中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
简单句及特殊句型导学案
简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构的句子，按照句子的用途可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。简单句的基本句型为：
构成 示例
主语＋不及物动词(S ＋ VI) You can't draw on the wall.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S ＋ VT ＋ O) They speak English very well.
主语＋连系动词＋表语(主语补足语)(S ＋ V ＋ P/SC) My mother is a teacher.
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S ＋ VT ＋ IO ＋ DO) He asked me a question.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S ＋ VI.＋ O ＋ OC) I found the story interesting.
易错点一：特殊疑问句的用法
(2021甘孜州)---Mike, I wonder we'll go this weekend.
---To the museum.
A. when B. why C. how D. Where
【详解】答案 B 句意:——Mike,我想知道你这周末去哪？——去博物馆。此题考查疑问的用法。根据答语可知是对地点提问。因此选D。
(2021北京)—______shall we meet for the picnic
—At the school gate
A. How B. When C. Why D. Where
【详解】答案 D 句意:——我们在哪里见面野餐 ——在学校门口。本题考查特殊疑问句。由答语中的可知问的是地点。故选D。
知识点再现
用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。
1．一般疑问句
一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实，其结构为①Be＋主语＋其他？②助动词(或情态动词)＋主语＋谓语(动词原形)＋其他？用Yes/No来回答。如：
—Is he a teacher？他是个老师吗？
—Yes，he is./No，he isn't.是的，他是。/不，他不是。
否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：
—Don't you hear of that sound？ (表示惊讶)
—Yes，I do./No，I don't.
2．特殊疑问句
由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。其结构为：特殊疑问词(组)＋一般疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。
疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
(1)疑问代词：可以对主语、表语、宾语、定语提问，有what(对“物”提问)，who(对“人”提问)，which(哪一个；哪一些)，whose(谁的)，whom(宾格“谁”)。如：
—What do you want to eat？—Noodles.
(2)疑问副词：用于对状语提问，有when(何时)，where(在哪里)，why(为什么)和how(怎么样)等。如：
—Where are you from？
—I'm from Japan.
(3)疑问词组how soon，how long，how far，how often等。如：
—How often do you have an English party？
—Once a month.
3．选择疑问句
选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。其答语不用yes或no回答，需根据实际情况用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答。
一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句＋or＋被选择的部分？如：
—Do you like apples or pears？
—I like pears.
特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句＋A or B？如：
—Which do you like better，tea or coffee？
—Coffee.咖啡。
易错点二：祈使句的用法
(2021呼和浩特) _______to use sunglasses to stop the sun from shining directly in your eyes.
A．Remembering B．To remember
C．Remember D．Not remember
【详解】答案 C 句意:记住要戴太阳镜，防止阳光直射眼睛。。本题考查祈使句。本句为祈使句,其中祈使句应以动词原形开头,故选C。
(2021济南)---____swim in this river. It's quite deep.
---Thanks for telling me.
A.No B.Not C.Don't D.Doesn't
【详解】句意：——不要在河里游泳。水很深。——谢谢告知。考查祈使句。否定祈使句以don't 开头。故选B。
知识点再现
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。在祈使句中，主语you通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。
1．祈使句的肯定形式
动词原形＋其他。如：Give me the book.
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他。如：Let me help you.
2．祈使句的否定形式
Don't＋动词原形＋其他。如：Don't be late.
Never ＋动词原形＋其他。如：Never let your child play on the street alone.
No＋名词/动名词。如：No fishing！
3．祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
祈使句的答语用一般将来时。如：
—Please remember to bring your homework to school.
—OK，I will.
—Don't eat too much chocolate！
—Sorry，I won't.
在意思较为明显的情况下，可把谓语动词省去。如：This way，please.
易错点三：there be 句型的用法
(2020邵阳)—Well, I'm new in town. _______a bank around here
—Of course. It's just near Chengnan Park.
A. There is B. Is there C. Is it
【详解】句意：——嗯，我是这个镇上新来的。这附近有银行吗？——当然。就在城南公园附近。
考查疑问句。There is有，陈述句；Is there有，there be句型的一般疑问句；Is it它是，一般疑问句。根据上句中的“？”可知，上句应为疑问句，故排除A选项。结合答语“It's just near Chengnan Park”可知，就在城南公园附近，因此可推知问句是询问这附近有没有银行，应用there be句型的一般疑问句，即is there表示“有”。故选B。
(2021乐山)一There ______ a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday.
— I see. I will come and cheer you on.
A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have
【详解】句意：下周日有一场与二班的篮球比赛。———好的，我会来为你加油。考查there be句型以及动词的时态。根据next Sunday可知是一般将来时，用there is going to be。故选B。
知识点再现
there be句型表示“(某处)有某人或某物”，there没有具体意义。
1．there be句型的各种句式
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 There＋be＋主语(＋地点)． There were many trees in the park many years ago.
否定句 There＋be ＋not＋主语(＋地点)． There isn’t any water in the cup.
一般疑问句 —Be＋there＋主语(＋地点) —Yes, there＋be./No, there＋be＋not. —Is there a lake in your school？—No, there isn’t.
反意疑问句 疑问部分用be (not) there There are two balls under the bed, aren’t there？
there be句型的各种时态
常见时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 There is/are There is a bridge below the waterfall.
一般过去时 There was/were... There were many people at the meeting yesterday.
一般将来时 There will be...There is/are going to be... There is going to/will be an important meeting tomorrow.
易错点四：倒装句的用法
(2021西藏)﹣She's never read the book Journey to the West.How about you？
﹣_________ .
A．So am I B．Neither have I C．So have I D．Neither do I
【详解】情况一致，主语不一致。否定句用neither +助动词\情态动词+主语，主语一致。否定句用neither +主语 +助动词\情态动词。
故选：B。
知识点再现
结 构 例 句
So＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语．(主语不是同一个人， 意为“……也是如此”) —Tom has ever been to China.—So has Mike.
Neither＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语．(主语不是同一个人， 表否定) —Li Ping wasn't late for school this morning.—Neither was Tom.
So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词．(主语是同一个人， 意为“的确如此”) —He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.—So he did.
Here/There＋谓语动词＋名词主语．Here/There＋代词主语＋谓语动词． Here comes the bus.Here it is.
易错点五：感叹句的用法
(2021巴中)_______ nice weather it is today !
A.How a B.What a C.What D.How
【详解】答案 C 句意:今天天气真好！本题考查感叹句。根据句型What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!以及weather是不可数名词可知应该选择C项。
(2021龙东)__________ great progress my daughter has made!
A. What a B. How C. What
【详解】答案 C 句意:我女儿取得了多大进步！本题考查感叹句。progress是不可数名词,故用what 。
知识点再现
分类 结构 例句
how引导 How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is!
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! How quickly Tom runs!
what引导 What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful mountain it is!
What+adj.+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! What great inventions he has made!
What+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What bad weather it is today!
易错点六：反义疑问句的用法
（2021龙东）—It is rude to ask direct questions, _______
—Yes, but I think it's OK to your close fiends.
A. isn't it B. doesn't it C. does it
【详解】句意：——直接问问题很无礼，对吧？——是的，但是好朋友之间是可以的。考查反意疑问句。题干为肯定句，可知反意疑问句的陈述部分是否定句句，故选A。
知识点再现
1.反意疑问句的两种基本句型
基本句型 例句
肯定陈述句+否定简略问句 Lucy is from England, isn’t she
否定陈述句+肯定简略问句 Ann doesn’t like apples, does she
注意前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简略问句。完成后一部分的简略问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词的时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词的时态要保持一致。
2.反意疑问句的特殊形式
(1)当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其他”结构时,反意疑问句部分要用“be (not)+there”结构。
There are some bananas in the basket, aren’t there
(2)当陈述部分有hardly, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。
He hardly remembers his old friend’s name, does he
(3)肯定祈使句的反意疑问部分用will you或won’t you皆可;否定祈使句的反意疑问句部分用will you。
Be sure to write to us, will you/won’t you
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you
(4)在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是“I think(believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)+宾语从句”,反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,并要注意否定转移。(简而言之:反从不反主)
I don’t think you have heard of him before, have you
(5)对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,只要事实是肯定的,就用yes, 事实是否定的,就用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。
—He likes playing football, doesn’t he
—Yes, he does.是的,他喜欢。No, he doesn’t.不,他不喜欢。
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易错点归纳与突破
--简单句及特殊句型
2022中考英语
构成 示例
主语＋不及物动词(S ＋ VI) You can't draw on the wall.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S ＋ VT ＋ O) They speak English very well.
主语＋连系动词＋表语(主语补足语)(S ＋ V ＋ P/SC) My mother is a teacher.
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S ＋ VT ＋ IO ＋ DO) He asked me a question.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S ＋ VI.＋ O ＋ OC) I found the story interesting.
简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构的句子，按照句子的用途可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。简单句的基本句型为：
疑问句的用法
易错点一：
(2021甘孜州)---Mike, I wonder we'll go this weekend.
---To the museum.
A. when B. why C. how D. Where
【详解】答案 B 句意:——Mike,我想知道你这周末去哪？——去博物馆。此题考查疑问的用法。根据答语可知是对地点提问。因此选D。
(2021北京)—______shall we meet for the picnic
—At the school gate
A. How B. When C. Why D. Where
【详解】答案 D 句意:——我们在哪里见面野餐 ——在学校门口。本题考查特殊疑问句。由答语中的可知问的是地点。故选D。
用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。
1．一般疑问句
一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实，其结构为①Be＋主语＋其他？②助动词(或情态动词)＋主语＋谓语(动词原形)＋其他？用Yes/No来回答。如：
—Is he a teacher？他是个老师吗？
—Yes，he is./No，he isn't.是的，他是。/不，他不是。
知识点再现
否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：
—Don't you hear of that sound？ (表示惊讶)
—Yes，I do./No，I don't.
2．特殊疑问句
由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。其结构为：特殊疑问词(组)＋一般疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。
疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
(1)疑问代词：可以对主语、表语、宾语、定语提问，有what(对“物”提问)，who(对“人”提问)，which(哪一个；哪一些)，whose(谁的)，whom(宾格“谁”)。如：
—What do you want to eat？—Noodles.
(2)疑问副词：用于对状语提问，有when(何时)，where(在哪里)，why(为什么)和how(怎么样)等。如：
—Where are you from？
—I'm from Japan.
(3)疑问词组how soon，how long，how far，how often等。如：
—How often do you have an English party？
—Once a month.
3．选择疑问句
选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。其答语不用yes或no回答，需根据实际情况用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答。
一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句＋or＋被选择的部分？如：
—Do you like apples or pears？
—I like pears.
特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句＋A or B？如：
—Which do you like better，tea or coffee？
—Coffee.咖啡。
祈使句的用法
易错点二：
(2021呼和浩特) _______to use sunglasses to stop the sun from shining directly in your eyes.
A．Remembering B．To remember
C．Remember D．Not remember
【详解】答案 C 句意:记住要戴太阳镜，防止阳光直射眼睛。。本题考查祈使句。本句为祈使句,其中祈使句应以动词原形开头,故选C。
(2021济南)---____swim in this river. It's quite deep.
---Thanks for telling me.
A.No B.Not C.Don't D.Doesn't
【详解】句意：——不要在河里游泳。水很深。——谢谢告知。考查祈使句。否定祈使句以don't 开头。故选B。
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。在祈使句中，主语you通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。
1．祈使句的肯定形式
动词原形＋其他。如：
Give me the book.
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他。如：
Let me help you.
知识点再现
2．祈使句的否定形式
Don't＋动词原形＋其他。如：
Don't be late.
Never ＋动词原形＋其他。如：
Never let your child play on the street alone.
No＋名词/动名词。如：
No fishing！
3．祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
祈使句的答语用一般将来时。如：
—Please remember to bring your homework to school.
—OK，I will.
—Don't eat too much chocolate！
—Sorry，I won't.
在意思较为明显的情况下，可把谓语动词省去。如：
This way，please.
there be 句型的用法
易错点三：
(2020邵阳)—Well, I'm new in town. _______a bank around here
—Of course. It's just near Chengnan Park.
A. There is B. Is there C. Is it
【详解】句意：——嗯，我是这个镇上新来的。这附近有银行吗？——当然。就在城南公园附近。
考查疑问句。There is有，陈述句；Is there有，there be句型的一般疑问句；Is it它是，一般疑问句。根据上句中的“？”可知，上句应为疑问句，故排除A选项。结合答语“It's just near Chengnan Park”可知，就在城南公园附近，因此可推知问句是询问这附近有没有银行，应用there be句型的一般疑问句，即is there表示“有”。故选B。
(2021乐山)一There ______ a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday.
— I see. I will come and cheer you on.
A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have
【详解】句意：下周日有一场与二班的篮球比赛。———好的，我会来为你加油。考查there be句型以及动词的时态。根据next Sunday可知是一般将来时，用there is going to be。故选B。
there be句型表示“(某处)有某人或某物”，there没有具体意义。
1．there be句型的各种句式
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 There＋be＋主语(＋地点)． There were many trees in the park many years ago.
否定句 There＋be ＋not＋主语(＋地点)． There isn’t any water in the cup.
知识点再现
句式 结构 例句
一般疑问句 —Be＋there＋主语(＋地点) —Yes, there＋be./No, there＋be＋not. —Is there a lake in your school？
—No, there isn’t.
反意疑问句 疑问部分用be (not) there There are two balls under the bed, aren’t there？
there be句型的各种时态
常见时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 There is/are There is a bridge below the waterfall.
一般过去时 There was/were... There were many people at the meeting yesterday.
一般将来时 There will be... There is/are going to be... There is going to/will be an important meeting tomorrow.
倒装句的用法
易错点四：
(2021西藏)﹣She's never read the book Journey to the West.How about you？
﹣_________ .
A．So am I B．Neither have I
C．So have I D．Neither do I
【详解】情况一致，主语不一致。否定句用neither +助动词\情态动词+主语，主语一致。否定句用neither +主语 +助动词\情态动词。
故选：B。
结 构 例 句
So＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语．(主语不是同一个人， 意为“……也是如此”) —Tom has ever been to China.
—So has Mike.
Neither＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语．(主语不是同一个人， 表否定) —Li Ping wasn't late for school this morning.
—Neither was Tom.
知识点再现
结 构 例 句
So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词．(主语是同一个人， 意为“的确如此”) —He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.
—So he did.
Here/There＋谓语动词＋名词主语．Here/There＋代词主语＋谓语动词． Here comes the bus.
Here it is.
感叹句的用法
易错点五：
(2021巴中)_______ nice weather it is today !
A.How a B.What a C.What D.How
【详解】答案 C 句意:今天天气真好！本题考查感叹句。根据句型What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!以及weather是不可数名词可知应该选择C项。
(2021龙东)__________ great progress my daughter has made!
A. What a B. How C. What
【详解】答案 C 句意:我女儿取得了多大进步！本题考查感叹句。progress是不可数名词,故用what 。
分类 结构 例句
how引导 How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is!
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! How quickly Tom runs!
知识点再现
分类 结构 例句
what引导 What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful mountain it is!
What+adj.+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! What great inventions he has made!
What+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What bad weather it is today!
反义疑问句用法
易错点六：
（2021龙东）—It is rude to ask direct questions, _______
—Yes, but I think it's OK to your close fiends.
A. isn't it B. doesn't it C. does it
【详解】句意：——直接问问题很无礼，对吧？——是的，但是好朋友之间是可以的。考查反意疑问句。题干为肯定句，可知反意疑问句的陈述部分是否定句句，故选A。
1.反意疑问句的两种基本句型
基本句型 例句
肯定陈述句+否定简略问句 Lucy is from England, isn’t she
否定陈述句+肯定简略问句 Ann doesn’t like apples, does she
注意前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简略问句。完成后一部分的简略问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词的时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词的时态要保持一致。
知识点再现
2.反意疑问句的特殊形式
(1)当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其他”结构时,反意疑问句部分要用“be (not)+there”结构。
There are some bananas in the basket, aren’t there
(2)当陈述部分有hardly, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。
He hardly remembers his old friend’s name, does he
(3)肯定祈使句的反意疑问部分用will you或won’t you皆可;否定祈使句的反意疑问句部分用will you。
Be sure to write to us, will you/won’t you
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you
(4)在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是“I think(believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)+宾语从句”,反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,并要注意否定转移。(简而言之:反从不反主)
I don’t think you have heard of him before, have you
(5)对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,只要事实是肯定的,就用yes, 事实是否定的,就用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。
—He likes playing football, doesn’t he
—Yes, he does.是的,他喜欢。No, he doesn’t.不,他不喜欢。
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简单句及特殊句型专项练习
单项选择
1．（2021邵阳）—_____ fun it is to go to Mount Lang after the graduation examination!
—Yes. Let’s go together.
A．What B．What a C．How
2．（2021扬州）I can’t believe you made the life—like cat out of paper. How _____ you are!
A．loyal B．creative C．helpful D．organized
3．（2021襄阳）—_____ nice weather it is to go hiking! Would you like to go with me
—Good idea! Let’s go.
A．How a B．How C．What a D．What
4．（2021凉山）—Ivy, _____ hard you are working!
—President Xi always say that the more hard-working we are, the luckier we will be.
A．how B．what C．what a D．what an
5．（2021宿迁）—_____ nice music lesson Mrs Wu gave us today!
—Yes. We enjoyed it very much.
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
6．（2021天水）—They’ve bought the sick children some toys and flowers.
—So they have. _____ nice of them!
A．How B．What C．How a D．What a
7．（2021百色）—_____ fast China is developing!
—Yes, we are so lucky to live in such a great country!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
8．（2021贵阳）Bill went to watch the boat races. _____ fantastic the dragon boat teams were!
A．What B．How C．What a
9．（2021营口）—Look! The kids are playing on the playground.
—_____ great time they are having!
A．What B．How C．What a D．How a
10．（2021青海）—Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, passed away on May 22.
—_____ sad news! His death is a huge loss for our country.
A．How B．What a C．What
11．（2021梧州）—_____ your hands before dinner, Tony.
—No problem, Mom.
A．Wash B．Washes C．Washing D．To wash
12．（2021常州）—I stayed up late to finish my report last night and I feel tired now.
—_____. Sleep is also important.
A．Don’t burn the candle at both ends B．Actions speak louder than words
C．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket D．Many hands make light work
13．（2021菏泽）—Is anything worth seeing in Xi’an
—Yes. Don’t _____ the amazing Terracotta Army.
A．offer B．miss C．share
14．（2021常州）Don’t _____ your child with others because every child is a treasure.
A．compare B．complain C．contact D．consider
15．（2021丹东）If you want to get good grades, _____ in as much effort as possible.
A．putting B．put C．to put D．puts
16．（2021新疆）There _____ an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it
A．are going to be B．was C．will be D．were
17．（2021营口）—I will go swimming this afternoon, Daming.
—If you go, so _____ I.
A．will B．do C．am D．have
18．（2021恩施）—I have never been to Tenglong Cave.
—_____
A．Neither do I. B．So have I. C．Neither have I.
答案
Ⅰ. 1-5 ABDAB 6-10 ACBCC 11-15 AABAB 16-18 CAC
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