中考专题复习——定语从句

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名称 中考专题复习——定语从句
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更新时间 2013-01-03 08:24:04

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课件37张PPT。定语从句一、明确两个定义先行词:指被说明的对象,可以是人或物;可以是地点、原因、时间等;也可以是一件事。
关系代词或副词:是指引导定语从句的关系词。 通常有以下三类:
who, whom, which, that, whose.
when, where, why.
“介词+ which或whom” 请找出下列定语从句中的先行词、引导词及先行词在从句中所充当的成分1. She is the girl whom we are looking for. 指人,在后面句子充当宾语2. I like the book which is about science.指物,在后面句子充当主语3. Shenzhen is the city which I like best.指物,在后面句子充当宾语thatthatthat4. It is the shop where I bought this shoes.指地点状语5. I remembered the day when we met. 指时间状语6. I know the reason why you were late.指原因状语at whichon whichfor which限定性定语从句7. He changed a lot, which surprised me much.指一件事8. I will go home, which makes my mum happy.指一件事非限定性定语从句二、明确考点一般考试会出现在选择题中。所以,只
要掌握了学习方法,可以把复杂语法简
单化学习。三、解题步骤找出先行词。
判断它在后面定语从句所充当的句子成分。
根据不同成分,选择对应的关系代词或副词。四、定语从句类型根据先行词在从句中充当的不同成分,定语
从句可以用成四类:
充当主语或宾语。
充当状语。
介词+which / whom的定语从句。
充当所有格。类型一:充当主语或宾语引导这种定语从句的关系代词有:
that, which, who, whom.定语从句一:先行词充当主语或宾语先行词人who,充当主语引导词whom,充当宾语物which,充当主语which,充当宾语that1 The woman is a teacher.
2 The woman lives next door.The woman who / that lives next door is a teacher. 3 The nurse is kind.
4 People like the nurse. The nurse whom/that people like is kind.who / thatwhom / that5 The computer is expensive.
6 I like the computer.The computer which / that I like is expensive. 7 The dog is black.
8 The dog’s legs were hurt. The dog whose legs were hurt is black.which / thatwhose例子:用who, whom, which或that填空。He is a boy________ is 13.
I like the book _________ I bought yesterday.
He is a boy __________ we like best.
I like the book ___________ is blue.
She is a mother ___________ has two sons.
The cat ____________ is black is lovely. who / that which / that whom / that which / that who / that which / that类型二:充当状语引导这种定语从句的关系副词有:
when, where, why先行词引导词根据在从句中充当不同成分,选择不同引导词时间状语原因状语地点状语whenwhywhere定语从句二:先行词充当状语例子:用when, why, where填空。It is the shop________ we met.
I like the days _________ I stayed for holidays.
That is the reason________ we were sad.
Monday is a day _______ I will be very busy.
New York is a city ______ miracle happens. where when why when where类型三:充当介词宾语引导这种定语从句的关系代词有:
介词+ which
介词+ / whom其中的介词,要根据不同的情况选择相应介词,
一般有on, in, at, for, with, of, from, during.介词 + which / whom 的定语从句先行词引导词人时间、地点、原因等介词+ whom介词+ which例子:用介词 + which / whom填空。at whichIt is the shop________ we met.
I like the days ___________ I stayed with you.
She is the teacher________ I learnt a lot.
Monday is a day _______ I will be very busy.
It is the reason __________ We were late.during which from whom on which for whichwherewhenwhenwhy类型四:先行词充当所有格先行词是所有格时, 不分人或物,全部用whoseI know the man whose father is a teacher.
It is a poor dog whose leg was hurt.
We like the school whose rooms are bright.①I know the man. ②The man’s father is a teacher.①It is a poor dog. ②The dog’s leg was hurt.①We like the school. ②The school’s rooms are bright.五、只能用that的情况一般多用that的情况:I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.I’ve read all the books that are not mine. (1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little, much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。who或which的问句中。
Who is the girl that drove the car?
Which is the book that you bought last week?
(6) 主句以There be 引导时 There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing.
(7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時
She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago.These are the books (that) he bought.
Those are the things and persons that my father told me.(8)当先行词同时有人和物时,都用that.六、不能用that的情况不用that的情况A:I am sure she has something ______ you can borrow.
B:I am sure she has something, _______ you can borrow. 当前后两个句子用逗号隔开时,不可以用that引导后面的定语从句。thatwhich七、用适当的引导词填空The building _____________ windows are bright is our library.
Jack is a boy _____________ is 16.
I’ll remember the time ______________ we stayed together at college.whosewho / thatwhen / during which4. It is the reason _________________
she was sad.
5. Beijing is the city________________
he will go to work.
6. She likes climbing, ____________
makes us surprised.why / for whichwhere / in whichwhich7. Pass me the book ___________ cover
is blue.
8. This is the man ________________
I saw last night.
9. He made a speech _______________
we are interested in.whosewhom / that which 10. She is the woman ___________ job is
about music.
11. Mike is the boy _________ we can
turn to.
12. Mike is the boy ______________
often helps his friends.whose whomwho / that难点解析先行词表示 “人” 的时候,引导词如何选择?注意:Whose 表示所有格时,不分人或物The man _______ is tall and handsome is Mr. Green.
The man _______ hair is white is from the U.S.A.
The man ______ Tom is talking to is my father.who①The man is Mr. Green. ②The man is tall and handsome.whose①The man is from the U.S.A. ② His hair is white.whom①The man is my father. ② Tom is talking to the man.4. The dog ___________ legs are hurt is black.
5. He hasn’t lived in the room _________ windows are
broken.
whose①The dog is black. ② The dog’s legs are hurt.whose① He hasn’t lived in the room.
② The room’s windows are broken.小结1. 定语从句一般出现在选择题, 其解题步骤如下:
A:判断先行词是人还是物。
B:再判断先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或是状语。
C:选对引导词。
2. 一般情况下,定语从句的引导词有八个:
who whom whose which that when where why
其中,when where why 三个可变成“介词+which/whom”
3. 由“介词+whom / which” 引导的定语从句较少考。答案:The boys who are playing football are from Class one.
Mr. Ling whom I want to see is just the boy.
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
I will never forget the day when we met there.
This is the house where I was born.
Do you know the woman whose son saved the boy’s life.
The man whom you met yesterday has gone to H.K.
The book which I borrowed last week is very interesting.
I was looking for a book this morning which I’ve found.