课件26张PPT。
1．erupt (v.)
(1)(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
An active volcano may erupt at any time.
活火山随时可能喷发。
(2)～(into sth) 突然发生；爆发
Violence has erupted on the streets.
大街上突然发生了暴乱。
(3)～(in/into sth) 突然发出(尤指叫喊)
My neighbor erupted in anger over the noise.
噪声使我的邻居勃然大怒。【知识拓展】
eruption [C & U] 爆发
①A few days later, Vesuvius was in violent eruption.
几天以后，维苏威火山猛烈爆发了。
②Signs of dangerous social eruption, actually were few.
具有危险性的社会骚动迹象是很少的。【知识运用】
(1)No one knows when the social volcano below modern society will________.
A．crack B．break
C．erupt D．pour
答案：C 本题题意：谁也不知道埋在现代社会下的社会火山何时爆发。erupt表示“突然发生；爆发”。(2)The wisdom of Chinese people will________like a volcano.
A．break B．rush
C．pour D．erupt
答案：D 本题题意：中国人的智慧就会像火山一样释放出来。erupt表示“(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出”。2．compare (v.)
1)～A and B|～A with/to B 比较；对比
It is interesting to compare their situation and/with ours.
把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
2)～with/to sb/sth 与……类似(或相似)
This school compares with the best in the country.
这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。
3)～A to B 表明……与……相似；将……比作……
A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.
教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。 【知识拓展】
1)compare notes(with sb)(与……)交换看法(或意见等)
He is now comparing notes with his co-workers about the job.
他现在就工作问题与同事交换意见。
2)beyond/without/past compare 无与伦比；举世无双
She is lovely beyond compare.
她真是可爱得无与伦比。
3)compared to/with 与……相比(在句中担任状语)
Compared with/to our parents, we are indeed very fortunate.
与我们的父辈相比，我们确实很幸运。【词语辨析】
compare, contrast
这两个动词均含“比较”之意。
1)compare侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。
Compare this with that, and you will see which is better.
将这个与那个比较一下，你就会知道哪个比较好了。
2)contrast指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。
Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别。【知识运用】
(1)(2009重庆－ 25) Michael's new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one.
A．comparing B．compares
C．to compare D．compared
答案：D 本题题意：与旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子看起来就像一座大宫殿。compared to/with表示“与…相比，”在句中担任状语。(2)I________the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.
A．matched B．compared
C．met D．measured
答案：B 本题题意：我比较了复印件和原件，但是差别不是很大。compare表示“比较；对比”。(3)—She shouldn't have done that sort of thing.
—Whatever she did was reasonable，________to what you had done.
—Besides, it's none of your business. Get down to________your work.
A．comparing; doing B．comparing; do
C．compared; doing D．compared; do答案：C 本题题意：“她本来不应该做那类事情。”“与你的所作所为相比，她无论干什么都是合理的。”“这件事与你无关。开始工作吧。” compared to/with表示“与…相比”，在句中担任状语。此外，get down to表示“开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事”，to为介词，后接名词或动名词担任宾语。
Yet, however weak we are, we are not completely powerless.
然而，无论我们的力量有多弱小，我们却并非完全脆弱无力。【知识剖析】
however在本句中，表示“无论到什么程度，不管多么”，与形容词或副词连用，引导让步状语从句。例如：
①She leaves her bedroom window open, however cold it is.
无论天气多么冷， 她都敞着卧室的窗户。
②However long a vacation is, I always feel I want a few days more.
无论假期有多长，我总觉得想再多几天休息休息。③He will never pass the examinations, however hard he works.
无论他怎样努力，他永远无法通过考试。
④However tired you may be, you must do it today.
不管怎样累， 你也得今天做。
【知识拓展】
however的其他用法：
1)(conj.) 不管怎样；无论如何
①However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.
不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋，小孩还是不肯吃。
②Dress however you like.
你喜欢怎么穿就怎么穿。2)(adv.) 然而；不过；仍然
①I'd like to go with you; however, my hands are full.
我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。
②He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。
③However, I will do it in my own way.
可是，我将照我的方式去做。
3)(用以强调疑问词 how)(口语)到底[究竟] 如何
①However did you manage it?
这件事你究竟如何处理的？(表惊讶)
②However did you go yourself?
你一个人究竟是怎么去的？(表感动)【知识运用】
(1)(2008上海－40)________well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A．However B．Whatever
C．No matter D．Although
答案：A 本题题意：在登山运动中，无论你准备得多充分，你仍然需要大量的运气。however与形容词或副词连用，表示“无论到什么程度；不管多么”，引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how.(2)(2008辽宁－28)________hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A．Whatever B．Whenever
C．Wherever D．However
答案：D 本题题意：无论我饿得多厉害，我似乎从来没有吃完过一个大面包。however后接形容词或副词，引导让步状语从句。(3)(2006陕西－20) This is a very interesting book. I'll buy it，________.
A．how much may it cost
B．no matter how it may cost
C．however much it may cost
D．how may it cost
答案：C 本题题意：这是一本非常有趣的书。无论花多少钱，我都要买。本题考查“however＋形容词或副词”引导让步状语从句的用法。选项B可以修改为：no matter how much it may cost.(4)We have not yet won；________， we shall try again.
A．then B．instant
C．however D．but
答案：C 本题题意：我们还没有取胜， 不过我们还要再试一下。however 和but都表示转折关系；但however为连接性副词，用在句中时其前后通常都有标点符号“逗号”存在；或者是前面有分号，后面用逗号。课件86张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．________ next to or at the side of sth
2．________ to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility
3．________ a raised line of water that moves across the surface of the sea, ocean, ect.
4．________ a set of clothes made of the same fabric, including a jacket and trousers/pants or a skirt
5．________ a mountain with a large hole at the top, through which hot rocks and ash sometimes rise into the air from inside the earth6．________ all the special tools, machines, clothes etc. that you need for a particular activity
7．________ a structure from which water is sent up into the air, which is often in a small pool
8．________ complete or total
9．________ the possibility that something will develop in a certain way, or have a particular effect
10．________ real, especially as compared with what it is believed, expected or intended
答案：1.alongside 2.appoint 3.wave 4.suit 5.volcano 6．equipment 7.fountain 8.absolute 9.potential 10.actualⅡ.短语
1．share sth ________ sb 与某人分享某物
2．compared ________ 和……比起来
3．be suitable ________ 适合……
4．make one's way ________ 前往……
5．be appointed ________ 被任命为……
6．burn ________ the ground 全部焚毁
7．as ________ as 和……一样，除……以外还……
8．protect... ________ 保护……免受……
9．________ the distance 在远方
10．be enthusiastic ________ sth/sb. 对某物/人充满热情答案：1.with 2.with/to 3.for 4.to 5.as 6.to 7.well 8．from 9.in 10.about/overⅢ.语篇导读
请根据课文内容，填充表格。答案：1.alongside 2.volcano 3.database 4.predict 5.eruption 6.shaking 7.bright 8.fountained 9.crater 10.way
1．alongside(prep. & adv)
1)在……旁边；沿着……的边
①The rain ran in shallow runnels alongside the path.
雨水流进路边的小河沟里。
②The police car pulled up alongside.
那辆警车在旁边停下。
2)与……一起；与……同时
①If you stay alongside of me, you won't get hurt.
你若在我身边，就不会受伤害。
②Nick caught up with me and rode alongside.
尼克赶上了我，并排驾车行驶。【知识运用】
(1)She walked________Jack until they came to Thirty-nine street.
A．along B．alongside
C．besides D．next
答案：B 本题题意：她轻快地走在杰克身边，一直走到第三十九条街。alongside表示“在…旁边”。(2)Pulled by the jeep, he ran________for a few paces, his feet hardly touching the ground.
A．alongside B．through
C．down D．beneath
答案：A 本题题意：他被车拖着，脚不沾地地向前跑了几步。在介词用法里alongside 后可以选择性地跟 of.2．appoint (v.)
1)～sb(to sth)|～sb(as sth) 任命；委任
①We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。
②He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉姆斯作为他在约克市的代理人。2)安排，确定(时间、地点)
①They appointed a place to exchange stamps.
他们约定一个地方交换邮票。
②They appointed ten o'clock as the time for the conference.
他们将会议时间定在十时。【知识拓展】
appointment (n.)
1)[C]～(with sb) 约会；预约；约定
I have an appointment with them in the evening.
今晚我与他们有个约会。
2)[C&U]～(as/to sth) 任命；委任
The appointment of a new judge was reported in the newspaper.
报上报导了任命一位新法官的消息。【知识运用】
(1)The time________for the meeting was ten o'clock.
A．elected B．appointed
C．voted D．assigned
答案：B 本题题意：约定的开会时间是十点。appoint表示“安排，确定(时间、地点)”，过去分词短语appointed for the meeting担任后置定语，修饰名词time.(2)They appointed him________captain of the English team.
A．for B．with
C．on D．as
答案：D 本题题意：他们任命他为英格兰队队长。appoint sb as/to be...表示“任命某人为……”。3．evaluate (v.) 估值；评价；评估
①I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
我没有看到他的工作情况， 无法评论他的能力。
②We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。【词语辨析】
evaluate, estimate, value, rate
这些动词均有“估价，估计”之意。
1)evaluate指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物的市场价值。
The study will assist in evaluating the impact of recent changes.
这项研究将有助于评价近来发生的变化所产生的影响。
2)estimate通常指由个人作出的主观估价。
Can you estimate its length/how long it is?
你能估计其长度吗？3)value侧重指一般人对某物的价值或价格所作的估计。
He valued the house for me at 80000.
那所房子他给我估价80000英镑。
4)rate专指评定价值等级的高低。
She is highly rated as a novelist.
她这位小说家受到很高的评价。【知识运用】
采用evaluate, estimate, value或rate的适当形式填空：
①The gardener________that it would take him four hours to weed the garden.
②The hotel，________four star, had no hot water and no sink plugs.
③The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to________its success.
④The company has recently been________at $6 billion.答案：
①estimated 译文： 园丁估计他给花园除草需要四个小时。
②rated 译文： 这家被评为四星级的宾馆没有热水和浴缸塞子。
③evaluate 译文： 这个研究项目进行了不过三个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
④valued 译文： 那家公司最近被估价60亿元。4．wave
1)n.
(1)[C] 海浪；波浪；波涛
Huge waves were breaking on the shore.
巨浪拍打着海岸。
(2)[C] 汹涌的行动(或思想)态势；心潮；风潮
A wave of panic spread through the crowd.
一阵恐慌传遍了人群。
(3)[C] 挥臂；挥手；招手；摆手
She gave a wave as she left the house.
她离开家时挥了挥手。(4)涌现的人(或事物)；涌动的人(或物)
It was not long before their peace was disturbed by the next wave of visitors.
他们还没消停多久就又来了一批来访者。
2)v.
(1)～(at/to sb)|～sth (at sb)|～sth (about/around) 挥手；招手；摆手；挥臂
He waved(to us)when he saw us.
他看见我们时(向我们)挥了挥手。(2)挥手指引，挥手示意(方向)
She waved vaguely in the direction of the house.
她含糊地朝房子的方向挥了挥手。
(3)挥动，挥舞(手中之物)
He came out waving the document at the crowd.
他出来时向人群挥舞着文件。
(4)(一端固定地)飘扬，飘动，摇晃，起伏
The flag waved in the wind.
旗帜在风中飘扬。【知识运用】
(1)I felt so close to him and felt a________of emotion pass over me as I hugged him.
A．series B．chain
C．consequence D．wave
答案：D 本题题意：此刻，我感到心与他贴得多么近呀，拥抱他时，我感觉到情感在我身上流过。wave表示“汹涌的行动(或思想)态势；心潮；风潮”。(2)They________hats and handkerchiefs in welcome to the returning hero.
A．pulled B．threw
C．waved D．picked
答案：C 本题题意：他们挥动帽子和手帕欢迎凯旋归来的英雄。wave表示“挥动，挥舞(手中之物)”。5．absolute (adj.)
1)完全的；全部的；绝对的
His story was an absolute lie.
他的所述是十足的谎言。
2)(口语中尤用以强调)地道的；确实的；无疑的
There's absolute rubbish on television tonight.
今晚的电视节目简直糟糕透顶。
3)肯定的；确实的；无疑的
The police have absolute proof of his guilt.
警方有他犯罪的确凿证据。【知识拓展】
absolutely (adv.)
1)(强调真实无误) 绝对地；完全地
It's absolutely pouring down.
大雨真是倾盆而下。
2)(强调同意或允许)当然，对极了
—Don't you agree?
—Oh, absolutely!
“你同意吧？”“噢， 当然！”3)～not(强调不同意或不允许)当然不；绝对不行
Absolutely not! Native speakers make a lot of grammar mistakes, especially if they come from a home where nonstandard English is spoken.
当然不是！他们同样犯很多错误，尤其是来自一个说不标准英语的家庭的人。
【知识运用】
(1)The people of our various nationalities enjoy the________equality before the law.
A．total B．essential
C．absolute D．thorough
答案：C 本题题意：我国各族人民在法律面前享有绝对的平等。absolute表示“完全的；全部的；绝对的”。 (2)I think the answer's right but I'm not________sure about it.
A．exactly B．absolutely
C．particularly D．specially
答案：B 本题题意：我认为这答案是正确的， 但是没有绝对的把握。absolutely表示“(强调真实无误) 绝对地；完全地”。6．suit (v.)
1)对(某人)方便；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意
Would Friday morning suit you?
星期五早上对你合适吗？
2)(尤指服装、颜色等)相配；合身
It's too expensive and anyway the colour doesn't suit you.
这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合你。
3)(通常用于否定句)适合；适宜；有利于
This climate doesn't suit me.
这种气候对我很不相宜。【知识拓展】
1)suit sth to sth/sb 使适合(或适应)某事物(或某人)
He can suit his conversation to whoever he's with.
无论跟谁说话，他都能说到一块儿。
2)be suited (to/for sb/sth)
①合适；适宜；适当
Her speech was well suited to the occasion.
她的讲话在这个场合十分得体。
②般配的
He and his wife are well suited (to each other)．
他和妻子十分般配。【词语辨析】
suit, fit, meet, satisfy
这些动词均有“适合；满足”之意。
1)suit 常用于指“适合；中意”，多指符合需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等，尤其用来指衣着的式样与人相配。
If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.
你要是想坐公共汽车去， 那对我很方便。2)fit多用来指“大小、形状、位置等适合”，含有“吻合”的含义。
Her height fitted her for basketball.
她身材高适合打篮球。
3)meet指最低限度地达到预期的标准，或强调要达到这个标准的困难。
The firm has done its best to meet us on that point.
公司在那方面已尽了最大的努力来符合我们的要求。4)satisfy指完全达到预定的条件、要求、标准或期望、心愿等。
She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college.
她已符合进入这所学院的条件。
【知识运用】
(1)(2008天津－13) Her shoes________her dress; they look very well together.
A．suit B．fit
C．compare D．match
答案：D 本题题意：她的鞋子与衣服相匹配；整体效果非常好。match表示“与……相配；般配”。(2)—How about eight o' clock outside the cinema?
—That________me fine.
A．fits B．meets
C．satisfies D．suits
答案：D 本题题意：“八点钟，电影院外见面如何？” “正合我心意” suit表示“对(某人)方便；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意。”7．potential
1)(adj.) 潜在的；可能的
①Every seed is a potential plant.
每粒种子都可能长成植物。
②The dispute has scared away potential investors.
这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。
2)(n.)
(1)[U]～(for sth/for doing sth) 可能性；潜在性
She recognized the potential for error in the method being used.
她意识到在所采用的方法中可能出错。(2)[U] 潜力；潜质
She has acting potential, but she needs training.
她有表演潜力，但需要训练。【知识运用】
(1)These________effects must be monitored carefully.
A．buried B．likely
C．potential D．portable
答案：C 本题题意：这些潜在的影响必须仔细地加以研究。potential表示“潜在的；可能的”。(2)Does this proud and historic little state really measure up to its________？
A．comfortable B．potential
C．possibility D．opportunity
答案：B 本题题意：这个自豪而具有历史意义的小州是否有真正无愧于自己的潜力？potential表示“潜力；潜质”。8．actual (adj.)
1)真实的；实际的
①The actual cost was much higher than we had expected.
实际成本比我们预料的高得多。
②What he told us was an actual happening.
他告诉我们的是一件真实事情。2)(强调事情最重要的部分)真正的；……本身
①The wedding preparations take weeks but the actual ceremony takes less than an hour.
准备婚礼要几周，而婚礼仪式本身还不到一小时。
②It was they that were out of harmony with the actual world, not she.
和实际世界格格不入的，本是他们，不是她自己。
【词语辨析】
actual, real, true
这些形容词均有“真的，真实的，实在的”之意。
1)actual指事物的实际存在，并非出自主观臆造。
①What were his actual words?
他实际上是怎么说的？
②All actual objects are concrete.
一切实际存在的物体都是具体的。2)real暗指某事物是真实的、货真价实的或表面看不出虚假的，或指看上去或宣称与事实吻合的事物。
①This is a real experience, not a dream.
这是一次真实的经历， 并不是做梦。
②My mother showed real sympathy for my predicament.
妈妈对我所处的困难表示出真正的同情。3)true暗指与事实、现实或事物的真实状态相一致，口语中多用。
①Is it true you're getting married?
你要结婚是真的吗？
②Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.
标出下列说法是对还是错。【知识运用】
(1)(2009安徽－24)—Do you think it's a good idea to make friends with your students?
—________， I do. I think it's a great idea.
A．Really B．Obviously
C．Actually D．Generally
答案：C 本题题意：“你认为与自己的学生交朋友是个好主意吗？”“说实在地，我认为是个好主意。”actually表示“(礼貌地纠正他人)实际上，事实上”。 (2)采用actual, real或 true填空：
①The pickpocket was caught in the________commission of a crime.
②His dream will come________sooner or later.
③The TV play was based on________life.
④In the physical world, the________location of a thing is the means to finding it.
⑤Is this________leather or plastic?
⑥She is not the________owner of this house.答案：
①actual 译文：这扒手是在一次作案时被当场捉住的。
②true 译文：他的理想迟早会实现。
③real 译文：那出电视剧是根据现实生活写成的。
④actual 译文：在物理世界里，事物的实际位置意味着找到它的手段。
⑤real 译文：这是真皮的还是塑料的？
⑥true 译文：她不是这所房子的真正所有人。
1．burn to the ground烧光，烧成平地
①The building was burned to the ground.
该建筑物已全部焚毁。
②Seattle had a major fire nearly 100 years ago when most of the city was burned to the ground.
约一百年前，西雅图市发生了一场大火灾，整个城市变成废墟。【知识运用】
(1)On October 8,1871, a huge fire started near Chicago's downtown area and________four square miles to the ground before it was extinguished.
A．burned B．blazed
C．blared D．flamed
答案：A 本题题意：在1871年10月9日，芝加哥市区附近发生了一场大火，在大火被扑灭前，已经延烧将近四平方英里的范围。burn to the ground表示“烧光，烧成平地”。(2)One day their house caught fire and speedily burned________the ground, with all the splendid furniture, books, pictures, gold, silver and precious goods it contained.
A．onto B．to
C．with D．from
答案：B 本题题意：一天，他们的房子着了火，一下子连同其中所有的高级家具，书画和金银财宝全都化为乌有。burn to the ground表示“烧光，烧成平地”。2．in the distance在远处；在远方
①I could see the bus coming in the distance.
我看见公共汽车从远处开来了。
②In the distance you can see the cows quietly eating the grass.
远处，你可以看见牛在悠闲地吃草。【知识拓展】
1)at/from a distance 离一段距离； 从远处；遥远的； 久远的
The oil-painting looks better at a distance.
这幅油画远看起来更美一些。
2)be distant towards/with sb对某人冷淡
She's always very distant with Ann.
她对安妮总是很冷淡。3)keep sb at a distance 对……冷淡；同……疏远；与……保持一定的距离
She always keeps me at a distance.
她总是对我疏远。
4)keep one's distance (from sb/sth) (与．..) 保持距离； 疏远；避免(与．..)亲近；避免介入
I would keep my distance from that dog, if I were you!
我要是你， 就离那条狗远一点！【知识运用】
(1)Sadly they saw the shores of England disappear______the distance.
A．at B．in
C．within D．beyond
答案：B 本题题意：他们黯然看着英国的海岸在远处消失了。in the distance表示“在远处；在远方”。(2)________a distance she was a beauty but closing up things came apart a little.
A．From B．In
C．Within D．Beyond
答案：A 本题题意：稍微远点看，是个美人儿，只是靠近就有点走样。at/from a distance表示“离一段距离； 从远处”。(3)The railway station is at a________of two miles away from our school.
A．length B．distance
C．way D．space
答案：B 本题题意：火车站离我们学校二英里路程。at a distance of... 表示“距离……；时隔……”。例如：At a distance of decades I am staggered by our thoughtlessness in those years.事隔几十年后，回顾那些年头醉生梦死的状况，着实使我惊愕不已。3．make one's way
1)艰难地向前走
As soon as he saw us, Henry made his way through the crowd to greet us personally.
亨利一看见我们就从人群中挤过来，亲自迎接我们。
2)自力更生；自食其力
She was anxious to finish school and make her own way in the world.
她渴望早点毕业，好在社会上谋生。【知识拓展】
1)feel one's way 谨慎小心地进行
He felt his way across the room when the lights went out.
灯熄之后他摸索着走过房间。
2)fight one's way 奋斗前进；打开一条道路
We fought our way through the enemy line.
我们从敌军中杀出一条血路来。3)find one's/the way to/into 设法赶到/进入
It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.
他费了不少的劲才找到回家的路。
4)force/push/squeeze one's way 挤(出去)；冲(出去)
They forced their way through a crowd.
他们在人群中挤过去。【知识运用】
(1)Disappointed, bewildered, ashamed, he made his________slowly from the opera house and stood on the steps outside, thoughtful, his head bent.
A．road B．path
C．way D．line
答案：C 本题题意：他意气消沉，心里发慌，觉得惭愧，慢慢的走出歌剧院的场子，站在外面台阶上，低下了头思量。make one's way表示“艰难地向前走”。(2)采用动词的适当形式填空：
①Americans admire the self-made person Abraham Lincoln, who________his way to the top.
②Mr. Smith couldn't understand how the stranger________his way.
③A number of them________their way into the office of the headmaster.
④As day broke, General Zhao Yun discovered that Liu Bei's wife and son were missing. Zhao gathered 30 troops and________his way back onto the battlefield to look for Liu's wife, Madam Mi, and son, A Dou.⑤Naturally, the people of the town felt very sorry for this little boy when they saw him, completely blind，________his way along the streets with his cane.
答案：
①fought 译文：美国人崇拜亚伯拉翰·林肯，一个自食其力，奋斗前进而达到顶峰的人。
②found 译文：史密斯先生不能理解这位陌生人是如何找着路的。
③forced/pushed/squeezed 译文：他们中的一些人强行闯入校长的办公室。
④fought 译文：天亮时，赵云发现走散了糜夫人母子，急集合三十骑，又杀回乱军中寻找。
⑤feeling 译文：很自然，当镇上的居民看见这个双目完全失明、拄着手杖在街上行走的小男孩时都很为他难过。
1．The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.
而顺着山坡下流的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。【知识剖析】
far more damage 属于程度副词修饰比较级的用法。在英语中，可以用来修饰比较级的词语有：a little, a bit, much, no, still, far, by far, even, rather, a great/good deal, a lot, hardly, any, slightly, somewhat等词。此外，名词词组two years, two meters，ten times等，分数或百分数57%, two－thirds等也可以用来修饰比较级。注意：very 不能用来修饰比较级，但可以修饰形容词原级或最高级。例如：①She's much better today.
她今天好多了。
②You seem even more beautiful than usual today.
你今天好像比平时更漂亮。
③Tom is tall, but Mary is taller still/still taller.
汤姆很高， 但是玛丽更高。
④He is able to fun_ction far better than usual.
他能发挥比平常好得多的作用。
⑤She had got to know him a good deal better.
她需要进一步了解他。【知识运用】
(1)(2008全国1－28) You're driving too fast. Can you drive________？
A．more slowly a bit
B．slowly a bit more
C．a bit more slowly
D．slowly more bit
答案：C 本题题意：你开车太快了。你能稍慢一点吗？比较级前可用any, much, far, rather, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal, by far等表示程度。(2)(2007全国2－9) After two years' research, we now have a________better understanding of the disease.
A．very B．far
C．Fairly D．quite
答案：B 本题题意：经过两年的研究，我们现在对于这种疾病有了更深入的了解。本题考查far修饰比较级的用法。其余三个词通常用来修饰形容词或副词的原级。(3)(2006江苏－33)I wish you'd do________talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.
A．a bit less B．any less
C．much more D．a little more
答案：A 本题题意：我希望你少说多做，这样情况将会更好些。本题考查a bit修饰比较级的用法。根据逻辑关系，排除选项C以及选项D；any 在修饰比较级时，通常用于疑问句，否定句或if从句中，表示“少许；稍微”。例如：Don't go any closer. 别再走近。(4)(2006全国3－14)—Did you take enough money with you?
—No, I needed________I thought I would.
A．not so much as B．as much as
C．much more than D．much less than
答案：C 本题题意：我需要的钱远比我预料的数额要多。本题考查much修饰比较级的用法。2．I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.
我在熟睡中突然感到床铺在摇晃，接着我听到一阵奇怪的声音，就好像一列火车在我的窗外行驶一样。【知识剖析】
在并列句when suddenly my bed began shaking中，并列连词when表示“其时，当时，当场”。例如：
①We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.
我们在户外一直玩到太阳下山， 那时天下起雨来了。
②The Queen's last visit was in May, when she opened the new hospital.
女王上次来访是在五月份， 她那时主持了这座医院的落成典礼。③I was taking a bath when the light went out.
我正在洗澡，这时灯灭了。
④I was about to go out when it began to rain.
我正要出去，这时天下起雨来。
【知识拓展】
并列连词when常用于以下结构：
1)be about to do...when...
I was about to phone him when he walked into the room.
我正要给他打电话，他进屋了。
2)be on the point of doing sth...when...
I was on the point of going to bed when you rang.
你来电话时我正要睡觉。3)be doing...when...
I was standing there lost in thought when I was called from behind.
正当我站在那里沉思的时候，有人从背后叫我。
4)had just done...when...
He had just drifted off to sleep when the phone rang.
他刚迷迷糊糊地睡下，这时电话铃就响了。【知识运用】
(1)(2010全国2－7) Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when B. if
C. and D. till
答案：A 本题题意：汤姆正要关窗户，突然一只鸟引起了他的注意。be about to do….when…表示“刚要(正打算)…，突然……”。(2)I was on the point of going to bed________there was a knock at the door.
A．when B．as
C．while D．until
答案：A 本题题意：我正要睡觉，突然有人敲门。when表示“其时，当时，当场”，引导并列句。(3)Saturday is the day________I get my hair done.
A．when B．as
C．while D．until
答案：A 本题题意：星期六是我做头发的日子。when表示“(用于时间的表达方式之后)在那时，其时”。(4)Why bother to paint it________you can photograph it with the same effect?
A．when B．while
C．as D．although
答案：A 本题题意：既然拍照也能达到同样的效果，你干吗要费事去画它？when表示“考虑到；既然”，相当于considering that.(5)I'm saying it now________I should have told you long ago.
A．when B．while
C．as D．since
答案：A 本题题意：我早就应该告诉你了，可是我现在才说。when引导让步状语从句。注意：while也可以引导让步状语从句，但须前置。例如：While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在， 但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。课件98张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．I am very ________ (不舒服的) lying on this hard, cold floor.
2．Let me see all the official ________ (证件) concerning the sale of this land.
3．He ________ (射击) at the bird, but missed it.
4．He was ________ (未察觉的) of his mistakes.
5．A ________(小说家) creates characters and a plot.
答案：1.uncomfortable 2.documents 3.shot
4．unconscious 5.novelistⅡ.短语
1．be unconscious of ________
2．shoot at ________
3．find out ________
4．find oneself... ________
5．take...by surprise ________
答案：1.未意识到…… 2.朝……射击 3.查明，弄明白，搞清楚 4.发现自己是/在…… 5.使……吃惊；突袭
1．precious (adj.)
1)珍奇的；珍稀的
Pandas are precious creatures.
熊猫是珍贵的动物。
2)宝贵的；珍贵的
You should make good use of every precious minute to study.
你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。3)受珍爱的；受珍惜的
Grandma's letter began, “Dear Jeffrey, I am leaving you one of my most precious treasures——my memories.”
外祖母写给我的信是这样开始的，“亲爱的杰弗里，我留给你我最为珍爱的财富——我的回忆。”
4)(表示气愤)宝贝似的
She talks about nothing except her precious car!
她说话离不开她那宝贝汽车！【词语辨析】
precious, valuable
这两个形容词均含“贵重的，有价值的”之意。
1)precious指具有极大价值，无法以金钱衡量，或因本身的品质而具有极大的价值。
①I will think them as precious words.
我会把它们当成珍贵的话。
②The foundations of the city walls were decorated with every kind of precious stone.
城墙的根基是用各样宝石修饰的。2)valuable物品指有相当价值，可高价出售的；非物品指重要的或有用、有益。
①This dictionary will be very valuable to you/for studying English.
这本字典对你/学习英语将很有帮助
②The flaw in this vase makes it less valuable.
这个花瓶因为有点缺陷，不那么值钱了。【知识运用】
(1)Treasured memories live and grow more________with time. May those beautiful yesterdays help to ease today's sorrow.
A．precious B．valuable
C．expensive D．priceless
答案：A 本题题意：珍爱的记忆与时光同在且日益珍贵，愿那些美好的昨天帮助你减轻今天的悲哀。precious表示“受珍爱的；受珍惜的”。(2)They carried out criticism and self-criticism and made many________proposals.
A．precious B．valuable
C．expensive D．priceless
答案：A 本题题意：他们进行了批评和自我批评，提出了许多有价值的建议。valuable表示“很有用的； 很有价值的； 很重要的”。2．unconscious (adj.)
1)无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的
She remained unconscious for several hours.
她不省人事有好几个小时。
2)(感情、思想等) 无意识的；自然流露的
It is difficult to live with such mixed feelings, so they fade away into the unconscious mind and only return in troubled dreams.
这些混杂的情感很难让人接受，所以它们被淡忘于潜意识里，只有在扰人的梦境中才会重现。3)～of sb/sth 未察觉的；未意识到的；未注意的
They were so quiet that he was completely unconscious of their presence.
他们非常安静，他完全不知道他们在场。【知识运用】
(1)After she hit her head she was________for several minutes.
A．absent-minded B．unconscious
C．unaware D．senseless
答案：B 本题题意：她把头碰了一下后昏迷了几分钟。unconscious表示“无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的”。(2)The new worlds Freud explored were inside man himself. For the________mind is like a deep well, full of memories and feelings.
A．absent-minded B．unconscious
C．unaware D．senseless
答案：B 本题题意：弗洛伊德探索的新世界是人自身的内心世界，因为潜意识就像一口深井，装满了各种记忆和情绪。unconscious 表示“(感情、思想等) 无意识的；自然流露的”。3．shoot (v.)
1)～(sth)(at sb/sth)|～sth(from sth)开(枪或其他武器))；射击；发射
He enjoys riding, fishing and shooting.
他喜欢骑马﹑钓鱼和射击。
2)射杀；射伤
He shot the bird with his gun.
他用枪打鸟。
3)发射(子弹等)
The searchlight shot a long ray across the sky.
探照灯射出一道长长的光柱划过天空。4)～sth at sb|～sb sth 突然把……投向
They shot angry glances at her.
他们对她投以愤怒的目光。
5)拍摄；摄影
The new movie was shot in Africa.
这部新的影片是在非洲拍摄的。
6)～(at sth) 射门；投篮
He shot two goals in the game.
在比赛中，他进了两个球。【知识拓展】
shot
1)[C]～(at sb/sth) 射击；开枪(或开炮)
Two of her shots hit the centre of the target.
她有两枪打中靶心。
2)[C] (针对对手，多为一系列之一的)一席话，一击
His remark was meant as a shot at me.
他的话是冲着我来的。
3)[C]击球；射门；投篮
The striker had/took a shot at goal.
前锋射门。【知识运用】
(1)The wonderful________of goals are usually shown again in slow motion.
A．gains B．shots
C．scores D．obtains
答案：B 本题题意：精彩的射门镜头常常用慢镜头重映。shot表示“击球；射门；投篮”。(2)Hearing the sad news, he felt the tears________from his eyes.
A．shooting B．rushing
C．floating D．flowing
答案：A 本题题意：一听到令人伤心的消息，他就感到泪水从眼中涌了出来。shoot表示“射出；放出；抛出”。Revise the -ing form(复习-ing形式)
(1)动名词
Ⅰ.动名词的句法功能：
1．主语
①Reading French is easier than speaking it.
法语读比说容易。
②Checking information is very important.
核实情况的工作很重要。【知识拓展】
1)不定式与动名词作主语的差异：
动名词作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式作主语常表示某次具体的行为。
①Collecting information about children's health is his job.
收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
②It's necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.
与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2)常用动名词做主语的句型有：
①It's no good/use/fun doing...
It's no use pretending you didn't know.
你装糊涂是无济于事的。
②It's(a)waste of time doing...
It's a waste of time doing that.
做那种事是浪费时间。③It's worthwhile doing...
It's worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
给新雇员详细解释一下工作要求， 费点事也是值得的。
④There is no point/denying/telling in doing...
There is no point in complaining. They can't do anything to help you.
抱怨于事无补，他们没办法帮助你。3)常用不定式作主语的句型有：
①It's difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do...
It is important for students to attend all the lectures.
所有的课学生都应该去听， 这是很重要的。
②It's kind(good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave)of sb. to do...
It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking.
你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。2．表语
①He works in a bank, but his hobby is building model boats.
他在银行工作，但他的业余爱好是做船舶模型。
②His job is selling newspapers.
他的工作是卖报。【知识拓展】
1)动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释，主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
Her job is teaching English to Chinese students.
她的工作是教中国学生英语。
2)不定式作表语，通常表示具体的，特别是将来的某次行为。
The next step is to search the titles for more information.
下一步是查标题，以获得更多的信息。3．宾语
①I have no objection to hearing your story again.
再听一遍你的故事，我没有异议。
②He avoided answering my questions.
他避而不答我的问题。【知识拓展】
1)在英语中，下列动词或动词短语只接动名词作宾语：avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, escape, forbid, miss, mind, practise, permit, suggest, finish, risk, imagine, keep, understand, be busy, be worth, feel like, give up, can't stand, can't help, care for, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...from, keep...from, stop...from, protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。①Why have they delayed opening the school?
他们为什么延期开学？
②We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
我们恭候佳音。
③I don't care for standing in queues.
我不喜欢排队。
④He put off making a decision till he had more information.
他推迟到获得详情之后再决定。2)在love, like, prefer, hate后，如果表示一般倾向性，多用动名词担任宾语；如果指特定的具体动作，多用不定式担任宾语。
①He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.
他不愿离开办公室去度假。
②I hate to disturb you.
我很遗憾来打扰你。
③He likes walking in the snow with his wife.
他喜欢和妻子在雪中散步。
④I like to play football this afternoon.
今天下午我想踢足球。3)动词begin, start, continue既可与不定式也可与动名词连用，二者并无含义上的差别，但表示“知道或理解”的动词以及动词matter后面用不定式更普遍些。
①I began working/to work.
我开始工作了。
②He continued living/to live above the shop.
他仍然住在商店的楼上。
③I am beginning to understand/see/realize why he acted as he did.
我现在刚刚开始懂得/看出/明白他为什么那样做。4)在remember, forget, stop, try, regret, mean等动词后，既可以后接不定式，又可以动名词担任宾语，但含义并不相同。
a. remember doing sth/to do sth 记得做过某事/记住去做某事
①I remember reading/having read about the earthquake in the papers.
我记得在报纸上看到过关于这次地震的消息。
②Remember to lock the door.
别忘了锁门。b. forget doing sth/to do sth 忘记了做过某事/忘记要去做某事
①I'll never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time.
我永远忘不了和我小学校长初次见面的情景。
②Don't forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.
你离开房间时别忘了关灯。 c. stop doing sth/to do sth 停止做某事/停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
①Will you stop making that horrible noise!
你别再弄出那种讨厌的响声来行不行！
②He stopped to look at the view.
他停下来看看那里的风景。d. try doing sth/to do sth 尝试做某事(看一看会发生什么情况)/努力(试图)做某事
①They tried putting wire netting all round the garden.
他们试着用铁丝网把花园全围了起来。
②They tried to put wire netting all round the garden.
他们想用铁丝网把花园全围起来。e. regret doing sth/to do sth 对做过的事表示后悔/对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾
①I regret spending/having spent/to have spent so much money.
我很后悔花了这么多钱。
②I regret to tell you that I can't go to your birthday party.
我很遗憾地告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。f. mean doing sth/to do sth 意味着(意思是)…/打算做某事
①Culture means trying to perfect oneself and one's own mind.
修养意指努力使自己和自己的心灵趋于完善。
②I mean to stay here, if I can.
若是能留下， 我想留在这儿。g. go on doing sth/to do sth继续做原来做的事/做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。
①Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.
作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习。
②After he had finished his maths, he went on to do his physics.
做完数学后，他接着去做物理。h. be afraid doing sth/to do sth担心出现…的状况、结果/胆怯而不敢去做某事
①She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
②She was afraid to wake her husband.
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。4．定语
①The patient on the operating table is his grandfather.
躺在手术台上的病人是他的祖父。
②The passengers are waiting in the waiting room.
乘客们正在候车室等候。【知识拓展】
动名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的用途，含有“供作……之用”的意思。例如：There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。a swimming pool 相当于a pool which is used for swimming.
Ⅱ.动名词的基本形式：
1．一般式：表示现在的行为。
①Learning a foreign language is very useful to me.
学一门外语对我来说很有用。
②The twin brothers always enjoy going to the concert.
这一对双胞胎弟兄俩对听音乐会总是兴致勃勃。2．完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
①He denied having been there.
他否认曾经到过那儿。
②The safe showed no signs of having been touched.
保险箱没有被人动过的痕迹。3．被动式：动名词的逻辑主语是这个动作的承受者。
①They narrowly escaped being killed in the fire.
他们险些在大火中丧生。
②I remember being taken to Paris as a small child.
我记得我在儿时被带到巴黎过。
③He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper.
他被罚不让吃晚饭就去睡觉。4．否定式：由not＋V-ing构成。
①I regret not being able to help you.
我很后悔没有能够帮助你。
②The child made her mother angry by not taking her medicine.
这个女孩不吃药使她妈妈很生气。(2)现在分词
Ⅰ.现在分词的句法功能：
1．定语
①We can see the rising sun.
我们可以看到东升的旭日。
②The children practicing playing the violin over there will give a performance next week.
在那边练习拉小提琴的孩子将在下周演出。【知识拓展】
1)现在分词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词前面，所修饰的代词后面；分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。
①The moving parts of this machine should be oiled regularly.
这部机器的运转部件应该上油。
②There is nothing interesting.
没有有趣的东西。
③Will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office?
那些教国外孩子的老师请到校长办公室来好吗？2)现在分词与动名词作定语存在差异：动名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的用途；现在分词与所修饰的词之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
①He goes to the reading room every day.
他每天都去阅览室读书。
②There are three types of tigers living in China.
目前中国有三种虎。
③The issue being discussed at the meeting is of importance.
会议上正在讨论的问题非常重要。2．表语
①He remained standing beside the table.
他依然站在桌旁。
②The news that he brought us was very interesting.
她给我们带来的消息非常激动人心。【知识拓展】
现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质或特征。
①The story sounds very moving.
这个故事听起来很感人。
②It is astonishing to me that he should be absent.
他竟然缺席会议，使我感到惊愕。3．补足语
①I find his attitude absolutely astonishing.
我觉得他的态度令人震惊。
②I'll soon have your car moving again.
我很快就会使你的车重新发动起来。
③We were kept waiting for quite a long time.
让我们等了好长时间。
④The boy was caught stealing apples from the garden.
有人撞见这个男孩偷园里的苹果。【知识拓展】
1)现在分词作补语，表示动作正在进行；不定式作补语表示动作已经发生了，是整个事件的全过程。
①I saw him crossing the road.
我看见他正在过马路。(在路上走着)
②I saw him cross the road.
我看见他过了马路。(从这边到了那边)2)分词作补语可分为以下两种情况。表示感觉的动词see, watch, notice, find, listen to, feel, observe, look at 等以及使役动词have, keep, make等。
①I heard her singing when I passed by her room.
当我路过她的房间时，我听到她正在唱歌。
②I found the topic being discussed everywhere then.
我发现人们那时到处讨论这个话题。
③I can't have you insulting Tom like that.
我不能容忍你这样侮辱汤姆。4．状语
现在分词和分词短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况。
1)原因状语
现在分词作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。现在分词作原因状语时，要特别注意现在分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。①当现在分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或近于同时发生时，要使用现在分词的一般式。
Fearing that the police would recognize him he never went out in daylight.
＝As he feared that the police would recognize him he never went out in daylight.
因为害怕警察认出他来，他从不白天出门。
②当现在分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生时，采用现在分词的完成式。
Having talked with John, I realized my mistake.
和约翰谈话之后，我意识到了自己的错误。2)时间状语
现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when, while引导的时间状语从句。现在分词短语作时间状语时，可以转变为一个时间状语从句。现在分词的完成式作状语的情况经常出现，应注意现在分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。
①主语所做的一个动作紧接着所做的另一个动作，第一个动作常常用现在分词来表示，而且分词必须放在前面。能够用于这种用法的动词都是瞬间动词。
Hearing the news, they couldn't help jumping.
听到这个消息时，他们禁不住跳了起来。②主语同时做出两个动作时，通常其中的一个动作可以由现在分词来表示，这时分词既可以放在动词不定式之前，也可以放在之后。此外，现在分词(短语)前面一般加when或while.
When leaving the station, he waved again and again to me.
离开车站的时候，他向我频频挥手。③当分词的动作完成以后，主句的动作才发生时，采用现在分词的完成形式作状语，放在句子前面，译作“在……之后”，此时它可以置换为“after＋动名词”这一结构。
Having turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.
＝After turning off the TV set，he began to go over his lessons.
关掉电视机以后，他便开始复习功课。3)方式状语和伴随状语
现在分词作方式状语和伴随状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。它表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生。
①He sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。
②He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.
他给我发了封电子邮件，希望得到进一步的信息。4)结果状语
现在分词短语用作结果状语，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种自然的结果。
①The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole city.
雪下了一个星期，造成整个城市交通瘫痪。
②The plate dropped from her hands, breaking it into pieces.
盘子从她手中掉了下来，成了碎片。5)条件状语
①(If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
如果玩一整天，你就会浪费了宝贵的时间。
②Staying here for some time, you'll find the people here are friendly.
如果在此呆上一段时间，你会发现这儿的人们很友好。6)让步状语
①Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
尽管雨下得很大，很快就会天晴。
②Whether waking or sleeping, he was devoted to the subject.
无论他是醒着还是睡着了，他都沉溺于这个主题。
Ⅱ.现在分词的形式：
1．一般式：表示与谓语动作同时发生。
①She sat by the window, enjoying the beautiful sights outside.
她坐在窗边，欣赏着窗外的风景。
②Walking around the city, we were impressed by the city's new look.
在城里走时，城市的新容给我们留下了深刻的印象。2．完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前；此外，如果第一个动作持续一段时间时，也必须用分词的完成式。
①Having finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后，他出去了。
②Having been his own boss for such a long time，he found it hard to accept orders from another.
自己当老板已经这么久了，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。3．被动式：一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
①Being asked to give a performance, Mary couldn't very well refused.
有人请玛丽表演节目，她不好拒绝。
②Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip?
人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？4．否定式：
①Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址，我们没法和她联系。
②Not having received her reply, they telephoned her.
由于没有收到她回音，他们给她打了电话。语法专练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. (2010北京－21)________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look
C. To look D. Looked
答案：A 本题题意：看着同学们那一张张面孔，我察觉到了他们眼神中所流露出来的同样的兴奋神情。本题考查现在分词短语担任时间状语，表示与谓语动作同时发生的一个主动动作。2．(2010上海秋－35)________ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached
C. To approach D. To be approached
答案：A 本题题意：走近市中心，我们看到一个石头雕像，约10米高。本题考查现在分词短语担任时间状语，表示一个与谓语动作同时发生的主动动作。3. (2010四川－17) The lawyer listened with full attention，________ to miss any point.
A. not trying B. trying not
C. to try not D. not to try
答案：B 本题题意：律师全神贯注，试图抓住问题的要害。本题考查现在分词短语担任方式和伴随状语以及动词不定式否定式的用法。4. (2010浙江－20) The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh
C. weighed D. weighing
答案：D 本题题意：交通规则指出，四岁以下以及体重不超过四十磅的儿童必须坐在儿童安全座椅上。现在分词短语weighing less than 40 pounds担任后置定语，修饰名词young children，相当于定语从句who/that weigh less than 40 pounds.5. (2010福建－25) Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ________ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.
A. sending B. to send
C. having sent D. to have sent
答案：A 本题题意：地震发生后，大量的救援人员昼夜不停地为青海省玉树县提供补给。现在分词短语sending supplies to Yushu担任方式或伴随状语，表示句子的主语所发出的一个与谓语动作work同时发生的主动动作。6．(2009上海－35) Bill suggested________a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A．having held B．to hold
C．holding D．hold
答案：C 本题题意：在假期期间能为上海世博会做些什么，比尔建议召开一次会议。suggest doing sth 表示“建议做某事”。7．(2009全国2－34) ________twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A．Being bitten B．Bitten
C．Having bitten D．To be bitten
答案：B 本题题意：被我们的狗咬了两次，那位邮递员拒绝给我们送信，除非我们把狗换掉。本题考查过去分词担任原因状语。相当于原因状语从句As he was bitten twice，...注意：由过去分词转化而来的形容词在句中担任状语或后置定语时，不能和being连用。例如：Einstein walked along the street, lost in thought. 爱因斯坦漫步街头，沉浸在思索之中。8．(2009天津－9)________by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A．Being encouraged B．Encouraging
C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged
答案：C 本题题意：受技术进步的鼓舞，很多农场主已经在自己的土地上建立了风能农场。本题考查分词担任原因状语，由于动作encourage与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，且动作已经完成，所以采用过去分词形式。9．(2009湖南－21)Every evening after dinner, if not________from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A．being tired B．tiring
C．tired D．to be tired
答案：C 本题题意：每天晚饭过后，若非工作劳累，我都花费一些时间去遛狗。本题考查过去分词短语担任状语，相当于状语从句if I am not tired from work，...10．(2009湖南－25)At the age of 29, Dave was a worker，________in a small apartment near Boston and________what to do about his future.
A．living; wondering B．lived; wondering
C．lived; wondered D．living; wondered
答案：A 本题题意：29岁时，戴夫是一名工人，住在波士顿附近的一套小公寓里，不知道将来能够做什么。第一空考查现在分词担任定语，起补充说明作用，相当于非限制性定语从句．.., who lived in a small apartment near Boston.第二空考查现在分词担任伴随状语，表示一个与动作live同时发生的主动动作。11．(2009福建－32)________not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A．Reminding B．Reminded
C．To remind D．Having reminded
答案：B 本题题意：有人提醒经理不要错过了15：20的航班，他匆忙赶往机场。本题考查分词短语担任时间状语。动作remind与句子的主语the manager 之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，且发生在谓语动词set out for之前，所以用过去分词形式。12．(2009福建－34) In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, ________ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A．marking B．marked
C．having marked D．being marked
答案：A 本题题意：2009年4月，胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队，以纪念中国人民解放军海军成立60周年。本题考查分词短语担任后置定语，起补充说明作用，相当于非限制性定语从句．.., which marked the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.13．(2009辽宁－22)When we visited my old family home, memory came________back.
A．flooding B．to flood
C．flood D．flooded
答案：A 本题题意：当我们参观老家住宅时，往事涌上心头。本题考查分词短语担任方式或伴随状语。动作flood与句子的主语memory之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”关系，且与谓语动作came同时发生，所以采用现在分词形式。再如：He came running here with one hand holding a knife.他手上握着刀向这里跑来。14．(2009浙江－3)________and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A．To be tried B．Tired
C．Tiring D．Being tired
答案：B 本题题意：安迪和鲁比最先到达泰山山顶，筋疲力尽，气喘吁吁。本题考查形容词tired以及short of breath在句中担任伴随状语。注意：由过去分词转化而来的形容词在句中担任状语，后置定语或者补足语，表示人所处的状态，其前不加being.15．(2009四川－10)________many times, he finally understood it.
A．Told B．Telling
C．Having told D．Having been told
答案：D 本题题意：被告知多次之后，他终于明白了。本题考查分词担任时间状语。动作tell与句子的主语he之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，且动作发生在谓语动词understood之前，原则上既可以采用现在分词的完成式的被动形式，也可以采用过去分词形式，但由于状语many times的存在，只能采用现在分词的完成式的被动形式。16．(2009江苏－32) Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school.________the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.
A．Attend B．To attend
C．Attending D．Having attended
答案：C 本题题意：贵宾朋友们，欢迎到我们学校来。出席今天上午50周年庆典的是来自国内外的校友们。第二句话为倒装句，正常语序为：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.17．(2008江西－24) I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention________when we talked on the phone.
A．to promote B．having been promoted
C．having promoted D．to be promoted
答案：B 本题题意：我听说他们已经晋升了汤姆的职位，但是我们在电话中交谈时，他并没有提及晋职这件事。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。mention 表示“提到；写到；说到”，后接动名词担任宾语。此外，考虑逻辑关系，采用被动式。例如：Whenever I mention playing football, he says he's too busy. 我一跟他提踢足球的事， 他就说太忙。18．(2008上海春－32) As a new driver, I have to practise________the car in my small garage again and again.
A．parking B．to park
C．parked D．park
答案：A 本题题意：作为一名新司机，我不得不在我的小车库里反复练习停车。practise后接动名词担任宾语。19．(2008福建－22)________in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A．Waiting B．To wait
C．Having waited D．To have waited
答案：C 本题题意：排队等了半小时之后，这位老人突然意识到他把支票忘在汽车里了。本题考查现在分词(短语)在句中担任时间状语。现在分词所表示的动作wait发生在谓语动词realize之前，所以采用完成式；此外，时间状语for half an hour也起到了暗示作用。注意：不定式(短语)在句中只担任目的、原因或结果状语。20．(2008山东－35) Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made________in the restaurant.
A．working B．work
C．to work D．worked
答案：A 本题题意：露丝的新工作的薪金是过去她在餐馆工作时薪金的两倍。本题考查现在分词短语working in the restaurant担任时间状语，相当于时间状语从句when she worked in the restaurant.注意：不定式(短语)在句中担任目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。21．(2008天津－4)________their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A．To throw B．Thrown
C．Throwing D．Being thrown
答案：C 本题题意：把帽子抛入空中，获胜球队的球迷发出了胜利的呐喊。本题考查现在分词短语在句中担任方式或伴随状语。动作throw与句子的主语the fans之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”关系，且与谓语动词let out同时发生。22．(2008安徽－30)________in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A．To walk B．Walking
C．Walked D．Having walked
答案：B 本题题意：3月的一天下午，他漫步在田野中，感受着春天的温暖。本题考查现在分词在句中担任时间状语，相当于时间状语从句When he was walking in the fields on a March afternoon，...; 注意：动作walk与谓语动作feel同时发生，所以采用现在分词的一般式。23．(2008陕西－14)________around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A．Having shown B．To be shown
C．Having been shown D．To show
答案：C 本题题意：我们被引领参观了游泳场馆“水立方”之后，又被带去参观2008年奥运会的主场馆“鸟巢”。本题考查现在分词担任时间状语，相当于时间状语从句After we had been shown/was shown around the Water Cube，…；根据逻辑关系，排除选项A。 注意：不定式在句中只能担任目的状语，原因状语或结果状语。24．(2008重庆－29)________to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A．Fail B．Failed
C．To fail D．Having failed
答案：D 本题题意：电话联系不上他们，我们改发了一封电子邮件。本题考查现在分词(短语)在句中担任时间状语，相当于状语从句：After we (had) failed to reach them on the phone，...; 动作fail与句子的主语we之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”关系，且发生在谓语动词sent之前，采用现在分词的完成式。25．(2008湖南－34) Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried________alone, but she didn't like it and moved back home.
A．living B．to live
C．to be living D．having lived
答案：A 本题题意：苏珊不想依赖父母而要自立。她曾尝试独立生活，但她不喜欢这种生活又搬回家中。try doing sth表示“尝试做某事”。try to do sth表示“试图(或尽力)做某事”。 26．(2008江苏－29)—They are quiet, aren't they?
—Yes. They are accustomed________at meals.
A．to talk B．to not talk
C．to talking D．to not talking
答案：D 本题题意：“他们很安静，对吗？” “是的，他们习惯了吃饭时不说话。”be accustomed to sth/doing sth 表示“习惯于”，其中to为介词。27．(2007安徽－30) —Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted________his advice!
A．to take B．taking
C．not to take D．not taking
答案：D 本题题意：“罗伯特的确是一个明智之士。” “啊，是呀。没有采纳他的建议，我时常为此而后悔！” regret doing sth表示“对所做过的事感到遗憾或后悔”。28．In my mind，________that famous university will be the only way to become a world-class writer.
A．attending B．attended
C．attend D．having attended
答案：A 本题题意：在我看来，进入一所名牌大学就读是成为一位世界知名作家的唯一途径。本题考查动名词短语作主语。29．Can you imagine his________a novel?
A．write B．writing
C．to write D．wrote
答案：B 本题题意：你想像得到他写小说吗？ 本题考查动词imagine后接动名词或动名词的复合结构作宾语。30．They have just come here to get down to________the roads.
A．repair B．having repaired
C．being repaired D．repairing
答案：D 本题题意：他们刚刚来到这儿从事修路工作。get down to sth/doing sth表示“开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事”；其中to为介词，后面应该接动名词作宾语；此外，逻辑主语they和repaire构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以用动名词的一般式。课件53张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
1．This river is dangerous to ________ (游泳) in.
2．They are the people from ________ (不同的) cultures.
3．The crowd ________ (惊慌) at the sound of the explosion.
4．I ________ (保证) that you'll enjoy yourself.
5．Please accept this gift in a________ of all you've done for us.
6．I was a ________ about the children when they didn't come back home from school.7．The long hot climb made him s________.
8．The whole house t________ when the train went by.
答案：1.bathe 2.diverse 3.panicked 4.guarantee 5.appreciation 6.anxious 7.sweat 8.trembledⅡ.短语
1．因……而颤抖 ________
2．匆匆看一遍 ________
3．渴望做……________
4．处于恐慌状态之中________
5．a diversity of ________
6．have a gift for ________
7．vary from...to... ________
8．It's reported that... ________答案：1.tremble with/at... 2.glance through 3.be anxious to do... 4.be in a panic 5.各种各样的 6.具有……天赋 7.由……到……不等 8.据报道……
1．vary (v.)
1)(大小、形状等)相异，不同，有别
The translation varies a little from the original.
那篇翻译与原文有些出入。
2)～(with sth)|～(from sth to sth)|～(between A and B) (根据情况)变化，变更
The temperature varies from time to time.
温度常常变化。3)变更；(略做)改变
Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.
为了增加趣味，教师应该使自己的课多样化。
【知识运用】
(1)(2006上海－43)Try not to start every sentence with “the”．________the beginnings of your sentences.
A．Vary B．Decorate
C．Form D．Describe
答案：A 本题题意：不要总用the开头造句，应该使句子开头多样化。vary表示“(根据情况)变化， 变更，改变”。(2)As opinions________on that point, no decision can be reached.
A．vary B．change
C．alter D．stick
答案：A 本题题意：在那一点上， 大家意见纷纷， 莫衷一是。vary 表示“(大小、形状等)相异，不同，有别”。2．appreciation (n.)
1)[U]欣赏
She shows little or no appreciation of good music.
她对于好音乐鲜有或没有欣赏的能力。
2)[U &sing.]～(of sth) 理解；体谅；同情
At the centre of book's success is Twain's appreciation of children.
本书获得成功的关键在于吐温能够理解儿童。
3)[U]～(of/for sth) 感激；感谢
We showed our appreciation with flowers.
我们用花表示谢意。4)[C]～(of sth)(尤指艺术方面的) 鉴定，评价，评估
His appreciation of her chances of getting the promotion was correct.
他对她晋升机会所作的估计是对的。【知识拓展】
appreciate (v.)
1)欣赏；赏识；重视
You can't fully appreciate foreign literature in translation.
看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。
2)感激；感谢；欢迎
They deeply appreciated his kindness.
他们对他的好意深表感谢。3)理解；意识到；领会
I appreciate your problem, but I don't think I can help you.
我理解你的困难， 但却爱莫能助。
【知识运用】
(1)(2006山东－24) I'd appreciate________if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A．that B．it
C．this D．you
答案：B 本题题意：如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。表示“喜欢、怨恨”的动词like, dislike，love, hate，appreciate以及动词stop常与形式宾语it连用，构成 “V＋it＋when/if...”句式。此类用法与我们所熟悉的的it作形式宾语不同的是，在it后面没有形容词或名词担任宾语补足语。(2)I would appreciate________back this afternoon.
A．you to call B．you call
C．your calling D．you're calling
答案：C 本题题意：今天下午你若回电，我将不胜感激。appreciate后接动名词的复合结构作宾语。(3)(2000上海－50) I wrote him a letter to show my________of his thoughtfulness.
A．achievement B．agreement
C．attention D．appreciation
答案：D 本题题意：我给他写了一封信，表达了对他关怀体贴的感激之情。appreciation表示“感谢”；例如：We showed our appreciation with flowers.我们用花表示谢意。(4)He was given a rise in________of his excellent work.
A．admiration B．gratitude
C．consideration D．appreciation
答案：D 本题题意：由于欣赏他的工作出色而给他提薪。in appreciation of...表示“作为对……的感谢，为……感谢。”3．guarantee (v.)
1)保证；担保；保障
①We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.
我们不能保证火车在雾天正点到达。
②I can guarantee it's true; I saw it myself.
我能保证那是真的——我亲眼看见的。
③We guarantee to deliver within a week.
我们保证一周内送到。2)承诺对……负法律责任
I guarantee that he will appear in court.
我保证他会出庭。
3)～sth(against sth)给予书面保证；提供保修单
This iron is guaranteed for a year against faulty workmanship.
这种熨斗如有工艺缺陷可保修一年。4)使必然发生；确保
These days getting a degree doesn't guarantee you a job.
如今获得学位并不能保证你就有工作。
5)肯定……必然发生
You can guarantee(that)the children will start being naughty as soon as they have to go to bed.
孩子一到该上床睡觉时就不听话了。
【知识拓展】
be guaranteed to do sth 肯定会；必然会
①With tickets going for as much as $ 1,750, the production is almost guaranteed to turn a profit.
由于票价高达1750美元，演出几乎可以肯定盈利。
②Just looking at a picture of the sea is guaranteed to make me feel sick.
就连看看大海的图片也准会让我犯晕。【知识运用】
(1)Many shopkeepers______satisfaction to customers.
A．serve B．suit
C．guarantee D．secure
答案：C 本题题意：许多店主对顾客许诺定让他们满意。guarantee表示“保证；担保；保障”。(2)Now alongside her Harvard Ph.D., she has a Class A commercial driver's license——a diploma that's________to land her a job.
A．determined B．guaranteed
C．contented D．satisfied
答案：B 本题题意：现在，除哈佛大学博士学位外，她还拿到了商用载货车一级驾照——这一文凭为她找到一份工作提供了保证。be guaranteed to do sth 表示“肯定会；必然会”。
1．glance through/at/down/over sth 浏览；粗略地看
①He glanced through the provincial news, and then placed the paper on the tea table.
他翻看了本省新闻，把报纸放在茶几上。
②Sam took the letters from Lord, glanced through them and read aloud.
萨姆从洛德手中接过那些信，很快地浏览一遍，并大声念出来。【知识运用】
(1)Next door, the little general store had a few copies of that day's newspaper on sale. The boys picked up a copy and________it.
A．glanced through B．looked into
C．got through D．went through
答案：A 本题题意：隔壁的那家杂货铺里有当天的报纸，孩子们拿起一份来，匆匆地看了一遍。glance through表示“浏览；粗略地看”。(2)She________through the letter, which was formal in its wording.
A．glared B．glanced
C．gazed D．stared
答案：B 本题题意：她匆匆看了一遍信，这是封言辞非常正式的信。glance through表示“浏览；粗略地看”。2．give birth to
1)生孩子；产仔
①She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.
她生了个漂亮健康的婴儿。
②How often does your dog give birth to puppies?
你的狗隔多久下一窝小狗？
2)产生；形成
①It gave birth to many unpleasant stories.
这又引出了许多令人不快的故事。
②The inflation gave birth to a smoldering feeling of discontent.
通货膨胀引起了一种郁积的不满情绪。【知识运用】
(1)The toolbar________the button, a happy marriage between a button and an icon.
A．stuck to B．gave birth to
C．looked forward to D．referred to
答案：B 本题题意：工具栏的出现带来了图标按钮，它是按钮和图标之间一次愉快的联姻。give birth to表示“产生；形成”。(2)Women exposed to air pollution during pregnancy are more likely to give birth________children with heart defects, researchers reported on Saturday.
A．to B．on C．with D．for
答案：A 本题题意：周六，有研究人员报告，接触污染空气的孕妇很可能生下患有心脏缺陷的孩子。give birth to表示“生孩子；产仔”。
1．Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.
珍稀动物有白鹤、黑熊、豹子和虎。【知识剖析】
为了使上下文紧密衔接，本句话把表语among the rare animals置于句首，句子的主语和谓语采用了完全倒装结构。在英语中，如果主语较长或句子结构较复杂，担任表语的形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语或副词等可以置于句首，采用完全倒装结构。例如：①Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。
②In the armchair lay a cat, half asleep.
一只猫躺在椅子上，半睡半醒。
③Standing around the teacher were her students.
老师周围站着的都是她的学生。
④Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies.
同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。
⑤First to unfold was the map of the world.
首先要打开的是世界地图。【知识拓展】
完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构还有：
1．There be句型(be可换成live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem/appear/happen/used to be等表示“存在”的词)。
①There entered a strange little man.
走进来一个奇怪且身材又矮小的人。
②Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前，海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。2．地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词lie, live, sit, stand或表示转移的动词come, go，rise时，用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后，构成完全倒装结构。主语是代词则不能倒装。①In the cottage lives a family of six.
在这幢小茅舍里住着一家六口。
②Near the bridge was an old cottage.
在桥的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。
③Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated.
这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。
④On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.
这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼。
3．在以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间副词开头的句子中，如果谓语是come, go等转移动词以及动词be, 且主语为名词时，通常使用倒装结构。注意：主语若是人称代词，则不能采用倒装结构。①Here comes a taxi!
有辆出租车来了！(注意这里不可用进行时。)
②Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
下雨了，伞都撑了起来。
③Away flew the bird.
那鸟飞走了。
④Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.
突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。
4．such位于句首。
①Such are the fortunes of war.
这些就是战争的机会。
②Such were his last words.
他最后的话就是这些。【知识运用】
(1)(2010重庆－33) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________， one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
答案：A 本题题意：重庆位于长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，是中国十大城市之一。表示地点的介词短语，常将其放在句首，构成完全倒装，用于强调。注意，此时的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。(2)(2010陕西－17) John opened the door. There ______ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
答案：D 本题题意：约翰打开门，(只见)门口站着一位他从来没有见过的女孩。在There be句型中，动词be可以被live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。(3)(2009福建－25) For a moment nothing happened. Then________all shouting together.
A．voices had come B．came voices
C．voices would come D．did voices come
答案：B 本题题意：片刻沉寂之后，人们同时高声呐喊起来。在以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间副词开头的句子中，如果谓语是come, go等转移动词以及动词be, 且主语为名词时，通常使用倒装结构。注意：主语若是人称代词，则不能采用倒装结构。(4)At the foot of the mountain________.
A．a village lie B．lies a village
C．does a village lie D．lying a village
答案：B 本题题意： 山脚下有个村庄。表示地点的介词短语在句首， 为表达生动或使句子均衡而采用完全倒装。2．It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。【知识剖析】
It is said that...为固定结构，表示“据说……”， 其另外一种形式为：People say that...或．..is said to be/do...；不定式部分根据具体情况可以采用一般式，进行式或完成式三种形式。例如：
①It is said that he possesses a fortune of more than two thousand million dollars./He is said to possess a fortune of more than two thousand million dollars.
据说他的财产价值超过20亿美元。②It is said that money, or love of money, is the root of all evil./Money, or love of money, is said to be the root of all evil.
有人说钱或爱钱是万恶之源。
③It is said that he has been concerned in the crime./He is said to have been concerned in the crime.
据说他与本案有牵联。
④It is said that Tom is writing a novel./Tom is said to be writing a novel.
据说汤姆正在写小说。【知识拓展】
1)It is believed that...人们相信
It is believed that some of them are, like our sun, circled by a number of planets.
人们认为：它们有一些像我们的太阳一样，被许多行星所环绕。
2)It is expected that...人们期望(是可能发生的，是可以预期的)
It is expected that John will be back by ten.
约翰在十点以前回来是预料中的事。3)It is thought that...人们认为……
It is generally thought that traveling abroad can enrich one's knowledge.
一般认为出国旅游可增广见闻。
4)It is reported that...据报导……
It is reported that the car accident took place sometime yesterday.
据报导，那场车祸是在昨天某个时候发生的。
5)It is known that... 众所周知……
It is known that family names come first in China.
大家都知道，在中国，姓放在名字前面。【知识运用】
(1)(2009全国2－6)It is often________that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
A．said B．to say
C．saying D．being said
答案：A 本题题意：人们常说，人天生就会说话。It is said that...为固定结构，表示“据说……”。(2)(2007重庆－28) Leonardo da Vinci (1452～1519)________birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A．is said to be buying
B．is said to have bought
C．had said to buy
D．has said to have bought
答案：B 本题题意：据说达文西(1452～1519)把买来的鸟儿放置在笼子中，为的是获得释放他们的乐趣。本题考查sb/sth is said to do sth结构；达文西“买鸟，放鸟”这件事情发生在人们谈论之前，采用不定式的完成式。(3)(2006湖北－33) AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A．that it is B．to be
C．that is has been D．to have been
答案：D 本题题意： 据说艾滋病在过去的几年里已经对那个地区中的男性和女性的健康构成最大的挑战。本题考查固定句型It is said that...的变式．..be said to do. 此外，根据时间状语 over the past few years可以确定使用不定式(短语)的完成式。
