课件17张PPT。
consume (v.)
1)消耗、耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)
She consumed most of her time in reading.
她把大部分时间都花在读书上。
2)吃；喝；饮
The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.
孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。
3)～sb (with sth) 使充满(强烈的感情)
The boy was consumed with curiosity.
那男孩充满好奇心。4)烧毁；毁灭
The fire consumed half the village.
大火吞噬了半个村庄。【知识运用】
(1)Each year Americans________a high percentage of the world's energy.
A．exhaust B．digest
C．absorb D．consume
答案：D 本题题意：每年美国人都消耗掉世界能源的很大比例。consume表示“消耗；耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)”。(2)The man is________with the idea of going abroad.
A．covered B．addicted
C．consumed D．accustomed
答案：C 本题题意：这人一心想着出国。consume sb (with sth)表示“使充满(强烈的感情)”。
depend on/upon
1)～sb/sth 依靠；信赖
You can depend on him.
你可以信赖他。
2)确信；相信；指望
We can depend on his arriving here on time.
我们可以相信他会准时到来。
3)～sb/sth(for sth)需要、依靠(提供资金、帮助等)
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。4)～sth 受……的影响；由……决定；取决于
A lot will depend on how she responds to the challenge.
在很大程度上将取决于她对这一难题的反应。【知识拓展】
1)rely on/upon
(1)依赖；依靠
Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。
(2)信任；信赖
You may rely on me to help you.
你可以信赖我会帮助你的。2)That depends|It(all)depends.那得看情况。
—How many people use each screen?
—It/That all depends.
“每个屏幕有多少人使用？” “这要看情况。”
【知识运用】
(1)(2001上海－50)I'm planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no guarantees because it________the weather.
A．links with B．depends on
C．connects to D．decides on
答案：B 本题题意：我计划举办一次露天聚会，可是我不能做出承诺一定举办，因为这完全要视天气状况而定。depend on sth 表示“受……的影响；由……决定；取决于”。(2)(2010江苏－27) —Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?
—________. Ours is much stronger than theirs.
A. Of course B. It depends
C. Don't mention it D. By no means
答案：D 本题题意：“你认为他们的乒乓球队会在即将举行的亚运会上获得冠军吗？ ” “绝无可能。我们球队的实力比他们强多了。” by no means表示“绝不；一点也不”。(3)—How often do you eat out?
—________， but usually once a week.
A．Have no idea
B．It depends
C．As usual
D．Generally speaking
答案：B 本题题意：“你们多久出去吃一次饭？” “视情形而定吧，通常每周一次。” That/It (all)depends.表示“那得看情况”。课件132张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．________ to use something up, especially fuel, energy or time; to eat or drink sth
2．________ to look quickly at sth/sb
3．________ happening or chosen without any definite plan, aim or pattern
4．________ a general tendency in the way a situation is changing or developing
5．________ a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction or many people are injured or die
6．________ (n.) 现象→________ (pl.)7．________ (vt.) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→________ (adj.)反对的；对立的
8．________ (n.)结果；后果；影响→________ (adj.)→________(adv.)因此；所以
9．________(vt.) 陈述；说明→________ (n.)声明；陈述
10．________ (adj.) 平稳的；持续的；稳固的→________ (adv.)平稳地；持续地
答案：1.consume 2.glance 3.random 4.trend 5.catastrophe 6.phenomenon; phenomena 7.oppose; opposed 8.consequence; consequent; consequently 9.state；statement 10.steady; steadilyⅡ.短语
1．come ________ 发生；造成
2．quantities ________大量的
3．go ________ 上升；增长；升起
4．result ________ 导致
5．be opposed ________ 反对……
6．________ if 即使
7．keep ________ 继续
8．in the range ________ 在……范围内
9．glance ________ (粗略地)看一下，扫视
10．subscribe ________ 同意；赞成；订购答案：1.about 2.of 3.up 4.in 5.to 6.even 7.on 8.of 9.at 10.toⅢ.语篇导读
Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.答案：1.fossil fuels 2.315 parts 3.100 4.sea level 5.droughts 6.diseases 7.disappearance 8.quicker 9.more 10.animals
1．random (adj.) 随意的；任意的；未经事先考虑的；胡乱的
①He was not listening and made a random answer to the teacher's question.
他不在听讲，对教师的问题瞎答一通。
②The list is arranged in a random order.
名单排列不分先后。
③I asked a few random questions of Ellen as we sat there.
当我们坐在那里的时候，我随便问了爱伦几个问题。【知识拓展】
at random 随意地；胡乱地；任意地
①He asked questions at random.
他胡乱问了些问题。
②He took a book at random off the shelf.
他随意从书架上拿下一本书。【知识运用】
(1)The teacher might suddenly address individual students________.
A．at random B．at ease
C．at least D．at most答案：A 本题题意：老师可能随意突然地与个别学生谈话。at random表示“随意地；胡乱地；任意地”。at(one's) ease表示“舒适；自由自在；无拘无束”。例如：The dentist soon put the small girl at ease. 牙医很快使小女孩的情绪放松了。at (the) least表示“至少”。例如：He smoked at least half a packet of cigarettes a day.他每天至少抽半包烟。at (the) most表示“至多”。例如：It will take two hours at most to get there. 最多两小时便可到达那里。
(2)The terrorists fired into the crowd________random.
A．in B．at
C．on D．with
答案：B 本题题意：恐怖分子向人群胡乱射击。at random表示“随意地；胡乱地；任意地”。2．subscribe(v.)
1)～(to sth) 订阅；订购(报刊等)
I subscribed to a morning paper.
我订阅了一份晨报。
2)～(to sth) 定期缴纳(会员费)；定期(向慈善机构)捐款；定期捐助
How much did you subscribe (to the disaster fund)?
你(向赈灾基金)捐了多少钱？
3)申请；预订；报名
The tour of Qingdao is fully subscribed.
去青岛旅游的名额已经满了。【知识拓展】
subscribe to 同意；赞成
①It's not an opinion I tend to subscribe to.
这个观点我不太赞同。
②It is not a theory that is commonly subscribed to.
一般人并不赞成这个理论。【知识运用】
(1)The magazine is trying to get more readers to______.
A．describe B．sacrifice
C．subscribe D．contribute
答案：C 本题题意：该杂志正大力发展新订户。subscribe表示“订阅；订购(报刊等)”。(2)The company subscribe________the view that if you can encourage children to use your products, they will continue to use them when they are adults.
A．to B．with
C．for D．on
答案：A 本题题意：公司赞成这样的观点，即如果能够鼓励儿童使用你的产品，他们长大后就会继续使用这些产品。subscribe to 表示“同意；赞成”。3．tend (v.)
1)～to do sth往往会……；常常就……
①I tend to go to bed earlier during the winter.
我在冬天常睡得较早。
②Recent laws have tended to restrict the freedom of the press.
新法例有限制新闻自由的趋势。
③It tends to rain here a lot in summer.
这里夏天较为多雨。2)～to/towards sth趋向；走向；倾向；趋于
①Modern furniture design tends to simplicity.
现代家具设计越来越简单。
②We're tending towards the view that all students should study English.
我们倾向于认为所有的学生都应该学习英语。【知识运用】
(1)She________get angry when others disagree with her.
A．contributes to B．leads to
C．tends to D．means to
答案：C 本题题意：别人不同意她的看法时，她很容易生气。tend to do sth 表示“往往会……；常常就……”。(2)Our organization will tend________the improvement of society.
A．to B．in
C．on D．with
答案：A 本题题意：我们的组织将为社会风气的改善作出贡献。tend to/towards sth 表示“趋向；走向；倾向；趋于”。4．trend (n.)～(towards sth) 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向
①Prices are on the upward/downward trend.
物价有上涨/下跌的趋势。
②The event changed the trend of public opinion.
这件事改变了舆论的趋向。【知识运用】
(1)The________at the moment is towards a more natural and less made-up look.
A．direction B．advantage
C．trend D．practice
答案：C 本题题意：现在流行的是外表上更注重少加装扮的自然美。trend 表示“趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向”。(2)They are following the American trend________more flexible working conditions.
A．for B．towards
C．on C．with
答案：B 本题题意：他们跟随美国的趋势，向更加灵活的工作条件转变。trend 表示“趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向”，通常和介词towards连用。5．oppose (v.) 反对(计划、政策等)；抵制；阻挠
①I made a proposal, and nobody opposed.
我提出了一项建议，没有人反对。
②They opposed the government's new policies.
他们反对政府的新政策。
③I would oppose changing the law.
我将反对改变这个法规。
④The husband strongly opposed his wife's going there alone.
丈夫极力反对妻子单独去那个地方。【知识拓展】
opposed (adj.)
1)～(to sth) (人)强烈反对
She seems very much opposed to your going abroad.
她好像很反对你出国。
2)(意见、看法等)截然不同
Our views are diametrically opposed on this issue.
在这个问题上，我们的观点大相径庭。【词语辨析1】
oppose, deny
这两个动词都含“否定，否认”，“反驳，反对”之意。
1)oppose指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”， 着重动作，尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。
He opposed the proposal to build a new hall.
他反对修建新礼堂的建议。
2)deny坚定地否认某事为真实的。侧重否认意见或言论的真实性，尤指否定他人的指控或责难。
He denied knowing anything about it.
他否认知道此事。 【词语辨析2】
oppose, object, resist
这些动词都含“反对”的意思。
1)oppose为常用词， 指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”，侧重对抗。
The old man can't bear anyone in the family to oppose him.
这位老人决不能容忍家里有人违抗他。 2)object 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”， 着重“个人嫌厌”和“(由于与个人有关因此)提出反对意见”。
I really object to being charged for parking at the hospital.
我坚决反对医院收取停车费。
3)resist侧重指对现实中遭遇到的攻击压力积极反抗。
They successfully resisted pressure from their competitors to increase prices.
他们成功地顶住了竞争对手提高价格的压力。【知识运用】
(1)After the professor，________out the project, made a comment on the report, the media focused on it.
A．was opposed to carry
B．opposed to carry
C．opposed to carrying
D．opposed carrying
答案：C 本题题意：反对执行这个方案的这位教授在报告中对此方案作了评论之后，媒体才关注到该方案。本题考查形容词短语在句中担任后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句who was opposed to carrying out the project.注意：be opposed to doing sth表示“强烈反对做……”。(2)采取oppose, deny, object或resist的适当形式填空：
①He________having seen these watches before.
②We are firmly________to the practice of power politics between nations.
③He couldn't________showing off his new car.
④Many local people________to the building of the new airport.答案：
① denied 译文：他否认曾经见过这些手表。
② opposed 译文：我们坚决反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。
③ resist 译文：他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
④ object 译文：很多当地的居民反对修建新机场。6．consequence (n.)
1)[C, often pl.] 结果；后果
①Nobody can tell what the consequences may be.
没有人能说出可能的后果。
②The practice had far-reaching environmental consequences.
这种做法对环境造成了深远的影响。
③This could have serious consequences for the economy.
这可能会给经济带来严重的后果。2)[U] 重要性
①This matter is of great consequence to all of us.
对于我们来说这件事非常重要。
②Is it of any consequence to you?
对你重要吗？【知识拓展】
1)in consequence(of sth)|as a consequence(of sth)由于；作为……的结果
①She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it)．
她被判有罪， 因而失去了工作。
②It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled.
昨天下雨了， 结果比赛被取消。③As a consequence of smoking, my father coughs frequently.
因为吸烟的缘故，我父亲经常咳嗽。
④As a consequence, diplomas will become weaker and more ornamental as the years go by.
结果，随着岁月的流逝，文凭将逐渐失去权威性，而更加成为装饰品。
2)take/bear/accept the consequences 承担后果
①You must accept the full consequences of your behaviour.
你必须承担你的行为所引起的全部后果。
②If you behave so foolishly, you must be ready to take the consequences.
如果你这样愚昧下去，你必须准备自食其果。【知识运用】
(1)He twisted his ankle in skiing, with the________that he was unable to take his exams.
A．consequence B．conclusion
C．inference D．condition
答案：A 本题题意：他滑雪时扭伤了脚踝，结果他无法参加考试。consequence表示“结果；后果”。(2)________a consequence of being in hospital, Shelly decided that she wanted to become a nurse.
A．In B．As C．On D．For
答案：B 本题题意：由于在医院的缘故，谢莉决定当一名护士。as a consequence of| in consequence of 表示“由于；作为…的结果”。7．state
1)n.
(1)[C] 状态；状况；情况
Everything was in a state of disorder.
一切都处于紊乱状态。
(2)[C] 国家， 政府
We must pay taxes to the State.
我们必须向国家纳税。
(3)[C] 州； 邦
In America, the law varies from state to state.
美国各州的法律都不同。2)v. 陈述；说明；声明
①He stated his problem clearly.
他把问题叙述得很清楚。
②He stated that he had never seen the accused man.
他说他从未见过被告。
③It is stated that the fire started in a cottage.
据说火是从一间小屋里烧起来的。
④Please state exactly what you did.
请准确地说明你都干了些什么。 ⑤They stated themselves to be members of a secret society.
他们宣称自己是一个秘密社团中的成员。
⑥They stated the diamond to have been stolen.
他们宣称钻石已被偷了。
【词语辨析】
state, condition, situation
这三个词都含有“情况”的意思。
1)state强调“人、事物以及围绕人、事物的原有状态”，但不着重于“这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系”。
He is in a good state.
他身体健康。2)condition指“由于一定的原因、条件或环境所产生的特定情况”。强调原因、环境以及人、事物的关联。
His condition will not permit him to travel.
他的情况不允许他旅游。
3)situation指“多种具体情况造成的综合状态”， 常着重“这种状态的影响或和处于该状态的事物的关系”。
We are in difficult situation.
我们处于困境。【知识运用】
(1)The house was in a poor________of repair when we bought it.
A．state B．condition
C．situation D．position
答案：A 本题题意；我们买来的时候，这房子失修已久了。be in a good/bad state of repair表示“处于良好/糟糕的保养状况”。(2)(2008湖北－22) The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________.
A．atmosphere B．state
C．situation D．phenomenon
答案：A 本题题意：这两个国家的最高领导人正在友好的气氛下举行会谈。in a friendly atmosphere表示“在友好的气氛(或氛围)中”。8．range
1)v.
(1)～from A to B|range between A and B (在一定范围内)变化；变动
The temperature ranges between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade.
温度在摄氏三十度与四十度之间。
(2)～(from A to B)(从……到……)之间的各类事物
She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。(3)(按一定位置或顺序)排列；排序
The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.
卡片以字母顺序排列。
(4)徘徊；漫步；四处移动
We ranged the woods looking for a place to set up our tents.
我们在树林里东走西跑， 找个地方搭帐篷。2)n.
(1)[C, usually sing.]～(of sth) 一系列
The area offers a wide range of activities for the tourist.
该地区为游客提供各种各样的活动。
(2)(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区域
Several cars are available within this price range.
在这个价格范围内， 有好几种汽车可供选购。
(3)[C] (产品)类，种
For more information about our product range, call your local branch.
如想得到更多关于我们产品种类的信息，请致电当地分店。(4)[C & U] 视觉(或听觉)的范围
The child was now out of her range of vision.
这孩子已经走出了她的视线。
(5)[C& U] 射程；射击距离
These rockets have a range of 30 to 40 miles.
这些火箭射程为30～40英里不等。
(6)山脉
The two countries are separated by a range of mountains.
这两个国家被一条山脉隔开。【知识拓展】
1)beyond range(of sth)超出范围
This car is beyond the range of most people's pockets.
这种车大多数人买不起。
2)in/within range(of sth)在可及的范围内；在视觉(或听觉)范围内
Are we within range of the local transmitter?
我们在本地发射机的有效范围之内吗？ 3)out of range(of sth)超出……的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围之外
The cat stayed well out of range of the children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。
【知识运用】
(1)(2010湖北－21) This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area
C. range D. circle
答案：C 本题题意：这家餐厅越来越出名，因为它为各类人群提供了多元化的食物。a wide range of表示“各式各样的”。(2)Harry stayed up against the wall, out of________of the security guards.
A．range B．section
C．version D．knock
答案：A 本题题意：哈里紧贴着墙，不让警卫看到。range表示“视觉(或听觉)的范围”。9．glance
1)v.
(1)瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视
She glanced shyly at him and then lowered her eyes.
她羞怯地偷看了他一下， 随即垂下眼帘。
(2)～at/down/over/through sth 浏览；粗略地看
The Personnel Manager glanced down the list of names of the applicants.
人事部经理浏览了一下申请人名单。2)(n.)～(at sb/sth) 匆匆一看；一瞥；扫视
①Have you got time for a glance at this report?
你有没有时间浏览一下这份报告？
②She walked off without a glance in my direction.
她扬长而去， 都不朝我这儿看一眼。【知识拓展】
(1)at a (single) glance 立刻；一眼；(只)看一眼
She saw at a glance what had happened.
她一眼就看出发生了什么事。
(2)at first glance乍一看；乍看之下
At first glance the problem seemed easy.
乍一看，问题似乎很简单。【词语辨析】
glance, glare, stare, gaze
这些动词都有“看；瞧”之意。
1)glance指匆匆地或粗略地一看，侧重心不在焉地、匆忙地看一眼。
He glanced at his watch and then looked at the sky.
他看了看手表，然后又看了看天空。
2)glare指用愤恨、凶狠或含敌意的眼光死死看着某人。
They stood there, glaring at each other.
他们站在那，互相怒视着对方。3)stare侧重因惊奇、好奇、粗鲁无礼等而睁大眼睛看，含有“惊奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。
He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.
他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。
4)gaze指出于羡慕、感兴趣、关心或惊异而长时间目不转睛地看。含有“惊叹”；“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。
The child gazed at the toys in the shop window.
孩子眼睛盯着商店橱窗里的玩具。【知识运用】
采用glance, glare, stare或gaze的适当形式填空：
①The child________the stranger up and down.
②She looked at him with an angry________.
③He________at the envelope and recognized his uncle's handwriting.
④She turned to________admiringly at her husband.
⑤I________through your personnel file last night.
⑥I looked at her and she________angrily back.
⑦She________along the road to see if he was coming.
⑧She was________into the distance/into space.⑨The climbers stood on the top of the mountain，________at the splendid view.
⑩He had to wear sunglasses because of the________of the sun.
答案：
①stared 译文：那孩子上下打量着这个陌生人。
②glare 译文：她生气地瞪着他。
③glanced 译文：他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。
④gaze 译文：她转过身来赞赏地凝视她的丈夫。
⑤glanced 译文：昨晚我粗略地看了一下你的人事档案。
⑥glared 译文：我看着她，她生气地回瞪了我一眼。
⑦glanced 译文：她沿路扫视着，看他是否要来了。⑧staring 译文：她凝视着远方。
⑨gazing 译文：登山队员们站在山顶， 凝视壮丽的景色。
⑩glare 译文：因为阳光耀眼，他只好戴墨镜。
10．steady (adj.)
1)(发展、增长等)稳步的；持续的；匀速的
We are making slow but steady progress.
我们虽然是缓慢但是在稳步前进。
2)稳定的；恒定的
Have you got a steady boy-friend?
你有关系固定的男朋友吗？3)稳的；平稳的；稳固的
Though over eighty, he is still very steady on his legs.
虽然年过八十，他的脚步还是很稳。
4)沉稳的；可靠的
Mr. Smith is a solid, steady young man.
史密斯是一个坚定踏实的年轻人。
【知识运用】
(1)She was trembling with excitement but her voice was________.
A．peaceful B．steady
C．still D．silent
答案：B 本题题意：她激动得发抖， 但声音却很平稳。steady表示“稳的；平稳的；不摇晃的；受控制的”，表示“声音平稳”，也可以采用形容词calm. 例如：Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice. 虽然她害怕， 但还是用平静的声音回答。(2)Share prices have held________over the last few days.
A．calm B．steady
C．still D．silent
答案：B 本题题意：股价过去几天来一直保持稳定。hold/remain steady表示“保持稳定”。11．tendency (n.)
1)[C]～(for sb/sth)(to do sth)|～(to/towards sth) 倾向；偏好；性情
①He has a tendency to forget things.
他有忘事的倾向。
②There's a growing tendency for women to marry later.
女性越来越倾向于晚婚。2)[C]～(for sb/sth)(to do sth)|～(to/towards sth) 趋势；倾向
①Prices continue to show an upward tendency.
物价呈继续上升的趋势。
②There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.
雇主雇佣临时职员有增加的趋势。【知识运用】
(1)He had a________to shrink up whenever attention was focused on him.
A．advantage B．tendency
C．motivation D．excitement
答案：B 本题题意：当别人注意他时，他就会退缩一旁。have a tendency to/towards表示“有……的倾向”。(2)The________on the part of the children is to blame their parents for everything.
A．tendency B．drift
C．attitude D．behaviour
答案：A 本题题意：子女一方的倾向，就是所有事情都责怪父母。tendency on the part of 表示“……表现出的倾向”。
1．heat up
1)变热；变暖
①The big room will not heat up easily.
这间大房间不容易变暖。
②The iron heats up under the sun.
铁在阳光照射下温度会升高。2)使变热；使变暖
①I wanted my bath heated up a little more.
我要洗澡水再加热一点。
②Would you go into the kitchen and heat up some coffee?
请去厨房热些咖啡好吗？
3)沸腾， 使变得激烈
①The hall will soon heat up once the crowd arrive.
随着人群的到来大厅很快就沸腾起来。
②The election campaign heated up in that state.
该州竞选运动激烈起来了。【知识运用】
(1)The room was rather cold when we arrived, but soon began to________.
A．take up B．turn up
C．heat up D．stay up
答案：C 本题题意：我们到达时屋里很冷，但很快就热起来了。heat up表示“变热；变暖”。(2)You'd better________the tomato soup up.
A．warm B．heat
C．hot D．iron
答案：B 本题题意：你最好把番茄汤热一下。 heat up表示“使变热；使变暖(即：加/煮热…)”。2．come about (that...) 发生
①How did it come about that the man is dismissed?
那个人被解雇了，怎么回事？
②The argument came about because they were talking about politics.
争论是因为他们谈论到政治而引起的。【词语辨析】
come about, take place, happen, occur, break out
这些词语都可表示“发生”之意。
1)come about (that) 中性词语， 既可以用于表达正面事物的发生，又可用于表达负面事物的发生。
How did it come about that he knew where we were?
他是怎样知道我们在什么地方的呢？
2)take place按照事先的安排或计划而发生某事。
The evening party will take place on New Year's Eve.
晚会将在除夕那天举行。3)happen普通用词，泛指一切客观事物或情况的发生，强调动作的偶然性。
A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday.
昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。
4)occur较正式用词，可指意外地发生，也可指意料中的发生。
That plane crash occurred only minutes after take-off.
空难在起飞几分钟后就发生了。5)break out 仅用于负面事物；表示战争、火灾、疾病，地震等猛地爆发、突然发生。
It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighborhood.
昨天快半夜了这儿附近发生了火灾。
【知识运用】
(1)(2006湖北－25) It's already 10 o'clock. I wonder how it________that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A．came over B．came out
C．came about D．came up
答案：C 本题题意：已经10点了。我想知道为什么在这样的一次短途旅行中她竟然晚了两个小时。come about (that) 表示“发生”。(2)(2006广东－25) I was still sleeping when the fire________， and then it spread quickly.
A．broke out B．put out
C．came out D．got out
答案：A 本题题意：火灾发生时，我正在睡觉；后来火灾迅速蔓延开来。break out表示“(战争、火灾、疾病，地震等)猛地爆发、突然发生”。(3)Please tell me how the accident________. I am still in the dark.
A．came by B．came upon
C．came to D．came about
答案：D 本题题意：请告诉我车祸是如何发生的，我还不大明白。come about (that)表示“发生；产生”。3．go up
1)(价格、温度等)上涨，上升
Prices of fruit and vegetables have already gone up.
水果和蔬菜的价格已经上涨了。
2)升起
Many people came to watch the balloon go up.
许多人来看汽球升空。
3)被兴建；被建造
Supermarkets are going up everywhere.
到处都建起了超级市场。【知识拓展】
1)go against
(1)对某人不利；不利于某人
I am afraid the case will go against you.
我担心这案件对你不利。
(2)反抗(或反对)某人(或某事)；与……相背
I don't know why everything seems to go against me.
我弄不懂为什么事事都好像在跟我作对。
(3)违反；与…不符(或相反)
What you have done goes against your parents' wishes.
你所做的事与你父母的愿望相反。2)go ahead
(1)走在前面；先走
You go ahead and I am coming.
你先走一步，我就来。
(2)发生；进行
They are going ahead rapidly in their capital construction in the city.
他们城市的基本建设进展很快。3)go ahead (with sth) (尤指经某人允许，或有人表示怀疑或反对后)开始做；着手做
(1)—May I ask you a question?
—Yes，go ahead.
“我可以问你一个问题吗？”“可以，问吧！”
(2)The teacher told the students not to write on the paper yet, but John went ahead and wrote his name.
老师还没叫学生在纸上写，约翰就已开始写了他的名字。4)go beyond 超过(或超出)某事物
(1)All the people present were wild with joy, for the results of the experiment went beyond their expectation.
所有在场的人都高兴得发狂，因为实验结果好得出乎意料。
(2)The control of the children is going beyond my power.
要我管住这些孩子实在是无能为力。5)go by
(1)(时间)逝去；过去
This event will be forgotten as time goes by.
随着时间的推移，此事将被遗忘。
(2)遵循(或依照)某事物；以某事物来判断
If you ride a bicycle, you must go by the traffic rules.
你如果骑车，就必须遵守交通规则。
(3)走过
You've missed the bus; it just went by.
你错过了这趟公共汽车，它刚开走。(4)(机会等)轻易地放过
Don't let this opportunity go by.
不要错过这个机会。
6)go in for
(1)参加考试(或竞赛)
I am going in for an entrance examination next year.
我明年参加入学考试。
(2)对某事物有兴趣；爱好
I don't go in for loud popular music.
我不喜欢喧闹的流行音乐。7)go on
(1)(灯)亮；通(电)；开始运行
What time do the illuminations go on tonight?
今晚彩灯何时开亮？
(2)(时间)流逝；过去
As the months went on, he became impatient.
一个又一个月过去，他逐渐变得不耐烦了。
(3)(情况、形势)继续下去，发生
If he goes on like this he'll lose his job.
如果他继续这样下去，他会丢掉差事的。(4)发生
What's going on here?
这儿发生什么事啦？
(5)(短暂停顿后)继续说
She hesitated for a moment and then went on.
她犹豫了一会儿，然后继续往下说。
(6)～(with sth) (尤指停顿或中断之后)继续做(某事)
We'll stop here for today and go on with the text next time.
今天我们就讲到这儿，下次接着讲课文。(7)～doing sth 不停地做某事；接着做没做完的事
I asked Jane a question but she went on reading and didn't answer.
我问简一个问题，但她继续看书不回答。
(8)～to do sth (完成某事后)接着做另一事
After he had given an account of the difficulties, he went on to suggest ways of overcoming them.
他先说明困难，接着建议如何克服这些困难。 8)go through
(1)(法律、合同等正式)通过、接受、达成
The law has now gone through.
这项法律已获通过。
(2)仔细察看某事物；检查某事物；审查某事物
We must go through the account books together; there's still some money missing.
我们必须检查所有账簿，因为还有部分款项无着落。
(3)(尤指反复地)仔细研究，仔细琢磨
Let's go through the details of the examination.
让我们详细讨论一下有关考试的具体问题吧。(4)经历；遭受
You will never know what she went through to educate her children.
你永远也不会知道她为了教育孩子，吃了多少苦。
(5)穿过
The rain has gone through my overcoat.
雨水渗透了我的大衣。9)go without 没有……而勉强应付；没有……也行
①There's no money for a holiday this year; we'll just have to go without.
今年没钱去度假了，我们只能将就着不度假了。
②He went without food for three days.
他一连3天没吃东西。【知识运用】
(1)(2009四川－1)—May I open the window to let in some fresh air?
—________
A．Come on B．Take care
C．Go ahead! D．Hold on!
答案：C 本题题意：“我可以打开窗子放点清新空气进来吗？”“行。”go ahead (with sth)表示“(尤指经某人允许，或有人表示怀疑或反对后)开始做，着手做”。(2)(2007江苏－34)—Do you think that housing price will keep________in the years to come?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A．lifting up B．going up
C．bringing up D．growing up
答案：B 本题题意：“你认为房价在近年会继续上涨吗？” “抱歉，我不知道。” go up表示“(价格、温度等)上涨，上升”。(3)采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①I'd like to go________for a more advanced examination if I can.
②It goes________my nature to get up early in the morning.
③If there's no sugar you will have to go________； it won't do you any harm anyway.
④They went________many hardships during the war.
⑤It's no use going________the customs of a country that you are visiting.⑥You go________and tell them that we will be there shortly.
⑦That's going________a joke.
⑧Three years have gone________since we came to this university.
⑨Father said mother had gone to the hospital, and went________to say that Grandmother was coming to take care of us.
⑩This article is bound to go________in price.
答案：
①in 译文：如果有可能的话，我还想通过更高层次的考试。
②against 译文：我生性不习惯早起。
③without 译文：假如没有糖，你就对付一下，无论如何这对你毫无害处。
④through 译文：他们在战争年代里历尽千辛万苦。
⑤against 译文：反对你所访问国家的风俗习惯是没有用处的。
⑥ahead 译文：你先走一步，告诉他们我们随后就到。⑦beyond 译文：那样开玩笑未免太过火了。
⑧by 译文：我们进这所大学已3年了。
⑨on 译文：父亲说母亲住院了，接着他又说祖母将来照料我们。
⑩up 译文：这种物品肯定会涨价的。
4．build up
1)增高；加强
He tried to build up his strength.
他试图增进体质。
2)建立；开发
He has built up his reputation.
他使自己逐渐出了名。
3)增强……的体质；使更加强壮
You need more protein to build you up.
你得多吃蛋白质才能增强体质。【知识运用】
(1)(2009浙江－16)Practising Chinese kung fu can not only________one's strength, but also develop one's character.
A．bring up B．take up
C．build up D．pull up
答案：C 本题题意：练习中国功夫不仅能增进体质，而且还能培养一个人的高尚品质。build up表示“增进；加强”。(2)He has________a remarkable physique by following these exercises.
A．put up B．taken up
C．built up D．showed up
答案：C 本题题意：他通过这些锻炼练出了非常健康的体格。build up表示“增高；加强”。5．keep on
1)继续
He kept on talking.
他讲个不停。
2)继续雇用(某人)
He kept Bob on as a manager.
他继续留用鲍勃当经理。【知识运用】
(1)I'm glad you began at once, and hope you will______.
A．keep up B．keep on
C．keep off D．keep out
答案：B 本题题意：你们立刻开始行动了，我真高兴。希望你们能持之以恒。keep on表示“继续”。(2)采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①Every home and office needs the latest electronic equipment to keep________with the times.
②Their spirits kept________well in spite of hardships.
③Urgent business kept me________attending the meeting.
④Keep the child________from the water's edge.
⑤Whatever your argument, I shall keep________my decision.
⑥The doctor recommended that the exact nature of the woman's illness should be kept________from her.⑦The children have been warned to keep________the fields while the crops are growing.
⑧If this storm keeps________，the crops will be destroyed.
⑨The number of deaths might be much smaller if we taught little children how to keep________danger.
⑩Turn left at the corner and keep________as far as the church.
答案：
①up 译文：每个家庭和办公室都需要最新的电子设备以赶上时代的步伐。
②up 译文：虽然很艰苦，但他们精神很饱满。
③from 译文：我因为有急事，所以没有参加会议。
④away 译文：不要让孩子靠近河边。
⑤to 译文：不管你怎么争辩，我都将坚持我自己的决定。
⑥back 译文：医生建议不要让那个妇女知道她所患疾病的确切性质。⑦out of 译文：已经告诫孩子们不要在庄稼生长的时候走进庄稼地。
⑧up 译文：这场风暴要是持续不停，庄稼就要被毁了。
⑨out of 译文：如果我们教育小孩怎样避免危险的话，死亡的数目可能会减少很多。
⑩on 译文：到街角向左拐， 一直向前走到教堂。
1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。【知识剖析】
There is no/little/some doubt that...表示“毫无疑问；无疑”后接两个that引导的同位语从句。在第二个that分句中含有强调句型It is...that...。注意：当doubt前有否定词修饰时，其后常接that引导的同位语从句；当doubt前无否定词修饰时，其后常接whether引导的同位语从句。此外，There is doubt后也可以接介词about/as to引导的短语。例如：①There is no doubt that we will succeed in designing the project.
毫无疑问，我们能把这项工程设计出来。
②In many Japanese industries there is no doubt about the high quality of management.
日本的许多工业部门无疑具有较高的管理水平。
③There is no doubt as to whom will be elected.
谁会当选，是毫无疑问的。④There is some doubt (as to/about) whether Peter will come on time.
彼得是否会按时来还是个问题。
⑤There is little doubt that he will succeed.
他肯定会成功。
【知识运用】
(1)Some researchers believe that there is no doubt________a cure for AIDS will be found.
A．which B．that
C．what D．whether
答案：B 本题题意： 部分研究人员认为，艾滋病的治疗方法毫无疑问会被人类发现。There is no doubt that...为固定结构，表示“对……没有怀疑，疑虑”。(2)I don't doubt________Jane will continue to work here.
A．if B．whether
C．that D．which
答案：C 本题题意：简明年会继续在这儿工作，这事儿肯定无疑。doubt用作动词，在否定句和疑问句中，后接that引导的宾语从句。(3)There is surely some________as to whether it is true or not.
A．doubt B．wonder
C．problem D．matter
答案：A 本题题意：是真是假还有疑问。本题考查There is some doubt that...句式的用法。2．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。【知识剖析】
even if/though 表示“即使；纵使”，引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter whether. 例如：
①They couldn't, even if they would, get out of trouble by themselves.
即使他们想(摆脱)，也无法独立摆脱困难。
②Even if I fail this time, I would try again.
即使我这次失败了，我还要再试试。
③We should practice economy even if we are rich.
即使我们富裕了也仍应该厉行节约。【知识拓展1】
even if 和even though两者之间略有差异。even though引导的句子所说的是事实，有退一步设想的意思；多用于书面语。even if引导的句子所说的不肯定，含有强烈的假设性。例如：
①Even if he is poor, she loves him.
即使他很穷，她还是爱他。(他贫困与否不一定)。
②Even though he is poor, she loves him.
尽管他很穷，她还是爱他。③He will not let out the secret even if he knows it.
纵使他知道这个秘密，他也不肯说出来。(他对秘密知道与否不一定)
④He will not let out the secret even though he knows it.
他虽然知道这个秘密，却不肯说出来。
【知识拓展2】
1)even so 尽管如此；即使这样
There are a lot of spelling mistakes; Even so, it's quite a good essay.
尽管有许多拼写错误，它仍不失为一篇佳作。
2)even when 即使当……的时候
She was always optimistic, even when things were at their worst.
她即使在最糟糕的时候也总是非常乐观。3)even now/then 甚至到现在(或那样)；即使是这样(或那样)；尽管如此(或那样)
I've shown him the photographs but even now he won't believe me.
我把照片给他看了，即便是这样他仍然不相信我。
【知识运用】
(1)(2010安徽－29) The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, ________ they have the interest.
A. wherever B. whenever
C. even if D. as if
答案：C 本题题意：工程师们都忙得没有时间进行户外体育活动了， 即使他们感兴趣。even if引导让步状语从句。(2)(2007浙江－ 8)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ________they knew it to be valuable.
A．as if B．now that
C．even though D．so that
答案：C 本题题意：他们中的许多人对他的建议充耳不闻，即使他们知道这建议是有价值的。even though/if引导让步状语从句，表示“即使；纵然；虽然”。(3)Allow children the space to voice their opinions，________they are different from your own.
A．until B．even if
C．unless D．as though
答案：B 本题题意：给予孩子空间，让他们发表自己的看法，即使他们的观点与你的观点不同。even if/even though引导让步状语从句。(4)Your uncle seems to be a good driver；______， I wouldn't dare to travel in his car.
A．even so B．even though
C．therefore D．so
答案：A 本题题意：你叔叔看起来是位好司机。虽然如此，我不敢乘坐他的车。even so 表示“尽管如此；即使这样”。 (5)A guide knows that you will require a hotel room when you travel to another city，________you don't ask explicitly.
A．even so B．even if
C．even then D．even when
答案：D 本题题意：当你在另一个城市旅行，甚至在你并没有明确要求时，导游就知道你需要一个旅馆房间。even when 表示“即使当……的时候”。课件42张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．The ________ (平均的)age of the boys here is ten.
2．She has a ________ (倾向) to make over her ideas to match his.
3．Has anybody ever seen any beings from ________ (外部的) space?
4．The result is the ________ (存在) of a gap between expectations and realities.
5．Systems which may find ________ (普遍的)use in the future are also discussed.答案：1.average 2.tendency 3.outer 4.existence 5.widespread
Ⅱ.短语
1．重视，强调________
2．有做某事的倾向________
3．产生；成立________
4．平均________
5．大体上；基本上________
答案：1.put/place emphasis on 2.have a tendency to do sth. 3.come into existence 4.on the/an average 5.on the whole
average
1)adj.
(1)平均的
The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.
这个班级中男生的平均年龄为十五岁。
(2)典型的；正常的
40 hours is a fairly average working week for most people.
对大多数人来说，一周工作40小时是相当正常的。(3)普通的；平常的；一般的
It was an average piece of work.
那是一件普通的产品。
2)n. [C&U]
(1)平均数
The average of 4, 6 and 8 is 6.
4,6,8的平均数是6。
(2)平均水平；一般水准
The amount of snow this year has been below average.
今年的降雪量低于平均水平。【知识拓展】
on(the/an)average 平均； 一般而言
①We made a loss today, but on average we make a profit.
今天结算亏损，但是平均起来，我们还是赚钱。
②He is weak at English, but on average his marks are not bad.
他的英语虽差，但平均成绩不差。【词语辨析】
average, regular, normal, ordinary, natural
1)average通常用来形容优劣难分的平庸或折衷情况，也指理论上的平均标准。
The average temperature in Oxford last month was 18C.
牛津上月的平均气温是18C.
2)regular指已有模式、有规律或定期的。
I wish my working hours were more regular.
我的工作时间能更正常一些就好了。3)normal指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。
The doctor said the child's temperature was normal.
医生说孩子体温正常。
4)ordinary强调一般性和普通性，含不突出的意味。
On ordinary days I get up at eight o'clock, but on my birthday I was up early.
平时我八点起床，但是我在生日那天起得早。
5)natural侧重某人或某物的行为符合其固有特性。
It is natural that such a hardworking student should pass the exam.
这么用功的学生考试及格是很自然的事。【知识运用】
(1)(2010江西－35) Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ________ of 40,000 per year.
A. average B. number
C. amount D. quantity
答案：A 本题题意：持有驾驶执照的毕业生，去年的数量达到了20万，年均4万。average表示“平均数”。例如：They went to the theatre on an average of 10.3 times a year. 他们平均每年去剧院10.3次。(2)(2007天津－9) A new________bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.
A．normal B．usual
C．regular D．common
答案：C 本题题意：定时发往天津机场的新的公交班车两个月前开始为公众服务了。regular表示“定时的；规则的；有规律的；间隙均匀的”。(3)采用average, regular, normal, ordinary或natural填空：
①The novel describes the way of life of the________people there.
②It is________to laugh when you are happy.
③After a week of festivities, life returned to______.
④There was nothing special about the meal; it was________.
⑤Her breathing became deeper, more________.答案：
① ordinary 译文：这部小说描写那里的普通人的生活方式。
② natural 译文：高兴时笑是正常的。
③ normal 译文：一星期的欢庆之后，生活又恢复常态。
④ average 译文：饭菜没什么特别， 挺平常的。
⑤ regular 译文：她的呼吸越来越深，越来越均匀。
on the whole 总的说来；大体上；基本上
①On the whole, children begin walking when they are about one year old.
一般来说，小孩1岁左右开始走路。
②On the whole，our stay there was quite enjoyable.
总的说来，我们待在那里是很开心的。【知识拓展】
1)as a whole
(1)作为一个整体
Is the collection going to be divided up or sold as a whole?
这批收藏品是零卖还是一起卖？
(2)总体上
There are some areas of poverty, but the country as a whole is fairly prosperous.
这个国家有些地区比较贫困， 但总的来说是相当富裕的。2)in general
①通常；大体上
In general, Alexander was a peaceful, loving man.
总的来说，亚历山大是个平和的、有爱心的人。
②总的说来；从总体上看
In general, your suggestion is good.
你的建议总的来说是好的。【知识运用】
(1)A healthy economy is in the best interests of society________.
A．as a result B．after all
C．in reality D．as a whole
答案：D 本题题意：健康发展的经济总的来说对社会最有利。as a whole表示“总体上”。(2)________we're happy living here，but it is a long way away from my parent' home.
A．On the whole B．As a whole
C．In general D．In brief
答案：A 本题题意：总的说来，我们住在这儿很愉快，但就是离我父母家太远了。on the whole表示“总的说来；大体上；基本上”。in brief“简而言之；简单地说”。it的用法(2)
1．强调句型
1)强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。①It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons.
玩电脑游戏用掉了这个孩子本来应该花在功课上的许多时间。
②It is during his spare time that Tom has been studying the situation for several months.
几个月以来，汤姆一直利用自己的空闲时间研究局势。
2)that/who后的动词的人称和数的变化要与前面的名词或代词一致。
①It was I who/that was to blame.
该受责备的人是我。
②It was only I who am willing to go to the film.
愿意去看电影的人只有我。
3)强调句型的疑问形式。
①Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
②Is it Mr. Li who guided the company through the difficulties.
是王先生带领公司渡过难关的吗？4)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式。
①Where is it that you are going for your holidays?
你打算到哪儿去度假？
②How was it that you climb to the top of that building?
你是如何爬上楼顶的？5)强调句型中的特殊形式： It is not until...that...；It is because...that...
①It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework.
直到走进教室，他才意识到忘了做作业。
②It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.
是因为她妈妈病了她才没有去上班。
6)在强调句型中，作主语的关系代词who/that可以省略。
①It is he(that/who)worked out the maths problem.
是他算出了这道数学题。
②It is I(that/who)am teaching them the English song.
是我在教唱这首英语歌曲。 2．it指时间时可以用于以下句型：
1)It＋be＋时间段＋since...
It is five years since he left here.
他离开这儿已有五年了。
2)It＋be＋时间段＋before...
It wasn't long before I had my first bite.
没一会儿我就第一次等到了鱼来咬饵。
3)It is time for sth/for sb to do sth/that...
It's time for bed.
该睡觉了。语法专练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．(2009江西－27) It was________he came bank from Africa that year________he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when; then B．not; until
C．not until; that D．only; when
答案：C 本题题意：直到那一年他从非洲回来，他才遇到了一位他想与之结婚的女孩。本题考查强调句型的用法。强调句型强调了not until句式。2．(2009浙江－4) —I've read another book this week.
—Well, maybe________is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A．this B．that
C．there D．it
答案：D 本题题意：“本周我又读了一本书。”“你读了多少并不重要，重要的是你读了些什么。”本题考查强调句型的用法。强调句型强调了not...but...句式。3．(2008全国2－20) It was in New Zealand________Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
A．that B．how
C．which D．when
答案：A 本题题意：正是在新西兰，伊丽莎白第一次与史密斯先生相遇。本题考查强调句型的用法，强调了地点状语in New Zealand.4．(2008天津－8) It was along the Mississippi River________Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A．how B．which
C．that D．where
答案：C 本题题意：马克·吐温的童年时光大多数是在密西西比河沿岸度过的。本题考查强调句型的用法，强调了地点状语along the Mississippi River.5．(2008重庆－22)It was not until midnight________they reached the camp site.
A．that B．when
C．while D．as
答案：A 本题题意：直到午夜他们才到达营地。本题考查强调句型强调not until句式——It is/was not until...that...；注意下列句式转换：①They didn't reach the camp site until midnight. ②Not until midnight did they reach the camp site.6．(2007山东－30)—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm________we worked.
A．that B．there
C．which D．where
答案：D 本题题意：“你在哪里认识了她？” “在我们工作的农场”。本句考查强调句型，但题干中所给的句子是一个不完整的句子，其补充形式为：It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her. 所填的where用来引导定语从句，修饰先行词farm，同属于被强调部分。 7．(2007江西－34) I don't mind her criticizing me, but________is how she does it that I object to.
A．it B．that C．this D．which
答案：A 本题题意：我并不介意她的批评，但是我反对她的批评方式。本题考查强调句型的用法。强调句型强调了短语动词obeject to的宾语how she does it.8．(2007浙江－10) It________we had stayed together for a couple of weeks________I found we had a lot in common.
A．was until; when B．was until; that
C．wasn't until; when D．wasn't until; that
答案：D 本题题意：我们在一起待了两三周之后，我才发现我们有许多共同之处。本题考查强调句型的用法，强调句型强调了not until句型，其原句为：I didn't find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks. 还可以表达为：Not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks did I find we had a lot in common.9．(2007重庆－27) It is not who is right but what is right________is of importance.
A．which B．it
C．that D．this
答案：C 本题题意：重要的是：不是谁正确而是什么是正确的。本题考查强调句型，强调了not...but...句式。10．(2007上海春－32) It is imagination______makes the world colourful, full of vigour and vitality.
A．where B．what
C．that D．when
答案：B 本题题意：想象使整个世界丰富多彩，充满生机和活力。本题考查了强调句型，被强调部分为句子的主语imagination.11．(2007浙江－16)—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was________？
—________was in 2000 when he was still in college.
A．that; This B．this; It
C．it; This D．that; It答案：D 本题题意：“他的第一部作品出版了。事实表明那是一本畅销书。”“那是何时发生的事？”“2000年，当时他还在上大学。”在第一空中，that指已提到过或已知的人或事物，表示“那，那个”。第二空考查“强调句型”，但句子不完整，其完整形式为：It was in 2000 when he was still in college that He got his first book published.
12．I just wonder________that makes him so excited.
A．why it does B．what he does
C．how it is D．what it is
答案：D 本题题意：我只是想知道什么事使他如此兴奋。本题考查强调句型在宾语从句中的应用。课件48张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．He has made an important c________ to this company's success.
2．On b________ of my colleagues and myself, I thank you.
3．They are preparing for the p________ of a new musical.
4．Lack of demand will slow down our economic g________.
5．There are many lights and e________ instruments on the computer console (控制板)．6．They decided to establish a(n) ________ (核的) power station.
7．Many people ________ (主张) building more hospitals.
8．A ________ (漫不经心的) newspaper reader wouldn't like articles on politics every day.
9．I looked at the map to ________ (使恢复) my memory of the road.
10．I felt I did not have to make such a ________ (承诺) to them.
答案：1.contribution 2.behalf 3.presentation 4.growth 5.electrical 6.nuclear 7.advocate 8.casual 9.refresh 10．commitmentⅡ.短语
1．和……意见不同________
2．等等________
3．在此情况下________
4．so long as ________
5．put up with ________
6．on behalf of ________
答案：1.be in disagreement with 2.and so on 3.under the circumstances 4.只要 5.忍受；容忍 6.代表……一方；作为……的代言人
1．advocate
1)(v.) 拥护；支持；提倡
①I advocate a policy of gradual reform.
我拥护逐步改革的政策。
②He advocates reforming the prison system.
他主张改良监狱制度。
③Zhang Shizhao advocated that the press law should be cancelled to protect the freedom of press.
章士钊认为，要保护新闻自由就应取消报律，新闻不立法。 2)n.
(1)～(of/for sth/sb) 拥护者；支持者；提倡者
They are advocates of free trade.
他们是自由贸易的倡导者。
(2)辩护律师；辩护人
He will be his own best advocate.
他自己就是最好的辩护人。【知识运用】
(1)I________separate classes for students to learn Chinese in different ways.
A．swear B．advocate
C．plot D．register
答案：B 本题题意：我建议我们分班授课，让不同的学生以不同的方式学习汉语。advocate表示“拥护；支持；提倡”。(2)It is________that to build a healthy and progressive culture atmosphere for students, the whole society should unite to do the work of teaching the next generation well.
A．supported B．defended
C．advocated D．demanded
答案：C 本题题意：呼吁全社会共同担负起教育下一代的任务，为青少年营造一个健康向上的文化氛围。advocate表示“拥护；支持；提倡”。2．circumstance (n.)
1)[C, usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况
In normal circumstances, I would have resigned immediately.
在正常情况下，我本会马上辞职的。
2)[pl.] 境况；境遇；(尤指)经济状况
They have been living in reduced circumstances since John lost his job.
约翰失业后，他们一直生活拮据。3)[U] 命运；客观环境
He had to leave the country through force of circumstances.
为环境所逼，他不得不离开这个国家。
【知识拓展】
1)in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此
I planned to leave the next day but under the circumstances I decided to stay another night.
我原计划第二天离开的，但在这样的情况下，我决定又住了一夜。
2)in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不
I made up my mind that under no circumstances would I agree to such a decision.
我决心在任何情况下都不同意这样的决定。【知识运用】
(1)Try to put yourself in his shoes. Would you have behaved any differently________the circumstances?
A．at B．for C．on D．in
答案：D 本题题意：你设身处地替他想想，在这种情况下，你会有什么不同的表现吗？in/under the circumstances 表示“在这种情况下；既然如此”。(2)She was determined under no________to return to Paris.
A．condition B．state
C．situation D．circumstances
答案：D 本题题意：她下了决心无论如何不回巴黎。in/under no circumstances 表示“决不；无论如何不”。
1．on behalf of sb|on one's behalf
1)代表(或代替)某人
I'm asking you on behalf of my sister.
我代表我妹妹邀请你。
2)因为某人；为了某人
He spoke on behalf of the plan.
他为这项计划辩护。
3)为帮助某人(＝in behalf of sb| in sb's behalf)
They campaigned on/in behalf of the victims of the war.
他们为这场战争的受害者发起运动。【知识拓展】
传统上in behalf of 和 on behalf of 有着不同的意思。in behalf of (＝for the benefit of; in the interest of)用于美语，表示“为了…；为了…利益”。on behalf of (＝as the agent of; on the part of) 表示“作为…的代理人；代表…”。 但这两种意思相当接近，因此经常被弄混，连一些名作家也时常混用。【知识运用】
(1)________my colleagues and myself, I thank you.
A．In return for
B．In exchange for
C．On top of
D．On behalf of
答案：D 本题题意：我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。on behalf of sb表示“代表(或代替)某人”。(2)My husband could not be here tonight, but I want to thank you on his________.
A．demand B．behalf
C．request D．condition
答案：B 本题题意：我丈夫今晚因故不能前来， 我代表他向你们致谢。on one's behalf| on behalf of sb表示“代表(或代替)某人”。2．put up with 容忍；忍受
①She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.
她再也不能忍受那家伙。
②I cannot put up with all this noise.
我无法忍受这些噪音。【知识运用】
(1)It's too delightful of you to be so nice to him, and________all his tiresome stories.
A．come up with B．keep touch with
C．keep pace with D．put up with
答案：D 本题题意：你对他那么好，那么耐心地听他的无聊故事真叫人高兴。put up with表示“容忍；忍受”。(2)No longer able to________my toothache, I went to consult a dentist.
A．get into trouble B．break away
C．put up with D．fit in with
答案：C 本题题意：我再也忍受不住牙痛，于是就去请牙科医生诊治。put up with 表示“容忍；忍受”。3．turn up
1)到达；来到；露面
He said he would come, but hasn't turned up yet.
他说他会来的，但是还没有到。
2)(尤指失去后偶然)被发现
Don't worry about the letter——I'm sure it'll turn up.
别为那封信担心，我相信会找到的。
3)偶然出现；到来
He's still hoping something will turn up.
他仍然在希望会有机会出现。【知识拓展】
1)turn sth up 开大；调高(音量)
Please turn the radio up; I'd like to listen to the news.
请把收音机音量开大一些，我想听听新闻。
2)turn against sb|turn sb against sb(使)与……反目成仇，变得敌对
Why did they suddenly turn against you?
他们为什么突然转而反对你？3)turn around/round|turn sb around/round (使)翻身，转身，翻转
The bus had to back up and turn round.
那辆公共汽车不得不先往后退， 然后再掉头。
4)turn sb away(from sth) 把某人拒之门外；不准某人进入
Hundreds of people were turned away from the theatre.
数以百计的人未能获准进入剧场。
5)turn back|turn sb/sth back (使)原路返回；往回走
They walked for two hours and then turned back.
他们走了两小时后又返回来了。6)turn sb/sth down 拒绝；顶回(提议，建议或提议人)
I am afraid your request for a pay rise was turned down again.
恐怕你们要增加工资的要求又一次被拒绝了。
7)turn sth down 把……调低；关小
Please turn the radio down; I am trying to sleep.
请将收音机音量调小，我想睡觉了。
8)turn sth in 上交；呈交；提交
Our papers have to be turned in one week before the examination.
我们的论文必须在考试前一周交上去。9)turn sth on 接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开
You should light the gas as soon as it is turned on.
一扭开煤气管， 你就应该点燃煤气。
10)turn out
(1)……地发展(或发生)；结果……
Despite our worries everything turns out well.
尽管我们都很担心，结果一切都顺利。
(2)原来是；证明是；结果是
What he had said turned out false.
他的话结果证明是假的。11)turn sb/sth out 制造；生产
The school has turned out some good scholars.
该校培养出了一些优秀的学者。
12)turn sth out 关掉(等或热源)；熄灭
Remember to turn out the lights when you go to bed.
临睡前别忘了关灯。
13)turn over 翻身；翻转
The car turned over three times after the crash.
撞车后，小汽车翻了3个跟斗。14)turn sth over to sb把……移交给(他人管理)
When the company president resigned, he turned control over to his associate.
公司总裁辞职时，把管理权让给了副总裁。
15)turn to sb/sth 向……求助(或寻求指教等)
She often turns to the book for guidance.
她经常参考那本书。【知识运用】
(1)(2008全国2－ 9) —What are you reading, Tom?
—I'm not really reading, just________the pages.
A．turning off B．turning around
C．turning over D．turning up
答案：C 本题题意：“汤姆，你在读什么？”“我其实没看什么，只是翻翻书而已。”turn over表示“翻动(书页); 使翻转”。 (2)采用适当的介词或副词填空：
①He turned________his best friends.
②We have turned______four applicants already.
③All the missing documents had turned________.
④He was turned________for advice by all sorts of people.
⑤Please turn the lights________for me; it's getting dark.
⑥We've come too far; turn the car________and go back.⑦Since the original owner was now too old to hold on to his business, he turned it________to his son.
⑧We'd better turn________； it's getting dark.
⑨Don't forget to turn________your gun when you leave the army.
⑩Because the hall was full, many people were turned________.
答案：
① against 译文：他对最好的朋友也采取了敌对态度。
② down 译文：我们已拒绝了四位申请者。
③ up 译文：所有曾丢失的文件都找到了。
④ to 译文：各种各样的人都向他求教。
⑤ on 译文：天黑了，请帮我打开灯 。
⑥ round/around 译文：我们已经走了很远， 把车掉过头来往回开吧。
⑦ over 译文：原来的主人因年迈而不能继续从业，就转交给他儿子了。⑧ back 译文：我们最好还是往回走吧， 天快黑了。
⑨ in 译文：离开部队时，别忘了把枪交上来。
⑩ away 译文：由于大厅已满， 许多人被拒于门外。
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it——if not, turn it off!
在用电器设备时你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！【知识剖析】
so/as long as 表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句。例如：
①It matters little who does it so long as it is done.
只要事情做了，谁做都行。
②I don't care, so long as she let me be with her.
只要她让我和她在一起，我才不在乎呢。
③You may borrow this book, so long as you keep it clean.
这本书你只要能保持整洁，就可以借给你。【知识拓展】
条件状语从句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句(即虚拟条件句)。能引导真实条件句的连词除了so/as long as外，还有if, unless, suppose/supposing (that), providing/provided that, given(that), on condition that, only if等。例如：
①If you are tired, we will go straight home.
如果你疲倦了，我们就直接回家。
②I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.
除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加晚会的。③You can go there on condition that you don't come back late for dinner.
你可以去那儿，条件是回来吃饭不能太晚。
④Supposing that there is no pure water; what shall we drink?
假如没有纯净的水，人们喝什么？
⑤I will go providing /provided that you go too.
如果你也去，我就去。⑥Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。
⑦Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.
如果他能再一次得到机会的话，他肯定会成功的。【知识运用】
(1)(2010江西－22) —Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it? Well, that doesn't matter ________ you enjoyed yourselves.
A. as long as B. unless
C. as soon as D. though
答案：A 本题题意：“休假花了不少钱。” “是吗？嗯，那没多大关系，只要你玩得开心就行。” as long as引导条件状语从句。(2)(2010全国1－30) The little boy won't go to sleep ________ his mother tells him a story.
A. or B. unless
C. but D. whether
答案：B 本题题意：这个小男孩儿不会去睡觉，除非他妈妈给他讲故事。unless引导条件状语从句。(3)(2010山东－28) The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ________ accompanied by an adult.
A. once B. when
C. if D. unless
答案：D 本题题意：学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则学生在校期间不能外出。unless引导条件状语从句，采用了省略形式—“连词＋过去分词”结构。(4)(2010上海秋－39)________ our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.
A. Until B. Unless
C. If D. After
答案：B 本题题意：除非经理反对汤姆加入俱乐部，否则我们将接纳他为会员。unless引导条件状语从句。(5)(2010辽宁－31) I agree to his suggestion ________ the condition that he drops all charges.
A. by B. in C. on D. to
答案：C 本题题意：我同意他的提议，条件是他撤销所有的指控。on (the) condition that表示“只要；以．..为条件下”，引导条件状语从句。(6)(2009北京－22) You may use the room as you like________you clean it up afterwards.
A．so far as B．so long as
C．in case D．even if
答案：B 本题题意：你可以随便使用这个房间，只要你用过后把它打扫干净就行了。so/as long as表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句。注意：as you like表示“随你的便”。例如：Stay as long as you like.你愿停留多久皆可。(7)(2009陕西－13) My parents don't mind what job I do________I am happy.
A．even though B．as soon as
C．as long as D．as though
答案：C 本题题意：只要我快乐，我的父母并不介意我做什么工作。as/so long as表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
