2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理-therebe句型讲义（含答案）

2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理
there be句型
There be句型是英语中常用的重要句型之一，意为“某处有某物或某人”，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语，其中there是引导词，本身没有词义，be是谓语动词，be后的名词或代词是句子的主语。
There be句型be的选用
There be句型中的be要依据be后的名词或代词主语确定be的单复数形式。一般情况下，be后的名词是单数或不可数名词用is；be后的名词是复数则用are。如：
There is a man at the door.门口有个人。
There are some girls in the room.房间里有几个女孩。
There is a lot of water in the lake.湖里有好多水。
注意：
①there be句型中be的后面若只有一个主语，谓语的数则取决于该主语的数；若有几个主语并列，则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致。如：
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
There are some books and a pen on the desk.课桌上有一些书和一支钢笔。
There is a textbook，a dictionary and some notebooks on the desk.课桌上有一本教科书、一本字典和几本笔记本。
②There is可以缩写为There's。
There be句型的疑问与否定
1.There be句型的疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句，须把be移至there之前；其一般疑问句的肯定回答为：Yes，there is/are.否定回答为：No，there isn't/aren't.如：
— Are there any children in the room？房间里有小孩吗？
— Yes，there are.是的，有。/No，there aren't.不，没有。
— Are there any boys in your group？你们小组中有男生吗？
— Yes，there are.是的，有。/No，there aren't.不，没有。
— Is there anything for me to do？有什么事需要我做吗？
— Yes，there is.是的，有。/No，there isn't.不，没有。
注意：
there be句型的特殊疑问句往往省略there，其中的be通常用is，回答时必须用there be来回答，不能省略，其中的be要依据后面的名词单复数确定。如：
— What is （there）in the room？房间里有什么？
— There's a bed and a desk in it.里面有一张床和一张课桌。
— What's on the desk？课桌上有什么？
— There are some books on it.上面有一些书。
2.There be句型的否定句
There be句型的否定句直接在be后加not或no即可。其中There is not可缩写为There isn't；There are not可缩写为There aren't。如：
There is not much doubt about his guilt.对他的罪行没有多少怀疑。
There isn't much life in the small country village.那个小村子里没有多少生气。
There is no great difficulty.没有大的困难。
There is no need to worry.没有必要发愁。
There be句型的反意疑问句
如果There be句型是肯定句，其反意疑问部分用否定式isn't there？wasn't there？或aren't there？weren't there？如果There be句型是否定句，或者There be句型中有seldom，hardly，little，few，no，nothing，nobody之类的否定词或半否定词，反意疑问部分须用肯定式is there？was there？或are there？were there？如果There be句子中带有否定前缀的词，则该部分应看成肯定式，反意疑问部分仍要用否定形式。如：
There is a beautiful clock on the wall，isn't there？墙上挂着一只钟，不是吗？
There is little milk in the bottle，is there？瓶里没有牛奶了，是吗？
There was no time for the twins to go shopping，was there？这对双胞胎没时间购物了，是不是？
There was an unusual bike under the tree，wasn't there？树下有一辆不寻常的自行车，不是吗？
There be句型后的非谓语动词
There be句型后有时可以跟非谓语动词，其形式可以是不定式，也可以用现在分词，有时还用过去分词。但表达的意义不同。
（1）there be ...+现在分词，表示动作正在进行。如：
There is someone waiting for him.有人在等他。
There was a man standing in front of me.我前面站着一个男人。
There were some children swimming in the river.有些小孩在河里游泳。
There were a group of young people working in the fields.有一群青年在地里劳动。
注意：
有时现在分词可表示一种状态。如：
There's a piano standing against the wall.靠墙有一架钢琴。
There're a lot of difficulties facing us.我们面前有很多困难。
There is a door leading to the garden.有一扇门通往花园。
（2）there be ...+不定式，表示动作尚未发生。如：
There was nobody to look after the child.没有人照顾这个孩子。
There was a large crowd to send him off.有一大群人要来给他送行。
There is much work to do.有许多工作要做。
There is nothing to be afraid of.没什么可怕的。
（3）there be ...+过去分词，表示一种被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生。如：
There is nothing written on it.上面没写东西。
There were ten people killed in the accident.事故中有10人丧生。
There be与have（has）的区别
（1）意义不同：There be表示存在关系，指某处有某物；have（has）表示所属关系，指某人或某物所有或具有。如：
There wasn't anything interesting in yesterday's newspaper.昨天的报纸上没有什么有趣的东西。
I have a brother.我有个弟弟。
The table has four legs.那张桌子有四条腿。
（2）结构不同：There be句型的结构是：There be+sb./sth.+时间/地点（副词或介词短语）；have （has）句型的结构是：sb./sth.+have （has）+sb./sth.
There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。
She has three cars.她拥有三辆汽车。（汽车是属于她的）
注意：
若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：
A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。
【习题速递】
1.— What's the matter，Jenny？
— _____ something wrong with my bike.
A.It is B.There is C.I have D.It has
2.There _____ a basketball match in our school tomorrow.
A.will have B.will be
C.are D.is going to have
3.— Is there a watermelon on the table？
— _____
A.Yes，there is. B.Yes，it is.
C.No，there is. D.No，it isn't.
4. There _____ two dictionaries on the bookcase.You can use either of them.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
5. There _____ a pencil and some pens in the box.
A.is B.are C.aren't
【答案点拨】
1.答案：B 句意：“怎么啦，詹妮？”“我的自行车有毛病了。”There is something wrong with sb.or sth.是固定搭配，意为“某人或某物有问题/毛病了”，故选B。
2.答案：B 句意：我们学校明天将有一场篮球赛。由tomorrow可知句子用将来时；There be句型的将来时为There will be或There is going to be ...。故选 B。
3.答案：A 句意：桌子上有个西瓜吗？There be句型一般疑问句的肯定回答为：Yes，there is.否定回答为：No，there isn't.故选A。
4.答案：C 句意：书架上有两本字典，你可以从中拿一本。由句意可知句子用一般现在时；由two dictionaries可知复数名词be用are。故选C。
5.答案：A 句意：盒子里有一支铅笔和一些钢笔。There be句型中be动词与靠近的主语保持数的一致，故选A。
【语法专练】
1. Watch out，Peter！_____ is a little boy playing ahead on the road.
A.It B.This C.That D.There
2.— Do you know _____ a wonderful football match and two basketball matches on July 15th ？
— Yeah.I am going to watch them on that day.
A.there will be B.there will have
C.there are D.there have
3._____ more chances for young people to find jobs in big cities.
A.There are B.We have C.It's said
4. There _____ some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.
A.are B.is C.have D.were
5.Don't worry.There _____ enough water，vegetables and fruits in the fridge.
A.have B.are C.is
6.Look！This is our class photo.There _____45 students in my class.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
7. There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them _____ increasing.
A.has，is B.have，are
C.are，is D.is，are
8. The weather forecast says that _____ another storm tomorrow.
A.there will have B.there will be
C.there has D.there has been
9. — Listen！There _____ someone _____ at the door.
— It must be your sister.
A.is；knocking B.is；knock
C.are；knocking D.are；knock
10.There _____ a card on the teacher's desk five minutes ago，but now it is gone.
A.have B.is C.was
【答案速递】
1.D 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C