2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句课件(58张）

(共58张PPT)
高三英语语法复习专题
定语从句
定语：
什么是定语？
典型词类是：？
也可以是_________
位置：？
形容词+ 名词
数、名、介短、ing/ed 、句子
1.单个+ 名词 如:good boy
但：something important/ valuable 重要/贵重的东西
2.名词+短语/句子
用来修饰名词/代词的词，译成 “…的”
练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当（形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句）
1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.
beautiful
many
4. The wallet on the desk is mine.
5. That building being repaired is our library.
on the desk
桌面上的钱包
being repaired
正在被修的
repaired yesterday
已修好的
to be repaired tomorrow
明天要装修的
5. He is one of the students
that have been late.
that have been late.
定语从句
做主语：
I’m a scientist who/ that studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
做宾语：The girl (whom /who/ that) I met yesterday is called Jane.
指人
主句
定语从句
主句
定语从句
1.定义:修饰某一名词或 代词的从句叫定语从句,译成：“…的”
2.标志：从句前面有名词/代词
3.位置：名词后定从句
4.引导词：1）意思指代所修饰的名词
2）在句中作主/宾语/状语
指物
做主语：
I do not like the novels which/that have unhappy endings.
做宾语：I’d like to see the car (which /that) you bought yesterday.
主句
定语从句
主句
定语从句
做定语：
I had a student whose creativity would infect others.
指人
关系代词whose 用法
主句
定语从句
=and his
指物
做定语：
The house whose doors are green is my uncle’s.
( =the doors of which /of which the doors)
主句
定语从句
=the house’s
定
语
从
句
概念
关系词：引导定语从句的词。它有三个作用
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
在全句中作
定语的从句
引导定
语从句
代表先行词
在从句中作句子成分
知识网络
定
语
从
句
关
系
词
关系
代词
作主语：I’m a scientist who/ that studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
作宾语：The girl (whom/who/ that) I met yesterday is called Jane.
作定语：I had a student whose creativity would infect others.
指人
定
语
从
句
关
系
词
关系
代词
指物
作主语：I do not like
the novels which/that
have unhappy endings.
作宾语：I’d like to see the
car (which/that) you bought yesterday.
作定语：The house whose doors (=the doors of which/
of which the doors) are green
is my uncle’s.
定
语
从
句
关
系
词
关系
副词
作时间状语(先行词是时间)：July is the month when (=in which) nature’s berries are in abundance.
作地点状语(先行词是地点)：Upstairs he had a studio where (=in which) he painted a little.
作原因状语(先行词是reason)：This is the reason why (=for which) he was late for school.
作方式状语(先行词是way)：I don’t like the way that (= in which) you laugh at her.
定
语
从
句
关
系
词
介词+关
系代词
Here was someone with
whom I could share my
feelings. [=(whom /whom/
that) I could...with]
I often had crazy dreams in
which I was to blame for Miller’s accident. (in the dream)
He has three children, two of whom are college students. (部分与整体)
定
语
从
句
关
系
词
不能用that
非限制性定语从句：He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
直接位于介词后：These were
all qualities for which I had
once respected my elder brother.
people, those, one等指人时多
用who：People who reach out
to strangers feel good.
定
语
从
句
关
系
词
先行词包括人和物：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.
The first thing that should be done is to work out a plan.
This is the best dictionary (that) I’ve ever used.
序数词或
最高级后
指事物的不定代词后：Now all that was needed were the parents.
只/多用that
定
语
从
句
关
系
词
只/多用that
They are thought
to be the only insect that does this.
The Bird’s Nest is the very place (that) you cannot miss when you visit Beijing.
the only/very
后的事物
Who is the girl that
is talking to Tom in English
Which is the house that caught fire last night
who/which开
头的问句中
先行词在there be后：There is still a lot of homework (that) we have to do in our spare time.
定
语
从
句
非限
制性
定语
从句
三个特点: 对先行词起补充说明作
用；用逗号与主句分开; 不可由that
引导。The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday.
先行词是整个主句：Mary was late again, which made the teacher very angry.
先行词是专有名词：John likes rice, as opposed to Mary, who hates it.
先行词前有物主代词：His son, to whom he has been devoted, is living abroad.
先行词是一类人或事物：Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
须用
情况
定
语
从
句
As引导的
定语
从句
限制性：在such, as, the same后: This is the same person as came yesterday.
非限制性：As was expected, he performed the task with success. ［(不出所料) as作主语，谓语通
常要有be］
考点考法
关系词
when
that/which
which
who
关系代词
But Sarah, ______has taken part in shows, wants to prove…
...it is possible to have too much of both, _______ is not good ...
...made a study___________ showed a mere five to...
关系副词： ... goes back to my days, _______ I was the first Western TV reporter…
填
空
Exercises:
1. The boy ___________told me the news is not here.
2. The man __________you saw yesterday is my uncle.
who/that
( whom )
She is a girl.
The girl is beautiful.
She is a girl who is beautiful.
She is a girl. We all like the girl.
She is a girl (whom/that) we all like.
told me the news
you saw yesterday
Exercises:
1.Here is the pen __________you lost last week.
2.Guilin is a city _________ has a
history of 2,000 years.
(which/that)
which/that
1. I have a friend and her name is Jenny.
I have a friend whose name is Jenny
.
2. I have a book and its cover is red.
I have a book whose cover is red.
小结：whose+n
填whose技巧：1.句与句间没连接词
2. 横线后--单独n.
3. 与前面名词有所属关系“..的”
1. I’d like a room ________window looks out over the sea.
2. The girl ________name is Mary will go shopping tonight.
He has written a book ______ name I’ve forgotten.
I like the book ______ its cover is red.
作主/宾语
whose
whose
whose
and
关系
副词
做时间状语(先行词是时间)：July is the month
when nature’s berries are in abundance.
做地点状语(先行词是地点)：
Upstairs he had a studio where he painted a little.
做原因状语(先行词是reason)：This is the reason why (=for which) he was late for school.
做方式状语(先行词是way)：I don’t like the way that (= in which) you laugh at her.
主句
定从
=and in this month
(=in which)
=and in the studio
主
从
=for the reason
(=in which)
做题技巧：
when/where/why作状语+完整句
1). I still remember the day _____ I came to the school for the first time.
2).I don’t know the reason ____ you are unhappy today.
3). Shanghai is the city ______ I was born.
4). The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down
when
why
where
where
练习：
1.The school ______I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home.
2.The reason _____he was late was that he missed his train.
where
why
in the school=in which
介词+关
系代词
Here was someone /with whom I could share my feelings.
I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
He has three children, two of whom are college students. (部分与整体)
whom I could share my feelings with.
(in the dream)
（四）介词+which/whom
1. I will never forget the day on _________I joined the army.
2. Do you like the singer about _________she often talks.
3. The moment _________which I made the decision is exciting.
4. Have you found the book ________which we learnt a lot
5.Air,__________which man can’t live ,is really important.
归纳四：介词+_______(物)/_________(人):
如何选用介词：A.与先行词的搭配关系 B. 与从句谓语动词的搭配习惯
C.根据定语从句所表达的意思。
which
whom
at
from
without
which
whom
3. The musicians played music , most of ______ was based on the Beatles.
4. I have lots of friends, some of _____ are girls
which
whom
介词+which/whom.表范围
= and most of them
考点5
定
语
从
句
关
系
词
不能用that
非限制性定语从句：He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
直接位于介词后：These were
all qualities for which I had
once respected my elder brother.
people, those, one等指人时多
用who：People who reach out
to strangers feel good.
总结：
逗号后不用that…常用which, who…
介词后不用that, 常：介词+which/ whom
people, those, one指人多用who
先行词包括人和物：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.
The first thing that should be done is to work out a plan.
This is the best dictionary (that) I’ve ever used.
序数词或
最高级后
指事物的不定代词后：Now all that was needed were the parents.
只/多用that
定
语
从
句
关
系
词
只/多用that
They are thought
to be the only insect that does this.
The Bird’s Nest is the very place (that) you cannot miss when you visit Beijing.
the only/very
后的事物
Who is the girl that
is talking to Tom in English
Which is the house that caught fire last night
who/which开
头的问句中
先行词在there be后：There is still a lot of homework (that) we have to do in our spare time.
五. 定语从句常见考查点：（一）
1. Everything ___________they said was true.
2. You can read all the book ___________I have.
3.The wind blew down the tallest tree _________ is in front of our school gate.
4. Tom is the first boy _________left the room.
5. Look at the boy and his dog ________are coming this way.
6. He is the very person _________ I’m looking for.
归纳一：关系代词只使用_________的情况
1.先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none，all等不定代词时
2.先行词前有不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时
3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰
4.先行词中既有人又有物时
5.先行词被the very, the only等修饰
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
7. Tom was late, which made Mr.smith angry.
8. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师。
考点4：非限制性定从句,有逗号隔开，开分译
缺主…, which/who…
状, when, where…
总结+练习：
1. He made progress, ____ made him happy.
2. you’ll see the nurse, ____care for the baby.
3. We help Jim, _____ son died.
4. We go to the shop, ____ I’ll buy apples.
who
which
whose
where
注意：非限定从句中不能填that.
as…正如：
As is known to all,
As we expected,/ as was expected 不出所料
顾
真
题
回
语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. (2020全国Ⅰ卷) Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
先行词为spot，在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
where
2. (2020全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almost lifelike.
指这位画家的画作，先行词为artist，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，故填whose。
3. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ______ ______ opened in 1759.
先行词为the British Museum，在定语从句中作
主语，用关系代词which或that。
whose
that
which/
4. (2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷) The Digital World is a set of volumes ___________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。
that/which
5. (2019全国Ⅰ卷) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her
late husband Les.
引导非限制性定语从句, 在从句中作opened的宾语，先行词为the per shop，故用which。
which
练
模
拟
操
语法填空
1. (2021浙江绍兴诊断性考试) It stresses the expression of emotions while being a mental exercise to an artist __________ coordinates
(协调) the body and the mind to select the
best styling for the presentation of the passage content.
引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词an artist指人，用who或that。
who/that
2. (2020安徽池州期末) E-commerce (电子商务) was gradually brought to China by Ma, ______ success has inspired many Chinese businessmen.
这是指“马云的成功激励了许多中国商人”，故用whose (=and his) 引导定语从句。
whose
空格所在句前后有逗号，可判定是非限制性定语从句；从句缺主语，先行词Katelynn是人，故填who。注意：非限制性定语从句不可用that引导。
3. (2021山东泰安期中) Katelynn, _____ plans to raise enough money to pay off the outstanding lunch debts of her entire school district, said…
who
4. (2021山东潍坊期中) However, the full stop has a different meaning to teenagers and those in their early 20s, ______ interpret it as sign of anger.
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词teenagers and those in their early 20s指人，故填who。
who
引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词
women指人，故填who。
5. (2021江苏苏州期中) Many women _____ graduate with STEM degrees undertake advanced study in the U.S. and return to assume senior roles at institutions in their
home country, where their work often earns them an international reputation.
who
6. (2020广东惠州三调) About half of us can taste bitter and sweet, so we are not especially sensitive to bitter food. Another 25% are called “non-tasters”, to _______ bitter food might actually be a bit sweeter. The rest of us are…
“介词to+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词non-tasters是人，又是介词后，只能用whom。句意：对于那些味觉较差的人来说，苦的食物可能会更甜一点。
whom
7. (2018安徽宿州) According to statistics from the organizer, 157,326 visitors attended the festival, many of ______ were hanfu-wearing enthusiasts (热衷者), called tongpao (同袍).
whom
先行词是visitors, 因前面有介词, 只能用whom,
不能填that或who。of表示部分与整体的关系，
many of whom =and many of them其中许多人。
8. (2019山东威海二模) Tenzin was selected from more than 60 candidates, all of _______ are from remote regions in Tibet.
先行词candidates （候选人） 是人，紧跟在介词of后，只能填whom。all of whom相当于and all of them。
whom
9. (2021陕西渭南一模) The park is a daring
step ___________ is aimed at preserving the country's unique wonders and encouraging more wildlife tourism.
10. (2021山东潍坊期末) Shaped like human heads, these structures, _______ were carved by ancient people, range in height from about 3.5 to 12 meters.
which /that
which
先行词step指物，引导定语从句并在从句中
作主语，用which或that。
引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，
先行词these structures指物，故填which。
11. (2021福建泉州质检) A scenic painting over
170 square meters in size, _______was created
by Emperor Qianlong for his retirement, was
worn.
引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先
行词是A scenic painting，故填which。
which
Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)
1．The app WeChat provides a networking platform ________ communication is faster and easier.
2．In some countries, many students participate in various programs, ________ they learn about the sense of responsibility by volunteering their services.
3．Running Man is such funny reality show ________ has the gravity to pull you in front of your television.
4．Each graduate standing on the playground, ________　was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.
5．The old pictures bring them to the days ________ they spent together, ________ life was hard but happy.
6．Lenovo has brought out a new laptop ________ low cost will make it attractive to students.
7．Guess what！I came across my primary school teacher this morning, with ________ I have lost touch for almost 20 years.
8．He is confident, ________， in my opinion, is most important in modern society.
1．where　句意：手机软件微信提供了一个网络平台，使交流变得更快速和更便捷。地点状语从句由关系副词where引导。
2．where　句意：在一些国家，许多学生参与不同的项目，在那里他们通过志愿者服务学会了责任感。先行词为programs，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。
3．as　句意：《奔跑吧兄弟》是如此有趣的真人秀节目，好像有着把你拉到电视机前的引力。先行词show被such修饰，定语从句应用as引导。
4．who　句意：在家长陪同下，站在操场上的每个毕业生都将获得校长颁发的毕业证书。先行词为each graduate，从句中缺少主语，故用who。
5．which/that；when　句意：那些旧照片使他们回想起他们在一起度过的那些日子，当时生活很苦但很幸福。 ______ they spent together为定语从句，先行词为the days，在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故用which或that; ______ life was hard but happy也为定语从句，修饰先行词the days，关系副词在从句中作时间状语，故用when。
6．whose　句意：联想又出了一款新型笔记本电脑，它低廉的价位会对学生们很有吸引力。先行词为a new laptop，在定语从句中作定语。
7. whom　句意：你猜怎么着！今天早上我碰见我的小学老师了！我和他失去联系差不多20年了。本空需要关系代词引导定语从句，关系代词在从句中作宾语，且用来指人，在介词后只能用whom。
8．which　句意：他很自信，我认为这在现代社会非常重要。in my opinion为插入语，定语从句修饰前面整个句子he is confident，并且从句中缺少主语，故用which。
9．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.
10．Overseas Chinese are particularly sought out for positions ________ a high degree or leadership is required.
11．What do you think of the reason ________ he gave at the meeting yesterday
12．This is a very convenient place to live in, 20 km northwest of ________ is an airport connecting all the big cities.
13．This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ________ many others are short of.
14．The living standard of the people in China, ________ is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades.
15．The mother thanked the young man again and again, without ________ kindness her son would have been killed by the passing car.
9．whose　句意：我想感谢斯密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会有今天。这里使用了定语从句，先行词是Professor Smith，定语从句中缺少定语，故要用whose引导。
10．where　句意：海外的中国人特别寻求需要高学位或领导能力的职位。这里含有一个定语从句，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
11．that/which　句意：你认为他在昨天的会上给出的那个理由怎么样？定语从句修饰的先行词是the reason，关系词在从句中作gave的宾语，应该用关系代词that/which。
12．which　句意：这是一个生活非常方便的地方，西北的20千米处，有一个机场连接了所有的大城市。通过分析句子结构，可知这个句子中包含了一个非限制性定语从句，答案为which。
13．that　句意：这家餐馆有一种吸引人的、如家般的氛围，这是很多其他餐馆所没有的。这里需要用关系代词引导定语从句，且指物并在从句中作宾语，故用that。
14．as　句意：正如报告所显示的，中国人民的生活水平在过去的几十年里得到了改善。这里用as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如，像”，关系代词as指代主句的内容并在从句中作主语。
15．whose　句意：这位母亲一次又一次地感谢这个年轻人，如果没有他的好心，她的儿子就被过往的汽车撞死了。分析句子成分可知，此处应用whose修饰名词kindness，引导非限制性定语从句。
Ⅱ.语法填空
If you are interested in both China's ancient finance and architecture, Pingyao is a place you can't miss.
Pingyao Ancient City, located in the central Shanxi Province, China, is a well preserved example of a traditional Han Chinese city. 1.________ (found) in the 14th century, its wall is ten meters high, 6，163 meters around, and three to five meters wide at the top.The west and east sides of wall have two gates 2.________ the southern and northern walls each have one gate only.
From the 19th century to the early 20th century, Pingyao, 3.________ (control) almost half of the economy of the country at its booming period, was a financial center for the whole of China.There 4.________ (be) once over twenty draft banks' head offices, 5.________ branches were distributed 6.________ (wide) around the whole country, even in some western and southeastern countries.
Today when other Chinese 7.________ (city) have been more than happy to bury their history under skyscrapers, this 8.________ (origin) Chinese Wall Street chooses not to. Ordinary people still live 9.________ the city's hundreds of courtyards in the Ming and Qing Dynasties as they did in the time of emperors.This city is helping China rediscover the value of preserving what little 10.________ (leave)of the country's ancient buildings.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了曾被称作中国华尔街的平遥古城。
1．Founded　found在句中作状语，与其逻辑主语its wall之间是动宾关系，故填Founded。
2．while/but　句意：墙的西面和东面各有两座门，而南北两面都只有一个门。前后句是转折对比关系，故填while/but。
3．control(l)ing　分析句子成分可知，此处应填非谓语动词。control与逻辑主语Pingyao之间是主谓关系，故填control(l)ing。
4．were　此处考查there be句型。there be句型中be动词的形式应与后面的名词保持一致，根据空后的复数名词“over twenty draft banks' head offices”可知，此处be动词用are或者were；又因本句描述的是过去的事情，故填were。
5．whose　分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句；先行词为banks' head offices，引导词在从句中作定语，指的是“这些总部的分支机构”，故填whose。
6．widely　所填词修饰动词distributed，作状语，所以用副词，故填widely。
7．cities　根据空前的other Chinese可知，此处指“其他的中国城市”，因此需用复数；且根据空后的have也可以推知此处用复数，故填cities。
8．original　所填词修饰名词短语Chinese Wall Street，要用形容词，故填original。
9．in　句意：普通百姓仍然生活在这座城市的数百个明清时期的庭院里。live in是固定搭配，表示“住在(某地)”，故填in。
10．is left　句意：这座城市正在帮助中国重新发现所剩无几的中国古建筑的价值。leave和它的逻辑主语之间为被动关系，指“被留下的”，所以这里应该用被动语态，故填is left。
1. 要去露营的人请在大门口集合。
Those who are going camping please gather at the gate.
2. 失去健康的人就失去了一切。
He who loses health loses all.
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3. 他的班上有五十个学生，其中大多数是男孩。
There are fifty students in his class, most of whom are boys.
4. 不出所料, 他轻而易举地通过了考试。
As was expected, he passed the exam easily.
5. 我们队赢了这场比赛，这使得我们非常高兴。
Our team won the game, which made us very happy.