课件15张PPT。
There are many reasons why people write poems.
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。
【知识剖析】
名词reason后面可以接why/for which引导的定语从句，在口语中，why还可以省略。例如：
①This is the reason for which/why he was put in prison.
这就是他为什么被关起来的原因。②Is this the reason why/for which he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
③Do you know the reason why he came late?
你知道他迟到的原因吗？
④The reason(why)he died young was his inattention to health.
他早死的原因是他不注意自己身体的健康。【知识拓展】
1)名词reason后面还可以接that引导的定语从句，此时定语从句句子成分不完整，通常缺少宾语或主语。
This is the reason(that)she gave me for doing it.
这是她给予我做这件事的理由。
2)句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句通常采用that引导，表示原因，最好避免使用连词because.
The reason why I'm late is that/because I missed the bus.
我迟到的原因是没赶上公共汽车。3)名词reason后面可以接that引导的同位语从句。
We aren't going, for the simple reason that we can't afford it.
我们不去， 原因很简单： 我们负担不起。
4)名词reason后面可以接for(doing)sth.
The reason for her absence was that she was ill.
她之所以缺席是因为她病了。【知识运用】
(1)(2010北京－32)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that
C. why D. whether
答案：B 本题题意：狄更斯喜欢自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作以他本人的生活为原型。本题考查表语从句的用法。表语从句基本结构完整，排除选项A以及选项C；含义和“是否”无关，选用that. 注意，that引导名词性从句，只具有连接功能，不具有任何含义。(2) Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class________he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A．why
B．that
C．where
D．because
答案：B 本题题意：没有人相信他旷课的原因——他必须到机场去接他叔叔。本题考查同位语从句， 具体解释名词reason的内容。同位语从句成分完整，所以选用连词that.(3)Is this the reason________at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A．he explained B．what he explained
C．how he explained D．why he explained
答案：A 本题题意：这就是他在会议上为自己在工作中所表现出的粗心大意而做出的辩解吗？定语从句中的谓语动词explained 缺少宾语，可以采用关系代词that来指代先行词the reason.此外，关系代词that在句中担任宾语，还可以省略。(4)The reason______their failure you know is________they didn't get fully prepared for the experiment.
A．why; that B．that; why
C．for; that D．why；why
答案：C 本题题意：你知道，实验失败的原因在于他们没有做好充分的准备。当主语为名词the reason时， 表语从句只能采用that来引导， 表示原因，此时避免使用连词because. 此外，由于their failure 为名词， 所以不需要连词why而采用介词for.(5)They lost sight of the reasons______they went to war.
A．that B．which
C．for which D．in which
答案：C 本题题意：他们忽略了他们去打仗的原因。定语从句主要结构完整，需要关系副词引导；此外，先行词为名词reason，采用关系副词why或for which来引导定语从句。课件127张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．t________(vt.) put a mark (√) next to an item on a list, an answer, etc.
2．c________ (adj.) based on facts, not on ideas or guesses
3．f________ (adj.) able to bend easily without breaking
4．t________(v.) change the form of sth
5．t________ (v.)say something to someone in order to have fun6．________ (adj.) 引起矛盾的；好反驳的→________ (vt.)与……相矛盾；反驳
7．________ (adj.) 含盐的；咸的→________ (n.) 盐
8．________ (adj.) 无穷的；无止境的→________ (v.&n.) 结束
9．________ (n.)最低限度；最少量→________ (反义词)
10．________ (n.)翻译；译文→________ (v.)翻译答案：1.tick 2.concrete 3.flexible 4.transform 5.tease 6．contradictory; contradict 7.salty; salt 8.endless; end 9.minimum; maximum 10.translation; translateⅡ.短语
1．make a ________ of 列出……的名单
2．make ________ 讲得通；有意义
3．nursery ________ 童谣
4．stay ________ 熬夜
5．take it ________ 轻松；不紧张
6．run out ________ 用完
7．be made ________ of 由……组成
8．be popular ________ 受……欢迎
9．________ particular 尤其；特别
10．be translated ________ 被译成答案：1.list 2.sense 3.rhyme 4.up 5.easy 6.of 7.up 8.with 9.in 10.into
Ⅲ.课文导读
根据课文内容，选择正确答案。
1．Which of the following can we find in Poem A?
A．Anger. B．Sorrow.
C．Darkness. D．Joy.
答案：D2．Which two poems in the reading passage have rhyming(押韵) words at the end of lines?
A．B and C. B．A and E.
C．A and B. D．G and F.
答案：C
3．What kind of poem does Poem D in the reading passage belong to?
A．Nursery rhymes. B．List Poems.
C．Haiku D．Cinquain.
答案：D4．How many syllables are there in a Haiku Poem?
A．5. B．7.
C．17. D．70.
答案：C
5．How many kinds of poems does the reading passage refer to?
A．Six. B．Five.
C．Four. D．Three.
答案：B
1．convey (v.)
1)～sth(to sb)|～(that...) 表达、传递(思想、感情等)
①What does his message convey to you?
你看他的信息表达的是什么意思？
②I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.
我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。
③It's impossible to convey how lost I felt.
我的失落感无以言表。④This poem conveys(to us)that he loved nature deeply.
这首诗 (向我们) 表达了他对自然的热爱。
2)～sb/sth(from...)(to...) 传送；运送；输送
①Passengers are conveyed by bus to the airport.
用公共汽车载送旅客前往机场。
②Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators.
通过管道把热水从锅炉输送到散热器里。【词语辨析】
convey，transport, bring, carry, take, fetch
这些动词均有“带、拿、取”之意。
1)convey指通过中间人传递信息，或以某种方式把人或物送到目的地。常常含有持续、有规律地运动或流动的意思。
This train conveys both passengers and goods.
这列火车既载人又载货。2)transport指使用车辆或机械设备把人或货物从一处运载到另一处。主要限于人或有形物体的长距离的运动。
The city uses buses to transport students to school.
这城市用公共汽车载送学生去学校。
3)carry指把物品从一个地方带到另一个地方，不涉及方向，只强调方式。
The train carries baggage, mail, and passengers.
火车运送行李、邮件及乘客。4)bring指从某处把人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点，强调方向，不着重方式，但常常表示运动时支撑着某物。
He always brings a bottle of wine(with him)when he comes to dinner.
他来吃饭时总是(随身)带来一瓶酒。
5)take指从说话人或说话人心目中所在处把某人或某物带离开，带到离说话者有一定距离的地方，与bring的方向正相反，侧重方向，不着重方式。
It's your turn to take the dog for a walk.
轮到你去遛狗了。
6)fetch指一往一返，相当于go and bring，去取了东西或带人再返回到出发处。
Should I fetch you your coat/fetch your coat for you from the next room?
要我去隔壁房间把你的大衣拿来吗？【知识运用】
采用convey, transport, bring, carry, take或fetch的适当形式填空：
①A wire________an electric current.
②The chair is in the garden; please________it in.
③They________the bricks in a lorry.
④She________her boyfriend to the party.
⑤The car had________him 500 miles before it broke down.⑥The novel vividly________the experience of growing up during the war.
⑦Don't forget to____________your umbrella with you when you go.
答案：
①conveys 译文：电线传导电流。
②fetch 译文：椅子在花园里， 请把它搬进来。
③transported 译文：他们用卡车运砖。
④brought 译文：她带着男朋友来参加聚会。
⑤carried 译文：汽车载着他行驶了500英里以后抛锚了。
⑥conveys 译文：这本小说生动地描绘了战时成长的经历。
⑦take 译文：你走时别忘了带伞。2．concrete
1)adj.
①确实的；具体的(而非想象或猜测的)
The police have nothing concrete to go on.
警方没有任何确实的东西作依据。
②混凝土制的
They had lain on sleeping bags on the concrete floor.
他们躺在混凝土地板上的睡袋里。2)[U] 混凝土
These buildings are made of concrete and steel.
这些房屋是用钢和混凝土建成的。
3)(v.)～sth(over sth)用混凝土覆盖
The workmen are concreting the road.
工人们在用混凝土铺路。
【知识运用】
(1)Have you got any________proposals?
A．energetic B．concrete
C．smart D．painful
答案：B 本题题意：你有没有具体的建议呢？ concrete表示“确实的，具体的(而非想象或猜测的)”。(2)It is easier to think in________terms rather than in the abstract.
A．concrete B．real
C．solid D．imaginative
答案：A 本题题意：结合具体的事物来思考要比抽象思考容易些。concrete表示“确实的，具体的(而非想象或猜测的)”。3．delight
1)n.
(1)[U] 高兴；愉快；快乐
She ran back home with delight.
她兴高采烈地跑回家。
(2)[C] 令人高兴的事；乐事；乐趣
He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life.
他喜欢纽约夜生活的乐趣。2)(v.) 使高兴；使愉快；使快乐
①He delighted the audience with his performance.
他的表演使观众感到满意。
②She delighted the children with toys/by singing songs.
她用玩具/唱歌逗乐孩子们。
③She delights in her work.
她喜爱她的工作。【知识拓展1】
delighted (adj.)～(to do sth)|～(that...)|～(by/at/with sth) 高兴的；愉快的；快乐的
①I'm delighted at your success/to hear of your success/that you succeeded.
我对你的成功/听到你成功的消息/对你已获成功感到很高兴。
②What you do say is that you're very fond of reading, and I'm delighted by that.
你的确说了你非常喜欢读书，这一点使我感到很高兴。③She was delighted at receiving so many letters.
收到了这么多的信，她感到很愉快。
④I bought it, read it over and over, and was much delighted with it.
我把它买来，读了一遍又一遍，真是趣味盎然。【知识拓展2】
1)take/find/have(a)delight in 喜爱， 以……为乐
He takes great delight in painting.
他爱好绘画。
2)give delight to 使……欢喜；使……高兴
Movies give delight to millions of people.
电影使亿万人获得乐趣。
3)to one's delight 令人高兴的是……
To my real delight, I received a cash award.
我获得了奖金，真高兴。4)with delight很高兴地，欣然
He was wild with delight when he heard the news.
当他听说那消息时欣喜若狂。
5)in delight喜悦地
Jane laughed and clapped in delight as the wind caught the kite and carried it upwards.
当风筝飞起来的时候，简笑了，开心的拍着手。
6)delight in sth/doing sth 以……为乐(尤指做使别人感到尴尬不舒服的事)
He seems to delight in making other people suffer.
他似乎喜好使他人受苦。【知识运用】
(1)I was very surprised, but tried not to show my surprise or my________.
A．delight B．grief
C．sadness D．sorrow
答案：A 本题题意：我非常惊喜，但我尽力不流露我的惊奇或我的喜悦。delight表示“高兴；愉快；快乐”。(2)“Oh, I'm so glad, Mr.Zhao，”said Miss Fan, clapping her hands________delight. We share exactly the same opinion.
A．on B．with
C．in D．at
答案：C 本题题意：范小姐快乐地拍手掌道：“赵先生，我真高兴，你的意见跟我完全相同”。in delight表示“喜悦地”。4．flexible (adj.)
1)能适应新情况的；灵活的；可变动的
We need a foreign policy that is more flexible.
我们需要一个更为灵活的外交政策。
2)柔韧的；可弯曲的；有弹性的
This tube is flexible but tough.
这管子柔软但很坚固。【知识运用】
(1)(2010山东－35) Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A. heavy B. smooth
C. flexible D. complex
答案：C 本题题意：在外工作的母亲时间安排应该灵活，以便照看子女。flexible schedules表示“灵活的时间安排”。(2)We can visit your company on Monday or Tuesday; our plans are fairly________.
A．particular B．generous
C．responsible D．flexible
答案：D 本题题意：我们可以在星期一或星期二到你们公司来，我们的计划是相当灵活的。flexible表示“能适应新情况的；灵活的；可变动的”。5．branch (n.)
1)(树)树枝
A broken branch, caught up by the gale, smashed against the house.
狂风把一根断枝刮来，撞在屋子上。
2)(公司)分支；分部；分行；分店
The bank has branches all over the country.
该银行在全国各地均有分行。
3)(河；路)支流；支路；支线
The river has three main branches.
这条河有三条主要的支流。4)(学科及语言的)分支
English is a branch of the Germanic family of languages.
英语是日耳曼语系的一个分支。
图解branch的一词多义：【知识运用】
(1)The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has________all over the country.
A．companies B．branches
C．organizations D．businesses
答案：B 本题题意：这家银行的总部在北京，但它的分公司遍布全国各地。branch表示“(公司)分支；分部；分行；分店”。(2)A Party________committee meeting will be called to block out a plan of action.
A．company B．branch
C．unit D．line
答案：B 本题题意：将要召开党支部委员会制订行动计划。a Party branch表示“党支部”。6．transform (v.)
1)～sth/sb(from sth)(into sth) 使改变形态
A generator transforms mechanical energy into electricity.
发电机将机械能变成电。
2)使改变外观(或性质)；使改观
The Smiths have transformed their garage into a guest house.
史密斯一家把他们的车库改成了客房。【知识拓展1】
transform...into... 把……变成……
①A steam engine transforms heat into power.
蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。
②I believe she would transform me into a talker.
我相信，她会把我这个沉默寡言的人变成个碎嘴子。【知识拓展2】
1)change...into/to... 使……变成……
They are changing desert into farmland.
他们正在使沙漠变为农田。
2)turn...into...使……变成……
They are turning waste land into paddy fields.
他们正在使荒地变为稻田。
3)convert...into...
They converted the garage into a theater.
他们将车库改成戏院。【词语辨析】
transform, convert
这两个动词都含有“使某物在形、性、状等方面改变”的意思。
1)transform指“人、物在性质上或形态上发生彻底或基本的变化”。
Water can transform a desert into a garden.
水能把一片不毛之地变成一座花园。
2)convert指“使某物从一种状态或情况转变为他种状态或情况”， 特指“使适于新的用途或目的而转变”。
We converted boxes into furniture.
我们把箱子改制成家具。【知识运用】
(1)A little paint will soon________this old car.
A．translate B．transform
C．transfer D．transport
答案：B 本题题意：只要喷上一点油漆就会马上使这部旧车变个模样。transform表示“使改变外观(或性质)；使改观”。(2)She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely________her.
A．converted B．transformed
C．translated D．turned
答案：B 本题题意：她过去十分腼腆，但在国外呆了一年以后完全变了。transform表示“使改变外观(或性质)；使改观”。
1．Ma ke sense
1)有道理；有意义；讲得通
I can't follow these instructions——they don't make sense.
我不理解这些指示——根本讲不通嘛。
2)是明智的；合乎情理
It would make sense to leave early.
早点离开是明智的。 3)表述清楚；易于理解；道理明显
John wasn't making much sense on the phone.
约翰在电话里说得不大清楚。
【知识拓展】
make sense of sth 理解，弄懂(不易理解的事物)
①I can't make sense of that painting.
我看不懂那幅画。
②Can you make sense of what this writer is saying?
你能了解这个作家在讲什么吗？【知识运用】
(1)I have read the material several times but it doesn't make any________to me.
A．meaning B．importance
C．sense D．significance
答案：C 本题题意：这些材料我已经读了几遍，但是我搞不清什么意思。make sense表示“有道理；有意义；讲得通”。(2)Please remember that it________to take care of your health.
A．makes sense B．makes out
C．makes clear D．makes it
答案：A 本题题意：请记住保持身体健康是明智的。make sense表示“明智的、合乎情理”。make out表示“看透，弄懂(某人)；理解，明白(事理)；看清，听清，分清，辨认清楚(特别是在有困难的情况下)”。例如：I can't make out what she wants. 我不明白她想要什么。make it表示“及时到达、成功”。例如：Stick to it and you'll make it. 坚持下去， 就会成功。(3)Even though the speaker had a strong accent，Henry could catch on to his story，but Tom couldn't______it at all.
A．get rid of B．make sense of
C．keep in touch with D．fit in with
答案：B 本题题意：尽管演讲者地方口音很重，但是亨利能听懂他的话，而汤姆却一点儿也听不懂。make sense of sth 表示“理解，弄懂(不易理解的事物)”。2．stay up
1)深夜不睡；熬夜
①Please don't stay up for me, I may be late.
不要迟睡等我，我可能会晚回来的。
②He stays up late most nights, reading business reports.
他常常熬夜看业务报告。2)不下降
①If his temperature stays up all day, call the doctor.
假如他的体温居高不下，就请医生吧。
②The temporary roof won't stay up much longer.
那临时屋顶挺不了多久。
【知识拓展】
1)stay away(from sb/sth)离开，不接近(某人)；不去(某处)
He told his children to stay away from dangerous electrical things.
他叫他的孩子们不要接近危险的电器。
2)stay in 待在家里；不外出
The doctor advised him to stay in for a few days.
医生劝他几天内不要外出。
3)stay out 待在户外；不在家；(晚上)不回家
The child stayed out all night.
那孩子彻夜未归。4)stay out of sth
(1)不介入；不干预
Please stay out of my business and I will stay out of yours.
请别管我的事，我也不干涉你的事。
(2)避开；远离
His father told him to stay out of trouble.
他父亲叫他避开是非之地。【知识运用】
(1)She________all night writing the paper with a pot of coffee at her elbow.
A．kept up B．made up
C．taken up D．stayed up
答案：D 本题题意：她熬了一整夜写论文，身边放着一壶咖啡。stay up表示“深夜不睡；熬夜”。(2)采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①Let's stay________tonight and read instead of going to a movie.
②I preferred to stay________in the cold rather than spending the night there.
③Owing to still very weak, she can not stay______late long time.
④Tell the noisy boys to stay________.
⑤To lose weight, you should stay________from rich food.⑥If you want to stay________trouble, you'd best not make any mistakes.
⑦My trousers only stay________if I wear a belt.
答案：① in 译文：咱们今晚不去看电影，呆在家里看书吧。
② out 译文：我宁可待在外面受冻，也不愿意在那里过夜。
③ up 译文：由于还很虚弱，她不能长时间熬夜。
④ away 译文：叫那些吵闹的男孩子们走开。
⑤ away 译文：你要减肥，就别吃油腻食品。
⑥ out of 译文：如果你不想找麻烦，你最好别犯任何错误。
⑦ up 译文：我这条裤子要是不系皮带就往下掉。3．take it easy 别急；沉住气；从容点
①Take it easy. We'll take care of everything.
别着急。一切由我们照料。
②Take it easy, there is no need to be nervous.
放松一点，没有必要紧张。【知识拓展】
1)take it/things easy 放松；休息；别过分劳累
①You've been working hard all afternoon, Steve. Sit down and take it easy for a few minutes.
斯蒂夫，你已经辛苦了一个下午，坐下放松一会儿。
②The doctor said that Bob would have to take things easy for a while after the operation.
医生说鲍勃手术之后要休息一段时间，不要劳累。2)take one's time(over sth)|take one's time to do sth/doing sth从容不迫；慢慢来
①It is better to take your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes.
做这份工作还是慢慢来好些，不要匆忙弄出错误。
②It's an important decision for you, so take your time to think it over.
对你来说，这是一个十分重要的决定，仔细考虑一下吧。【知识运用】
(1)(2008重庆－34)—I am afraid I can't return the book to you before Friday.
—________.
A．Don't be afraid B．Be careful
C．Not at all D．Take your time
答案：D 本题题意：“恐怕周五之前我无法把书还给你了。”“别着急”。“take one's time(over sth)|take one's time to do sth/doing sth表示“从容不迫；慢慢来”。(2)(2008浙江－1) —Are you all right?
—________.
A．That's OK B．I think so
C．Take it easy D．It's very kind of you
答案：B 本题题意：“你好吗？”“我想是这样的(我想身体还不错)。”so用作 say, call, speak, tell, think, hope, expect, suppose, imagine, fear, hear, do等动词的宾语，指刚说过的事情，表示“这样，如此”。例如：He hopes to have a scholarship, and I hope so, too. 他希望能获得奖学金， 我也希望那样。(3)(2008辽宁－34) —My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you?
—________.
A．If you don't mind B．Not at all
C．Take it easy D．Nice to meet you
答案：A 本题题意：“我名叫乔纳森。我为你拼写一下，好吗？”“那可太好了。”If you don't mind.用于欣然接受对方的帮助。(4)—What's wrong with your father?
—He has a bad cold.
—________and that I hope he feels better.
—Thanks. I'll tell him.
A．Well, tell him to take it easy
B．My pleasure
C．Don't mention it
D．Forget it答案：A 本题题意：“你父亲怎么了？”“他得了重感冒。”“告诉他不要着急，我希望他很快会好的。”“谢谢。我会转告的。”take it easy表示“别急；沉住气”。4．run out(of)用尽 耗尽(供应品)
①Could I have a cigarette? It seems to have run out.
给我支烟抽可以吗？我的烟好像抽完了。
②We are running out of petrol.
我们的汽油快用光了。【知识拓展1】
1)run out 用完，耗尽
The petrol is running out.
汽油快用光了。
2)give out 用光，耗尽
Their determination finally gave out/ran out.
他们最终没了决心。
3)use up用完， 耗尽
Don't use up all the soap. Leave me some to wash with.
不要把肥皂用尽，留一些给我洗。【知识拓展2】
1)run across sb/sth 偶然遇见(或看到)
I just thought you might have run across him before.
我刚刚在想你以前可能偶然碰见过他。
2)run after sb 追求
He has been running after her for months, but she isn't interested in him at all.
他追求她好几个月了，可她对他根本不感兴趣。3)run after sb/sth 追逐；追赶
Don't bother running after the bus; you'll never catch it.
别费劲去追赶那辆公共汽车了，你怎么也赶不上的。
4)run away(from...) 突然离开；逃离
Children who run away from home normally go to London.
逃离家庭的孩子一般都去伦敦。
5)run away from sth 避开；躲避；回避
You can't just run away from the situation.
这事你没法回避。
6)run into sb 偶然遇见，碰到某人
I unexpectedly ran into him on the street yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我在街上偶然碰见了他。7)run into sth
(1)途中遭遇(恶劣天气)
Their ship ran into a strong gale at sea.
他们那条船在海上遇到了大风。
(2)遇到(困难等)
You will certainly run into many difficulties，but you must not give up.
你一定会遇到很多困难，但不能放弃。8)run into sb/sth 撞上
Suddenly he lost control of his bike and ran into a lamppost.
他突然控制不住自己的自行车，一下子撞到了电线杆上。【知识运用】
(1)(2008江苏－31) —I'm still working on my project.
—Oh, you'll miss the deadline. Time is________.
A．running out B．going out
C．giving out D．losing out
答案：A 本题题意：“我仍然在做这个研究课题。”“哎呀，你要错过截止日期了。时间不多了。”run out表示“用完；耗尽”，不及物短语动词。(2)(2007福建－33)The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was________on the radio yesterday.
A．turned out B．found out
C．given out D．carried out
答案：C 本题题意：市长来我们学校参观的消息昨天在广播电台中播放了。give out表示“公布，宣布，播放”。(3)What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has________？
A．given out B．put out
C．held up D．used up
答案：A 本题题意：当地球上所有的石油用完后，我们将使用何种能源？give out表示“用光，耗尽”。(4)采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①Their food was running________fast so the climbers had to return.
②The policemen are running________a prisoner who escaped last night.
③When I ran________a problem while making my model airplane, I asked my father for help.
④Looking at all the accusing faces, she felt a sudden urge to run________.
⑤I ran________the article in yesterday's newspaper.⑥If you travel alone in that forest, you may run________danger.
答案： ① out 译文：食品很快就要用完了，因此登山者只好返回。
② after 译文：警察在追捕一名昨夜逃跑的犯人。
③ into 译文：当我在做飞机模型遇到困难时，我请我父亲帮忙。
④ away 译文：看着一张张脸上那责备的神情，她突然想赶快溜走。
⑤ across 译文：我在昨天的报纸上偶然发现了这篇文章。
⑥ into 译文：如果你独个儿在那片森林里行走，你会遇到危险的。5．make up
1)编造故事(或谎言等)
The boy made up a story; it was not true.
男孩编了个故事，这故事不是真的。
2)形成；构成
Women make up 40% of the student numbers.
女生占学生人数的40%.
3)化妆；化装
She made up her face to look prettier.
她把脸化了妆以便看上去漂亮些。4)补上(失去的东西)；作出补偿
Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow.
我今天下午早点走，明天补上这段时间，可以吗？【知识拓展】
1)make up one's mind 作出决定；下决心
They're both beautiful——I can't make up my mind.
两人都很漂亮——我难以决定。
2)make up for sth 弥补；补偿
Her enthusiasm makes up for her lack of experience.
她的热情弥补了她经验的不足。【词语辨析】
make up, make up for
两个短语动词均含有“弥补”之意。
1)make up 表达“弥补、补偿”之意时，其宾语是耽误了的事。
How can we make up to you for what you have suffered?
我们如何补偿你所遭受的损害？2)make up for 指用其他方式来平衡，其宾语为补偿的目的。
After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.
耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
【知识运用】
(1)(2008浙江－14) American Indian________about five percent of the U．S. population.
A．fill up B．bring up
C．make up D．set up
答案：C 本题题意：美国的印第安人约占全国总人口的5%。make up表示“形成；构成”。(2)Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and________jokes.
A．turning up B．putting up
C．making up D．showing up
答案：C 本题题意：村里的每一个人都喜欢杰克，因为他擅长讲述和编故事。make up 表示“编造故事(或谎言等)”。(3)Happily for John's mother, he is working harder to________his lost time.
A．make up for B．keep up with
C．catch up with D．make use of
答案：A 本题题意：令约翰母亲感到高兴的是，约翰正在努力学习以弥补失去的时间。make up for lost time 表示“补回失去的时间”。6．bow to
1)向……鞠躬
①All the people in the court bowed to the queen when she entered.
女王进来时，宫中所有的人都向她鞠躬致意。
②The captain stepped up to the side of the carriage and bowed to the lady.
船长走到马车旁，向那女子鞠了一躬。2)屈从于
①I will bow to the decision of the committee though I disagree with it.
我虽然不同意委员会作出的决定，但我还是会服从的。
②Though I should have thought otherwise，I will bow to your judgement.
虽然我另有考虑，但我同意你的判断。【知识运用】
(1)The crowd approved the choice and Stumpy was wise enough to bow________the majority.
A．on B．with
C．to D．for
答案：C 本题题意：这个选择大伙儿都同意，斯顿皮也聪明地顺从了大家的意见。bow to 表示“屈从于”。(2)I can't agree with you but I________your greater experience and knowledge.
A．approve of B．lead to
C．bow to D．accuse of
答案：C 本题题意：虽然我不同意你的意见，但我佩服你经验和知识比我丰富。7．in particular
1)尤其；特别；格外
①I am interested in stories in general, and in detective stories in particular.
我总的来说对小说感兴趣，尤其是对侦探小说感兴趣。
②She stressed that point in particular.
她特别强调了那一点。2)特殊的；专门的；具体的
①—Is there anything in particular you'd like for dinner?
—No, nothing in particular.
“正餐你有什么特别喜欢的菜吗？”“没有， 什么都行。”
②He studies in particular the fishes of the Indian Ocean.
他专门研究印度洋的鱼类。【知识拓展1】
be particular(about/over sth)讲究；挑剔
①She is particular about/over what she eats.
她过分讲究吃。
②Chinese people are particular about/over the feelings and confidence that clothes bring out.
中国人讲究：穿出感觉来，穿出自信来。【知识拓展2】
1)in common 共有；共有
We have a kitchen in common.
我们的厨房是共用的。
2)in total总共
That will cost you 7.50 in total.
你总共要花7.50英镑。
3)in general
(1)通常；大体上
In general, the bus is here by 9 am.
通常公共汽车是9点前到达这里。(2)总的说来；从整体上看
In general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful.
总的说来， 她的作品不错， 不过这篇文章糟透了。
4)in brief简言之；一言以蔽之
Please tell me what happened in brief, don't go into details.
扼要地告诉我发生了什么，不必讲得太详细。
5)in short 总之；简言之
In short, I am interested in all of the sports.
简而言之， 我对一切运动都感兴趣。【知识运用】
(1)In________， the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
A．common B．total
C．general D．Particular
答案：C 本题题意：总的说来，北方人喜爱饺子，然而南方人却喜爱米饭。in general (＝as a whole) 表示“总的说来；从总体上看”。(2)You must ensure that, in________， users can easily tell which items are selected and which are not.
A．common B．total
C．general D．particular
答案：C 本题题意：特别是，你必须确保用户能轻易地辨别哪些项目已经选定，哪些项目没有选定。in particular表示“尤其；特别；格外”。(3)It's a long letter, but in________， he says“No.”
A．short B．brief
C．general D．particular
答案：B 本题题意：这是封长信，但简单地说，他就是“不同意。”in brief表示“简言之；一言以蔽之。”
1．The poem may not make sense and even contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.
童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背。【知识剖析】
在they are easy to learn and recite中，不定式to learn and recite采用主动形式表示被动含义。不定式修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，如果和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的“动宾”关系，不定式通常采用主动形式表示被动含义；这是因为可以看作把for sb. 给省略了。常见的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, expensive, convenient, impossible, interesting, pleasant, comfortable, nice, dangerous, fit, bad, good等。例如：①Some books are interesting to read, but boring to learn.
有些书读起来很有趣，但学起来很乏味。
②English is difficult to learn well in a short time.
英语难以在短时间内学好。
③Looking through the book, he found it difficult to understand.浏览了一下这本书，他发现这本书的内容很难懂。
④They found the subject hard to understand.
他们发现这个题目很难理解。
⑤This way made the problem easy to understand.
这种方法使这个问题容易理解了。
【知识运用】
(1)(2010四川－11) In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ________.
A. to deal with B. dealing with
C. to be dealt with D. dealt with
答案：A 本题题意：在许多人看来，那家公司虽然规模相对较小，但很好打交道。不定式(短语)修饰担任表语或补足语的形容词时，不定式(短语)通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。(2)(2008全国1－26) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good________.
A．to be breathed B．to breathe
C．breathing D．being breathed
答案：B 本题题意：在夏季，我喜欢早起。呼吸清晨的空气有益于身心。本句还可以转换为：It is so good(for us)to breathe the morning air. 不定式(短语)修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。(3)They found the lecture hard________； they all felt sleepy.
A．to be understood
B．for understanding
C．to understand
D．to have been understood
答案：C 本题题意：他们发现这个讲座的内容很难懂，所以他们都有恹恹欲睡的感觉。不定式修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，如果和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)The days________we spent together on the farm are not easy________.
A．when; to forget
B．which; to be forgotten
C．that; to forget
D．/; to be forgotten答案：C 本题题意：我们在农场一起度过的时光难以忘记。第一个空考查定语从句中的引导词，由于定语从句中谓语动词spent后缺少宾语，所以采用关系代词which/that引导；第二空考查“不定式修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，如果和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常采用主动形式表示被动含义”。
2．With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。【知识剖析】
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from为with的复合结构，在句中担任原因状语。“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”所构成的复合结构在句中还可以担任定语。作状语时表示伴随情况或者原因。此外，在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，补足语成分可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式，介词短语，形容词或副词等。1)with＋宾语＋现在分词(短语)
①When mother went into the house, she found her baby was sleeping in bed, with his lips moving.
当妈妈走进房子的时候，她发现自己的孩子正睡在床上，嘴唇一直在动。
②My aunt lives in the room with the windows facing south.
我姑妈住在那间窗户朝南开的房间。2)with＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)
①With more and more forests damaged，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
由于越来越多的森林遭到破坏，一些动植物正面临着灭绝的危险。
②With his legs broken, he had to lie in bed for a long time.
他双腿都断了，只得长时间躺在床上。3)with＋宾语＋不定式(短语)
①With so many children to look after, the nurse is busy all the time.
有这么多的孩子需要照顾，保育员一直都很忙。
②With a lot of papers to correct, Mr. Li didn't attend the party.
李老师有许多试卷需要批改，所以没有参加聚会。
③With Li Ping to help us，I'm sure we can finish our task.
有李平来帮助我们，我敢肯定我们一定能完成任务。4)with＋宾语＋副词
①You should read with the radio off.
在看书的时候应该把收音机关掉。
②With the temperature up, we had to open all the windows.
气温上升，我们不得不打开所有的窗户。5)with＋宾语 ＋形容词
①With the window open, I felt a bit cold.
窗户开着，我感到有点冷。
②It was cold outside, the boy ran into the room with his nose red.
外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进屋子时，鼻子红红的。6)with＋宾语＋介词短语
①The woman with a baby in her arms is getting on the bus.
怀里抱着婴儿的那位妇女正在上车。
②John starts to work very clearly in the morning and goes on working until late in the afternoon with a break at midday.
约翰早上开始工作，中午稍作休息后又接着工作到下午稍晚些时候。【知识运用】
(1)(2010山东－29) The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ________ for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid B. laying
C. to lay D. being laid
答案：A 本题题意：客厅干净、整洁，已经摆放了准备煮饭的餐桌。本题考查with复合结构的用法。动作lay(搁放)与名词table之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，采用过去分词形式，表示动作上“被动”以及时间概念上的“完成”。(2)(2009海南－15)Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions________？
A．taking B．take
C．taken D．to take
答案：C 本题题意：既然我们已经讨论了问题，人们对做出的决定感到满意吗？本题考查过去分词担任后置定语，表示逻辑关系上的“被动”，以及时间概念上的“完成”。(3)(2008福建－34) You have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much.
A．for B．when
C．with D．while
答案：C 本题题意：你简直无法想像她在脚伤如此严重的情况下是如何完成接力赛的。本题考查“with＋宾语＋宾补”(with的复合结构)的用法。(4)(2007安徽－29) John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work______， he gladly accepted it.
A．finished
B．finishing
C．having finished
D．was finished
答案：A 本题题意：约翰收到了晚餐邀请， 由于工作已经完成了，他高兴地接受了邀请。本题考查with的复合结构，即：with＋宾语＋宾补。本题采用过去分词担任宾补，表示一个已经完成的被动动作。(5)—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work________my mind, I almost break down.
A．filled B．filling
C．to fill D．being filled
答案：B 本题题意：“快点吧，让我了解一下这个项目”。“抱歉，我脑子里有这么多的工作，我几乎就要崩溃了。”本题考查“with＋宾语＋宾补”，采用现在分词的一般式担任宾补，表示一个正在发生的主动动作。(6)________two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A．With B．Besides
C．As for D．Because of
答案：A 本题题意：由于担心两门考试，本周末我得用功了。本题考查介词with后接复合宾语的用法。(7)It was a pity that the great writer died________his works unfinished.
A．for B．with
C．from D．of
答案：B 本题题意：真遗憾， 这位伟大的作家作品没有完成就去世了。本题考查with的复合结构， 形容词unfinished表示状态。
(8)With a lot of difficult problems________， the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A．to settle B．settling
C．settled D．being settled答案：A 本题题意：大量的难题需要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。本题考查with的复合结构；根据所提供的语境可知：由于总统新当选，众多的难题还没解决，属于现在和将来时间概念，采用不定式作补语。此外，difficult problems与动词settle之间尽管存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，但由于句子的主语the newly-elected president恰好是动作settle的执行者，所以不定式采用主动形式表示被动含义。过去分词settled做宾补表示问题已经被解决；现在分词的被动式being settled作宾补虽然表达被动含义，但表示问题正在被解决。现在分词settling表示主动关系；动作正在发生。以上三者均不合题意。
课件54张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．The last ________ (部分) sums up all the arguments on either side.
2．The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing ________ (光秃秃的) rock.
3．Many ________ (空的) spaces are still left in the suburbs.
4．Plain, simple clothes are a ________ for school wear.
5．He gave me an apple in e________ for an orange.
答案：1.section 2.bare 3.blank 4.appropriate 5.exchangeⅡ.短语
1．作为交换________
2．对某事是适当的________
3．到……时候________
4．如此……以致……________
5．as...as one can ________
6．used to ________
7．by chance ________
8．be good at ________
答案：1.in exchange for 2.be appropriate to/for sth 3.by the time... 4.so...that... 5.尽可能 6.过去常常 7.偶然地；碰巧地 8.擅长于……
1．appropriate (adj.)～(for/to sth) 合适的；适当的
①She picked up a dress appropriate for the occasion.
她挑了一件适合该场合穿的衣服。
②Write in a style appropriate to your subject.
用与你的题目相称的体裁写。
③Is now an appropriate time to make a speech?
现在发表演讲是不是时候？【词语辨析】
appropriate, proper, fit, suitable
这些形容词均表示“适当的”或“适合的”之意。
1)appropriate指专门适合于某人或某事，语气较重，强调“恰如其分”。
His casual clothes were not appropriate for such a formal occasion.
他的便服，不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。2)proper往往侧重于符合某个标准或习惯。描写的是与伦理、风俗或礼仪相符而和谐的或是自然的， 含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义。
They'll visit the country again at a proper time.
他们将在适当的时间再次访问这个国家。
3)fit指具有适合于某个目的，某种工作或某种用途等必需的品质或条件。
After the interview, the employer concluded that she was fit for the job.
面试后老板下结论说她能胜任这项工作。4)suitable指具有适合于某种特定场合、地位或情况等的品质。
This toy is not suitable for young children.
这个玩具不适合小孩玩。【知识运用】
采用appropriate, proper, fit或suitable填空：
①This food is not________for your visitors.
②His mother has trained him to be a very________young man.
③The book was written in a style________to the age of the children.
④The house is not________for you to live in.
⑤The pages aren't in________order.
⑥He was just not________for the job.
⑦You will be informed of the details at the________time.答案：
①fit 译文：这食物对你的客人来说不合适。
②proper 译文：他的母亲已经把他训练成循规蹈矩的人。
③appropriate 译文：这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。
④fit 译文：那幢房子不适合你住。
⑤proper 译文：这些页数次序不对。
⑥suitable/fit 译文：他就是不适合干这份工作。
⑦appropriate/proper 译文：在适当的时候将把详情告诉你。2．exchange
1)v.
(1)～sth (with sb) 交换；交流；调换
We exchanged our opinions about the event at the meeting.
在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。
(2)～A for B 兑换；交易；更换
I'd like to exchange some pounds for dollars.
我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。2)n.
(1)[C & U] 交换；互换；交流；调换
An exchange of opinions is helpful.
相互交换意见是有益的。
(2)[C] 交谈；对话；争论
The Prime Minister was involved in a heated exchange with opposition MPs.
首相参与了和下院反对党议员的激烈辩论。(3)[U] 兑换；汇兑
What is the rate of exchange between the pound and the dollar?
英镑与美元的兑换率是多少？
(4)[C](不同国家或团体之间的)交流、互访
The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries are daily on the increase.
两国之间的技术合作和文化交流正在与日俱增。【知识拓展】
1)in exchange for 以……换
He gave me an apple in exchange of an orange.
他给我一个苹果，交换一个橙子。
2)make an exchange 交换
When an owner is interested in others' property instead of his own, he accordingly tries to make an exchange.
当财产权利者对他们的某一财产产生兴趣，而对自己所拥有的财产失去经营价值时，他就想用自己的财产换取他所感兴趣的财产。3)on the stock exchange 在证券交易上， 在证券买卖上
Heavy gains were recorded on the Stock Exchange today.
今日股票价格大幅上升。
4)exchange words 争吵， 吵架
They exchanged angry words before the meeting but were finally persuaded to agree.
他们在会议前争吵起来， 经劝说最后言归于好。【知识运用】
(1)(2010湖北－30) It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them.
A. in preference to B. in place of
C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
答案：D 本题题意：公职人员向人们索取礼品或金钱进行利益交换是违法的。in exchange for 表示“作为．..的交换；(以…)交换”。(2)This will give us an opportunity to talk about investment and________views. Do let me know if you can make it.
A．express B．transform
C．exchange D．switch
答案：C 本题题意：这将为我们论讨投资问题和交换意见提供良好的机会。望提前通知我您能否出席。exchange表示“交换；交流；调换”。3．blank (adj.)
1)空白的
He handed me a blank check.
他递给我一张空白支票。
2)空的；无图画(或标记、装饰)的
Suddenly the screen went blank.
屏幕突然变成一片空白。
3)没表情的、不理解的、不感兴趣的
I tried to tell her the truth, but she just gave me a blank look.
我想告诉她事实真相，但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。 3．blank (adj.)
1)空白的
He handed me a blank check.
他递给我一张空白支票。
2)空的；无图画(或标记、装饰)的
Suddenly the screen went blank.
屏幕突然变成一片空白。
3)没表情的、不理解的、不感兴趣的
I tried to tell her the truth, but she just gave me a blank look.
我想告诉她事实真相，但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。 【词语辨析】
blank, open, empty, hollow
这些形容词都有“空的”之意。
1)blank指上面没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面，或指上面留着准备被填写的空白处。
Write your name, address and telephone number in the blank spaces at the top of the page.
在这一页顶的空白处写上你的姓名、地址和电话号码。2)open指未被占有，从而可被别人得到的。
In front of us we saw a stretch of open fields.
我们看到在我们的身前是一片开阔的田野。
3)empty指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意义的。
The streets were almost empty.
街上几乎空无一人。
4)hollow指物体中间是空的。
This tree looks high and strong but actually its trunk is hollow.
这棵树看起来又高又壮，实际上树干是空的。【知识运用】
采用blank, open, empty或hollow填空：
①These chocolate eggs are all________.
②He didn't want to retire and lead a/an________life.
③Write on one side of the page and leave the other side________.
④I can't think where I've left my umbrella; my mind's a complete________！
⑤I'm not convinced your idea will work, but I'll keep a/an________mind for the moment.⑥Looking at a paper assignment, my mind often went________：ANY topics in ancient Greek history?
⑦The position is still________.
⑧If we politely request another table in an otherwise________restaurant, we expect to be accommodated.
答案：
①hollow 译文：这些巧克力蛋都是空心的。
②empty 译文：他不想退休过空虚的生活。
③blank 译文：在这页的一边写字， 另一边空着。
④blank 译文：我想不起来把伞丢在哪儿了， 一点印象都没有！
⑤open 译文：我还没想通是否你的意见可行，不过我先考虑一下。
⑥blank 译文：当我看着布置下来的论文时，脑子里往往是一片空白：有关古希腊史的“任何”题目？⑦open 译文：那个职位仍空缺着。
⑧empty 译文：在人少的餐馆，我们如果礼貌地要求换另一个座位时，我们希望服务员接受我们的要求。
虚拟语气(2)
1．虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用
1)主语从句
在it is a pity, it is a shame, it is no wonder, it is strange, it is natural, it is necessary, it is important, it is impossible, it is surprising, it is desired, it is suggested, it was ordered, it has been decided, it is demanded, it is insisted, it is requested等结构后面的主语从句中。①It is necessary that the problem(should)be discussed at once.
立刻讨论这个问题很有必要。
②It has been decided that the meeting(should)be put off.
已经决定推迟这个会议。2)宾语从句
一些含有假设，猜想，建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用“should＋动词原形”结构，should往往可以省略。这类动词有：advise, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。
①She commanded that we(should)attack at once.
她命令我们必须立刻进攻。
②I demand that John go there at once.
我要求约翰必须立刻到那儿去。3)表语从句以及同位语从句
在名词suggestion, order, proposal, demand, plan, idea, desire, advice, decision等后面的表语从句或同位语从句中。
①My suggestion is that we(should)go and help him.
我的建议是我们应该去帮助他。
②It is our idea that she(should)go to America for further education.
我们的看法是她应该去美国进修。2．特殊结构
1)It's(high, about)time that...
①It is time that somebody taught you/should teach you to behave yourself.
该有人来教一教你怎样规矩一些。
②It's time I went and picked my girl from school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。2)as if/though...
①He talked as if/though he had been there before.
他讲起话来就好像他以前去过那似的。
②I've loved you as if you were my son.
我一直爱你就仿佛你是我的儿子。
3)would rather sb did/had done...
①I would rather you came tomorrow than today.
我希望你是今天来而不是明天来。
②I would rather you had not made any comment on the issue at the meeting.
我宁愿你在会议上对这个问题不发表任何评论。4)I wish that sb did/had done/would do…(wish自身的时态并不影响从句谓语动词的形式。)
①I wish that I knew something about programming.
我希望我懂一点程序设计就好了。
②I wish I had not spoken like that.
我希望我没那样讲。
③I wish that you would get younger and younger.
但愿你越来越年轻。5)if only...
①If only I had not been busy last week!
要是上周我不忙该多好啊！
②If only she knew how I missed her.
但愿她知道我多想念她。
6)Would you mind if sb did...
①Would you mind if I opened the window?
如果我打开窗户，你不反对吧？
②Would you mind if I took one of the pictures?
我拿走一张画，你介意吗？语法专练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．(2010江苏－34) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused
C. would focus D. had focused答案：B 本题题意：乔治打算讲一讲他们国家的地理，但是我宁愿他重点谈论一下他们国家的文化。如果主句中含有would rather, would sooner或would prefer，则宾语从句要用过去时表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表达希望或婉转的责备。2．—Would you have called her up had it been possible?
—Yes, but I________busy doing my homework.
A．was B．were
C．had been D．would be
答案：A 本题题意：“如果当时可能的话，你会给她打电话吗？”“是的，但是我当时忙于做作业。”本题通过虚拟语气结构考查时态。说话人客观陈述了发生在过去的一件事，采用一般过去时。3．Jane would never have gone to the party________that Mary would come to see her.
A．has she known B．had she known
C．if she know D．if she has known
答案：B 本题题意：如果简知道玛莉来看望她，她绝不会去参加聚会。在虚拟语气结构中，如果条件状语从句的谓语动词中含有were, had, should, 可以省略连词if, 把were, had, should放在主语前构成倒装结构。4．If I________it, I would do it in a different way.
A．am to do B．were to do
C．do D．have done
答案：B 本题题意：要是我来做这件事，我会用不同的方式来做。表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想，主句的谓语动词部分可以采用 should do, were to do或一般过去时的形式。5．Without air, there________no living things.
A．will be B．wouldn't have been
C．would be D．wasn't
答案：C 本题题意：如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。在虚拟语气结构中，有时假设的情况并不是采用条件状语从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语的形式来表示，这属于“含蓄条件句”的一种形式。在本考题中，without air相当于If there were not air，表达了一个与现在事实相反的假设，主句的谓语部分采用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。6．I was busy that day. Otherwise I________there with them.
A．will have gone B．had gone
C．have gone D．would have gone
答案：D 本题题意：我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。在虚拟语气结构中，有时假设的情况并不是采用条件状语从句表示出来，而是通过连词or, otherwise, but, however, but that等来表示某种假设。在本考题中，otherwise可以被 If I hadn't been busy that day，...所替换，表示与过去事实相反的一个假设。7．If he________my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
A．didn't take B．hasn't taken
C．hadn't taken D．doesn't take
答案：C 本题题意：如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。在虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致，此时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。这种现象称作“混合型虚拟条件句”。在本考题中，if从句表达了一个与过去事实相反的假设。8．The workers in France demanded that their pay________from the following week on.
A．would be raised B．was raised
C．be raised D．will be raised
答案：C 本题题意：法国工人要求从下周起提高他们的工资薪酬。在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词(如order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, desire, command, insist, advise等)动词后面的宾语从句中， 谓语动词应用(should)do形式。 9．His proposal that the system________was rejected.
A．shall be changed B．should be changed
C．was changed D．has been changed
答案：B 本题题意：他提的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语部分采用虚拟语气结构，即：(should)＋动词原形。 10．You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you________on business first.
A．went B．have gone
C．will go D．had gone
答案：A 本题题意：你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。would rather(that)sb did/had done...表示“宁愿某人……”，如果表示“现在或将来”时间概念，谓语动词采用一般过去时；表达“过去”时间概念，则采用过去完成时。11．If only they________me what they've decided.
A．told B．will tell
C．would tell D．tell
答案：C 本题题意：但愿他们能把决定告诉我。if only表示“只要；要是……就好，但愿”，用以表示对现在或未来的愿望，谓语部分采用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。如果用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词部分则采用过去完成时。例如：If only he'd remembered to buy some fruit. 他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好。12．We all insist that we________until we finish the work.
A．not to rest B．not rest
C．not resting D．should not have rested
答案：B 本题题意：大家都坚决要求不完工就不休息。insist表示“坚决要求”，其后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“(should)＋动词原形”。注意：当insist表示“坚持说；固执己见”，以后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“直陈语气”。例如：He insisted (that) he was innocent.他坚持说他是无辜的。13．I wish I________what was going to happen.
A．had known B．will know
C．knew D．would know答案：C 本题题意：但愿我能知道要发生什么事。在动词wish后的宾语从句中，从句通常省略连词that.表示对现在情况的虚拟时，宾语从句的谓语部分采用一般过去时或过去进行时(be动词一般用were)。注意：表示对过去情况的虚拟时，动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“had＋过去分词”。例如：I wish/wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。表示对将来的主观愿望时，动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“would＋动词原形”， 此时主句的主语与从句的主语不相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。例如：I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。14．It seemed to suggest that he________happy to have given his life for his country.
A．were B．was
C．be D．should have been
答案：B 本题题意：这好像表明他为能为国捐躯而感到很高兴。suggest表示“暗示；表明；使想到；使认为；言下之意说”时，其后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用直陈语气。15．It is important that we________.
A．shall close the window before we leave
B．will close the window before we leave
C．must close the window before we leave
D．close the window before we leave答案：D 本题题意：我们离开之前把窗子关上，这是很重要的。在it is a pity, it is a shame, it is no wonder, it is strange, it is natural, it is necessary, it is important, it is impossible, it is surprising, it is desired, it is suggested, it was ordered, it has been decided, it is demanded, it is insisted, it is requested等结构后面的主语从句中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常采用“should＋动词原形”结构，should可以省略。
课件29张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．e________ (v.) to give someone something in return for something that they give you
2．f________(adv.) used to say that a particular situation or state will always exist
3．s________ (vt.) to arrange for sth official to take place
4．p________ (n.) someone who plays the piano
5．v________ (n.) someone who plays the violin6．________ (adj.) 适当的；正当的→________ (adv.)
7．________(n.) 冠军称号→________ (n.) 冠军
8．________ (n.) 黑暗→________ (adj.) 黑暗的→________ (使)变黑/暗
9．________ (n.)暖和；温暖→________ (adj.) 暖和的
10．________ (n.)奖学金；学问→________(n.) 学者；奖学金获得者答案：1.exchange 2.forever 3.sponsor 4.pianist
5．violinist 6.appropriate; appropriately 7.championship; champion 8.darkness; dark; darken 9.warmth; warm 10.scholarship; scholarⅡ.短语
1．have ________ 玩得高兴
2．________ chance 碰巧，意外地
3．take it ________ 轻松；不紧张；从容
4．hold ________别挂断；继续；坚持；保持
5．________ the bottom of 在……的底部
6．________ oneself 独自地；独立地
7．try ________ 测试；试验
8．let ________ 发出；放走
答案：1.fun 2.by 3.easy 4.on 5.at 6.by 7.out 8.out
1．hold on|hang on
1)别挂电话；停一下
The line is busy; would you like to hang/hold on?
电话有人在打，请别挂断好吗？
2)抓紧
He hung/held on until the rope broke.
他抓紧着，直到绳子断了。3)(在逆境中)坚持，不放弃
Hang/Hold on at your present job until you can get another.
你在没有找到另一个工作前不要放弃目前的工作。
4)等一下；停一下
Now hang/hold on a minute——you can't really believe what you just said!
等一下——你不可能真的相信你刚才说的话吧！5)等待某事发生；等候
I haven't heard if I've got the job yet——they've kept me hanging on for days.
我是否得到了那份工作的事还没有消息——他们让我等了好几天了。
【知识拓展】
1)hang on sth 有赖于，取决于(某事物)
It all hang on whether he is willing to help us.
一切都取决于他是否愿意帮助我们。
2)hold/hang on to sth
(1)抓紧某物
The little girl hung/held on to her mother's hand while they crossed the street.
横过马路的时候， 小姑娘紧紧抓住她妈妈的手。(2)保留；不卖掉；不放弃
Let's hang/hold on to those old photographs——they may be valuable.
咱们留着这些旧照片吧——它们或许有价值。
3)hang out 常去某处；泡在某处
The local kids hang out at the mall.
当地的孩子常在商业街闲逛。
4)hang up 挂断电话
After I hung up I remembered what I'd wanted to say.
我挂断电话之后才想起来原本想说的话。【知识运用】
(1)(2008福建－ 29)________a moment and I will go to your rescue.
A．Go on B．Hold on
C．Move on D．Carry on
答案：B 本题题意：坚持一会儿，我将去援救你。 hold/hang on 表示“(在困境或危险中)坚持住；挺住”。(2)(2008江苏－23) —Is Peter there?
—________， please. I'll see if I can find him for you.
A．Hold up B．Hold on
C．Hold out D．Hold off
答案：B 本题题意：“彼得在吗？”“请稍等。我去看看能否找到他。”hold on表示“(电话用语)别挂断；等一下”。(3)We thought of selling this old furniture. But we've decided to________it. It might be valuable.
A．hold on to B．keep up with
C．turn to D．look after
答案：A 本题题意：我们原本想把这件旧家具卖掉。但是我们已经决定留下它。它或许有价值。hold on to 表示“保留；不卖掉；不放弃”。2．try sb/sth out(on sb)
1)试用某人
They're trying out a new presenter for the show.
他们正在为这个节目试用一位新的主持人。
2)测试；试验
The idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice.
这个注意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。【知识拓展】
1)try out for sth 参加……选拔(或试演)
I'm trying out for the basketball team.
我在争取加入那篮球队。
2)try sth on试穿(衣物)
Try the shoes on before you buy them.
鞋子要先穿上试一试再买。【知识运用】
(1)Several pairs of shoes were tried________， but none of them were satisfactory.
A．on B．out
C．for D．over
答案：A 本题题意：试了好几双鞋了， 但没有一双是令人满意的。try sth on表示“试穿(衣物)”。(2)Scientists________thousands of chemicals before they found the right one.
A．made out B．worked out
C．tried out D．turned out
答案：C 本题题意：科学家们试验了数千种的化学药品才找到一种合适的。try out表示“测试；试验”。3．let out
1)泄漏
I'll never tell you another secret if you let this one out.
假如你把这个机密泄漏出去，有秘密的事我再也不告诉你了。
2)发出(叫声等)
He let out a cry of pain as the nail went into his foot.
钉子扎进他的脚时，他痛苦地大喊了一声。3)使某人解脱
My flu let me out of attending the meeting.
由于患了流感；我参加不了那个会了。
4)(把衬衣、外套等)放大、放长、加宽
Mary's mother had to let out Mary's dress because she was growing so tall.
玛丽的母亲不得不把玛丽的衣服放大些，因为玛丽长得那么高。5)解雇；革职；开除
The shop closed down and all the men were let out.
店关了门，所有的员工都被辞退了。
6)租出去
In the park boats are let out for 3yuan per hour.
在公园里，可以以每小时3元的价格出租小游艇。
7)放出
Let me out！I'm locked in!
让我出来！我被锁在里面了！ 【知识拓展】
1)let down
(1)不能帮助，不能支持(某人)；使失望
The team felt that they had let the coach down.
队员们觉得他们让教练失望了。
(2)(使)略逊一筹，美中不足
She speaks French very fluently, but her pronunciation lets her down.
他法语讲得很流利，但美中不足的是发音不大好。(3)放下；降低；降下
Please let down the blinds.
请把百叶窗放下。
(4)(把衣服、裙子、外套等)放长，放出(褶边)
She let the dress down, several centimeters.
她把这件衣服放长了几厘米。2)let on (to sb)(对某人)说出秘密，泄密
①She was terrified at the information, but didn't let on.
她听到消息十分害怕，但没有泄露。
②I'm getting married next week, but please don't let on (to anyone) (about it), will you?
我就要结婚了， 但(这事)请不要泄露(给任何人), 行吗？【知识运用】
(1)He accidentally________he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn't been home for a couple of weeks.
A．let out B．took care
C．made sure D．made out
答案：A 他无意中透漏出他和妻子吵了架，已经两三个星期没回家了。let out 表示“泄露”。(2)Don't let________the plan to the press.
A．in B．off
C．on D．out
答案：D 本题题意：别把这计划泄露给新闻界。let out表示“泄漏”，为及物性的动词短语。(3)He knew where the boy was but he didn't let______.
A．in B．alone
C．on D．out
答案：C 本题题意：知道那孩子在哪， 但是他没揭发。let on (to sb) 表示“(对某人)说出秘密，泄密”。
