人教版（2019） 必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions 单词及重点句式课件（78张）

(共78张PPT)
u n i t 4
01
02
03
04
Listeng and Speaking
Reading and Thinking
Useful Structures
Reading for Writing
01
PART ONE
Listening and Speaking
[搭配] be similar in　　　　　 在……方面相似
be harmful to 对……有危害
be polite/rude to 对……有礼貌/无礼
[例句]
All happy families are similar to one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
所有幸福的家庭都是相似的，但每个不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。
1.be similar to　与……相似
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02
PART TWO
Reading and Thinking
[搭配]2.1 confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的
[搭配] be confused about... 对……感到困惑
get/become confused 变得困惑
[例句]
There was a confused look on his face when he met with the confusing problem.
2.be confused by 对......感到困惑
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[搭配]2.2 confusing　adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的
[搭配] be confusing for sb. 对某人来说是令人困惑的
find sth. confusing 觉得某事令人困惑
[例句]
The first week was a little confusing.
第一周我就有点儿迷茫
2.be confused by 对......感到困惑
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[搭配]2.3 confuse vt.　　　使糊涂；使迷惑
[搭配] confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆
confuse sb. 使某人困惑
[例句]
I always confuse John with/and his brother；they are so much alike.
2.be confused by 对......感到困惑
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[搭配]2.4 confusion n. 混乱；困惑
[搭配] to avoid confusion 为了避免混淆
in confusion 困窘的
2.be confused by 对......感到困惑
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So what is the difference between them, if any
那么，如果有(区别)的话，它们之间的区别是什么呢？
if条件状语从句的省略形式
if any　　　　　　　　 如果有的话
if so 如果这样的话，如果是的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
sentences
3.1 puzzle　n.谜；智力游戏；疑问
[搭配] be in a puzzle　　　　　　 感到困惑，不知如何是好
a puzzle to/for sb. 对某人来说是个谜
solve a puzzle 解开谜团
[例句]
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
3.puzzle　n.谜；智力游戏；疑问　vt.迷惑；使困惑
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3.2 puzzle　vt.迷惑；使困惑
[搭配] puzzle over 仔细琢磨；冥思苦想
puzzle out 仔细考虑解决（难题等）
[例句]
What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China.
你的困惑实际上是许多中国父母的困惑。
[同根词]
puzzled adj. 感到困惑的
be puzzled about/over 对……迷惑不解
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的
3.puzzle　n.谜；智力游戏；疑问　vt.迷惑；使困惑
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[搭配] live nearby 住在附近
a nearby town 附近的一个城镇
nearby没有比较级　　　　
[同根词]
near adj. 近的；接近的 adv.在附近 prep. 在......附近
nearly adv. 几乎；差不多，将近（表程度）
4. nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近
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[搭配] join the army/club　　　 参军/加入俱乐部
join in 参加(比赛、活动等)
connect...with/to... 把……和……联系起来
与...有联系/有关系 be related to
be linked with/to
be involved in
be associated with
have something to do with
[例句] The island, joined to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go. 　
5. join...to...　把……和……连接或联结起来
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[搭配] break down　　　　　 损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮
break into 破门而入
break in 强行进入
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break up 结束；破裂
break through 突破
[例句]
It took great courage to break away from his family at that time.
在那时与他的家庭决裂需要很大的勇气。
6. break away (from sb./sth.)　脱离；背叛；逃脱
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[搭配] result from 由于；源自
as a result 结果；因此
as a result of 作为......的结果
[例句]
There is no doubt that his drunk driving resulted in the accident.
7.result in 结果为；导致
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belong v.　　　　　 属于；适应
[搭配] belong to sb. 属于某人；归某人所有
belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belonging to”。
[例句]
Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well educated.
威廉姆斯教授一直告诉他的学生：未来属于受过良好教育的人。
[同根词] belongings n. 所有物，财产，财物
8.belong to　属于
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[搭配] 　（1）as well as相当于连词时，连接两个并列句子成分，但连接两个主语时，谓语动词与其前面的主语保持一致。 就远原则
(2)as well as 相当于介词时，可放在句首，与besides、in addition to意思相近。
(3)as well意为“也、又”，常放在句尾，相当于too。
[例句] English, as well as Chinese and maths, is of great importance.
同数学和语文一样，英语也非常重要。
9. as well as　同(一样也)；和；还
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[搭配] in defence of ...　　　　　 保护/保卫……；为……辩护
build up a defence 筑起一道防线
in one’s defence 为某人辩护
a defence against 对......的防御物
[例句] In defence of our motherland, a large number of people lost their lives.
为了保卫我们的祖国，许多人失去了生命。
10. defence　n.防御；保卫
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[同根词] defend vt. 保护；保卫
[搭配] defend ...from/against ... 保护/保卫……免受……
defend oneself from/against 自卫；自行辩护
[例句] All the officers are trained to defend themselves from/against knife attacks.
所有的办公人员都受过保护自己免受持刀袭击的训练。
10. defence　n.防御；保卫
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[同根词] illegal adj. 非法的；违法的
legally adv. 合法地
11.legal adj. 法律的；合法的
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[搭配] surround...with ...　　　　 以……包围……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……环绕/包围
surround oneself with 和......在一起；与......为伍
[例句] I'd like to surround myself with positive people in my daily life.
在日常生活中，我喜欢和积极向上的人在一起。
[同根词] surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
surroundings n. (复数)环境
12.surround　vt.围绕；包围
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[搭配]
There is some evidence that...　 有证据证明……
look for/search evidence 寻找证据
find evidence 找到证据
[例句]
There is now convincing evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
现在有令人信服的证据证明吸烟导致肺癌。
[同根词] evident adj. 明显的，明白的
It's evident that... 很明显……
13. evidence　n.证据；证明
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[搭配] a sense of achievement　　　 成就感
make an achievement 取得成就
one’s achievement in 某人在某方面的成就
the achievement of one’s aim 某人目标的实现
[例句] Even a small success can give you a sense of achievement.
即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。
[同根词] achieve vt. 完成；达到；获得；实现；成功 vi. 达到预期目的
achieve one's goal 达到目标
achievable adj. 可实现的；可达到的
14. achievement　n.成就；成绩；达到
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[搭配] leave for 动身去
leave alone 不管；不打扰
leave aside 搁置一边；不考虑
leave out 遗漏；省去
leave off 停止；中断
[例句]
What if the family had simply left the cat behind
15. leave behind 落下；忘带；留下；把......抛在后面
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16.1 battle n. 战役；搏斗
[搭配] fight a(an )......battle 打......的仗
accept the battle 应战
[例句]
She fought a long battle against cancer before she died.
16.battle n. 战役；搏斗 v. 搏斗；奋斗
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16.1 battle v. 搏斗；奋斗
[搭配] battle against 与......战斗
battle for 为......而战
batttle with 与......而战斗
[例句]
She fought a long battle against cancer before she died.
16.battle n. 战役；搏斗 v. 搏斗；奋斗
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They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英国各地修建城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。
have ＋宾语＋过去分词
have sth. done　　　 　 让别人做某事
have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人/某事持续做某事
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
have sth. to do 有某事要做(不定式作定语)
sentences
have ＋宾语＋过去分词
①All the passengers must have their luggage checked before boarding the plane.
所有旅客在登机前都必须托运行李。
②My mother had me post the letter at once.
我母亲让我立刻把信寄了。
sentences
Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史，将使你的英国之旅更加愉快。
make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(1)“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、过去分词、介词短语、省略to的动词不定式(被动语态中to不能省略)；
(2)当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
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make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
①The news that our team had won made us very happy.
我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
②I made it clear that I would not support his plan put forward at the meeting.
我明确表示我不会支持他在会上提出的计划。
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[搭配] be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷
[例句] It’s fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.
[同根词] fascinate v. 深深吸引；迷住
be fascinated by/with 对......着迷
fascinated adj. 入迷的；极感兴趣的
17. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的
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[搭配] keep an eye on　　　　　 照看；留神；留意
fix one's eyes on 注视；盯着看
catch one's eyes 引起某人的注意
look sb. in the eyes 直视某人
have an eye for 对......有鉴赏能力
[例句] Please keep your eyes open for opportunities, for they wait for no one.
请留意机遇，因为它们不等任何人。
18.keep your eyes open (for)　留心；留意
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03
PART THREE
Useful Structures
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动。
◆Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work.
由我带大的她的那个女儿已经开始工作了。(表被动、完成)
◆When he started to work, he decided to be a teacher loved by every student.(只表被动)
当他参加工作后，他决定要做一名深受每个学生爱戴的老师。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。
◆When I woke up next morning, I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves.(只表完成)
第二天早上我醒来时，我发现地上满是落叶。
(3)形容词化的过去分词作定语：英语中某些表示感觉的动词，其过去分词形式表示“感到……的”，表示被修饰词所处的状态。
◆There was a frightened horse in the street.
街上有一匹受惊的马。
◆The scared boy told me the scaring news in a scared voice.
那个吓坏了的男孩用惊恐的声音告诉了我这个可怕的消息。
◆From his disappointed look, I knew he didn't pass the exam.
从他失望的表情来看，我知道他没有通过考试。
2．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的词的后面，此时，它相当于定语从句。
◆He told me that this was the wounded soldier.
他告诉我这就是那个受伤的士兵。
◆Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books(＝which is filled with books).
靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。
(2)单个的过去分词修饰something、everything、anything、nothing、nobody等复合不定代词，或those等指示代词时，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
◆There has been nothing changed in London since I left it two years ago.
自从我两年前离开伦敦后，它就一直没有什么变化。
(1)有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)、concerned(有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。
◆Hurry up! There is little time left.
快点！剩下的时间不多了。
(2)某些不及物动词的过去分词不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。
well behaved children　　　　　 规规矩矩的孩子
a widely travelled businessman 一个游历广泛的商人
newly arrived visitors 新来的参观者
3．过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语的区别
过去分词 done 被动关系，动作已经完成
现在分词 doing 主动关系，动作正在进行
being done 被动关系，动作正在进行
不定式 to do 主动关系，动作尚未发生
to be done 被动关系，动作尚未发生
◆The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
◆The building being built now is our teaching building.
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
◆The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词和宾语之间的关系
及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语通常为被动关系，少数不及物动词(如fall、go、change等)的过去分词作宾语补足语 时，仅表示动作的完成；seat、hide、dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，一般表示宾语的状态，不表示被动或完成。
◆I had my watch repaired.
我修理了我的手表。
◆When she woke up, she found the world changed.
她醒来后，发现世界变了个样。
◆When I came in, I found the boy hidden behind the door.
我进来时发现这个男孩藏在门后面。
2．过去分词作宾语补足语时的五种情况
(1)过去分词用在表状态的动词keep、leave等后面，构成“keep/leave＋n./pron.＋过去分词”形式。
◆The guests left most of the dishes untouched because they didn't taste delicious.
大部分菜客人们没有动，因为它们尝起来不好吃。
◆Don't keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question.
当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。
(2)过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足 语。
①“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让……被……”。
◆He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
◆Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法，以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。
②在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
◆They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们设法用很简单的英语来使自己被理解。
(3)感官动词see、hear、notice、observe、watch、feel、find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
◆I saw that stone carried away by four men.
我看见那块石头被四个男人抬走了。
◆The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界完全变了样。
(4)表示“意愿、命令”的动词，如like、want、wish、expect、order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
◆The manager wished the work finished at the end of this week.
经理希望在本周末完成这项工作。
(5)过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
◆With every problem settled, he began to think of a journey.　每一个问题都解决后，他开始考虑旅行。
◆I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
◆I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
◆To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语口语。
◆The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
◆He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself understood.
他说得又慢又清楚以便使自己被理解。
◆Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
◆He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
◆My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
◆He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
◆The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
◆I'll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
◆You have to keep the machine running.
你要让机器一直运转。
◆She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
19.1 charge　n.收费；指控；主管
[搭配] free of charge　　　　　　 免费
in charge (of) 负责，主管
in the charge (of) (由……)负责，主管
take charge of 负责，主管
[例句]
We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge.　
我们也有一个游泳池，整天免费开放。
19.charge　n.收费；指控；主管　vt.收费；控告；充电
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19.2 charge　vt.收费；控告；充电
[搭配] charge sb. for sth. 因某事/物收某人的费用
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
[例句]
The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with murder.
19.charge　n.收费；指控；主管　vt.收费；控告；充电
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[搭配] announce sth. to sb.＝announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事
It's announced that... 据宣布……
as is anounced 正如宣布的那样
[例句] The teacher announced the result of the experiment to us at the beginning of the class.
在开始上课时，老师向我们宣布了实验结果。
[同根词] announcement n. 宣布，声称
make an announcement 发布通告
announcer n. 宣告者；播音员；报幕员；解说员
20.announce　vt.宣布；通知；声称
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It's announced that... 据宣布……
It's reported that... 据报道……
It's considered that... 人们认为……
It's thought that... 人们认为……
It's believed that... 人们相信……
It's suggested that... 有人建议……
20.announce　vt.宣布；通知；声称
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[搭配] a large amount of+不可数名词+单数谓语动词 大量的
large amounts of+不可数名词+复数谓语动词 大量的
in large/small amount of 大量地/少量地
the amount of+不可数名词 ......的数量
[例句]
I suggest our teachers limit the amount of our homework so that we can have more time to read.
我建议我们的老师们限制我们作业的数量，这样我们就有更多的时间来阅读。
21. amount　n.金额；数量
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22.1 approach　n.方法；途径；接近
[搭配] (an) approach to （doing) 接近，近似；(做某事)的方法(途径)
at the approach of... 在……快到的时候
the approach of... ......的来临
[例句]
The best approach to exploring the puzzle is to keep your eyes open.
22. approach　n.方法；途径；接近　vt.接近；接洽；着手处理　vi.靠近
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22.1 approach　n.方法；途径；接近
同义词approach、way、means、method等表达“做某事的方 法”时，各自的搭配是：
(1)the approach to (doing) sth.；
(2)the way to do/of (doing) sth.；
(3)the means of (doing) sth.；
(4)the method of (doing) sth.
22. approach　n.方法；途径；接近　vt.接近；接洽；着手处理　vi.靠近
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22.2 approach　vt.接近；接洽；着手处理　vi.靠近
[搭配] approach sb./sth.　　　 靠近/接近某人/某物
be approaching 临近，靠近
[例句]
As Teachers' Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate this important day.
随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举办一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。
[同根词] approachable adj. 可接近的；和蔼可亲的；易理解的
22. approach　n.方法；途径；接近　vt.接近；接洽；着手处理　vi.靠近
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23.generous　adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
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[搭配] be generous to sb.　　　　　 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth. 在某方面大方
be generous in doing sth. 乐于做某事
It's generous of sb.to do sth. 某人做某事很慷慨。
[例句] Although he is not rich, he is generous to his friends in trouble.
他虽然不富有，但在朋友困难时却很慷慨。
[同根词] generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
generously adv. 慷慨大方地
mean adj. 吝啬的
[搭配] offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物
offer to do sth. 愿意/主动提出做某事
提供：supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. to sb.
provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.
[例句]
If a neighbor is going to be out of town,offer to collect mail and newspaper.
24. offer sb. sth 向某人提供某物
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04
PART FOUR
Reading for writing
[搭配] be eager to do sth.　　　　　　 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴求得到某物
be eager that ... (should) do sth. 渴望……做某事
[例句]
Both sides are eager to find a rapid solution to the problem.　双方都渴望找到迅速解决问题的办法。
[同根词] eagerness n. 热切，渴望
in one’s eagerness to do sth. 渴望做某事；急于做某事
with eagerness 热切地
25. eager　adj.热切的；渴望的
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26. 1 roll　vi. & vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动
[搭配] roll down　　　　　　　 滚下，摇下，流下
roll one's eyes 翻白眼
[例句]
While she was reading the sad story, tears rolled down her cheeks.
读着这个悲伤的故事，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
26.roll　vi. & vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动　n．卷(轴)；翻滚
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26. 2 roll　n．卷(轴)；翻滚
[搭配] rock and roll 摇滚乐
call the roll 点名
a roll of film 一卷胶卷
be sold in rolls 成卷销售
[例句]
Elvis Presley was famous as the king of rock and roll while Bruce Lee was famous for his kung fu.
26.roll　vi. & vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动　n．卷(轴)；翻滚
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27.1 dot n. 点；小圆点；
[搭配] a pattern of dots 圆点图案
on the dot 在指定时间；准时
at three o’clock on the dot 正好3点
[例句]
Instead,he invented a reading system of raised dots,which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
27.dot n. 点；小圆点；vt. 加点；遍布
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27.2 dot vt. 加点；遍布
[搭配] be dotted with sth. 布满某物
dot sth. with sth. 用某物点缀另一物
[例句]
The countryside was dotted with small villages.
27.dot n. 点；小圆点；vt. 加点；遍布
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[搭配] greet sb. 迎接某人
greet with 以......来欢迎
greet sb. with nod 向某人点头致意
[例句]
He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived.
客人到达时他都热情接待。
[同根词] greeting n. 问候；打招呼
greetings表示”问候语；贺词“
28. greet　vt.问候；迎接
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[搭配] customs and habits　　　　　　风俗习惯
It is a custom for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是一种习俗。
[例句]
It has become a custom to hold a party to celebrate the harvest every year.
每年举办晚会庆祝丰收已成为一种习俗。
[同根词] customs n. 海关
29. custom　n.风俗；习俗；习惯
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30.1 crowd　n.人群；一群人；民众
[搭配] a crowd of　　　　　　　 一群……
crowds of 大量的，成群的
in the crowd 在人群中
[例句]
There was a crowd of people in front of the town hall.
市政大厅前有一群人。
30. crowd　n.人群；一群人；民众　vt.挤满；使……拥挤
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30.2 crowd　vt.挤满；使……拥挤
[搭配] crowd into 挤入；涌入
crowd in on sb. 涌上心头；涌入脑海
be crowded with 挤满了
crowd round/around 挤在......周围
[例句]
It was very crowded.　它非常拥挤。
[同根词] crowded adj. 拥挤的
30. crowd　n.人群；一群人；民众　vt.挤满；使……拥挤
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