课件73张PPT。外研版
高二年级 (必修5)
Module 1 Introduction
Reading and speakingContents2134Introduction 5SkimmingScanning Detailed ReadingPost ReadingLanguage Points6Introduction Reading and speaking
Read the quotations and answer the questions.A. We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except of course, language.
---Oscar Wilde,
19th century writerB Within a century British and American English speakers will not be able to understand each other.
---Henry Sweet,
19th century linguistC America and England are two countries divided by a common language.
--George Bernard Shaw, 20th century writerD It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.
--Dave Sperling,
founder of Dave’s
ESL Cafe1. What is the topic of the quotations?
The difference between British and American English.
2. Whose opinion is the most optimistic?
Dave Sperling.
3. Whose opinion is the most pessimistic?
Henry Sweet.4. Which ( if any) do you think are funny?
open
5. Which is good news for students of English?
D
6. Can you guess which quotations are from British people?
ATalk about your expectations of the two varieties of English. What do you expect British and
American English to be like?
2. Are you optimistic or pessimistic about
the British and American English?
3. Read the emails and say which
is American and which is British? (point out the reason)Key to the answersThe second writer is American.
Some of the reasons we know are:Check the true statements.People from Hong Kong can understand people from Beijing.
Open
2. People from Shanghai sound the same as people from Xi’an. F3. Chinese characters can be understood by all speakers of Chinese.
4. American English is very different from British English.
5. People from Britain can’t understand people from America.FFTBritish and American EnglishReading and SpeakingRead the titles and the first sentences of each paragraph and find four ways in which British and American English are different.vocabulary
grammar
spelling
pronunciationSkimmingSubject Sentences in parts1-4Part 1:
Part 2:
Part 3:
Part 4:The first and most obvious way is in the vocabularySometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning. There are a few differences in
grammar. The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.Reading carefully and find the differences in vocabulary, grammar and spelling.Scanningthe Differences in Vocabulary (Part 1)
automobilesfreewaysgassubwaycabRead the second part and finish the form.flashlightstand in lineFrench frieschipsthe Differences in Grammar (Part 3)Do you have…?My friend has just arrivedon the team/ weekendWrite to me soon!the Differences in Spelling and Pronunciation (Part 4)centre, colour programmecenter,
color programRead part 5 and finish the form. accents weather forecastersOrganization of the textParagraph One, Two, Three and Four.Paragraph Five, Six and Seven.Could you tell the structure of the whole
passage?1. Which paragraphs tell the ways in which British and American English are different?2. Which paragraphs predict the future of these two varieties?Detailed Reading1. There are ____ differences between American and British varieties of English. A. no B. a few C. lots of Complete the sentences with the correct words or phrases.2. Americans ____ understand what the British are saying. A. sometimes B. usually C. never
3. There are ___ differences between British and American grammar. A. no B. many C. not many4. American spelling is __ British spelling. A. the same way B. simpler than C. harder than
5. For a Londoner, an American accent may be easier to understand than ___. A. a Chinese accent B. some British accents C. a CNN newsreader6. Television and the Internet have made it ___ for the British and Americans to understand each other. A. harder B. easier C. impossibleRead the passage again and complete the following sentences.British and American English are different ____________ (在很多方面).
2. The British queue up; Americans _____________.stand in line in many ways3. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures ____________ (进入) British English.
4. A Londoner _____________________
________________ (做某事有困难) a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.passing into has more difficultyunderstanding Detailed understanding
Read the text carefully again and decide whether the following statements are True (T) of False (F).
The arrival of the first settlers had an effect on the American pronunciation.T2. A Londoner can understand a Scotsman more easily than understand a New Yorker.
3. Monita Rajpal grew up speaking three different languages.
4. It is certain that British English will disappear soon.FFTHow many main varieties of Chinese are there?
In what ways are they different?
Do Chinese people from different regions have problems understanding each other?
What will happen to Chinese in the future?DiscussionPost Reading下面是对课文British and American English内容的简要概括，根据首字母提示填入适当的单词完成短文。British and American English are different. The most o______ difference is in the vocabulary. For example, Americans drive down freeways, w_____ the British drive along motorways. Sometimes the same word has a different meaning, which can be c_________.bvious hileonfusing There are differences in grammar, too: c________ the British sentence “Have you got ...?” with the American sentence “Do you have ...?”. P_________ can also be different. Americans say “on the weekend”, while the British say “at the weekend”.
The other variations in the two v_______ of English are spelling and pronunciation. Americans prefer to s_______ spelling.ompare repositions implifyarieties As for pronunciation, although there are differences, a Briton can still understand an American.
Recently, both varieties of English have become more alike. Satellite TV and the Internet let the British and Americans listen to each other at the f____ of a switch, leading to American words and s________ passing into British English. licktructuresHowever, as English is spoken worldwide there may be more than two varieties in the future. But don’t worry. Users of English will still be able to c___________ with each other and understand each other.ommunicate1. have ... in common (with sb. / sth. )意为“(和……)有共同之处”。如：
The two cultures have a lot in common. 这两种文化具有很多相同之处。
Real friends should have much in common.
真正的朋友应该有很多相同之处。
【拓展】in common with 和……一样Language points【即学即练】根据括号内所给的汉语提示完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. The two games ____ ______ ___ _______ (没有相同之处).
2. __________ ___ _____ _____ ________ (和其他许多国家一样), Britain has experienced major changes over the last 100 years. In common with many other countries have nothing in common 2. make a difference 表示“对……有影响，发生差异，重要”。如：
The sea air has made a difference to her health. 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。
It doesn’t make a difference to me whether you attend the contest or not.你参不参加这个竞赛对我来说都没有什么关系。
【拓展】 make no / some / much difference没有 / 有一些 / 有很大影响词汇扩展：
differ vi.与……不同, 相异; 不同意，
意见相左, 常与from 搭配
different adj. 不同的，相异的，
各种各样的
常用的修饰词有：
very much, quite, entirely, totally【即学即练】根据所给的汉语提示完成
下列句子，每空一词。
1. 这场雨对运动会没有太大影响。
The rain didn’t _____ _____ ________ to the sports meet.
2. 谁赢这场比赛对我来说没有什么区别。
It ______ _____ _ ________ __ ___ who wins the game.doesn’t make a difference to memake much difference 3. get around
请把get around在句子中的含义与其相应的汉语释义配对。
1. My father could get around after the operation.
2. It would take some time for the news to get around.
3. I think we should not get around most of these problems.
a. 回避，逃避，绕过某困难 b. 走动
c. (消息)传开，传出去abc【即学即练】汉译英。
1. 她拄着拐杖四处走动。
2. 他在事故中遇难的消息迅速传开了。
3. 你规避制度是不对的。She gets around with the help of a stick.
News soon got around that he was killed in the accident.
It’s wrong of you to get around the rules.4. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British).
介词也不同: 把美国的on the team, on the weekend与英国的in the team, at the weekend比较一下。compare …to…把......比作 compare … with…把......进行比较
compare notes (with sb)交换意见、观点、看法
compared with (to)“和……比较”，常位于句首或句尾，作状语 If you compare her work with his，you’ll find hers is much better． 要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她好得多。 Compared with (to) drivers in other countries, Americans think they’re good drivers．
同其他国家司机相比，美国人认为他们是不错的。 We saw the play separately and compared notes afterwards． 我们各自看了那出戏，后来交换了意见。扩展：
by comparison相比之下
by comparison with与……相比
By comparison with the lively teenagers, the adults were a joyless lot.
和活泼的年轻人比起来，成年人是没有欢乐的群体。练习：
1) The production of grain rose by 25
____ the first three months of last year.
A. comparing to B. compare with
C. compared to D. to compare with2) When _____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. Compared B. being compared
C. Comparing D. having compared 4. After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.
毕竟, 两个国家境内的发音的差别可能跟两国之间的发音差别一样多。 after all
毕竟;仍然:
We chose to take a plane after all. 我们仍然选择乘飞机。
终究;最终:
It has turned out to be a nice day after all. 天气终于转晴了。2) as much as 意思是“多达……, ……之多”, as … as 中间常接形容词或副词原形, 即 as +adj./adv. +as。
The cost of the trip is as much as 50,000 yuan. 这次旅行的费用高达50,000人民币。
as…as…在否定句中也可将第一个as换成so。
Mike is not so clever as his sister. 迈克不如他姐姐聪明。5. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 伦敦的居民听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人的话要比听懂一个纽约人的话难得多。 have
difficultyin doing sth.with sth.Do you have any difficulty with English? 你英语上有困难吗？
The government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave their villages. 政府很难说服人们离开他们的村庄。干某事有困难SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS认真分析下列句子，并补全所缺内容。
1. 【原句】When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences.(P2)
【译文】当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳讲那句名言———英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族———的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。【分析】
a. 这是一个_________句。
b. When引导的是_________从句。
c. that引导的是_______从句，进一步说明remark的具体内容。
d. divided by a common language是过去分词短语作__________，修饰nations。主从复合时间状语同位语后置定语【仿写】当刘老师说那句话“你一定会成功”时，他显然是在鼓励我。When Mr. Liu made the remark that I was sure to succeed, he was obviously encouraging me. 2. 【原句】But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.(P3)
【译文】但是这也致使许多美式英语单词和结构传入英式英语，以至于现在一些人认为英式英语要消失了。【分析】
a. 这是一个主从复合句。主句的结构为：主语（it）+谓语（has led to）+宾语（lots of American words and structures）+ ___________（passing into British English）。
b. so that引导的是_________从句。
c. that引导的从句作动词_______的宾语。宾语补足语结果状语believed. d. lead to引起，导致，其中to是介词，后须跟名词、代词或___________。
【仿写】这已使得人们认为减肥的唯一方法是上这类节目。动词ing形式This has led to people believing the
only way they can lose weight is to appear on one of these shows.3. 【原句】 However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents — American, British, Australian, and even Spanish.(P3)
【译文】然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员操着不同的口音———美国的，英国的，澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。【分析】
a. 这是一个_________句。
b. if引导的是_________从句。在从句中，the American TV network作CNN的同位语。
c. find sb. doing sth. 发觉/发现某人正在做某事，强调do的动作正在进行。主从复合条件状语d. 破折号后的内容作_______，解释说明different accents的具体内容。
【仿写】如果你是他们的老师，你会发现那些学生都在很努力地学习。同位语If you are their teacher, you find the students studying very hard. 根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。 我宁愿去看电影也不愿呆在家里 (prefer
to)
2. 你简直无法想象那个女人抚养她的孩子是多么困难。(have difficulty in doing sth.)I prefer to go to the movies rather than stay at home.You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had (in) bringing up her children.3. 孩子们, 来排好队, 让我们进戏院吧。
(queue up)
4. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下, 你就会发
现她做得要好得多。(compare)Come and queue up, children. Let’s go to the theater.If you compare her work with his / If you compare their work, you’ll find hers is much better.5. 他们的房子和我们的差不多，只是我
们的花园大一些。(be similar to)
6. 客人离开后， 她花了尽可能多的时间
打扫房间。(as much ... as)Their house is similar to ours, but ours has a bigger garden.After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could cleaning the rooms.7. 爱迪生问他的父亲为什么母鸡能下
蛋，而他却不能。(while)
8. 毫无疑问，过量的工作和过少的休息
常常会引起疾病。(lead to)Edison asked his father why hens could lay eggs while he couldn’t.There is no doubt that too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.9. 乘坐公交车在北京旅行很方便。(get
around)
10. 所有证据表明， 最近几年这个问题已
得到改善。(suggest)Getting around by bus is convenient in Beijing.All the evidence suggests that the problem has improved in recent years.Try to collect more words or expressions which are different in British and American English in the 4 ways. (vocabulary, grammar, spelling and pronunciation)Homework
Task of the lesson课件24张PPT。外研版
高二年级 (必修5)
Module 1 Vocabulary
&
Listening
&
Everyday Englishexchange studentsThink about problems exchange students have. Number them in order of importance.1
2
4
3
5
6a. understanding the language
b. getting on with people
c. food
d. different school subject and timetable
e. local customs
f. climateComplete the passage with the words in the box.Hello, and welcome to today’s edition of In the air. As you know, every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of ask exist happen give
live speak talk thinkthe way we (1) ___ now, and today’s topic is the language we (2) _____ ---English. So that’s something which affects us all. The question is, what’s going to(3) ______ to the way we speak English in the future? Are we all going to speak like Americans? Or will British English continue to (4) ____? livespeakhappenexistLater on we’re going to (5) ___ you to phone in and (6) ____ your views on the subject, but first we’re going to (7) ___ to two young people, one American, and one British, who have spent time on an educational exchange in the other’s country. We (8) _____ they will have some interesting ideas on the subject. askgivetalkthinkSamanthaCallumSamanthaCallumListen to the interviews and answer the questions.SamanthaCallumCallumSamanthaListen again and answer the questions.Which part of the country is Samantha staying in?
The north of England (Leeds in Yorkshire).
2. How long did it take her to understand what people were saying?
Two months.3. What did she notice about the pronunciation of words like dance and bath?
They’re the same as in American English.
4. What is the last question the interviewer asked Samantha?
Do you think you’ll go home speaking with a north of England accent?5. How long did Callum spend in the US?
Ten months.
6. What didn’t he like about the place he stayed in?
The climate (hot and humid). 7. What did he say about the way people spoke?
It was easy to understand; they spoke rather slowly.
8. What did girls like about Callum?
His English accent (it was cute).Everyday English Complete the sentences with the correct phrases.How are you getting on? is a question about___. A. Samantha’s health B. what Samantha is doing2. I didn’t get what people were saying means____. A. I didn’t understand it B. I didn’t like it
3. When Samantha got used to the accent she____. A. began to understand it B. used it when she spoke English4. So far means _____. A. for a long time B. until now
5. That’s a good point means____. A. what you say is interesting B. I agree with you
6. The girls in Callum’s school made a fuss of him by__. A. laughing at him B. showing a lot of interest in him7. A cute accent is ____. A. horrible B. attractive
8. A couple of means ____. A. two B. two or three
9. If Callum picked up the local accent he ____. A. started to use it B. wasn’t able to use it10. If Callum’s American accent has worn off, it has___.
A. disappeared B. become very noticeable1. point
1) 要点; 中心思想
He missed the whole point of my speech.
他没弄明白我整个演说的要点。
2) 意义;目的;用途un. (+in/of)
There is no point in complaining.
抱怨没有任何意义。重点单词或短语讲解：2.1) wear off 慢慢消失
My first impressions of the city were
wearing off.
The pain in his back is wearing off.
2) wear out 使疲惫不堪
He was worn out by the hard work.
繁重的工作使他疲惫不堪。
The long wait wore everyone out.3. pick up
举起或抬起某人[某物]; 拿起; 拾起:
He picked up the book from the floor.
他从地板上把书拾起来.
(b) 见到, 听到(尤指藉助仪器):
The equipment picked up the signal
from the satellite.
这设备收到了卫星发出的信号。(c) 通过实践学会(外语、 技术等):
She soon picked up French when she
went to live in France.
她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。
(d) 得, 染(疾病):
pick up an infection, a cold, the flu, (e) 买到某物(尤指价廉或运气好):
She picked up a valuable first edition at a village book sale.
她在乡村图书展销会上买到一本珍贵的首版书。 课件26张PPT。外研版
高二年级 (必修5)
Module 1 Speaking
&
Writing
&
Cultural cornerBritish EnglishAmerican EnglishWorld EnglishSpeaking and writing Read the notes in part 1 and work in groups to decide which is the best variety of English to learn.The Great Debate----Which English? British English (add more information)
The “original” variety of the language
The language of Shakespeare and other
great writers
The BBC and many international
newspapers use itAmerican English
Most native speakers of English use an
American variety.
The variety most used in international
business
Most English language films are
American.World English
neither American nor British
English doesn’t belong to one group of
people. Accent is not important if people
understand each other.
We need to communicate with non-
native speakers as well as native
speakers.Divide the class into 3 groups and debate.Group A:
British English is the best variety to learn.
Group B: American English is the best variety to learn.
Group C:
World English is the best variety to learn. The Origin of Chinese
What is Chinese?
Varieties of Chinese Read the paragraph in Part 3. Decide which is the best title? And Why?Collect information about the 3 topics and write more paragraphs.1. The Writing System
About 50,000 characters/ most people know about 20,000/ elements of meaning and information about pronunciation/2. Varieties of Chinese 8 main varieties/ called dialects/ Wen yan and Baihua/ Putonghua-simplified Chinese
3. The Language Today
Pinyin, a writing system since 1958/ help to use PutonghuaNoah Webster
Born: October 16, 1758
Place: Hartford, Connecticut
Died: May 28, 1848
Place: New Haven, ConnecticutDo you know this man?Cultural cornerNoah Webster was a truly remarkable man, shrewd, passionate, learned and energetic. He was the author of the first American Dictionary.Fast-readingRead quickly and check the answers with deskmates.1. What does the first paragraph talk about?
2. What does it say about the spelling of English?British English is so complicated.The spelling of words does not always represent the sound.3. What’s the relation between the
spelling and the sound in English?
4. Does English spelling always
represent its sound?The spelling of words does not always represent the sound.No, it doesn’t.Read again and answer the following questions.1. What reasons did Webster have for writing an American dictionary?
He wanted to simplify the spelling of English and make it look different from British English. 2. What was his first work?
The Elementary Spelling Book, which suggested simplifying the spelling of English words was extremely popular.1. For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, … 对美国人来说, 事情稍微好办些, 这多亏了一位叫诺亚 · 韦伯的人, ……Language pointsthanks to 由于, 因为;幸亏,多亏
常位于句首, 表感谢或讽刺意味。
Thanks to your help, we finished the
work head of time. 多亏你的帮助, 我们提前完成了任务。
Thanks to the bad weather, the match
had been put off. 多亏这倒霉的天气, 比赛推迟了。 2. due to sth./sb. 某人[某事物]引起的;
由于某人[某事物]
The team’s success was largely due to her efforts. 该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
They arrived late due to the storm. 他们由于风暴而来迟。 3. owing to: 由于;因为
Owing to the rain, the meeting has to be put off. 会议因雨而推迟了。
I couldn’t attend the meeting owing to illness. 我因病不能出席会议。 because of 用在句首或句子后面，表示原因
Because of the heavy rain, the sports meet has been put off.
I came late because of the heavy rain. 4. 短语比较：compare…with…把……和……进行比较
compare…to… 把……比作……
compared …to/ with 与……相比(固定搭配,常作状语)1. Life is often ____________ voyage.
2. _________________ the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
3. He began to ________ himself with the workers in his workshop.compared toCompared to / withcompare5. 单词比较：adopt/adaptadopt
采取; 采纳; 吸收 过继, 收养 (as)
adapt
使适应, 使适合 (to) 改编, 改写 (for)1. After much deliberation, the president decided to ______ her suggestion.
2. The author is going to ______ his play for television.
3. Mr. Kern _____ the orphan as his own son.
4. He tried hard to _____ himself to the new conditions.adoptadaptadoptadapt课件44张PPT。外研版
高二年级 (必修5)
Module 1 Vocabulary & Grammar & FunctionRead, learn and match.apartment autumn elevator fall
first floor flashlight
flat garbage ground floor gas
holiday lift
stand in line lorry pavement petrol queue rubbish sidewalk torch
truck vacationBritish
EnglishAmerican
EnglishKeys:Rewrite the sentences using British words.1. We really like going on vacation in the fall.
We like going on holiday in the autumn very much.
2. You don’t need to take the elevator. Our apartment is on the first floor.
You don’t need to use the lift. Our flat is on the ground floor. 3. Did you see that truck come out of the gas station?
Did you see that lorry come out of the petrol station?
4. Pass me a flashlight, Eddie. I’ve lost my wallet.
Pass me a torch, Eddie. I’ve lost my wallet.Complete the sentences.All languages ______ over a period of time.
English ___________ very rapidly.
How many people _____ Chinese?
I ___________American English is very different from British English.change develop speak think watch grow studychangeis developingspeakdon’t think5. Millions of people _____ satellite TV
every day.
6. The percentage of non-English web
pages __________.
7. What languages ___ people ____ in
China?
8. What ____ you _________this year?watchis growingdostudyarestudying现在时态主要包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时。本模块主要复习了前三种时态。下面就近年来高考试题中出现的这三种时态的考点进行归纳。Grammar【考例1】 The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (辽宁2006)
A. is going B. go
C. goes D. are going一般现在时【考例2】 The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ____ to arrive. (2008全国卷I)
A. is expected B. is expecting
C. expects D. will be expected【考例3】 The house belongs to my aunt but she ____ here any more. (2006全国卷I)
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live
C. hadn’t lived D. doesn’t live【考例4】 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ____ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (辽宁2005)
A. was called B. is called
C. had been called D. has been called【自我归纳】
1. 一般现在时可以用来表示_______________的动作，如考例1；
2. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时，如_____;
3. 一般现在时可以用来表示现在的情况或状态，如考例3；经常性、习惯性考例24. 一般现在时可以用来表示________________________, 如考例4；
5. 另外，一般现在时还可以用来表示主语的特征、性格或能力；还可用于begin，come，leave，go，arrive, start, stop, return等转移动词，表示按计划、规定、时刻安排好的要发生的动作。普遍真理和客观存在的事实现在进行时【考例5】 —What’s that noise?
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _____. (浙江2008)
A. was tested B. will be tested
C. is being tested D. has been tested【考例6】 Teenagers _____ their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆2008)
A. have damaged B. are damaging
C. damaged D. will damage 【考例7】 Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _____. (福建2006)
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off【自我归纳】
1. 现在进行时表示说话时______________的动作，如考例5；
2. 现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作，如______；
3. 现在进行时也可用于begin，come，leave，go, arrive, start, stop, return等转移动词，表示按计划、安排、打算要发生的动作，如考例7。考例6正在进行或发生现在完成时【考例8】
Up to now, the program _____ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.（山东2010）
A. would save B. saves
C. had saved D. has saved【考例9】 I like these English songs and they ____ many times on the radio. (安徽2008)
A. taught B. have taught
C. are taught D. have been taught【考例10】 —____ leave at the end of this month.
—I don’t think you should do that until _____ another job. (北京2006)
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll; you’d find【自我归纳】
现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。
现在完成时可以和以下时间状语连用：till now，up to now, so far, in the past / last ... years, these few ...，for ..., since ... ；2. 现在完成时可以和already, yet, before, recently, lately等表示不确定的过去的时间状语连用；
3. 现在完成时还可以和表示_____的时间状语连用, 如: often, sometimes, rarely, ever, never, once, ... times等；
4. 另外, 现在完成时还可以用在_____或条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作。时间频度【即学即练】 翻译下列句子。
1. 我们见面时我会和你讨论此事。
2. 对不起, 你不能把这本字典拿走。我正在用它。I’ll discuss this matter with you when we meet.
Sorry, you can’t take the dictionary away. I’m using it.3. 当我完成这本书的时候我会给你写信。I’ll write to you when I have finished the book.Complete the sentences with since and for.English grammar has not changed much ____ the time of Shakespeare.
The American spelling system has existed ____ about 200 years.
I have been studying English ______ I was in primary school.sincesincefor4. We have an American teacher. He has been here ____ January.
5. CNN has been on the air ___ more than 20 years.
6. Monita Raipal has worked for CNN _____ the year 2000.sinceforsince一. 现在完成时既可以与since引导的时间状语从句连用，又可以与since构成的短语连用。
1. since作连词，后跟句子，它所表示的时间是“从某一点开始”。若从句谓语为终止性动词，主句的时间则从这一“时刻”算起。 由since和for构成的句子或短语是现在完成时的常用状语。现就它们的用法作以下归纳。如: He has lived here since he lefts Shanghai.
若从句为延续性或状态性动词，则从其动作结束“那点”算起。例如：
It is six years since he was a teacher.
(2) I haven’t heard from her since she
lived there.2. since作介词，后跟表示时间的名词，必须是表示“时间的一点”，不能表示时间的一段。 例如：
He has taught at this school since 1965.二. 现在完成时与介词for构成的短语连用。
1. 介词for构成的短语，表示时间的长度，后跟一段时间，不能跟时间的一点。 例如：
(1) We have studied English for two years.
(2) They have known each other for five
years.2. 终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的介词for连用，但它的否定式可与介词for连用。例如：
I have not received his letter for two
months.
2) He has had the dictionary for two
weeks. (buy 用 have代替)
3) My father has been in the Party for
ten years. (join 用 be in)1. I like Leeds because there’s more going on here than back home in the States.
2. Since English is spoken all over the world, there are lots of varieties.
3. As I was the only British person in the
school, they made a fuss of me.
4. I’m getting on just fine, now that I
understand the local accent.Function: Giving reasonsUnderline the words which introduce reason.1) because语势最强, 用来说明人所不知的原因, 回答why提出的问题, 是句子中的重要部分, 常放在句末, 不能用其它三个替换。逗号可加可不加。 You can trust those products because the quality never changes.
I haven’t been to the cinema lately, because I am too busy.because, since, as, for 辨析2) 当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知, 就用as或 since。since稍正式一些。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 3) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末, 且前面有逗号, 则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因, 而是多种情况加以推断, 就只能用for。
He is absent today, because/for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 4) 当because引导的从句与否定的主句连用, 而主句又位于句首时, 之前不用逗号, 因为主句动词否定的是其后的全部内容。为了突出because从句, because前常加上副词, 如: just, only, simply, chiefly等。 You should not despise a man just because he is poorly dressed.
She is not marrying Bill, because he is poor.Which word do we use more often to introduce a reason?
Which expression shows that a situation has changed?
3. Which two words often come at the beginning of a sentence?BecauseNow thatSince and asComplete the sentences with because, since/as or now that.1. It is useful to learn English ________ it is spoken all over the world.
2. ________ they see lots of American films, the British are used to American accents.because/asSince/As3. Americans like the British accent _______ they think it is cute.
4. It’s easier to compare British and American English ________ we have the Internet.becausenow that
