科教科普类—2022届新高考英语二轮复习完形填空6篇（15空）含答案解析

科教科普类—2022届新高考英语二轮复习完形填空（15空）通关训练试题汇编
科教科普类
一、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the word “culture” Do you think of different groups of people across the world with various 1 and clothing What about animals
Sam Williams,executive director of the Macaw(金刚鹦鹉) Recovery Network in Costa Rica, helps to 2 the impact of the decline of macaw populations by taking birds that were born 3 and releasing them into the wild. But this process is very 4 .
"In a cage,you can't 5 them to know where,when and how to find that food, or about trees with good nest sites," Williams told ecologist and writer Carl Safina for the Guardian. In the wild, the parents would be the ones to teach them this important 6 .
This type of knowledge is known as cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be 7 from the older generation to the newer one. For many species,cultural knowledge is necessary for 8 .
Culture helps animals to 9 different habitats.For example,some crows(乌鸦)have learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over. And in other areas, they have learned to do this at intersections so they can 10 get the food when the cars stop at red lights.
Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity, using different tools,taking different 11 routes and using different socializing methods.
These traditions can especially be seen in chimpanzee communities. Cat Hobaiter,who studies chimpanzees in Uganda,said:"It's not just the 12 of populations of chimps that worries me.I find 13 the possibility of losing each population's unique culture. That's permanent.”
Culture isn't just for 14 . Culture is also an important part of life in the wild from using tools to 15 .
1.A.communities B.zones C.traditions D.divisions
2.A.squeeze B.reduce C.wrestle D.delete
3.A.encaged B.enlarged C.encouraged D.ensured
4.A.tentative B.slow C.lame D.abrupt
5.A.elect B.swap C.assess D.train
6.A.brochure B.seminar C.framework D.information
7.A.passed down B.taken up C.followed up D.put together
8.A.management B.survival C.currency D.cooperation
9.A.cater to B.push for C.adapt to D.dive in
10.A.safely B.desperately C.surprisingly D.hopefully
11.A.irrigation B.migration C.suspension D.collision
12.A.loss B.dilemma C.adjustment D.prevention
13.A.enterprising B.flexible C.artificial D.terrifying
14.A.animals B.plants C.humans D.nails
15.A.refreshing B.weeping C.negotiating D.socializing
二、
Artists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there really a(n) 1 between intoxication(醉酒) and inspiration A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people's creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol's well-known effect in 2 executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems. "Sometimes a reduced ability to 3 one's attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks," they write.
The findings raise the question of whether drugs that 4 attention and focus, in particular, stimulants(兴奋剂), would have the opposite effect on creative thinking. 5 , very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual 6 to the drugs. 7 some research has found that while stimulants can 8 test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.
If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more 9 to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be 10 to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is 11 in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by 12 once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you'll have less ability to stop once you start.
Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors 13 that their study findings don't give people 14 to get drunk to "inspire the muse(冥想)" Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society's Research Digest. "We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to 15 . There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects. "
A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.
1.A.attraction B.reservation C.connection D.decoration
2.A.strengthening B.damaging C.maintaining D.assessing
3.A.block B.reduce C.disturb D.control
4.A.remain B.drop C.shift D.increase
5.A.However B.Moreover C.Instead D.Therefore
6.A.additions B.responses C.oppositions D.contrasts
7.A.For example B.On the contrary C.As a result D.On the other hand
8.A.conceal B.execute C.improve D.delete
9.A.vital B.likely C.ideal D.difficult
10.A.attracted B.contributed C.responded D.withdrawn
11.A.responsible B.illegal C.natural D.impossible
12.A.confusion B.ambition C.addiction D.exhaustion
13.A.lower B.monitor C.function D.caution
14.A.sacrifice B.privacy C.appreciation D.license
15.A.priorities B.extremes C.bottom D.affection
三、
Which comes first, happiness or money Are richer people happier And 1 , how do people get richer A recent study could tell you the answer.
The study 2 thousands of teenagers and found that those who felt better about life as young adults 3 to have higher incomes(收入) by the time they 4 29. Those who were happiest earned an average of $8,000 more than those who were the most 5 .
The researchers(研究者), from University College London and the University of Warwick, say that very depressed(沮丧的) teens, no matter how tall or smart they were, earned 10% less than their peers(同龄人), 6 the happier ones earned 7 30% more.
Happier teenagers have an easier time 8 school, college and the job interview, 9 because they always feel better about life. It may also be true that happier people find it easier to make friends, who are often the key to homework help or networking.
A report in June suggested that professional(职业的) respect(尊重) was more important than 10 in terms of workplace happiness. In August scientists announced(宣布) that they had found the 11 for happiness in women. Alas! The same gene(基因) doesn’t appear to have 12 effect on men. And in October researchers in the UK and in the US announced that people who eat seven portions(份) of fruit and vegetables a day report being the happiest.
If it is really true that happier kids 13 being wealthier(更富有) kids, is it necessary for parents to get their kids to do the homework The fact is that no homework will make kids happy but surely hurt their grades(分数). Studies do show, 14 , that more education 15 better-paid jobs, which may give us a deep thought.
1.A.if not B.if so C.if any D.if ever
2.A.looked around B.looked into C.looked out D.looked through
3.A.apologised B.acquired C.attended D.tended
4.A.turned B.grew C.went D.got
5.A.powerful B.confident C.delighted D.depressed
6.A.while B.when C.as D.though
7.A.right now B.up to C.right away D.down to
8.A.getting off B.getting through C.getting out D.getting on
9.A.simply B.just C.chiefly D.only
10.A.jobs B.dollars C.friends D.parents
11.A.gene B.brand C.character D.nature
12.A.the best B.the different C.the same D.the most
13.A.come up B.end up C.take up D.turn up
14.A.first of all B.for all C.at all D.after all
15.A.exists in B.contributes to C.results from D.relies on
四、
The scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, 2 its cork(瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it 3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 6 the monkey always ignored his 7 . Each time it just shook the bottle frantically(疯狂地), with great 8 but without necessarily achieving the 9 result.
Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist instructs. 11 because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts. Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 12 its attention to the 13 movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be 14 by the impulse(冲动) of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to understand this. It is the instance like this that reveals the monkey's some psychology is just like 15 of human beings.
1.A.kept B.replaced C.fed D.caught
2.A.moved B.removed C.discovered D.covered
3.A.happily B.anxiously C.hurriedly D.instantly
4.A.suddenly B.accidentally C.occasionally D.immediately
5.A.as B.when C.what D.until
6.A.But B.When C.Therefore D.However
7.A.directions B.explanations C.designs D.instructions
8.A.effort B.strength C.power D.force
9.A.deserted B.interesting C.energetic D.desired
10.A.what B.how C.why D.which
11.A.Probably B.Hardly C.Simply D.Neatly
12.A.put B.prevent C.pay D.shift
13.A.gesture B.mouth C.hand D.eye
14.A.taken away B.taken off C.taken over D.taken on
15.A.that B.the C.those D.this
五、
Do you want to keep your mind healthy and sharp throughout your life 1 an instrument. A new study found that musicians might have brains that 2 better than their peers well into old age.
Researchers 3 the mental abilities of senior citizens and discovered that musicians performed better at a number of skills. In 4 , they excelled at visual (视觉的) memory tasks. While musicians had 5 verbal (言语的) capabilities to non-musicians, their ability to memorize new words was better. Perhaps most importantly, the musicians' IQ 6 were higher overall than those who spent their lives listening to music 7 performing it.
The experience of musicians also played a role in how 8 their minds were. The younger the musicians began to play their instruments, the better their minds performed at the mental tasks. 9 , the total number of years musicians played instruments throughout their life corresponded with (符合) how strong their brains 10 years later.
The study of 70 older participants, with different musical experience over their lifetimes, provides a 31 between musical activity and mental balance in old age. "The results of this study revealed that 32 with at least 10 years of musical experience had better performance in nonverbal memory, naming, and executive processes in advanced age (高龄) 33 non-musicians."
The study also found that musicians who took the time to 34 in their spare time had even higher-functioning brain capabilities. This finding supports another recent study that reported people who walk regularly maintain healthier brains. With that in mind, perhaps joining a marching band now will make you the smartest person at the 35 home in the future.
1.A Judge from B. Bring about C. Pick up D. Agree on
2.A. fight B. function C. grow D. hold
3.A. surveyed B. detected C. inspected D. tested
4.A. short B. theory C. person D. particular
5.A. similar B. true C. limited D. common
6.A. points B. degrees C. scores D. grades
7.A. other than B. better than C. less than D. rather than
8.A. sharp B. smart C. wide D. deep
9.A. So B. Additionally C. However D. Inclusively
10.A. felt B. rose C. remained D. arrived
11.A. connection B. chance C. stage D. conclusion
12.A. applicants B. interviewers C. researchers D. participants
13.A. devoted to B. relative to C. inferior to D. opposed to
14.A. perform B. exercise C. communicate D. rest
15.A. entertainment B. advertisement C. retirement D. development
六、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ask people to name the world's tallest peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact 1 and many will be not sure.
In 1975, Chinese surveyors 2 that Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) was 8848. 13 meters high. As 3 improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were 4 to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry 5 to what is the world's rooftop.
In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they 6 the height to be 8844. 43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no 7 task. The average air temperature there is -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees 8 than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4 —5 meters thick and hurricane-like 9 blow all the time. Team members were training to 10 the extreme conditions.
In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangma's height is a tall order, 11 huge amounts of money and human resources, But it is worth the 12 . Qomolangma is the perfect 13 for observing crustal (地壳的)movements. And changes to the peak's height could 14 whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.
Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. That's 15 measuring the Qomolangma's height is so significant. Put to good use, it can benefit mankind.
1.A.location B.appearance C.area D.height
2.A.determined B.assumed C.estimated D.admitted
3.A.condition B.technology C.society D.economy
4.A.employed B.expected C.approached D.inspired
5.A.weapons B.vehicles C.instruments D.packages
6.A.changed B.calculated C.extended D.expanded
7.A.glorious B.easy C.admirable D.tough
8.A.colder B.hotter C.higher D.lower
9.A.snows B.rains C.winds D.snowflakes
10.A.cope with B.fight for C.take on D.carry out
11.A.wasting B.spending C.overcoming D.involving
12.A.effort B.loss C.harvest D.achievement
13.A.channel B.window C.solution D.entrance
14.A.measure B.foresee C.indicate D.expose
15.A.where B.how C.why D.whether
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B; 5.D; 6.D; 7.A; 8.B; 9.C; 10.A; 11.B; 12.A; 13.D; 14.C; 15.D
解析： 1.考查名词及语境理解。A.communities社区；B.zones空间；C.traditions传统；D. divisions分支。句意：你认为世界上不同的民族有不同的传统和服装吗？根据前文What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the word "culture"讲到文化可知，此处是讲不同的传统和服装。故选C。
2.考查动词及语境理解。A.squeeze挤压； B.reduce减少；C.wrestle缠绕；D.delete删除。句意：Sam Williams是哥斯达黎加金刚鹦鹉恢复网络的执行主任，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响，方法是将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外。根据下by taking birds that were born 3 and releasing them into the wild."可知，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响。故选B。
3.考查动词及语境理解。A.encaged关进笼子；B.enlarged扩大；C.encouraged鼓励； D.ensured保证。句意：Sam Williams是哥斯达黎加金刚鹦鹉恢复网络的执行主任，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响，方法是将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外。根据下一段的第一句话in a cage, you cant.可知，他是把出生在笼子里的鸟儿放回自然，所以此处选择encaged。故选A。
4.考查形容词及语境理解。A.tentative实验性的；B.slow缓慢的；C.lame瘸的；D.abrupt突然的。句意：但这个过程非常缓慢。根据下文In the wild, the parents would be the ones to teach them this important 6 可知，因为缺乏亲生父母的教导，这个过程非常的困难、非常艰辛，所以此处选择slow。故选B。
5.考查动词及语境理解。A.elect选举； B.swap交换；C.assess评价；D.train训练。句意：在笼子里，你无法训练它们知道在哪里、何时以及如何找到食物，也无法训练它们找到有好的筑巢地点的树。根据空后的"know where, when and how to find that food, or about trees with good nest sites"可知，将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外需要训练。故选D。
6.考查名词及语境理解。A.brochure手册； B.seminar讨论会；C.framework框架； D. information信息。句意：在野外，父母会教给孩子这些重要的信息。此处是指前文提到的"在哪里、何时以及如何找到食物"、"有好的筑巢地点的树"，这些都是信息。故选D。
7.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.passed down传递；B.taken up占据；C.followed up跟随；D.put together组装。句意：文化知识可以从老一辈传给下一代。根据空后的"from the older generation to the newer one"可知，此处是讲文化知识可以从老一辈传给下一代。故选A。
8.考查名词及语境理解。A.management管理；B.survivals生存；C.currency货币； D. cooperation合作。句意：对于许多物种来说，文化知识是生存所必需的。从上文的食物和筑巢中不难推测出，这些知识至关重要以至于没有了它们甚至无法存活的。故选B。
9.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.cater to迎合；B.push for奋力争取；C.adapt to适应； D.dive in潜入。句意：文化帮助动物适应不同的栖息地。根据后文讲乌鸦在不同的地区做出相应的行为来适应环境可知，此处是讲文化帮助动物适应不同的栖息地。故选C。
10.考查副词及语境理解。A.safely安全地； B.desperately不顾一切地；C.surprisingly惊讶地；D.hopefully有希望地。句意：在其他地区，他们已经学会在十字路口这样做，这样当汽车红灯时，他们可以安全地拿到食物。根据前文提到乌鸦把坚果放在路中间是为了让车停下可知，这样就能安全地获得食物。故选A。
11.考查名词及语境理解。A.irrigation灌溉； B.migration迁徙；C.suspension暂停；D.collision碰撞。句意：文化知识的其他重要部分包括群体认同、使用不同的工具、采取不同的迁移路线和使用不同的社交方法。这里讲的动物们的习惯，并且后面有routes，显然会想到迁移路线migration routes。故选B。
12.考查名词及语境理解。A.Ioss损失；B.dilemma窘境；C.adjustment调整； D. prevention阻止。句意：让我担心的不仅仅是黑猩猩数量的减少。下一句话中的losing each population's unique culture暗示了上一句话空格处是loss of populations。此处需要注意前后文的呼应。故选A。
13.考查形容词及语境理解。A.enterprising有事业心的；B.flexible灵活的；C.artificial人造的；D.terrifying令人恐惧的。句意：我发现失去每个民族独特的文化是可怕的。作者发现失去每个民族独特的文化是可怕的。故选D。
14.考查名词及语境理解。A.animals动物； B.plants食物；C.humans，人类；D.nails钉子。句意：文化不仅仅是人类的。空格后一句说，文化也是野生动物的。所以空格前面与之对应应该选择humans。故选C。
15.考查动词及语境理解。A.refreshing更新；B.weeping哭泣；C.negotiating协商； D. socializing社交。句意：从使用工具到社交，文化也是野外生活的重要组成部分。根据前文讲乌鸦使用工具和动物的群体认同（Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity）可知，此处是讲从使用工具到社交。故选D。
二、
答案：1-5.CBDDA; 6-10.BACBA; 11-15.ACDDB
解析：1.attraction吸引;reservation预约;connection联系;decoration装饰。空前说长期以来,艺术家们一直声称酒精和其他药物是激发他们创造力的灵感,因此此处是说醉酒和灵感之间真的有联系吗 故选C项。
2.strengthen加强;damage损害;maintain保持;assess进入。众所周知,酒精会损害人们的执行功能,故选B项。
3.block阻碍;reduce减少;disturb打扰;control控制。上文说酒精会损害人们的执行功能,使人们控制注意力的能力下降,故选D项。
4.remain保持;drop下降;shift转移;increase增加。根据常识可知,兴奋剂属于增加注意力和专注度的药物,故选D项。
5.however;moreover此外;instead相反;therefore因此。空前说这一发现引发了一个问题,空后又说对这个问题的研究很少,前后是转折关系,故选A项。
6.addition增加物;response反应;opposition反对;contrast对比。根据空后举的例子可知,不同的人对药物的反应不同,故选B项。
7.for example例如;on the contrary 反;as a result 结果;on the other hand另一方面。空前说结果可能会因个体对药物的反应而有所不同,空后是对这句话的举例说明,应该用for example 引出所举的例子,故选A项。
8.conceal隐瞒;execute提示;improve提高;delete删除。根据空后"test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect"可知,兴奋剂可以提高不太聪明的人的测试成绩,但对最聪明的人来说,它可能会产生相反的效果,故选C项。
9.vital重要的;likely可能的;ideal理想的;difficult困难的。本文主要讨论的就是酒精和药物与艺术家的创作灵感之间的关系,因此这解释了为什么艺术家更可能对酒精和药物上瘾,be likely to do表示“可能做”,故选B项。
10.attracted吸引;contribute捐献;respond回应;withdraw收回。空前说如果更低的执行功能与更多的创造力联系在一起,这也可以解释为什么艺术家、作家和音乐家似乎更可能上瘾,因此此处是说有创造力的人更容易被药物吸引,以其作为灵感的来源,故选A项。
11.responsible负有责任的;illegal不合法的;natural自然的;impossible不可能的。根据空后的"in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by 12 once they start using"可知此处是说“如果执行功能的下降在一定程度上对他们最初的天赋负责”,故选A项。
12.confusion混乱;ambition抱负;addiction上瘾;exhaustion耗尽。上文说如果更低的执行功能与更多的创造力联系在一起,这也可以解释为什么艺术家、作家和音乐家似乎更可能上瘾,因此如果执行功能的下降在一定程度上对他们最初的天赋负责,那么一旦他们开始接触酒精或药物,这也会使他们更容易受到上瘾的影响,故选G项。
13.lower降低;monitor监控;function运行;caution警告。根据空后的内容可知,下文是研究报告的作者给人们的警告,故选D项。
14.sacrifice牺牲;privacy隐私;appreciation欣赏;license许可。根据空前的"Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors 13 that their study findings don't give people..."可知,研究报告的作者们提醒说,他们的研究结果并没有给人们醉酒的许可(理由),故选D项。
15.priority优先权;extreme极端,极度;bottom底部;affection喜爱。根据下文的"drinking excessively"可知此处指“过度饮酒”,故选B项。
三、
答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A; 5.D; 6.A; 7.B; 8.B; 9.C; 10.A; 11.A; 12.C; 13.B; 14.D; 15.B
解析： 1.考查固定搭配及语境理解。A. not如果不；B. if so如果是这样的话；C. if any若有的话；D. if ever如果有过的话。根据前文Are richer people happier？可知，如果是这样的话，人们怎样才能变得更富有呢？故答案为B。
2.考查动词短语及语境理解。A. looked around到处寻找；B. looked into调查；C. looked out当心D. looked through浏览。根据下文found that those who felt better about life as young adults 3 to have higher incomes（收入） by the time they 4 可知，这是一项调查研究。故答案为B。
3.考查动词及语境理解。A. apologised道歉；B. acquired获得；C attended参加；D. tended倾向。根据下文 to have higher incomes（收入）by the time可知，到他们29岁时，对生活感到幸福的年轻人趋向于收入更高tended to倾向（于）。故答案为D。
4.考查动词及语境理解。A. turned转变，变成；B. grew成长；C. went去；D. go得到。根据下文29可知，到他们29岁时，对生活感到幸福的年轻人趋向于收入更高。表示到29岁时，用turn。故答案为A。
5.考查形容词及语境理解。A. powerful大的；B. confident自信的C. delighted高兴的；D. depressed沮丧的。在下文内容 The researchers from University College London and the University of Warwick, say that very gloomy（沮丧的） teens, no matter how tall or smart they were earned10% less than their peers，捕捉到关键词 gloomy，这里应填 gloomy的同义词。故答案为D。
6.考查连词及语境理解。A. While然而；B. When当时；C.as随着D. though尽管。根据前文 no matter how tall or smart they were ed10% less than their peers可知，然而，快乐的人挣得多达30%。前后为对比关系。故答案为A。
7.考查动词固定搭配及语境理解。A. right now马上；B. up to达到；C right away立刻D. down to下至。根据下文30% more可知，然而，快乐的人挣得多达30%。故答案为B。
8.考查动词短语及语境理解。A. getting off车；B. getting through度过；C. getting out离开，出去；D. getting on进展。根据常识及前文Happier teenagers have an easier time可知，快乐的青少年在学校、大学和工作面试中度过更轻松的时光。故答案为B。
9.考查副词及语境理解。A. simply简单地；B. just仅仅；C. chiefly主要地；D. only只有。主要是因为他们对生活感到更好。故答案为C。
10.考查名词及语境理解。A. job工作；B. dollars美元；C. friends朋友；D. parents父母。六月的份报告表明在职场幸福中，职业尊重比美元更重要。故答案为A。
11.考查名词及语境理解。A. gene基因；B. brand商标；C. character性格；D. nature自然。在下文内容 The same gene（基因）doesn't appear to have 12 effect on men中捕捉到关键词gene。故答案为A。
12.考查固定搭配及语境理解。A. the best最好的；B. the different不同的；C. the same相同的；D. the most最多的。相同的基因在男士身上看起来没有起到相同的作用。故答案为C。
13.考查动词短语及语境理解。A. come up发生；B. end up结束；C take up开始从事；D. turn up出现。如果真的幸福的孩子会以富有的孩子告终。故答案为B。
14.考查固定搭配及语境理解。A. first of all先；B. for all尽管；C.at all根本；D. after all毕竟。毕竟，研究表明接受更多的教育有助于获得更高收入的工作。故答案为D。
15.考查动词短语及语境理解。A. exists in存在于；B. contributes to有助于；C. results from由。引起；D. relies on依靠。根据下文which may give us a deep though可知，毕竟，研究表明接受更多的教育有助于获得更高收入的工作。故答案为B。
四、
答案：1-5 ABBBA 6-10 ADADA 11-15 CDCCA
解析：1.句意: 科学家饲养(keep)了几只猴子, 目的是研究动物心理学。故选A。replace取代; feed喂养; catch抓住。
2.句意: 他拿着一个玻璃瓶, 拔掉(remove)瓶塞, 往瓶里放了两粒花生。故选B。move移动; discover发现; cover覆盖。
3.他把瓶子递给猴子, 猴子焦急地(anxiously)晃动瓶子好一会儿。故选B。happily高兴地; hurriedly匆忙地; instantly立即。
4.只有当花生意外地(accidentally)掉出来时, 猴子才能吃到花生。故选B。suddenly突然地; occasionally偶尔地; immediately立刻地。
5.科学家像之前一样(as), 再次往瓶子里放花生。as像......一样, 故选A。when当......时候; what什么; until直到。
6.但是(But)猴子总是忽略科学家的指导。此处表示转折, 故选A。when当......时候; therefore因此; however然而。
7.上句说科学家向猴子展示只需要把瓶子倒过来花生就可以掉出来。这是他给猴子的指导(instructions)。下文中的instructs也是提示, 故选D。direction方向; explanation解释; design设计。
8.每一次它都疯狂地晃动瓶子, 付出很大的努力(effort), 故选A。strength力气, 长处; power力量, 权力; force力量, 武力。
9.但未必达到想要的(desired)结果, 故选D。deserted被遗弃的; interesting有趣的; energetic精力充沛的。
10.句意: 现在的问题是, 为什么猴子不能够明白科学家指导它做的是什么事情(what)呢 故选A。
11.句意: 这仅仅(simply)是因为它把注意力都放在了花生上。故选C。probably可能; hardly几乎不; neatly整洁地。
12.此处表示"迅速将注意力转移到(shift)科学家的手部动作和瓶子倒过来的方式上"。故选D。put放置; prevent阻止; pay支付。
13.通过上文介绍可知科学家是用手(hand)向猴子演示把瓶子倒过来花生就会掉出来的过程的, 故选C。gesture姿势; mouth嘴; eye眼睛。
14.根据句意应该是食欲占了上风(take over), 故选C。take away拿走; take off脱掉, 起飞; take on呈现, 承担。
15.句意: 正是像这样的例子揭示了猴子的心理与人类的心理相似。that替代上文出现过的名词短语some psychology, 故选A。
五、
答案：1-5 CBDDA 6-10 CDABC 11-15 ADBBC
解析：1. 由前文"Do you want to keep your mind healthy and sharp throughout your life？"和下文介绍的从事音乐相关工作的益处可知，此处指"学习（Pick up）乐器吧"，故选C项。
2. 由下文"higher-functioning brain"可知，音乐家的大脑在老年时期可能比同龄人的大脑运转（function）得更好。故选B项。
3. 由"discovered that musicians performed better at a number of skills"可知，研究人员测试（tested）了老年人的智力，发现音乐家在一些技能上表现更好。故选D项。
4. 此处强调他们擅长视觉记忆任务。in particular"特别地"，故选D项。
5. 由"While"和"their ability to memorize new words was better"可知，音乐家记忆新单词的能力更强，此处是相似（similar）情况下的具体比较。故选A项。
6. 由"higher"可知，此处指音乐家的智商得分（scores）总体上高于那些一生都在听音乐而不是演奏音乐的人。故选C项。
7. 与音乐家相比，非音乐家一生都在听音乐而不是（rather than）演奏音乐。故选D项。
8. 由文章第一句中的"Do you want to keep your mindhealthy and sharp"可知，从事音乐的人的经历也影响了他们思维的敏捷（sharp）程度。故选A项。
9. 由上文可知音乐家越早演奏乐器，他们的大脑在脑力工作中表现越好，additionally 表示进一步的说明。故选B项。
10. 音乐家一生中演奏乐器的总年数与他们多年后大脑保持（remained）的强健程度是一致的，故选C项。
11. 由"between musical activity and mental balance in old age"可知，研究提供了老年人音乐活动和智力平衡之间的联系（connection）。故选A项。
12. 由前文"The study of 70 older participants"可知，此处指有至少10年音乐经验的参与者（participants）。故选D项。
13.本句在介绍有至少10年音乐经验的参与者与非音乐家之间对比的结果。故选B项。
14. 由下文"walk regularly maintain healthier brains"可知，在业余时间进行锻炼（exercise）的从事音乐的老年人的大脑运转更快。故选B项。
15. 由"in the future"可知，老人退休后很可能生活在养老院（retirement home）。故选C项。
六、
答案：1-5.DABAC; 6-10.BBDCA; 11-15.DABCC
解析：解析：1.根据下文的1975年以及2005年对珠峰高度的测量可知, 此处指的是其精确的高度。故选D项。
2.根据下文 As _____ was improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radar and gravity measurement technologies were _____ to get more exact figures. 可知, 之后人们应用了更先进的科技去进行进一步的测量, 由此可知, 此处指的是中国的测量员在1975年确定珠峰的高度是8848.13 米。故选A项。
3.根据下文的satellites, photoelectricity, radar and gravity measurement technologies were _____ to get more exact figures可知, 卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术都属于科技范畴。故选B项。
4.根据空前的satellites, photoelectricity, radar and gravity measurement technologies和空后的to get more exact figures可知, 这些高科技被运用到测量珠峰精确的高度中。故选A项。
5.根据常识可知, 测量珠峰高度是需要设备的, 此处指的是测量员需要携带一些设备登上珠峰。故选C项。
6.根据上文In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as 8848.13 metres以及下文the height to be 8844.43 metres可知, 此处指的是一支中国登山队在2005年计算的珠峰的高度是8844.43米。故选B项。
7.根据下文The average air temperature there is -29 ℃,even four degrees ____ than that in Antarctica. 可知, 那里气温十分低, 因此攀登珠峰并不是一件容易的事。故选B项。
8.根据-29℃和常识可知, 此处表示珠峰的温度比南极洲的温度还要低4摄氏度。故选D项。
9.根据空后的blow可知, 此处表示吹着飓风般的风。故选C项。
10.根据the extreme conditions可知, 此处表示登山队员们针对应对珠峰的极端条件进行训练。故选A项。
11.根据huge amounts of money and human resources可知, 测量珠峰的高度需要投入大量的财力和人力。故选D项。
12.根据下文的If it is put to good use, it can benefit mankind. 可知, 如果好好利用, 它可以造福人类。因而, 这项任务值得努力去做。故选A项。
13.根据下文observing crustal movements可知, 珠峰是观测地壳运动的最佳窗口。故选B项。
14.根据语境和下文的indicator可知, 此处表示珠峰高度的变化表明两个板块是朝着同一方向还是相反方向运动。故选C项。
15.本句在讲述测量珠峰高度的重要性, 此处表示那就是为什么测量珠峰的高度如此重要。故选C项。