课件44张PPT。
1．concern
1)v.
①影响，涉及，牵涉(某人)
This concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.
这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。
②与……有关；涉及
Attend to what concerns you.
注意与你有关的事物。③让(某人)担忧
Please don't let my illness concern you.
请你不要担心我的疾病。
④～oneself with/about sth 对……感兴趣
There's no need to concern yourself with this matter; we're dealing with it.
你不用管这事了， 我们正在处理。2)n.
①[U & C]～(about/for/over sth/sb)|～(that...)(尤指许多人共同的)担心，忧虑
She expressed her deep concern about conditions at the factory.
她对工厂的状况表示深切的关注。
②[U] 关爱；关心
I was surprised by her lack of concern.
她的漠不关心令我很感意外。③[C] (对人，组织等)重要的事情
Stress at work is a matter of concern to staff and management.
工作压力是员工和资方都关切的事。
【知识拓展】
1)be concerned about/for 担心，忧虑；关心
①We are all concerned for/about her safety.
我们大家都担心着她的安全。
②He should be concerned for the welfare of the workers.
他应当关心工人的福利。2)be concerned with sth
①对……感兴趣(关注或关切)
I was mainly concerned with making something that children could enjoy.
我关心的主要是做出孩子们喜欢的东西来。
②与某事物有关； 涉及某事物
Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.
她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。
3)be concerned over/at sth 为某事忧虑
Having suffered a heavy loss, we are all concerned over/at/about our company's future.
遭受了一次重大损失，我们都在为公司的前途忧虑。4)be concerned in sth和某事有牵连
The police are anxious to interview everyone concerned in last night's accident.
警察急于会见与昨晚事故有关的每个人。
5)as/so far as...concerned关于； 至于； 就……而言(尤其是表示令人不快的感觉或意见)
As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.
就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。6)out of concern出于关心
Out of concern for her health, we suggested she take a week off work.
出于对她健康的关心，我们建议她休息一周。
【知识运用】
(1)The speech which he made________the project bothered me greatly.
A．being concerned B．was concerned
C．concerned D．concerning
答案：D 本题题意：关于这个项目他所说的那番话令我非常反感。本考题含有两个定语成分，其一为定语从句which he made，其二为介词短语concerning the project. concerning(＝about sth; involving sb/sth)表示“关于，涉及”；例如：He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。(2)The meeting was concerned______reforms and everyone present was concerned______his own interest.
A．with; for B．with; in
C．in; about D．in; with
答案：A 本题题意：这次会议的议题与改革有关。出席会议的每一个人都关心自身的利益。be concerned with sth表示“与某事物有关；涉及某事物”；be concerned about/for sth表示“使担心或挂念，使忧虑；关心”。(3)________on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is________major concern of the country.
A．The; 不填 B．The; a
C．An; the D．An; 不填答案：B 本题题意：讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间持续存在的分歧是加拿大全国关注的重大问题之一。介词短语between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians 后置作定语，修饰名词division，表示特指；concern 为单数可数名词，表示“(对人、组织等)重要的事情”，在此和不定冠词连用，表示“非特指的一个”，说明这只是令人关注的重大问题之一。
(4)(2008吉林市) Anything that________Mr. Green interests me.
A．concerns B．matters
C．belongs D．relates
答案：A 本题题意：任何与格林先生有关的事情，我都感兴趣。concern表示“与……有关；涉及”。2．abuse
1)n.
①[U] 辱骂；恶语
He greeted me with a stream of abuse.
他见到我就连声辱骂。
②[U& sing.]～(of sth) 滥用；妄用
They talked about how the uses and abuses of figures to prove things in politics.
他们谈到人们如何在政治问题上使用及滥用数字来混淆视听。③[U& pl.] 虐待
Child abuse is widespread in this country.
这个国家虐待孩子的情况很普遍。
2)v.
①滥用(以致危害健康)
He systematically abused his body with heroin and cocaine.
他因服用海洛因和可卡因一步一步地把身体搞垮了。
②滥用；妄用(权利、所知所闻)
He abused his power while in office.
他在职时滥用权力。③辱骂；对(某人)恶语相加；诋毁
Don't abuse your friends.
不要辱骂你的朋友。
④虐待；性虐待；伤害
Stop abusing the child.
住手， 不要伤害这孩子。
【知识运用】
(1)The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug________.
A．damage B．injury
C．abuse D．harm
答案：C 本题题意：政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。abuse表示“滥用、妄用”。(2)Do not________the confidence they have placed in you.
A．insult B．abuse
C．restore D．undertake
答案：B 本题题意：不要辜负他们对你的信任。abuse表示“滥用；妄用(权利、所知所闻)”。(3)We________land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us.
A．Employ B．abandon
C．abuse D．overlook
答案：C 本题题意：我们滥用土地，因为我们把它当作属于自己的商品。abuse表示“滥用”。3．stress
1)n.
①[U&C] 精神压力；心理负担；紧张
In fact, stress isn't a bad thing that is often supposed to be.
事实上，压力并不像人们所认为的那样是一件坏事。
②[U &C]～(on sth)压力
How much stress can the walls bear/take?
该墙能支撑多大的压力？③[U] 强调；重要性
I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality.
我认为公司对成本强调有余，而对质量重视不足。
④[U &C] (单词、音节)重音；重读
In the word “mother”， the stress is on the first syllable.
在“mother”这一字里，重音在第一个音节上。2)v.
①强调；着重
The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.
英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。
②重读；用重音读
Stress the second syllable.
重读第二个音节。【知识拓展】
1)lay/place/put stress on 把重点放在……上；在……上用力
①The examination put a lot of press on him/put him under a lot of stress.
那次考试给了他很大的压力。
②She lay great stress on proper behavior.
她很强调行为端正。2)under/driven by the stress of 为……所迫；为……所驱使； 处境紧张(或困难)
Worrying over his job and his wife's health put him under a great stress.
忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他陷于过度的紧张中。
【词语辨析】
stress, pressure
这两个名词均有“压力，重压，紧张”之意。
1)stress 侧重指承受外来的压力，也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张。
Person may suffer from loneliness, fear, anxiety, or other emotional responses to stress.
人们可以因孤独、恐惧、焦虑或其它感情上压抑等而感到痛苦。2)pressure 在科学上，指单位面积上所受到的压力。用于引申时，指某事物所产生的压力或影响力等。
Do not put much pressure on the handle; it may break.
不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的。【知识运用】
(1)We have to lay great stress________politics at all times. This is a point many foreigners don't seem to understand.
A．in B．with
C．on D．for
答案：C 本题题意：我们到什么时候都得讲政治，外国人就是不理解这一条。lay/place/put stress on 表示“把重点放在……上； 在……上用力”。(2)采用stress或pressure的适当形式填空：
①She is constantly under________and it is affecting her health.
②Susan was completely weighed down by the______of examinations.
③In modern society, everyone is busy in working or studying. As a result, many people suffer from________and anxiety.
④Both diet and exercise affect blood________.答案：①pressure 译文：她经常负担很重， 因而影响了健康。
②stress 译文：苏珊被考试的压力压垮了。
③stress 译文：在现代社会里，每个人不是忙着工作就是读书。结果造成许多人有焦虑和过度紧张的困扰。
④pressure 译文：饮食和运动都对血压有影响。
start sb off(on sth)
1)使开始(做某事)
①What started her off on that crazy idea?
她怎么会有那么古怪的念头呢？
②Kevin started us all off laughing.
凯文把我们都逗笑了。2)帮助某人开始(某事)
①My mother started me off on the piano when I was three.
我三岁时母亲就让我开始练钢琴了。
②His father started him off farming.
他父亲指点他做农活儿。【知识拓展】
1)start off
①开始活动
The horse started off at a steady trot.
马稳步小跑起来。
②进行(或开展)起来
The discussion started off mildly enough.
讨论颇为温和地开展起来。
③首先进行；一开始是
We started off by introducing ourselves.
我们一开始先进行自我介绍。2)start out
①开始从事；着手(某工作)；从业
He asked some money from his parents to start out in business on his own.
他向父母要了些钱自己独立做生意。
②最初想要；起先打算
I started out to write a short story, but it soon developed into a novel.
我起先打算写一篇短篇小说，但很快就写成了长篇小说。③出发
They started out/off this morning.
他们今天上午出发了。
【知识运用】
(1)Don't mention her former husband's name to her. It will only start her________.
A．out B．off
C．over D．with
答案：B 本题题意：不要对她提起她前夫的名字．这只能让她生气。start sb off (on sth) 表示“使开始(做某事)”。(2)采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①She couldn't solve the problem because she started________on the wrong track.
②Don't start her________on one of her boring stories.
③He started________with one small factory, and now he's the head of an oil empire.
④I'll start________to write my paper tomorrow.
⑤Did he tell you when to start________？
⑥To start________we haven't enough money, and secondly we're too busy.答案：
①out 译文：她无法解决这个问题，因为她的路子一开始就不对头。
②off 译文：不要惹她说她那些乏味的故事。
③off 译文：他开始只是经营一家小工厂，如今已成为一个石油大企业的头儿。
④out 译文：我计划明天写读书报告。
⑤out/off 译文：他有没有告诉你什么时候出发？
⑥with 译文：一来我们的钱不够， 二来我们没时间。课件137张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．ban A．a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense
2．abuse B．to make sth stronger or become stronger
3．desperate C．feeling or showing great despair or ready to do anything regardless of danger4．strengthen D．to make a bad or wrong use of
5．stress E．to say that sth must not be done, seen, used, etc.
6．due F．feeling embarrassed and guilty because of sth you have done
7．automatic G．to leave a job, school etc., especially without finishing it completely
8．mental H．relating to the health or state of someone's mind9．quit I．done without thinking, especially because you have done the same thing many times before
10．ashamed J．owed to someone either as a debt or because they have a right to it
答案：1.E 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.J 7.I 8.H 9.G 10．FⅡ.短语
1．due ________ 由于……
2．give ________ 放弃，戒掉
3．become addicted ________ 对……有瘾
4．________ and ________ again 再三地，反复地
5．become accustomed ________ 习惯于……
6．do damage ________ 伤害，损伤
7．________ on 对……做出决定
8．throw ________ 扔掉，抛弃
9．feel ________ (doing) 想要(做)……
10．instead ________ 代替，而不是答案：1.to 2.up 3.to 5.over; over 5.to 6.to 7.decide 8.away 9.like 10.ofⅢ.语篇导读
根据课文内容完成下列短文。
Choose a day that is not __1__ to quit smoking. Make a list of all the __2__ you will get from stopping smoking. __3__ all your cigarettes at the end of the day before you plan to __4__. Reread the list of benefits you wrote when you __5__ smoking. Develop some other habits like walking, drinking some water, cleaning the house and so on to keep your mind and your hands __6__. If you feel __7__ or stressed, try to do some relaxation exercises like deep breathing. You can stop smoking with a friend. If you feel really bad, ask a doctor or __8__ for help. The most important thing is to __9__. Don't feel __10__ if you weaken because some people have to try many times before they finally quit smoking. Never give up and you will make it.
答案：1.stressful 2.benefits 3.Throw away 3.quit 5.feel like 6.busy 7.nervous 8.chemist 9.keep trying
10．ashamed
1．ban
1)v.
①明令禁止；取缔
The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.
政府已经禁止使用化学武器。
②～sb from sth/from doing sth 禁止某人做某事(或去某处等)
She's been banned from driving for six months.
已禁止她开车， 为期六个月。2)n.～(on sth) 禁令
①There is a ban on smoking in the theatre.
这剧院内禁止吸烟。
②The police lifted the ban against parking in this street.
警察取消了不准在这条街上停车的禁令。【词语辨析】
ban, forbid, prohibit
这三个动词均含有“禁止”之意。
1)ban语气最强，指权威机关明文取消或禁止严重危害公众利益的事或行为，含“严厉谴责”之意，只能用事物作其宾语。
Swimming is banned in this lake.
这个湖里不准游泳。 2)forbid通俗用语，指直接地、面对面地吩咐不许他人采取某种行动。
The doctor forbids him to smoke.
医生禁止他吸烟。
3)prohibit正式用词，多指通过法律手段或制订规则加以禁止。
The law prohibits stores from selling cigarettes to children.
法律禁止商店向儿童出售香烟。【知识运用】
采用prohibit, forbid或 ban的适当形式填空：
①The new military government has________strikes and demonstrations.
②Their father________them to go.
③The high cost of the machine______its widespread use.
④I can't________you/your seeing that man again.
⑤Women wear shorts are________from visiting the temple.
⑥They threatened to________the book.答案：
①banned 译文：新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。
②forbade 译文：他们的父亲禁止他们去。
③prohibits 译文：这机器价格昂贵，很难普及使用。
④forbid 译文：我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。
⑤prohibit 译文：禁止穿着短裤的妇女进入寺院。
⑥ban 译文：他们威胁要禁止该书。2．due (adj.)
1)～to sth/sb 由于；因为
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.
该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
2)～(to do sth)|～(for sth) 预订；预期；预计
The boat is due to arrive at 12.
船预计在12点到。
3)到期
My rent isn't due till Wednesday.
我的租金星期三才到期。4)～(to sb) 应支付；应给予；应归于
That money is due to me, but I haven't got it yet.
那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。
5)～(for) sth 应有；应得的
She was due for a rise.
她该加薪了。
【词语辨析】
due to, because of, thanks to, owing to, as a/the result of
这几个短语都可以用来表示“原因”。
1)due to用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重“起因于”，在句中多作表语，状语或后置定语。有人认为在动词之后或从句之首用owing to表示“因为”更合适，因为due为形容词。①The accident was due to/owing to his driving at high speed.
这起交通事故是由于他高速开车引起的。
②He was late owing to/due to the very heavy traffic.
他迟到是因为交通拥挤。
③Mistakes due to careless may have serious consequences.
由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能会带来严重的后果。2)because of 介词短语，用于名词、代词，形容词或宾语从句前，着重某种原因的理由，在句中通常作状语。
①The police are advising motorists to reduce speed because of the fog.
由于有雾，警察告诫驾车者减慢速度。
②Because of the storm he didn't go there.
因为暴风雨他没有去那儿。3)thanks to突出一种感激之情，含“多亏”意味。只能作状语；既可用于褒义又可用于贬义，表示讽刺的口吻。
①It was all a great success——thanks to a lot of hard work.
由于尽心竭力，这才获得了巨大的成功。
②Everyone knows about it now, thanks to you.
多亏了你，现在大家都知道了。4)owing to可以和due to换用，但在句中多作状语，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可用于句首或句末，与句子的其他成分用逗号隔开。
①They could not cross the river owing to the flood.
由于洪水，他们不能过河。
②Owing to/Due to the heavy traffic, he was late.
因交通拥挤， 他迟到了。
③Tom's failing in the exam was owing to his careless.
汤姆由于粗心而考试不及格。5)as a/the result of表示“由于……；作为……的结果”，在句中作状语。
①His illness is a/the result of(eating)bad food.
他的病是吃了变质的食物的结果。
②He was late as a result of the snow.
他由于下雪迟到了。【知识运用】
(1)(2007浙江－19) The open-air celebration has been put off________the bad weather.
A．in case of B．in spite of
C．instead of D．because of
答案：D 本题题意：由于天气恶劣，户外庆祝活动被推迟了。because of表示“因为”。(2)Accidents________driving at high speed were very common that weekend.
A．due to B．because of
C．thanks to D．owing to
答案：A 本题题意：在那个周末，因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。due to可直接用于名词之后，担任定语。(3)(2008福建永安市)________what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles(交通工具)remains a serious problem.
A．Except for B．Due to
C．Because of D．In spite of
答案：D 本题题意：尽管(政府)在最近已经作出了巨大努力，为市民提供更多的公共车辆，但是公共交通工具短缺仍旧是一个严重的问题。in spite of表示“尽管；虽然”。(4)Rose is________start school in January.
A．thanks to B．due to
C．owing to D．because of
答案：B 本题题意：罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。be due to do sth/be due for sth表示“预定；预期；预计(做)……”。(5)采用适当的介词填空：
①The plane is due________London at five.
②He was only taking back what was due________him.
③She's due________promotion soon.
④He had to withdraw due________a knee injury.答案：①at 译文：飞机定于五点到达伦敦。
②to 译文：他只是拿回了他应得的东西。
③for 译文：她不久就要晋升了。
④to 译文：他因膝伤不得不退出。3．tough (adj.)
1)艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的
He had a tough time getting into a good college.
他好不容易才进了一所好大学。
2)～(on/with sb/sth) 严厉的；强硬的；无情的
①They are very tough on drunk drivers.
他们对酒后驾车者十分严厉。
②Police have been getting tough with drivers.
警察最近对司机严厉起来了。
3)坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳的；坚韧不拔的
You need to be tough to survive in the jungle.
要在丛林中活下来就要有坚忍不拔的意志。4)剽悍的；粗暴的；粗野的
You think you're so tough, don't you?
你以为自己够厉害的，是不是？
5)坚固的；不易切开(或打破、撕破等)的
I bought a tough pair of shoes specially for the climb.
我专门为登山买了双结实的鞋子。
6)～(on sb)不幸的；倒霉的
It was tough on her being dropped from the team like that.
他就这样被队里刷了下来，真是倒霉。【知识运用】
(1)It's time to get________with football hooligans.
A．rough B．tough
C．strong D．firm
答案：B 本题题意：现在该对足球流氓采取强硬措施了。注意：be firm with表示“对……严格的”。例如：Parents must be firm with their children.父母对孩子一定要严格。(2)The government has promised to get tough________crime.
A．in B．on
C．at D．against
答案：B 本题题意：政府承诺对犯罪行为采取严厉措施。be/get tough (on/with sb/sth) 表示“采取坚决态度； 采用强硬手段”。 4．addicted (adj.)
1)～(to sth)上瘾；成瘾；有瘾
He became addicted to the drug.
他上了毒瘾。
2)入迷
The children are addicted to computer games.
孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。【知识运用】
(1)Harry is so________to alcohol that he'd sell his soul for a bottle of whisky.
A．accustomed B．devoted
C．buried D．addicted
答案：D 本题题意：哈里如此沉溺于喝酒，结果他会为一瓶威士忌而出卖灵魂。be addicted(to sth)表示“上瘾；成瘾；有瘾”。(2)It is easy for students to become addicted________the excitement of these programs and neglect their homework.
A．with B．in
C．on D．to
答案：D 本题题意：学生很容易沉溺于这些刺激的节目中，而忽视了他们的功课。be addicted(to sth)表示“上瘾；成瘾；有瘾”。5．accustomed (adj.)
1)～to sth/to doing sth 习惯于……
①I get accustomed to working inside the room of noise and excitement.
我习惯于在喧闹的房间里工作。
②She isn't accustomed to public speaking.
她不太习惯在公开场合讲话。2)通常的；惯常的
①He took his accustomed seat by the fire.
他在炉火边惯常坐的座位上坐了下来。
②He wandered far from the accustomed haunts of boys, and sought desolate places that were in harmony with his spirit.
他避开平常孩子们经常玩耍出没的地方，专找适合他此时心情的僻静地方。【知识拓展】
accustom (v.)～oneself/sb to sth 使习惯于……
①They had to accustom themselves to the hot weather.
他们不得不使自己习惯于炎热的天气。
②I have accustomed myself to working long hours.
我已习惯于长时间工作。【知识运用】
(1)Accustomed to________the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.
A．climbing B．climb
C．having climbed D．have climbed
答案：A 本题题意：早已习惯了攀登陡峭的山峰，他毫不费力地登上了山顶。get accustomed to 表示“习惯于”，to 为介词。(2)Just smile and say that after a while you will use first names but you are________to being more formal when you first meet someone.
A．accustomed B．subjective
C．familiar D．associated
答案：A 本题题意：你可以向对方笑笑，说你已经习惯，初与人见面的时候总是比较拘谨，过一阵就会直呼其名字了。be accustomed to表示“习惯于”。6．quit (v.)
1)～(as sth)离开(工作职位、学校等)；离任；离校
①I'm going to quit next week.
我下星期辞职。
②He quit the show last year because of bad health.
去年他因为身体欠佳而退出了表演。2)停止；戒掉
①You must quit smoking. Most important of all, you should start taking exercise.
你必须戒烟，更重要的是，你该开始运动。
②We only just started. We're not going to quit now.
我们才刚刚开始，现在决不放弃。3)离开；迁出；搬离(住处)
①If he doesn't pay his rent, he will receive notice to quit.
如果他不付房租，他将被通知搬出去。
②We decided it was time to quit the city.
我们当时决定，该离开城市生活了。【词语辨析】
quit, pause, stop
这三个动词均含有“停止”之意。
1)quit指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。
Many people think he has no reason to quit the job, But he did without hesitation.
很多人都认为他不应该辞去那份工作，但他却毫不犹豫地辞职了。2)pause指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再进行之意。
He paused when he heard steps behind him.
他听到后面有脚步声便停了下来。
3)stop指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。
Why stop the entire process just because something is missing?
为什么停止整个过程，仅仅是因为遗漏了某些内容？【知识运用】
(1)If you want to look good, get plenty of rest, exercise every day, eat mostly raw fruits and vegetables——and quit________.
A．worrying B．to worry
C．being worried D．to be worring
答案：A 本题题意：如果你想气色好，就要充分休息，每天坚持锻炼，多吃生水果和蔬菜，而且别发愁。quit表示“停止；戒掉”，后接名词或动名词担任宾语。(2)采用quit, pause或stop的适当形式填空：
①When he had run up the hill, he________for a minute to rest.
②Will you________making that horrible noise!
③He got his present job when he________the army.
④I had to________the gathering in order to be home by midnight.
⑤Can't you______your son from getting into trouble?
⑥He________for a moment, and then continued his speech.答案：①paused/stopped 译文：他跑上小山时，停下来休息了一会儿。
②stop 译文：你别再弄出那种讨厌的响声来行不行！
③quitted/quit 译文：他退伍后得到现在这份工作。
④quit 译文：为了能在午夜前到家，我不得不离开聚会。
⑤stop 译文：你能不能制止你儿子别惹上麻烦？
⑥paused 译文：他停顿了一下然后继续讲话。7．effect (n.)
1)[C&U]～(on sb/sth) 效应；影响；结果
①This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.
这对母子俩的将来影响很大。
②I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect.
我尽力劝他， 他根本不听。2)[C&U] (艺术家或作家所要创造的特定)外观；声响；印象；效果
①The general effect of the painting is overwhelming.
这幅画给人总的印象是很有气势。
②The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene.
舞台灯光产生月夜景色的效果。
【知识拓展】
1)bring/put/carry sth into practice 使生效；实行；实施
The new system will soon be put into effect.
新系统即将启用。
2)come/go into effect 生效；开始实施
The new seat-belt regulations came into effect last week.
新的安全带规则上周开始实施。3)have an effect/impact on/upon 对……有影响； 对……起作用， 产生效果
Her illness has had a bad effect on her work.
她的病对工作有很大的影响。
4)be of/to no effect 无效， 没有作用， 不中用
We warned them, but to no effect.
我们警告过他们，但完全没用。5)cause and effect 因果
It is difficult to relate cause and effect in this case.
这个案件中的动机与效果很难联系起来。
6)in effect
①实际上；事实上
The two methods are in effect identical.
这两种方法实际上是一样的。
②(法律或规则)在实施中；有效
The old tax regulations will remain in effect until next June.
旧税法到明年六月前仍然有效。7)take effect
①开始起作用；见效
The medicine quickly took effect.
药很快见效了。
②生效；开始实施
The contract takes effect as of October 1.
本合同从十月一日起生效。【词语辨析】
effect，affect, influence
这些词均含“影响”之意。
1)effect表示“影响”时，用作名词。
Punishment had very little effect on him.
惩罚对他没有什么效果。
2)affect指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作， 有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思， 其主语通常是物而不是人。
This article will affect my thinking.
这篇文章将会影响我的思想。3)influence 侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.
谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。【知识运用】
(1)Everything that happens has a cause and________.
A．affect B．impact
C．effect D．influence
答案：C 本题题意：事情发生了， 就会有它的前因后果。cause and effect 表示“因果”。(2)Any options users set should be remembered, so that the options remain________effect until manually changed.
A．with B．on
C．in D．upon
答案：C 本题题意：无论用户设置的选项是什么，程序都应该记住。 这样一直保留这些选项，直到用户手工将其改变。in effect表示“在实施中；有效”。(3)采用effect, affect或influence的适当形式填空：
①I don't want to________you. You must decide for yourself.
②The change in climate may________your health.
③Alcoholic drink can have a bad________on your body.答案：① influence 译文：我不想影响你。你必须自行决定。
② affect 译文：气候的变化可能影响你的健康。
③ effect/influence 译文：含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。8．strengthen (v.) 加强；增强；巩固
①The wind strengthened during the night.
夜里风刮得更大了。
②The current strengthened as we moved down the river.
我们顺流而下时， 水流更急了。
③Difficulty strengthens the mind, as labor does the body.
劳动强身体；艰难励意志。【词语辨析】
strength, energy, force, power
这些名词均有“力”之意。
1)strength指机体内部的能力，是依靠身体组织而存在的力，经使用就变为force. 它尤其指承受重物的力量。
For a small woman she has surprising strength.
她个子虽小但力大惊人。
2)energy用于人时，指工作时焕发出的精力或干劲。
His work seemed to lack energy.
他工作似乎缺乏干劲。3)force尤指人或物撞击或推动物体时所用的力。
He did it with a great force.
他用了很大的力才把它做完了。
4)power可以用来指人体某部位的力量，但一般不用来指搬动或握、托、支撑重物的力量。从物理学意义上讲，power更多指机械、爆炸或大自然的力量。
There was a lot of power behind that blow.
那一击的力量很大。【知识运用】
(1)Our object is to further________friendly relations between the two countries.
A．firm B．weaken
C．strengthen D．increase
答案：C 本题题意：我们的目标是进一步增进我们两国之间的友好联系。strengthen表示“加强；增强；巩固”。(2)(2006湖北－21) To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their______and weaknesses.
A．strengths B．benefits
C．techniques D．values
答案：A 本题题意：为了使队员们表现得更加出色，教练首先要了解他们的强项和弱点。strength表示“优势；优点；长处”。例如：Before using it, you should be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the argument. 在使用一个论据之前，你应该明白它的有力之处和薄弱之处。(3)采用strength, energy, force或power 的适当形式填空：
①Sitting out here, you really can feel the________of the sun.
②I have hardly enough________left to move my feet.
③Young people usually have more________than the old.
④The solar cell can convert the________of sunlight into electric energy.⑤1,500-meter race is his________.
⑥The________of the explosion broke all the windows in the building.
⑦She lost her________of speech.
⑧The soldiers took the prisoners away by________.
答案：① power 译文：本题题意：坐在这里，你可以感到太阳的力量。power表示“力；力量；能量”。
② strength 译文：我连移动双脚的力气都几乎没有了。strength表示“体力；力气；力量”。
③ energy 译文：青年人通常比老年人精力充沛些。energy表示“精力；活力；干劲”。
④ energy 译文：太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。energy表示“能源”。⑤ strength 译文：一千五百米赛跑是他的强项。strength表示“优势；优点；长处”。
⑥ force 译文：爆炸的力量震碎了这座建筑上的所有窗户。force表示“力；力量”。
⑦ power 译文：她失去了说话的能力。power表示“(身体、心智的)某种能力”。
⑧ force 译文：士兵们强行把犯人带走了。force表示“武力；暴力”。9．desperate (adj.)
1)(因绝望而) 不惜冒险的，不顾一切的，拼命的
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。
2)(行为)绝望的；孤注一掷的；铤而走险的
He was desperate when he lost all his money.
当他丢了所有的钱时，他绝望了。3)～(for sth)|～(to do sth) 非常需要；极想；渴望
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
他渴望有个工作，挣钱供养子女众多的家。
4)极严重的；极危险的；很危急的
They face a desperate shortage of clean water.
他们面临无污染水源的严重短缺。【知识运用】
(1)The man lost in the desert was desperate______water.
A．with B．over
C．for D．on
答案：C 本题题意：在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。be desperate for sth表示“非常需要……；渴望……”。(2)Suddenly, he was awakened by a kind of________cry for help.
A．desperate B．hopeful
C．fantastic D．incredible
答案：A 本题题意：突然，他被一种绝望的呼救声吵醒了。a desperate cry for help表示“绝望的呼救声”。10．disappoint (v.)
1)使失望
Don't disappoint me by being late again.
别再迟到了，不要叫我失望。
2)使破灭；使落空
This disappointed his plans.
这件事打乱了他的计划。【知识拓展1】
1)disappointed (adj.)失望的；沮丧的；失意的
①She was disappointed to learn that she had failed the course.
她沮丧地得知那门课没有考及格。
②We are disappointed that you will not be able to come.
你不能前来，我们很失望。2)disappointing (adj.) 令人失望的；令人沮丧的；令人扫兴的
①The weather this summer has been disappointing.
今年夏天的天气一直使人不痛快。
②It was disappointing not to be able to go out after all.
结果不能出去，真扫兴。
【知识拓展2】
1)be disappointed about 为……失望
I'm disappointed about/at John not coming.
约翰没来，我很失望。
2)be disappointed at 因……失望
They're disappointed at/with the result.
他们对结果感到失望。3)be disappointed by 由于……而失望
I was slightly disappointed by her attitude.
她的态度让我有点失望。
4)be disappointed in 对……失望
He's disappointed in/with his daughter.
他对女儿很失望。
5)be disappointed with 对……失望
We're disappointed with/in the new car.
我们对这辆新车感到失望。【知识运用】
(1)Tom was no more______than disappointed________this news.
A．surprised; at
B．surprsing; at
C．surprised; with
D．surprising; with
答案：A 本题题意：汤姆听见那消息既不惊讶也不失望。surprised表示“感到惊讶的”，用来表示“人”所处的一种心理状态。此外，be disappointed at 表示“因……失望”。(2)采用适当的介词填空：
①My parents will be disappointed________me if I fail to get the master degree.
②Are you very disappointed________losing the game?
③I was disappointed________the attitude of the banks.答案：① in/with 译文：如果我得不到硕士文凭，我的父母将对我感到失望。
② about/at 译文：你是不是因为比赛输了而感到很失望？
③ by 译文：我对银行的态度感到失望。11．ashamed (adj.)
1)～(of sth/sb/oneself)|～(that...)|～(to be sth) 惭愧；羞愧；尴尬
①He is ashamed of/at his behavior/of having behaved so badly.
他为他的行为/他表现得那样恶劣感到惭愧。
②His daughter looked such a mess that he was ashamed of her.
他为女儿的邋遢样子感到害羞。③You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.
你应该为说这些谎话而感到羞耻。
④I feel ashamed that I haven't written for so long.
我很久未曾写信， 甚为惭愧。
⑤The football riots made me ashamed to be English.
足球骚乱事件使我身为英国人汗颜得无地自容。2)～to do sth 因惭愧而不情愿；因尴尬而勉强
①He felt too ashamed to ask for help.
他不好意思请求帮助。
②I'm ashamed to let you see my paintings.
让你看我的画， 很难为情。
【知识拓展】
1)be ashamed about 因……而羞愧
I've done nothing to be ashamed about.
我没有做任何亏心事。
2)be ashamed at 因……感到羞愧
He was slightly ashamed at having run away.
他为自己逃跑感到有点羞愧。
3)be ashamed of 为……感到惭愧
She was ashamed of what she had done.
她为自己的所作所为感到惭愧。【知识运用】
(1)I behaved badly yesterday and I am ashamed______myself now.
A．of B．at
C．about D．over
答案：A 本题题意：我昨天表现不好，我现在感到很惭愧。be ashamed of表示“为……感到惭愧”。(2)She was ashamed________such a simple question.
A．asking B．to be asking
C．to ask D．having asked
答案：C 本题题意：她不好意思提这么简单的问题。be ashamed to do sth表示“因惭愧而不情愿做某事；因尴尬而勉强做某事”。
1．take sb off
1)换下；终止；取消
He was taken off after twenty minutes.
二十分钟后，他被替换下场。
2)(以诙谐的方式)模仿；学某人的样子
Mary can take off her English teacher perfectly.
玛丽模仿她的英文老师惟妙惟肖。【知识拓展】
1)take off
①(飞机等)起飞
The plane is taking off.
飞机要起飞了。
②匆匆离去；匆忙离开
He grabbed his bag and took off for the meeting.
他抓起包就匆匆忙忙地去开会了。
③(观念、产品等)突然大受欢迎；迅速流行
The new magazine has already taken off.
这份新杂志真是大受欢迎。2)take sth off
①脱下(衣服)；摘掉
Help me to take this handle off.
帮我取下这个把手。
②休假；休息
I took a week off in March and I'm taking Easter off, too.
我在3月份休息了一周，还要在复活节休假。
③取消；停演
The play was taken off after six performances.
这出戏演了6场后停演了。④剪掉(头发); 截去；切除(人体部位)
The surgeon took off his arm.
外科医生截除了他的手臂。
3)take sth off sth
①扣除，减去(款额，分数等)
As the cover of the book was torn, the bookseller took ￥5 off.
因为那本书的封皮已破，店主把书减价五元钱。②停止销售
Doctors recommended that the slimming pills should be taken off the market.
医生建议市场上应该停止销售这种减肥药片。
【知识运用】
采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①They no longer have to take________large numbers of temporary workers to do the harvesting.
②Watch that bird taking________from the branch!
③Don't trust that fellow; he'll take you________if he gets the chance.④They took the injured________in an ambulance.
⑤He would neither apologize nor take________what he had said.
⑥They took________the old house in order to build a new one.
⑦I'm sorry to have taken________so much of your valuable time.
⑧The 7 am express to London will be taken______next month.
答案：
① on 译文：他们再也不必雇用大量临时工来收割农作物。
② off 译文：注意看那只鸟从枝头飞起来！
③ in 译文：别相信那个家伙，他一有机会就会使你上当。
④ away 译文：他们用救护车把受伤的人运走。
⑤ back 译文：他既不肯道歉，又不肯收回他说过的话。⑥ down 译文：他们拆掉那老房子，以便建一幢新房。
⑦ up 译文：占用了你那么多宝贵时间，真抱歉。
⑧ off 译文：上午7点开往伦敦的快车下月将取消。
2．decide on/upon sth 决定；选定
①Peter decided on a blue sweater.
彼得选定了一件蓝色的运动衫。
②Then we shall decide on the steps to be taken immediately.
然后我们来决定应该立刻采取什么办法。【知识运用】
(1)First, we must________on the location of our new swimming pool.
A．concentrate B．determine
C．decide D．fix
答案：C 本题题意：我们先得给新游泳池选个地点。decide on/upon sth表示“决定；选定”。(2)It is always possible that the judge may decide______you.
A．on B．towards
C．off D．against
答案：D 本题题意：法官判你败诉总是有可能的。decide for/against sb表示“作出对某人有利/不利的裁决”。3．throw sth away
1)(＝throw sth out) 扔掉；丢弃；抛弃
①That's rubbish——you can throw it away.
那东西没用——你把它扔了吧。
②We should throw away the bad habits.
我们应该丢弃那些坏习惯。2)失去；错过；浪费；白费
①He threw away a chance to make a fortune by his stupidity.
由于愚蠢，他丧失赚大钱的机会。
②My advice was thrown away/wasted on him.
我对他的劝告全都浪费了。【知识拓展】
1)throw sth about乱抛
Don't throw litter about like that.
不要乱扔杂物。
2)throw...at...向……扔去
Stop throwing stones at that dog!
别再向那条狗扔石子了！
3)throw sth to sb向……投去
He quickly threw the ball to another player.
他迅速把球传给了另一名球员。4)throw up 呕吐
The smell made me want to throw up.
这味道使我想呕吐。
5)throw oneself into...投身于；热衷于；积极从事
Many women throw all of their energies into a career.
许多妇女把她们的全部精力投入到职业中。
6)throw oneself at sth/sb 冲向(人或物)；向……猛扑过去；撒娇；献媚；勾引某人
Tom throw himself at your sister at the party.
汤姆在晚会上极力向你妹妹讨好。【知识运用】
采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①He threw the ball________me, and I caught it.
②Qiqi wants to have a snow ball fight. He throws a snowball________his friend's garden. “I've got lots of snowballs to throw________you.” shouts Qiqi.
③Dick was so crazy ________Jane that he threw himself________her feet. Jane was swept off her feet and they're getting married next Tuesday.
④Oh, what a fool she was to waste her life, to throw________her chance of happiness.⑤He threw himself________work once he got back from his holidays.
⑥You shouldn't be throwing your money________！
⑦Don't throw waste-paper________.
⑧You are throwing your money________， buying such useless things.
⑨Margaret felt free to bring in the people she wanted and to throw________those she didn't.
⑩You're really going to throw ________ this delicious fruit? What a shame!? Upon seeing their ashen faces, Miss Amei said, “Did you throw________？
?The teacher kept throwing questions ________ him.
答案：
①to 译文：他把球扔给我，我接住了。
②into; at 译文：奇奇想打雪仗。他把一个雪球扔进了他朋友的院子里。“我要扔好多好多雪球给你。”奇奇喊着。
③about; at 译文：迪克实在是爱简，他完全拜倒在她的石榴裙下。这一下使得简感到飘飘然，不由自主了。他们竟然决定下星期二就结婚。
④away 译文：啊，她这样浪费生命，抛开幸福的机运，是多么愚蠢！⑤into 译文：他度假一回来就投身于工作。
⑥about/away 译文：你不应该乱花钱/浪费钱！
⑦about 译文：不要乱扔废纸。
⑧away/about 译文：你买这些没有用的东西是在浪费钱。
⑨out 译文：玛格丽特觉得可以毫无顾忌地任命自己想要任命的人，辞去自己不喜欢的人。
⑩away/out 译文：你真的要丢掉这美味的水果？真可惜！
?up 译文：阿美姑娘瞧他们脸色灰白，说：“吐了么？”
?at 译文：老师一直向他发问。4．feel like
1)想要
①I don't feel like a cup of tea.
我不想喝茶。
②We'll go for a walk if you feel like it.
如果你愿意， 我们去散散步。
③I feel like going to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.
我好想明年暑假去一趟欧洲。
④I felt like laughing at the joke.
听了这个笑话，我想笑。2)摸起来好像是……；觉得好像是……
①I'm holding something that feels like a potato.
我拿着一个摸上去像土豆的东西。
②She felt like a fool.
她觉得自己好像是个大笨蛋。
③He feels like that he has never been to such a place.
他感觉好像从未到过这样一个地方。
④It feels like rain soon.
好像马上就要下雨了。【知识拓展】
would like/love/prefer(to do sth)愿意(或喜欢)……
①It seems to me that he would like to go back home.
我觉得他好像想要回家。
②I would like to give you some advice in the name of a friend.
我愿意以朋友的名义给你一些建议。
③Is there any particular colour you would prefer?
你有什么特别喜欢的颜色吗？
④This baby would love to have you sing her to sleep.
这个孩子就喜欢你用催眠曲把她送入梦乡。【知识运用】
(1)—Do you feel like ________there or shall we take a bus?
—I'd like to walk. But since there isn't much time left, I'd rather we________a taxi.
A．to walk; hire B．walking; hire
C．to walk; hired D．walking; hired答案：D 本题题意：“你想步行去那儿，还是我们乘坐公共汽车去？”“我愿意步行去，可是既然没有多少时间了，我看还是租一辆出租车算了。”feel like doing sth表示“想要做某事：”。would rather(that)sb did/had done...表示“宁愿某人……”，如果表示“现在或将来”时间概念，谓语动词采用一般过去时；表达“过去”时间概念，则采用过去完成时。(2)Wait. We're not finished with you. Now you're going to find out what it______to get kicked off Mt. Everest!
A．feels like B．would like
C．would rather D．looks like
答案：A 本题题意：且慢，你的事还没有了结呢？现在要你尝尝在珠穆朗玛峰被一脚踢下来是什么滋味。feel like表示“觉得好像是……”。
1．Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。【知识剖析】
every time(that...)表示“每次”，是一个名词性词组，在复合句中引导时间状语从句。例如：
①He goes through the whole performance of checking the oil and water every time he drives the car.
他每次开汽车都总是不厌其烦地把油和水整个检查一遍。
②Every time you pay the rent, it is the exact same amount!
每次你付的租金数量是完全相同的！
【知识拓展】
1)the moment, any moment, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, any time，(the)next time, by the time, the first time, the last time等名词词组引导时间状语从句。
①You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
你想回来随时可回来。
②Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.
他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。
③I recognized him the(very)moment I saw him.
我一看见他就认出来了。④Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定带你儿子同来。
⑤By the time we reached Beijing Gardens, the place was in chaos.
我们到达北京花园路时，发现那里一片混乱。
⑥The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty.
第一次到这座岛的时候，我就为它的魅力而感到惊异。⑦The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
她最后一次看到詹姆斯时，他躺在床上。
2)directly, immediately, instantly等副词引导时间状语从句。
①We came directly we got your telephone.
我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。
②They phoned immediately they arrived home.
他们到家后马上打了电话。
③I recognized her instantly I saw her.
我一看见她就把她认出来了。【知识运用】
(1)(2009北京－30) When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ________ up, her voice had been full of life.
A．were hanging B．had hung
C．hung D．would hang
答案：C 本题题意：当我在电话中与我奶奶交谈时，她说话有气无力，但是当我们挂断电话的时侯，她的声音却充满了活力。by the time表示“到……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词通常采用一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)By the time Jane gets home, her aunt________for London to attend a meeting.
A．will leave B．leaves
C．will have left D．left
答案：C 本题题意：当简回家时，她伯母已经前往伦敦参加会议了。by the time表示“到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。当时间状语从句的谓语动词采用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词采用将来完成时。(3)—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
—Yes. I gave it to her ________I saw her.
A．while B．the moment
C．suddenly D．once
答案：B 本题题意：“欠玛丽的钱，你记得还上了吗？”“是的。一见到玛丽我就把钱还给了她。”名词词组the moment 用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。注意：连词while引导时间状语从句时，谓语动词必须为延续性动词，而在本考题中give为瞬间性动词。(4)I thought her nice and honest ________I met her.
A．first time B．for the first time
C．the first time D．by the first time
答案：C 本题题意：我第一次见到她时，就认为她美丽，诚实。名词词组the first time引导时间状语从句。注意：for the first time在句中只能作时间状语。本题还可以表达为：I thought her nice and honest when I met her for the first time. (5)She was appearing in public ________the first time since her illness.
A．不填 B．in
C．for D．by
答案：C 本题题意： 她自从患病以来第一次公开露面。for the first time表示“第一次”，在句中担任状语。2．Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep your mind and especially your hands clean.
去散散步、刷刷牙、喝点水、打扫房间。其实，只要能使你的脑，特别是你的手不得闲的事情，你都可以去做。【知识剖析】
keep your mind and especially your hands clean属于“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。在此结构中，keep表示“保持或继续处于……的状态”，用作宾补的结构除了形容词以外，还有现在分词、过去分词、介词短语名词以及副词，但不能采用不定式(短语)。例如：
①These toys will help to keep the baby amused.
这些玩具能让这个婴儿一直很快乐。(过去分词)
②Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。(现在分词)
③Yang Ming's neighbours claim that they were being kept awake, night after night, and being driven mad by the noise.
杨明的邻居说他们连续很多晚上都睡不着觉，都快被这噪音逼疯了。(形容词)④He always keeps the car in good condition.
他一直使车处于良好状况。(介词短语)
⑤The exact date and location of the wedding are being kept a secret.
婚礼的确切时间和地点仍是个秘密。(名词)
⑥An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
一天一个苹果， 医生不上门。(副词)【知识运用】
(1)(2010上海秋－33) Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________ with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing
C. to amuse D. to be amused
答案：A 本题题意：露西很有幽默感，总是讲故事逗同事开心。keep sb amused 表示“逗乐；让某人开心”。例如：Playing with water can keep children amused for hours. 嬉水能让孩子们开开心心玩好几个小时。(2)(2009全国Ⅱ－16) They use computers to keep the traffic________smoothly.
A．being run B．run
C．to run D．running
答案：D 本题题意：他们使用计算机来保持交通畅通。keep表示“保持或继续处于…的状态”，后接形容词，现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、名词以及副词等担任宾语补足语，但不能采用不定式(短语)。此外，run表示“运转；运行”，通常用作不及物动词。例如：The machine won't run smoothly. 这台机器运转不灵。(3)He was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ________.
A．open B．to be opened
C．to open D．opening
答案：A 本题题意：他瞌睡的很，两只眼睛都快睁不开了。本题考查“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构；在题干中，“保持眼睛一直睁着”是一种持续进行的状态，采用形容词作宾补。此外，open the eye表示“张开眼睛”，名词the eye 与动作open之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，排除表示主动含义的现在分词opening.课件59张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．It's i________ to read people's private letters without permission.
2．This p________ will help to settle your nerves.
3．The details are clearly set out in an a________.
4．In s________ of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.
5．On the other hand, a brave person who dares to take r________ often succeeds.
答案：1.illegal 2.pill 3.appendix 4.spite 5.risksⅡ.短语
1．不顾；不管 ________
2．处境危险________
3．陷入；染上(坏习惯)________
4．冒着……的危险 ________
5．放弃________
答案：1.in spite of 2.at risk/in danger 3.get into 4.at the risk of 5.give upⅢ.完成句子
1．Don't let the children ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (染上……的习惯)going to bed late.
2．One cannot be successful in business unless one is willing to ________ ________ ________ (冒险)．
3．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (尽管有困难), we must carry the work to completion.
4．In Britain, ________ ________ ________ ________ (……是违法的)drive when you are drunk.
5．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (由你决定) when we will start.答案：1.get into the habit of 2.take a risk 3.In spite of the difficulties 4.it is illegal to 5.It is up to you to decide
risk
1)v.
①使……冒风险(或面临危险)
He risked his life when he saved the child from the fire.
他冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救出。
②～(doing)sth冒……的风险(或危险)
They knew they risked being arrested.
他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。③～(doing)sth冒险做；(明知结果)而大胆做
The boatman was willing to risk ferrying them across.
船夫愿冒险渡他们过江。
2)n.
①[C & U]～(of sth)|～(that...)|～(to sb/sth) 危险；风险
There was some [a great, no]risk of her being taken in.
她有几分 [十分有，毫无]受骗的危险。②[C]～(to sth)危险人物；会带来风险的事物
The group was considered to be a risk to national security.
这伙人被认为是威胁国家安全的危险分子。
【知识拓展】
1)at risk (from/of sth) 有危险；冒风险
23 million people in Africa are at risk from starvation.
非洲有2,300万人正处于饥饿的危险中。
2)at the risk of doing sth (用以引出可能听上去愚蠢或冒犯人的话)冒着……的风险
At the risk of boring people to tears, I repeat the most important rule in painting.
冒着使人厌烦得要死的风险，我重复了最重要的绘画规则。3)run the risk(of doing sth)|run risks 冒……的危险；冒险(做某事)
She preferred not to run the risk of encountering his sister.
她宁可不冒与他姐姐发生冲突的危险。
4)take a risk|take risks 冒险(做某事)
That's a risk I'm not prepared to take.
我不愿意去冒这个险。5)in danger 在……危险之中
We should stay calm in danger.
我们在危险的时候应该保持冷静。
6)in danger of 有失去……的危险
You are in danger of catching a cold if you don't take any medicine.
如果你不吃药的话， 就有感冒的危险。【知识运用】
(1)(2007上海春－42) If your race car isn't insured, you may________ losing everything when it hits something solid.
A．delay B．deny
C．avoid D．risk
答案：D 本题题意：如果你的赛车没有投保，一旦它与坚硬的物体相撞，你可能冒着失去一切的风险。risk表示“冒……的风险(或危险)”。(2)We've been advised not to risk________in these conditions.
A．to travel B．travelling
C．being travelled D．to be lost
答案：B 本题题意：我们受到忠告，在这种条件下不要冒险出行。risk表示“冒险做；(明知结果)而大胆做”，后接名词或动名词担任宾语。
1．in spite of 不管；尽管
①They went out in spite of the rain.
尽管下着雨， 他们还是出去了。
②In spite of all his efforts he failed.
他已竭尽全力， 但仍然失败了。【知识拓展】
1)regardless of 不管；不顾；不理会
①I'll take the job regardless of the pay.
不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。
②They decorated the house regardless of cost.
他们不惜工本装修这栋房子。2)despite 不管；尽管；任凭
①They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather.
尽管天气不好， 他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。
②Despite wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters.
她尽管很想再见到他， 但却不愿给他回信。3)in the face of
(1)不顾(问题、困难等)
She showed great courage in the face of danger.
面对危险她表现出了巨大的勇气。
(2)(＝as a result of)因为；由于
We are powerless in the face of such forces.
面对这样强大的力量， 我们无能为力。 【知识运用】
(1)The boy went swimming in the deep lake________his mother's fears for his safety.
A．in the face of B．as a result of
C．regardless of D．in spite of
答案：C 本题题意：那个男孩不顾母亲对他安全的担扰，跑到深湖中游泳。regardless of 表示“不管；不顾；不理会”。(2)________the rainy weather, the streets were full of people on May Day.
A．In the face of B．As a result of
C．Regardless of D．In spite of
答案：D 本题题意：五一节那天，尽管下雨，街上还是挤满了人。in spite of表示“不管；尽管”。2．make up one's mind 作出决定；下定决心
①I've made up my mind to be a doctor.
我决心当医生。
②Have you made your mind up where to go for your holiday?
你已决定到什么地方去度假了吗？
③They're both beautiful—I can't make up my mind.
两人都很漂亮—我难以决定。【知识拓展】
1)bear/keep sth in mind|bear/keep in mind that… 将…记在心中；记起；考虑
①What kind of party do you have in mind?
你打算举办什么样的晚会？
②Do bear in mind that the tickets are usually sold very quickly.
记住，票通常卖得很快。2)bring/call sb/sth to mind
(1)想起；记起
She couldn't call to mind where she had seen him before.
她想不起来曾在哪里见过他。
(2)使想起；使记起
The painting brings to mind some of Qi Baishi's early works.
这幅油画使人们想起了齐白石早期的一些作品。3)come/spring to mind 突然记起(或想起)
I'm sure someone can help you, but no one immediately brings to mind.
我确信有人能帮助你，但一时又想不起来有谁。
4)on one's mind 挂在心上；惦念
I've got a lot on my mind at the moment.
眼下我有许多事要操心。
5)put/set/give/turn one's mind to sth|set one's mind on sth 集中精力做；下决心做
If he's set his mind on doing it, nothing will stop him.
他一旦下决心去做， 任何事情都挡不住他。6)open one's mind to 向……敞开思想；愿意接受
He opened his mind to the ways of the rest of the world.
他开放思想接受世界其他地方习俗。
7)read one's mind/thoughts 猜测；揣摩
I can read your mind like a book.
我可以像读书一样清楚地看到你的心理活动。
8)change her mind 改变主意
Tom changed his mind to play football after class.
汤姆改变主意下课后去踢足球。6)open one's mind to 向……敞开思想；愿意接受
He opened his mind to the ways of the rest of the world.
他开放思想接受世界其他地方习俗。
7)read one's mind/thoughts 猜测；揣摩
I can read your mind like a book.
我可以像读书一样清楚地看到你的心理活动。
8)change her mind 改变主意
Tom changed his mind to play football after class.
汤姆改变主意下课后去踢足球。9)bend one's mind/efforts to sth 致力于某事；专心致力于某事
He couldn't bend his mind to his studies.
他不能专心学习。
10)keep one's mind on sth专心于……；致力于……
Keep your minds on your work.
专心干你们的活吧！11)focus one's mind/attention on sth集中(精力、注意力、思想等)于……
They focused all their attention/minds on finding a solution to the problem.
他们集中全部注意力去寻找解决问题的办法。
12)apply oneself to|apply/give/set/bend one's mind to专心致力于……
The new comer applied his mind to the job.
新来的职员工作专心致志。
13)turn one's mind/thoughts/attention to把自己的心智、思想、注意力贯注在某事物上
He turned his mind back to the road again.
他把注意力回转到道路上。【知识运用】
(1)When I told her the house was still standing, she________her mind to come home right away.
A．made up B．took up
C．turned up D．showed up
答案：A 本题题意：她听见我说房子还在时，就决定马上回去了。make up one's mind 表示“作出决定；下定决心”。(2)What's more, I have come to understand a truth—nothing is difficult in the world if you put your________into it.
A．mind B．heart
C．brain D．thought
答案：B 本题题意：更重要的是我悟出了一个道理：世界上不论什么事，不管难与易，重要的是你敢于去做。put one's heart into sth(＝give/put/set/turn one's mind to sth) 表示“专心致力于……；全神贯注于……”。3．get into
1)养成某种习惯；习惯于
Don't let yourself get into the bad habit of smoking.
不要让自己染上抽烟的坏习惯。
2)(使)陷入，处于，达到
Can't you stop your son from getting into trouble?
你能不能制止你儿子别惹上麻烦？3)进入
How did the thieves get into the house?
这些窃贼怎么进入室内的？
4)(尤指费力地)穿上
As I have gained weight, I can't get into my best suit.
因为体重增加，我无法穿我那件最好的西装。
5)开始从事某职业
What's the best way to get into journalism?
进入新闻界的最佳途径是什么？6)参与，开始(某事)
Two players got into a fight and were sent to the penalty box for two minutes.
两名打架的球员被罚到惩罚席上坐二分钟。
7)对……产生兴趣
I'm really getting into jazz these days.
我最近真的开始喜欢爵士乐了。
8)开始熟悉；学会
You'll soon get into the way of doing it.
你很快就能学会做这件事。【知识运用】
(1)The children________the bad habit of switching on the television as soon as they came back from school.
A．got off B．got into
C．got across D．got in
答案：B 本题题意：孩子们养成了坏习惯，从学校一回来就打开电视机。get into表示“养成某种习惯；习惯于”。(2)—Are you coming on with us, Jack?
—I shouldn't, but what the hell. I'm going to________trouble when I get home, anyway.
A．get into B．look for
C．ask for D．make
答案：A 本题题意：“杰克，你和我们一起来吗？”“不。不过，管它呢，反正我一到家就会遇到麻烦。”get into表示“(使)陷入，处于，达到”。it的用法(1)
1)it指已提及或心目中的人或事物。
①This is our new car. I bought it yesterday.
这是我们的新车。我昨天买的。
②This suitcase looks heavy but actually it is very light.
这个皮箱看上去很重， 实际上很轻。2)指无生命物、动植物、性别不详的幼孩等。
①What a beautiful baby—is it a boy?
多漂亮的孩子啊—他是男孩吗？
②Go and open the door, Miss Green. It may be the police.
去开门，格林小姐，可能是警察。3)it表示“(已知的或暗含的)事实或情况”。
①When the factory closes, it (＝this event) will mean 500 redundancies.
工厂一旦关闭， 那就意味着要有500人遭遣散。
②Yes, I was at home on Sunday. What about/of it?
是啊， 我星期天在家来着。怎么了？4)it作无人称动词的主语，表示时间、气候、距离等。
①It was two miles to the island.
距离小岛有两英里远。
②It's quite warm at the moment.
现在天气很暖和。
5)it担任形式宾语，代替不定式短语或宾语从句，偶尔为动名词。动词like, dislike, enjoy, appreciate, love, hate, stop等可以构成V＋it when/if...形式。①She found it interesting to learn about their strategy.
她觉得学习他们的策略很有意思。
②You will find it very nice taking a walk early in the morning.
你会发现在清晨散步很好。
③I must make it clear that I'll always support it.
我必须申明我将永远支持你。
④I don't like it when you shout at me.
我不喜欢你对我大喊大叫。6)it 担任形式主语，代替不定式，动名词或主语从句。
①It is impossible to assess the problem.
无法估摸这个问题。
②It is no use trying.
试也白试。
③Does it matter what colour it is?
是什么颜色有关系吗？
④It appears that the two leaders are holding secret talks.
两位领导人好像在举行秘密会谈。⑤It isn't certain whether we shall succeed.
我们是否会成功还很难说。
7)it用于某些动词、介词后面，词义含糊，构成习惯语。
①Let's walk it.
我们走路去。
②You'll catch it from your father.
你会挨你父亲的骂。
③If we miss the bus, we'll have to foot it.
如果我们赶不上公共汽车，我们只好走路。
④Let's make a night of it.
让我们痛饮一晚吧。8)用在强调句型中(答语也要用it代替心目中的人)。
①It was Peter who lent us the money.
是彼得借了钱给我们。
②It's today that he's going.
他是今天走。
9)指代整个句子的内容。
①—We've been invited to the ball at the palace.
—Really? I can't believe it.
“我们被邀请去参加宫廷舞会。”“真的吗？我不相信。”②Stop it, you're hurting me.
快停下来，你把我弄痛了。
10)it表示“环境或情况；泛指的事物”。
①If it's convenient，I can see you tomorrow.
要是方便的话， 我明天可以见你。
②It's getting very competitive in the car industry.
汽车工业方面的竞争日益加剧。【知识运用】
(1)(2010辽宁－33) The fact that she was foreign made ________ difficult for her to get a job in that country.
A. so B. much
C. that D. it
答案：D 本题题意：她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。本题考查固定句式“make it＋形容词或名词＋不定式短语或宾语从句”的用法，其中it担任形式宾语。(2)(2009北京－35) Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with________extra stress.
A．it B．them
C．one D．him
答案：A 本题题意：作父母不容易，作为一个需要特殊需求的孩子的父母常常具有额外的压力。it指代动名词短语being the parent of a child with special needs.(3)(2009四川－3)I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy________.
A．one B．it
C．this D．that
答案：B 本题题意：我喜欢这所前面带有美丽花园的房子，可是我现在没有足够的钱把它买下来。it指代名词this house.
(4)(2008四川2－6) I admired the painting, and Ed said he would like me to have________as a gift from him.
A．one B．it C．this D．some
答案：B 本题题意：我欣赏这幅画，埃德说他愿意把它作为一份礼物送给我。it指代名词the painting.(5)(2008天津－9) —How much do I owe you for lunch?
—________. It's nothing.
A．You're welcome
B．Forget it
C．With pleasure
D．That's right
答案：B 本题题意：“午饭我要付你多少钱？”“算了吧。这没什么。”forget it表示“没关系；不必在意”。(6)(2007全国1－21)—Have you heard the latest news?
—No, what________？
A．is it B．is there
C．are they D．are those
答案：A 本题题意：“你听到最新消息了吗？”“没有，是什么？”it指代名词the latest news.(7)(2007山东－24)________worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A．This B．That
C．What D．It
答案：D 本题题意：他做事总是改变主意，这使我烦恼不已。it担任形式主语，代替后面被定语从句修饰的名词the way.其正常语序为The way he keeps changing his mind worries me.(8)(2007天津－1) He didn't make________clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A．this B．that
C．it D．these
答案：C 本题题意：会议何时何地举行，他没有明示。本题考查句式“make/feel/find＋it＋adj./n＋宾语从句”，其中it担任形式宾语。(9)________does not matter if we live a short life as long as we have been living a meaningful one.
A．This B．It
C．One D．What
答案：B 本题题意：只要生活得有意义，我们的寿命即使很短也没有关系。It doesn't matter为固定结构，其后有时可以跟一个从句。例如：It doesn't matter how you are dressed. 你穿得怎样并没关系。(10)Although I spoke to him a number of times，________was only to pass the time of day.
A．it B．which
C．what D．that
答案：A 本题题意：尽管我和他交谈过几次，但都是寒暄而已。it表示“(已知的或暗含的)事实或情况”。课件55张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．The ________ (男性的) voice is deeper than the female.
2．In my ________ (判断), we should accept their apology.
3．They picked the ones who had the best chance of ________ (存活)．
4．She was ________ (尴尬的) when they asked her age.
5．He was very ________ (笨拙的) when using the tool for the first time.答案：1.male 2.judgement 3.survival 4.embarrassed 5.awkward
Ⅱ.短语
1．in spite ________ 不顾；不管
2．________ risks/a risk 冒险
3．get ________ 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
4．________ risk 处境危险；遭受危险
5．________ breath 上气不接下气
6．________ one's mind 下定决心
答案：1.of 2.take 3.into 4.at 5.out of 6.make up1．prejudice [C & U]～(against sb/sth) 偏见；成见
①She has a prejudice against modern music.
她对现代音乐怀有偏见。
②I haven't got one particle of race prejudice.
我没有丝毫的种族偏见。 【知识运用】
(1)I want to make it clear that I have no________against you.
A．appreciation B．prejudice
C．amusement D．attraction
答案：B 本题题意：我要表明我对你没有偏见。prejudice表示“偏见；成见”。(2)Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial________.
A．justice B．prejudice
C．culture D．introduction
答案：B 本题题意：许多黑肤色的游客到了美国，都害怕自己会受到攻击，或者出现不同程度的种族偏见。racial prejudice表示“种族歧视”。2．awkward (adj.)
1)令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
He felt awkward and uncomfortable.
他感到尴尬和不舒服。
2)难对付的；难处理的
He asked several awkward questions at the press conference.
他在记者招待会上提了几个难回答的问题。
3)不方便的
Aunt Lena came to visit us at an awkward time.
丽娜大婶在我们很不方便的时候来了。4)不优美的；难看的；不舒适的
He tried to dance, but he was too clumsy and awkward.
他试着跳舞，但是太笨拙，太别扭。
5)(因形状、设计而)产生困难的，危险的
The pan is an awkward shape.
这个锅的形状用起来不方便。【知识运用】
(1)There was an________silence, when no one knew what to say.
A．awkward B．discomfort
C．available D．incredible
答案：A 本题题意：当谁都不知道说什么时，就陷入了尴尬的沉默。an awkward silence表示“令人尴尬的沉默”。(2)The child feels awkward________strangers.
A．in B．at
C．with D．on
答案：C 本题题意：这孩子在陌生人面前觉得不自在。be/feel awkward with表示“对…感觉难为情的，(忸怩不安的或不自在的)”。注意：be/feel awkward at/in表示“在……方面不雅观的”。例如：He is awkward in his gait/at table tennis.他的步态不雅观。/他的乒乓球技巧拙劣。
1．come across
1)(偶然)遇见，碰见，发现
I came across this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.
我昨天找书的时候，偶然发现了这张早年的照片。
2)(＝come over) 被理解；被弄懂
Your speech came across very well；everyone understands your opinion now.
你的发言清楚明了，现在大家都理解你的观点了。3)给人以……印象；使产生……印象
She came across well in interviews.
她在面试中常给人留下很好的印象。
4)～(with sth)(需要时)提供，供给，给予
The robber told the girl to come across with her purse.
强盗要那女孩交出钱包。
5)穿过(路、桥等)
Don't come across the street when there is heavy traffic.
车子多的时候不要过街。6)浮现在脑海中
A good idea came across my mind.
我的脑海中有了一个好主意。
7)过来； 过访
Why don't you come across to our house this evening?
今晚你何不到我们家来坐坐？ 【知识拓展】
1)come about (that...) 发生
The flood came about as a result of the heavy spring rains.
春季的大雨造成了洪水泛滥。
2)come from
(1)出生于；来自
What part of South America did she come from?
她出生在南美洲的哪个地方？ (2)始于；产自；来自
Knowledge comes from practice.
知识来自于实践。
3)come on
(1)(用于命令)快；加油；加把劲
Come on, children, or we'll be late!
快点， 孩子们， 不然我们就晚了！
(2)(表示知道某人所说的话不正确)
Oh, come on—you know that isn't true.
咳，得了吧，你知道那不是真的！4)come along(用于命令)赶快；加把劲
Come along or we'll miss the train.
快点， 不然就会赶不上火车。
5)come up
(1)(从土中)长出发芽
The sunflower seeds that we've sown have come up.
我们种的向日葵种子已经发芽了。
(2)被提及，被讨论
The subject came up in the conversation.
这个问题是在谈话中被提到的。(3)(太阳)升起
I like to get up early to watch the sun come up.
我喜欢早起看日出。
(4)发生
I'm afraid something urgent has come up.
恐怕有紧急事情发生。
6)come up with找到(答案)
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了增加销售量的新办法。7)come up(to sb) (为攀谈而)靠近，接近
He came up to the policeman and asked the way.
他走上前去向警察问路。
8)come up to表示“升到(某点)；达到(某标准)”
His performance didn't really come up to his usual high standard.
他没有真正表现出平日的高水平。9)come out
(1)出版，发行或发表
Her new novel will be coming out in time for the Christmas sales.
她的新小说将赶在圣诞节购物潮时发行。
(2)(太阳、月亮、星星)等出现，露出
The rain stopped and the sun came out.
雨停后太阳出来了。
(3)(花)盛开，开花
Some flowers have begun to come out in early spring.
早春时节，有些花已经开放了。(4)被获悉；为人所知
The secret will finally come out.
这个秘密终究要被人知道的。
(5)显示；显出
Her best qualities came out in a crisis.
她的优秀品质在危难之中显示了出来。
(6)出来
Come out and get some fresh air.
出来吸点新鲜空气。10)come around/round(to...)恢复知觉；苏醒
After this much-needed rain our crops will come around again.
有了这阵及时雨我们的庄稼就会缓过来了。
11)come at sb扑向(某人)
The man came at the boy with a stick.
那人拿着一根棍子向男孩扑过去。
12)come back 回来；返回；再度流行；再次成功
I'll come back in two hours.
我两小时后就回来。13)come back (to sb) 恢复记忆；回想起
The scene comes back to my mind.
那情景又浮现在我的脑海中。
14)come in/come into进入
Come into the garden and I'll show you my roses.
到花园里来，我给你看我的玫瑰花。【知识运用】
(1)(2007江苏－24)—Have you________some new ideas?
—Yeah. I'll tell you later.
A．come about B．come into
C．come up with D．come out with
答案：C 本题题意：“你想出新主意了吗？”“是的。我过会儿告诉你。”come up with表示“找到(答案)”。(2)采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①That magazine comes________once a month.
②Come________， and have it out in plain words.
③I hope you can come________with a better plan than this.
④How did it come________that the man is dismissed?
⑤Your speech came________very well; everyone understands your opinion now.
⑥When important questions come________，the members often lose their dignified ways and shout at each other.⑦Short skirts are coming________.
⑧The noise came________us from all sides.
⑨If you go on like this，you will come________nothing.
⑩The rain is wetting your dress; please do come________， he said.
?These creatures were believed to have come______outer space.
?Pour some water on his face he'll soon come______.答案：① out 译文：那个杂志每月出一期。
② on 译文：来，把它用明白的语言说出来。
③ up 译文：我希望你能提出比这更好的计划来。
④ about 译文：那个人被解雇了，怎么回事？
⑤ across 译文：你的发言清楚明了，现在大家都理解你的观点了。
⑥ up 译文：重要的问题一被提出来，议员们常常是失去了他们庄严的风度，互相争吵起来。
⑦ back 译文：短裙又开始流行起来。
⑧ at 译文：噪音从四面八方向我们扑来。⑨ to 译文：如果你继续这样下去，你将一事无成。
⑩ in 译文：“雨把您的衣服打湿了；请您务必进来，”他说。
? from 译文：据说这种生物来自外太空。
? round/around 译文：往他脸上泼些水——他很快就会醒过来。
2．think out 认真考虑；仔细盘算
①Let's think this out together——there must be a way to solve this.
让我们一起好好考虑一下吧， 一定有办法能解决这件事情的。
②I must think out a way of solving the problem.
我必须想出一个解决这个问题的办法。【知识拓展】
1)think about
(1)考虑到；关心；替……着想
Don't you ever think about other people?
难道你就从来没有考虑过别人吗？
(2)考虑；打算做某事
I should like to think about your suggestion before I give a definite reply.
我想先考虑一下你的建议， 然后给你一个明确的答复。(3)回想
She is thinking about her childhood days.
她在回想童年时代的生活。
2)think of sth/sb
(1)想像到
Can you think of why she should do such a thing?
你能想象得出她为什么干这样一件事吗？
(2)对……有看法
What do you think of my new shoes?
你认为我的新鞋子如何？
(3)想出；构思出
Can anyone think of a way to raise money?
谁能想出个集资的办法？(4)记得；想起
I know his face, but I can't think of where I've met him.
我看他面熟，可想不起在哪儿见过他了。
(5)为……着想；关心
He always thinks of other people first, never of himself.
他总是先想到别人，从不想到自己。
(6)考虑；打算做某事
When I said that, I was not thinking of her feelings.
我讲那话时，并没有考虑到她的感情。3)think over (尤指在作出决定前)仔细考虑；慎重思考
I've thought the plan over and decided not to join it after all.
我重新考虑了那个计划， 终于决定不参与其事。
4)think up想出；发明
We must think up a new way of dealing with him.
我们必须想出一个对付他的新办法。【知识运用】
采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①I'd never think________asking someone to lend me so much money!
②Jack's very good at thinking________excuses for not working.
③When you've thought things________， you'll probably realize that my idea is quite good after all.④I've got to think________something to wear for the fancy dress party.
⑤His arguments have obviously been well thought______.
⑥It's certainly an offer well worth thinking________.
答案：
①of 译文： 我从未想过要向别人借这么多钱！
②up 译文： 杰克很善于为自己不干活找借口。
③over 译文： 你把情况认真加以思考之后，就可能会意识到，我的想法毕竟是相当不错的。
④up 译文： 我得想出去参加化装舞会时应穿戴的东西。
⑤out 译文： 他的论点很明显是经过周密思考而产生的。
⑥about 译文： 这当然是很值得考虑的报价。
1．Unfortunately, people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice.
不幸的是，由于偏见，HIV病毒携带者有时会失去他们的朋友。【知识剖析】
unfortunately 为句子副词(观点副词)，修饰整个句子，通常表达说话者或叙述者的观点。此类常见的有：admittedly, fortunately, unfortunately, frankly, happily(for sb), honestly, luckily, unluckily, naturally, officially, strangely enough等。它们通常位于句首，但有时放在句末也是可以的。常常用一个逗号将它与句子的其他部分隔开。例如：
①Unfortunately, we do not have the time to interview every applicant.
遗憾的是我们没有时间一一面试每位申请人。②Fortunately, no shots were fired and no one was hurt.
幸亏没人开枪，也没有人受伤。
③Honestly, Tom didn't get the money.
老实说，汤姆没有拿到钱。
④Frankly, I was pleased to leave.
老实说，我乐意离开。
⑤Strangely enough, it turned out we'd been at school together.
原来我们以前是同学，多奇怪。
【知识运用】
(1)She's lived in Spain for more than 10 years, but________she can't speak a word of Spanish.
A．strangely enough B．enough strangely
C．strange enough D．enough strange
答案：A 本题题意：她在西班牙已住了十多年，但奇怪的是她西班牙语一句也不会讲。副词enough修饰形容词或另一个副词时，需放在被修饰词之后。此外，表示感情或态度的副词(观点副词)可以修饰整个句子，通常位于句子的开头。(2)The police found my handbag and，________， nothing had been stolen.
A．happy B．happily
C．delighted D．naturally
答案：B 本题题意：警察找回我的手提包， 幸好没有被偷去什么。本题考查句子副词(观点副词)的用法。2．(If you inject drugs), do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.
(假如你要注射药物)，在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其它东西。【知识剖析】
while injecting drugs 为时间状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为：..., while you are injecting drugs. 在英语中，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，同时从句谓语又含有系动词be时，可将从句的主语和系动词be一同省略，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋分词(或形容词)”的形式。例如：①When you do this exercise, make changes in the sentence structure when (if) necessary.
做这个练习时，必要时可以改动句子结构。
②He is very good at painting, though(he is)very young.
他虽然年纪很轻，但很会画画。
③The boy looked as if(he was)afraid of nothing.
那男孩看来好像什么都不怕。 ④If(it is)necessary, we shall send a telegram home.
有必要，我们就往家里打电报。
⑤Whenever(it is)possible, he will come to my help.
他一有可能就来帮助我。
⑥While(you are)cycling, don't forget the traffic lights.
骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
【知识运用】
(1)(2010全国Ⅱ－11) Though ________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. was surprised
C. surprised D. being surprised
答案：C 本题题意：虽然教授见到我们显得很惊讶，但是他热烈欢迎了我们。本题考查状语从句的省略，其完整形式为Though he was surprised to see us，...(2)(2010浙江－8) The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ________ regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
答案：C 本题题意：实验结果表明， 适度大运动量锻炼如果定期进行可以改善我们的身体健康。本题考查状语从句的省略，其完整形式为if it is carried out regularly，...(3)(2007全国1－28) We all know that，________， the situation will get worse.
A．not if dealt carefully with
B．if not carefully dealt with
C．if dealt not carefully with
D．not if carefully dealt with
答案：B 本题题意：我们都认识到，如果不小心应对，形势将会恶化。本题考查状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：if it is not carefully dealt with，...(4)(2007四川－35) The flowers his friend gave him will die unless________every day.
A．watered B．watering
C．water D．to water
答案：A 本题题意：除非每天浇灌，否则他朋友所送的花将会死掉。本题考查状语从句的省略，补充完整为unless they are watered every day.(5)When________different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A．compared B．being compared
C．comparing D．having compared
答案：C 本题题意：在比较不同的文化时，我们经常只是关注其差异，而忽略了它们之间的许多共性。本题考查状语从句的省略，补充完整为：When we compare different cultures，...(6)When________help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It's kind of you.”
A．offering B．to offer
C．to be offered D．offered
答案：D 本题题意：当得到来自他人的帮助时，我们常常说“谢谢。”或“谢谢你。”本题考查时间状语的省略。补充完整为：When he or she is offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “It's very kind of you”. 此外也可以理解为过去分词作时间状语。
