自拉丁介词sub, 意为“under, from under”等, 表示“在下面”的位置或“自下而上”的运动。以sub-为前缀的词还有subtitle, 其结构为sub-(下面)+title (标题; 称号), 故其意为“副标题; 小标题”。
词根-mit 意为“send, cast, let go”, 表示“发送; 放开”。以-mit为词根的词还有 admit, 其结构为 ad-(去)+mit (放开), 故其字面意思为“放行; 放其进来”, 引申为“允许进入”。
1. The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.
对明天做的最好准备就是今天竭尽全力。
2. Nothing can be left except footprints; nothing must be carried away except memories.
除了足迹, 什么都不能留下; 除了回忆, 什么都不要带走。
3. School is my home, and its greening depends on everyone.
学校是我家, 绿化靠大家。
4. In pursuit of a better life, you should embrace green first.
追求更好的生活, 应先拥抱绿色。
5. To protect the environment is to protect ourselves. 保护环境就是保护我们自己
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Data shows that kids and teens who do read _____________ (frequent), compared to infrequent readers, have more books purchased.
frequently
2. Your friend is forgetful and often forgets ____________ (submit) assignments.
to submit
3. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive _____ water temperature.
to
4. A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting ______________ (sustain) development in all countries.
sustainable
5. Only by doing this can our society become more _____________ (harmony) and safer!
harmonious
6. The government has agreed to lift _______________ (restrict) on press freedom.
restrictions
Ⅱ. 同义替换
be starved of; contribute to; have an impact on; refer to; dozens of
1. The report says design faults in both the vessels resulted in the tragedy. _________________
contributed to
2. Changes in technology have had an effect on the way we work. ___________________
had an impact on
3. The department has been lacking substantial resources. __________________
been starved of
4. I always consult a dictionary when I come upon a new word. ___________
refer to
5. On the opposite wall are hanging lots of pictures as well as two maps of China. ____________
dozens of
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 毫无疑问, 这项政策对所有的商业部门来说都将是一个黄金机会。(There is no doubt that…)
_________________________ this policy will be a golden opportunity for all business sectors.
There is no doubt that
2. 他躺在床上, 脸上盖着一张报纸。(with 复合结构)
He lay on the bed, _______________________________________ .
with his face covered by a newspaper
3. 各地的人们到市中心来了, 使得市中心非常拥挤。(非谓语动词作状语)
People from all the corners came to the city center, _________________________ .
making it very crowded
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
[2020广东茂名检测] A 23-year-old British woman has invented a product. She hopes that it will one day take the place of single-use plastic. The new product is made from by-products of the fishing industry and other natural ingredients.
Lucy Hughes created the material, called MarinaTex, for her final-year project at University of Sussex. She continued her research after she left the university.
On November 13, the James Dyson Foundation announced that Hughes was the international winner of the 2019 James Dyson Award.
MarinaTex is edible, and to put it in another way, it can be eaten without danger. Hughes says it is also strong and stable. But unlike plastic, MarinaTex breaks down in four to six weeks under normal conditions and does not pollute the soil.
The inventor said she was concerned about the growing amounts of plastic in the oceans. She noted one report that there would be more plastic than fish in the world’s oceans by the year 2050.
The United Nations estimates that 100 million tons of plastic
waste have already been left in the oceans.
Hughes was also investigating ways to reduce the amount of waste from the fishing industry. “The industry produces an estimated 50 million tons of waste worldwide each year,” UN officials say.
Hughes told Reuters that she was trying to work out how she could use that waste stream and add value to that waste. Examining leftover fish parts from processing helped to give her the idea for a material that was useful and did not harm the environment.
To create a strong material, Hughes added the chitosan mol ecule, which comes from sea creatures like crabs, and agar, a substance
from red algae.
After months of testing, Hughes produced a strong, flexible sheet that format temperatures below 100°C.
Inventor James Dyson said that MarinaTex is “stronger, safer and much more sustainable” than the plastic polyethylene (聚乙烯). It is also easier to break down than other possible replacement products for polyethylene, the material that single-use plastic bags are made of.
Hughes would receive about ＄41,000 in prize money as the first place winner of the James Dyson Award. She told Reuters that she planned to use the money to better develop
the product and work out a strategy for mass production.
1. What does the underlined word “edible” in Paragraph 4 mean
( )
A. Useful. B. Eatable.
C. Replaceable. D. Delicious.
B
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道, 介绍了一名23岁的英国女性发明了一种有望取代一次性塑料的环保产品。
【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词后的“it can be eaten without danger”可知, edible的意思是“可食用的”。
2. What’s true about MarinaTex ( )
A. It is delicious.
B. It is environmentally friendly.
C. It is a type of plastic.
D. It exists for a long time in nature.
B
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的“But unlike plastic, …does not pollute the soil.”可知, 与塑料不同的是, MarinaTex在正常情况下会在四到六周内分解, 不会污染土壤。由此可知, MarinaTex是环保的, 故选B。
3. What helped to give Hughes the idea for MarinaTex ( )
A. Observing the process of fishing.
B. Studying different parts of fish.
C. Checking waste from the fishing industry.
D. Examining leftover fish parts after cooking.
C
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第七段中的“Examining leftover fish parts…did not harm the environment.”可知, 检查加工过程中留下来的鱼的剩余部分帮助她产生了发明 MarinaTex的想法, 故选C。
4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear ( )
A. Entertainment. B. Education.
C. Lifestyle. D. Technology.
D
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】通读全文, 特别是根据第一段中的“A 23-year-old British woman has … take the place of single-use plastic.”可知, 本文主要介绍了一名23岁的英国女性发明了一种有望取代一次性塑料的环保产品, 这属于科技范畴, 因此文章最有可能出现在报纸的科技版块, 故选D。
深度解析
词汇积累
1. by-product n. 副产品 2. ingredient n. 成分; 原料
3. edible adj. 适宜食用的 4. flexible adj. 灵活的; 可弯曲的 5. strategy n. 策略
原句：Examining leftover fish parts from processing helped to give her the idea for a material that was useful and did not harm the environment. 检查加工剩余的鱼肉成分帮助她想出一种有用且不会损害环境的材料。
分析：此句为主从复合句。Examining leftover fish parts from processing为动名词作主语; that引导定语从句, 修饰先行词material。
难句分析
Ⅱ. 七选五
Solutions to Climate Change
There are personal lifestyle changes that you can make and that, to some extent, can help reduce your carbon impact. Not all are right for everybody. But applying just a few of them could make a difference.
Move closer to work.
Transportation is one of the leading sources of greenhouse gas emissions.1._________ One way to dramatically cut transportation fuel needs is to move closer to work,
C
use mass transportation, or switch to walking, cycling or some other modes of transport that do not require anything other than human energy.
Consume less.
2._________ Whether by quitting an automobile or employing a reusable grocery sack, cutting back on consumption results in fewer fossil fuels being burned to extract, produce and ship products around the globe.
3_________
F
A
A potentially simpler and even bigger effect can be produced by doing more with less. Citizens of many developed countries are energy-wasters, whether by speeding in a gas-wasting vehicle or leaving the lights on when not in a room. Similarly, employing more efficient refrigerators, air conditioners and other appliances can cut electricity bills. 4._________ You can turn the lights or your computers off when you leave the office.
Stop cutting down trees.
D
When purchasing wood products, such as furniture or flooring, buy used goods or, failing that, wood proved officially to have been
sustainably harvested. The Amazon rainforest and other forests are more than the lung of the earth. 5._________
E
A.Be energy efficient.
B.Use few electrical appliances.
C.But it doesn’t have to be that way.
D.Such efforts can also be usefully employed at work.
E.They may also be humans’ short-term hope for limiting climate change.
F.The easiest way to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions is
simply to buy less stuff.
G.Citizens spend more money on electricity to power devices when they’re off than when they’re on.
1. ____
C
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些我们在日常生活中可以采取的简单易行的环保措施。这些措施看似微小, 却能为应对气候变化贡献力量。
上一句提到交通运输是温室气体排放的主要来源之一。下一句提到减少交通燃料需求的一个方法是住得离工作地近一点。C项承上启下, 且C项中的that way指代上句内容。
2. ____
F
[解析] 该空对应的小标题是减少消费, 同时又是本段首句。F项点明减少温室气体排放的最简单的方法是少购物, 符合本段的语境。
3. ____
A
[解析] 该空是本段的小标题。本段主要建议我们有效利用能源, 尽可能减少对能源的浪费, 用更少的能源做更多的事。故用A项概括本段的主旨。
4. ____
D
[解析] 上一句介绍了在生活中如何减少对能源的浪费, 该空后则介绍了在办公室里如何减少对能源的浪费。D项承上启下。
5. ____
E
[解析] 上一句提到亚马孙雨林及其他森林不仅仅是地球的肺。E项中的They may also be与上一句中的…are more than相对应, 符合语境, 故选E。
Ⅲ. 读后续写
1. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jack and his wife Tonya were sailing around Africa with their friends Max and Sasha. One day they saw a big fishing boat. It was moving fast.
“Hello!” they shouted. The men on the boat looked at them angrily. Max looked carefully at the boat.
“Something is wrong with their fishing net,” he said. They got nearer to the net.
“What’s that ” said Tonya. “There is something in the net. It’s alive.”
Very slowly they moved nearer.
“I can see it now,” said Tonya. “It’s a killer whale-it’s hurt. There’s blood in the water. How can we help it ”
“I can see it too. It’s a baby but we must be careful,” said Max.
Jack jumped into the water. “I can get the net off its fin (鳍),” he said.
Jack got the net off the baby killer whale. There was a big cut on its fin. It swam away. Suddenly there were other killer whales near the boat.
“Jack!” shouted Tonya. “Get on quickly.” Jack swam to the boat as fast as a fish. “That baby killer whale…I am going to call it Lucky,” he said.
As they moved away, it began to rain harder and harder.
Jack said, “We must get away from the wind. I can see a town over there. Let’s go.”
The town got nearer but the waves got bigger. Suddenly a very big wave hit the boat. “Is everyone OK ” shouted Jack.
“Tonya She’s not in the boat,” said Sasha. “She’s in the water!”They looked into the cold, dark water for hours. “Tonya! Say something, Tonya! Where areyou ” shouted Max.
The wind got stronger and the boat was full of water. Another big wave hit the boat.
“Jack, do you want us all to die ” said Max. “We can’t do any more. Tonya is wearing a life jacket (救生衣) and she can swim very well. Let’s sail to the town.”
Moments later the boat hit a beach. They got off. Max and Sasha slept on the beach. Jack sat near the water, looking at the sea and thinking about Tonya.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
At that time, Tonya was five hundred meters away out in the sea._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:At that time, Tonya was five hundred meters away out in the sea. The waves were big and the wind was strong. Tonya was swimming with great difficulty when she heard something. Ten meters in front was a killer whale with a big fin. It was making noises. Behind it was another whale. “Killer whales eat people. I’m going to die,” thought Tonya. The killer whales came nearer and nearer. Tonya closed her eyes. The next moment she was on the back of a killer whale. It moved towards the beach.
Jack was walking along the beach and suddenly he saw something in the distance.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jack was walking along the beach and suddenly he saw something in the distance. He walked nearer. It was a woman. “Tonya ” he ran and shouted. “Is that you ” cried Jack. “Oh, Tonya! You’re OK!” Jack hugged Tonya tightly. He couldn’t speak! “Max and Sasha ” “OK,” answered Jack. “How lucky we are!” Tonya saw a small fin in the water. It moved slowly to the sea. “It’s waving goodbye,” thought Tonya. “Lucky. Yes, Lucky,” she said quietly to Jack.
[解析] 解题思路
体裁：记叙文
时态：一般过去时
原文核心内容解读：Jack和他的妻子Tonya以及另外两个朋友出海时救了一只小虎鲸。他们在海上碰到了大暴雨, Tonya不幸落水。因天气越来越糟糕, 为了保证其他成员的生命安全, 只能无奈靠岸。
文章脉络
When: one day
Where: in the sea
Who: Jack, Tonya, Max and Sasha
What: They rescued a baby killer whale. They were caught in a storm and Tonya got lost.
写作思路
根据续写部分第一段的开头语“At that time, Tonya was five hundred meters away out in the sea.”可推知, 当Tonya被困在海上时, 她很害怕而且在艰难地往岸边游着。
之前他们救了一只小虎鲸, 因此, 第一段可以描写在Tonya感到无助时, 小虎鲸和它的妈妈来到她的身边救了她。
根据续写部分第二段的开头语“Jack was walking along the beach and suddenly he saw something in the distance.”可推知, 当Jack在沙滩上走着时, 他突然看到了Tonya, 因此第二段可以描写Jack看到妻子后十分开心及他们对小虎鲸的感谢。(共7张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
背景导学
In 2016, a terrible El Ni?o event hit Kim Cobb’s study site, killing 85% of her coral. During her first dive afterward, “I was crying in my mask,” says Cobb. “It’s one thing to read papers about coral bleaching(珊瑚白化), but when it happens to a place where you know every dive like the back of your hand, it’s something different.”
So, she started to do a strict accounting of her personal carbon footprint that she is responsible for emitting(排放), finding that air travel accounted for 85% of her carbon footprint in 2017. She promised that 2018 would be different.
Cobb is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. She started to ask conference and institutional representatives who invited her to speak whether she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the invitation. That approach brought Cobb’s 2018 air travel down by 75%, and she planned to continue the practice.
However, some people disagree with her approach. Some senior scientists told her the “flying less movement” is harmful because it distracts(转移) from the message that global emissions
can only be controlled through collective government action.
Reducing air travel can also be a disproportionate sacrifice for junior scientists, who benefit from networking and sharing their work at conferences. Cobb agrees. “If you’re an early-career researcher and you’re traveling very little, I think it’s hard to build awareness of your work,” she says. “You have to be standing around the coffee break to chat, and you can’t do that if you’re not there.”
It’s the senior scientists like herself who should reduce air travel. That could have the biggest effect on the problem: A study
published online last month calculated that, at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, full professors are responsible for three times as many flight-related emissions as graduate students and postdocs.
1. What made Cobb pay attention to her carbon footprint ( )
A. Coral bleaching she read in papers.
B. Failing to save coral during her dive.
C. The death of the coral in her study site.
D. Her awareness of her too much air travel.
C
2. How is Cobb’s way to reduce carbon footprints ( )
A. Disappointing. B. Satisfying.
C. Modern. D. Time-saving.
B
3. Why do some people oppose Cobb’s approach ( )
A. It prevents senior scientists developing.
B. It brings inconvenience to people in life.
C. It is misleading in solving global emissions.
D. It makes it hard for people to realize climate change.
C