课件34张PPT。1．advice [U]忠告；劝告；建议
①He gave(offered)me some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
他向我提供了一些学习外语的建议。
②I took(followed)her advice.
我接受了她的忠告。
提示：advice是不可数名词，不能说an advice或advices只能说some advice “一些意见”或a piece of advice “一条意见”。advice的动词形式是advise。知识拓展
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise sb. on sth. 就某事给某人提建议
advise sb. against sth.(＝advise sb. not to do sth.)建议(某人)不要做某事
give sb. advice on sth. 就……给人建议
follow/take one's advice 接受某人的建议
ask(sb.)for advice 征询某人的意见即学即用
I hope you can give me________.
A．some advices B．some advice
C．some advise D．some advises
答案：B2．suburban adj. 郊区的；市郊的；n. 郊区＝suburb
We live in suburban Beijing.
我们住在北京郊区。
They live in the suburbs.
他们住在郊区。
助记：一言辨异
Once Londoners liked to live and work in the city,_while now most Londoners tend to live in suburbs even outskirts and work in the city.
过去伦敦人喜欢住在城市，工作在城市；现在大多数伦敦人趋向于住在郊区或郊外，而工作在城里。3．electricity [U]电；电流；电学
electric adj. 电的
electrical adj. 与电有关的
electrify vt. 给充电
electric shock/light/blanket/chair/eye/field 电击/电光/电热毯/电椅/电眼/电场
electrical fault 停电辨析：electric, electricalan electric generator/clock/light/shock 发电机/电钟/电灯/触电
an eletrical engineer 电气工程师
an eletrical fault in the system 系统中的电力故障
①As a boy, Edison was always making things, and most of them were electric.
爱迪生在孩提时代总爱摆弄一些东西，其中大部分是电方面的。
②My brother is an eletrical engineer.
我弟弟是一名电气工程师。即学即用
This machine has an________fault.
A．electric B．electrical
C．electricity D．eelctrician
答案：B4．connect
1)vt. & vi. 连接；联结；结合
A highway connects the two cities.
有一条高速公路连接这两个城市。
2)vt. 把……(与……)联系在一起思考；以……联想……
Many people connect Germany with beer.
很多人把德国与啤酒联想在一起。知识拓展
1)connect后可接with或to。
We must connect this wire with/to the one.
我们必须把这条电线与那条连接起来。
2)have connection with 与……有联系
in connection with 与……有关
be related to 与……有关系
keep in touch with sb. 与某人有联系
have contract with sb. 与某人有联系辨析：connect与join
两者都可表示“连接”，但有以下不同：
1)强调被连接的两者能形成一个整体时，表示与某人/某物“会合”或“相聚”均用join。
The two rivers join at the bridge.
这两条河在大桥处会合。
2)表示“(交通工具)(与……)衔接”时用connect。
The trolleybus connects here with a bus for the airport.
这辆无轨电车在这里衔接去机场的公共汽车。高考直击
(2007·浙江卷)—What's that noise?
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine________.
A．was tested B．will be tested
C．is being tested D．has been tested
解析：考查时态。现在进行时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。根据所提供的情景What's that noise？可判断出新机器正在被检测，所以要用被动语态的现在进行时。
答案：C即学即用
This man is connected________a known criminal(罪犯)．
A．to B．on
C．with D．in
答案：C5．imagine v.
1)想像；设想
I can imagine the scene clearly in my mind.
我可以在心里清楚地想像出这景色。
2)料想；想到
Would you ever have imagined him/his becoming a politician?
你怎能料想到他能当上政治家呢？
注意：imagine后须跟动名词及其短语。类似的动词还有：enjoy, escape, practice, finish, consider, miss, suggest, avoid等。知识拓展
imagination n. 想像力
imaginable adj. 可想像的
imaginary adj. 想像中的；虚构的
imaginative adj. 爱想像的高考直击
(2006·江苏)—There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
—My goodness! I can't imagine________that old.
A．to be B．to have been
C．being D．having been
解析：imagine后接动名词作宾语。
答案：C即学即用
(2009·天津六校模拟)Can you imagine Zhai Zhigang's________in the space?
A．to walk B．to be walking
C．walking D．to have walked
答案：Cbe/get stuck in 被困住
Our car was stuck in the mud.
我们的车陷在泥里了。
链接：
1)get常与marry, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress等的过去分词连用，构成被动语表。get加过去分词表示的被动语态一般指动作的结果，而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，突然发生”等意义。
2)“get＋过去分词”构成的被动语态句，其后不用by短语表示执行者；而“be＋过去分词”构成的被动语态句，后近常用by短语表明执行者，有时也可不用或省略。①Finally the car got repaired.
汽车终于修好了。
②I was caught for speeding.
我因超速而被抓住。
即学即用
In a traffic jam, your car will get________.
A．sticking B．struck
C．to stick D．stuck
答案：DSay which means of transport you can use to get around your town.
说一说在你们镇上四处旅行时可以坐哪种方式的交通工具。
means n．方式；方法；手段；工具；单复数同形。作主语时，其谓语动词的复数形式要根据句子的具体含义来定。
①Every means has been tired.
每一种方法都已经试过了。
②All means are unpleasant.
所有的方法都不太令人满意。知识拓展
①The blocks are raised by means of pulleys.
那些大块物件是用滑车吊起来的。
②—Can I bring Alan to the party?
我能带艾伦参加聚会吗？
—By all means!
当然可以！
③It is by no means certain that the game will take place.
比赛是否举行完全不能肯定。辨析
1)in this way强调的是简便的方法，in有时可省略。
2)by this means有条理的办事方法。
3)in this manner强调做事或行为的方式、方法。
4)with this method强调有系统的、有逻辑的方法。
5)the approach to强调具体的方式、方法、途径。高考直击
(2010·江苏卷，27)—Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?
—________.Ours is much stronger than theirs.
A．Of course B．It depends
C．Don't mention it D．By no means
解析：句意：“你认为他们的乒乓球队在即将到来的亚运会上会获得第一名吗？”“决不会。我们队比他们队要强大得多。”of course当然可以；it depends看情况而定；don't meation it别客气；by no means决不。
答案：D即学即用
At the meeting they discussed three different________to the study of mathematics.
A．approaches B．means
C．methods D．ways
答案：A课件114张PPT。1．raise vt.
1)抬高；举起
He raised his arms above his head.
他把手臂举过头顶。
2)提高；增加
They raised their offer to ? 500.
他们将出价抬高到500美元。
3)饲养；养育；培育
They were both raised in the south.
他们俩都在南方长大的。知识拓展
raise your glass to sb. 举杯祝酒
get a rise 得到加薪
辨析：raise与rise
1)raise 举起；升高；强调把某人或某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。raise还可用于借喻，如提高物价，提高生活水平等。
She raised her eyes and looked at me.
她抬眼看了看我。
2)rise 上升；上涨；是不及物动词，指事物本身从低处升(涨)到高处。
The river is rising after the rain.
雨后河水上涨。高考直击
(2009·江西)—What is the price of petrol these days?
—Oh, it ________ sharply since last month.
A. is raised B. has risen
C. has arisen D. is increased
解析：考查了时态的用法。由句中的时间状语since last month 可知该用现在完成时。而C项中arise用法不准确，当表示价格的上升时用rise。
答案：B即学即用
They've________up to 20,000 yuan for the earthquake-stricken area.
A．rose B．rised
C．raised D．risen
答案：C2．display n.
1)展示；陈列；表现
On New Year's Eve the dispaly of fireworks offers many attractions.
除夕夜的焰火很吸引人。
2)展览品；陈列品
All the parents were looking at the display of children's works.
所有的父母都在看孩子们的作品展览。vt. 陈列；展示；表现；显露
①The children's works were displayed on the wall.
孩子们的作品在墙上展出来了。
②I have hardly seen her display any sign of emotion.
我难得见到她流露感情。知识拓展
be on display 被展示；被陈列；在展出
put sth. on dispaly 展出某物即学即用
His works were the first________.
A．displayed B．displaying
C．display D．to be displayed
答案：D3．check vt. 检查；核对
知识拓展
check in(在旅馆、机场等)登记；报到
check out 付账后离开；检验；合格；及格
check with 与……相符合；与……协商辨析：examine、check与test
1)examine通常指为了某种目的对某事进行详细的检查、询问、审问。
The doctor examined him carefully.
医生仔细检查了他的身体。
2)check通常用来指“检查；核对(账单、结果、产品质量、包裹)”等。
I checked my bag to see if I'd left anything.
我检查了我的提包，看看是否有东西遗漏了。3)test表示“测验；测试；检验”。
We test your English before deciding which class to put you in.
等测验过你们的英语水平后我们再决定把你们分在哪一个班。高考直击
(2007·全国卷Ⅱ)—Do you know Anna's telephone number?
—________. As a matter of fact, I don't know any Anna, either.
A．I think so B．I'm afraid not
C．I hope so D．I'd rather not
解析：本题考查日常交际用语。由上下文可知A、C与下文相矛盾；而D项意为“我宁可不”；I'm afraid not是I'm afraid I don't know的省略，合乎句意。
答案：B即学即用
—Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?
—Oh, really? I haven't________my mailbox yet.
A．examined B．reviewed
C．tested D．checked
答案：D4．permit
1)n. 许可证；通行证；执照
You can't hunt in this area without a hunting permit.
没有狩猎许可证，你不可在此区域打猎。
2)vt. 允许；容许(permitted, permitted, permitting)①This problem permits no delay.
这个问题不容拖诞。
②The policeman permitted him to park there.
警察允许他在那里停车。
③We do not permit smoking in hospitals.
在医院里不准抽烟。
3)vi. (事物)允许；变成可能(通常在条件从句中)
I will go to see you if time permits.＝Time Permitting, I will go to see you.
如果时间允许的话，我会去见你。指点迷津：allow与permit
allow所表示的“允许”通常含有“(个人)不加阻止”之意；permit的语气比allow强，含有“(正式地)许可”之意，带有客观意味。知识拓展
permit名词形式为permission，常见的与之搭配的短语为：with/without one's permission在某人的准许下/没获得……的允许；ask for permission请求允许。高考直击
(2007·江苏)—Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don't allow________here.
A．people smoking B．people smoke
C．to smoke D．smoking
解析：allow doing sth.允许做某事；allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，二者均为allow的固定用法。
答案：D即学即用
(2009·湖北八校模拟)The party will be held in the garden, weather________.
A．permitted B．permits
C．permit D．permitting
答案：D5．provide vt. 供给；提供
①They provide(us)breakfast at 7 on Sundays.
星期天他们7点供应早餐。
②The trees provide shade for us.
这些树为我们提供阴凉。
知识拓展
1)同根词：provider n. 供应者；提供者
2)providing/provided(that)的意思是“在……情况下；倘使；倘若”。辨析：provide, offer与supply即学即用
His son________the old man with all the food and the money he needed.
A．provided B．fed
C．offered D．gave
答案：A6．avoid vt.
1)避免；防止
The accident could have been avoided.
这个事故本来是可以避免的。
2)回避；避开
You should avoid mentioning his name.
你应避免提及他的名字。
注意：该词后接动词时，用-ing形式，注意复合结构。
They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away.
他们建了一堵墙以防水土流失。知识拓展
英语中某些及物动词后习惯跟动名词作宾语，这类常用的动词是：
避免 错过 少延期 (avoid, miss, put off/postpone)
建议 完成 多练习 (suggest, finish, practise)
喜欢 想象 禁不住 (enjoy, imagine, can't help)
承认 否定 与嫉妒 (admit, deny, envy)
逃避 冒险 莫原谅 (escape, risk, excuse)
忍受 保持 别介意 (stand, keep, mind)
①Do you mind opening the window?
打开窗子，你介意吗？②After supper, Mary suggested taking a walk along the river bank.
晚饭后，玛丽建议沿着河边散散步。
即学即用
________any mistakes when you fill in the important form.
A．Make B．Avoid
C．Stop D．Guard
答案：B7．fare n.
辨析：fee与fare
1)fee指付给专业人员的“报酬”，如：专业服务费、咨询费等；也可指“入场费、入会费、学费等”。
pay the lawyer's fees付律师费；membership fees会费
2)fare指“车船费；票价”。
train(rail)fares 火车票价
Children travel at half fare.
儿童交通费减半。知识拓展
a bus/taxi fare 公共汽车/出租汽车费
a single fare 单程票价
round-trip fare 周游票价；来回票价
economy fares 经济舱票价
travel at half/full/reduced fare 半价/全价/减价票旅行即学即用
His school________has been decreased because of his poverty.
A．fee B．fare
C．money D．permit
答案：A8．impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的
His performance in the film Hero is most impressive.
他在电影《英雄》中的表演给人留下了深刻的印象。知识拓展
1)impress v. 给人留下深刻的印象
be impressed with 对……有深刻的印象
impress sth. on/upon sb.＝impress sb. with sth. 使(人)印象深刻；使铭记
be impressed by/at/with 被深深打动/感动
impress sth. in/on one's memory 使……铭记在心
be favourably/unfavourably impressed 得到好/不好的印象
①She's always trying to impress people with her new clothes.
她总喜欢穿上新衣服引人注意。②My father impressed on me the value of hard work.
我父亲让我铭记艰苦劳动的价值。
2)impression n. 印象，感想
one's impression of sb./sth. 某人对……的印象
get/obtain a good/bad impression of... 得到对……的好/坏的印象
leave/make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻的印象高考直击
(2009·安徽)China has got a good________for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A．reputation B．influence
C．impression D．knowledge
解析：考查了名词的辨析。句意为“中国因为在与流感斗争中的仔细和顺利的组织而获得好评”。reputation意为“名誉；名望”；impression意为“印象；感想”；influence意为“影响”。
答案：A即学即用
His parents impressed the importance of study________him.
A．for B．with
C．of D．on
答案：D9．view vt. 观看；仔细看；认为；把……看作是；n. 意见；看法；视野；景色
①In my view it was a waste of time.
依我看，这是浪费时间。
②The sun disappeared from view.
太阳从视野中消失了。知识拓展
1)viewer n. 电视观众；观看者
viewpoint n. 观点；看法；角度
(同)outlook 景色；前景
sight 景致
2)at first view 初看；一见(就)
in one's view 依照某人的见解
on a long view 从长远看
on a short view 从目前看；从短时期看
view....as... 把……视为……
in view of sth. 鉴于；考虑on view 在展出；陈列
come into view/sight 出现在眼前；可以被看得见
辨析：scene，scenery，sight与view
scene, scenery, sight和view都有景象的含义。
1)scene指展现出眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。
The scene after the earthquake was horrible.
地震后的场景十分可怕。
2)scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。
The scenery as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges is marvellous.
坐船浏览长江三峡的时候，两岸的风景美不胜收。3)sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。与view或者scenery最大的不同就在于，当sight指景物时，它多指某地特有的名胜。
We have seen the historical sights of London.
我们游览了伦敦的名胜古迹。
4)view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换。
The mountain hotel offered magnificent views.
从山间旅行社可以看到壮丽的景观。高考直击
(2007·安徽)The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common________in many parts of the city.
A．look B．sign
C．sight D. appearance
解析：sight意为“风景”；look意为“表情”；sign意为“迹象；现象”；appearance意为“出现；显露”。
答案：C即学即用
Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful________through the window.
A．scene B．look
C．view D．picture
答案：C10．follow vt. & vi.
1)跟随
The children followed their mother into the room.
孩子们跟着母亲进了房间。
2)明白；理解
I didn't follow his line of reasoning.
我不明白他的推理方法。
3)听从；服从
The soldiers must follow the officer's orders.
士兵们必须执行军官的命令。知识拓展
1)following prep. & adj. & n.
(1)作形容词，表示“第二；下一；下述的；下面的”。
On the following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone.
第二天，这个病人要了一部床头电话机。
(2)作介词，后接短语作状语或宾语。
On Monday afternoon following Laura's visit, Martin arranged for us both to meet Howard at his school.
在劳拉访问后的星期一下午，马丁为我们两个安排了在学校会见霍华德。2)as follows 如下
it follows that 由此得出结论……；因而断定……
It reads as follows. 全文如下。
即学即用
(2009·哈师大附中模拟)The teacher entered the classroom, ________. Which of the answer is not right?
A．a group of students followed him
B．a group of students following him
C．followed by a group of students
D．and a group of students followed him
答案：A11．construction n. 建筑；建筑物；解释
The new airport is still under construction.
新机场仍在修建中。
知识拓展
under construction (正在)修建中
put a construction on sth. 对某事物作某种解释(一般指对言语、行为等)
put the best/worst construction on sth.
往最好/最坏的方面去解释
put a false construction on 故意曲解单词积累
construct vt. 建造；构造；创立
constructive adj. 建设性的
constructional adj. 装配的；构造的；解释上的即学即用
It's agreed that his proposal is________.
A．constructional B．instruct
C．instructed D．constructive
答案：D12．convenient adj. 合适的；方便的
Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
明天开始工作对你方便吗？知识拓展
convenient的名词为convenience
1)[U]适合；方便
Please come at your convenience.
请在你方便的时候前来。
2)[C]便利的事物；便利设施
at your convenience 在你方便的时候
for convenience's sake 为方便起见
convenience food 便利食品
注意：
1)convenient作表语时，主语不能为人，而是用事物作主语或用it充当形式主语，类似用法的还有important, necessary, possible, probable等。
2)只能与“for sb.＋不定式”连用。
3)作表语时接不定式的主动形式。高考直击
(2008·浙江)There are plenty of jobs________in the western part of the country.
A．present B．available
C．precious D．convenient
解析：考查形容词词义。句意：该国的西部有足够的工作岗位。available“可找到的；可获得的；可购得的”； present“出席的；到场的；现在的”； precious“宝贵的；珍爱的；贵重的”； convenient“便利的；方便的”。
答案：B即学即用
Our new house is very________for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.
A．reasonable B．comfortable
C．convenient D．available
答案：C13．advantage n. 优势；长处；利益；便利
Mary speaks good English, but she has an advantage because her mother is English.
玛丽的英语讲得很好，因为她有优势，她妈妈是英国人。知识拓展
be of advantage to 对……有利
win/have/get/gain an/the advantage over/of 胜过；优于
give sb. an advantage 使某人处于更有利的地位
have the advantage of 比……强；胜过
take advantage of 对……加以利用；乘机利用
to sb.'s advantage 对……有利
You have the advantage of me.
你比我强。
单词积累
disadvantage n. 不利；短处即学即用
Haven't you learned of the advantage you should________other's weak points in order to win the match?
A．make on B．make of
C．have to D．take of
答案：D14．situation n.
1)情况；状况；形势；局面
I'm now in a difficult situation.
我现在处境困难。
2)地理位置；环境特点；同义词为position。
Here is an ideal situation for a nursery school.
这儿是托儿所的理想特点。
注意：在定语从句中，若situation作先行词，从句中缺少状语时，关系词用where，类似的词还有stage, point, case等。辨析：condition, situation, state
三个词都有“情况；形势”的意思，作为名词condition多用复数形式，当我们要求具体的工作，生活、学习的环境和条件时，需用conditions；而situation常用单数，侧重“形势；情景；处境；局面等”，state为常用词，指“人或物存在或所处的状态”，但不着重表示“这种状态与具体原因或条件的关系。”
①What are conditions like in your school?
你们学校条件如何？
②He is in a good state.
他身体健康。高考直击
(1)(2008·江西)—Shall we go out for a walk?
—Sorry. This is not the right________to invite me. I am too tired to walk.
A．moment B．situation
C．place D．chance
解析：答语意为“现在邀我散步不合时宜，(因为)我累得走不了路。”moment“时机；时刻”；situation“形势；情况”；place“地方”；chance“机会”，本题侧重时间，因此A正确。
答案：A(2)(2009·福建)It's helpful to put children in a situation________they can see themselves differently.
A．that B．when
C．which D．where
解析：考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。
答案：D即学即用
School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous________.
A．states B．conditon
C．situations D．position
答案：C1．get around 四处走动；旅行；避开；逃避
①I don't want to stay at home. I'd like to get around.
我不想待在家里，我想要旅游。
②Don't try to get around the question by changing the subject.
不要企图通过改变话题来回避问题。知识拓展
get across 被理解；使人了解
get away with 逃避惩罚
get down to 开始；着手
get off sb. (尤用于告诉别人)别碰；走远点
get on 相处融洽(＝get along)；出人头地
get out of (使)逃避；避免；摆脱
get over 做完；结束；熬过
get through 接通(电话)；让人了解
get together 相聚；聚会
get up (使)起床；起身；筹办；准备；演出
get to 到达
注意：get around＝(美语)get round高考直击
(1)(2010·福建卷，30)We've just moved into a bigger house and there's a lot to do. Let's __________it.
A．keep up with B．do away with
C．get down to D．look forward to
解析：句意：我们刚刚搬进这大些的房子，还有许多工作要做，让我们干起来吧。考查动词短语的辨析。A项“跟上，赶上”；B项“使终止，废除”；C项“开始工作，开始认真干……”；D项“盼望着”。
答案：C(2)(2010·浙江卷，12)After that, he knew he could______any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.
A．get away with B．get on with
C．get through D．get across
解析：句意：那件事情以后他知道了只要尽他所能，他就能渡过任何危机情况。get away with“侥幸逃脱”；get on with“与……相处”；get through“完成；渡过；熬过”；get across“解释清楚，使人了解”。
答案：C(3)(2010·四川卷，8)Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man ________ and left.
A．took up B．got up
C．shut up D．set up
解析：句意：Jenny正在找座位；这时，很幸运的是，有一个人站起来走了。take up“占据，开始从事”；get up“起床，起身”；shut up“闭嘴”；set up“建立，创立”。
答案：B即学即用
When I was young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon________it.
A．got off B．got across
C．got around D．got over
答案：D2．in no time 立即；马上
The kids will be leaving home in no time.
孩子们很快就要离开家了。
注意：同义词汇和短语：soon, immediately, in a minute, at once, right now, right away, straight away知识拓展
at a time 一次；每一次(表示动作的频度，多用于一般现在时)
at one time 曾经；一度(说明过去的某一情况现在已不存在，多用于过去时态)
at times/from time to time 有时；偶尔
every time 每一次(说明动作的频度，多用于现在时)
for the first/last time 第一次/最后一次(在句中作状语)
all the time 总是；一直
once upon a time 曾经
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来ahead of time 提前
behind time 晚；迟
for the time being 暂时
in time 及时；迟早
on time 准时
链接：由time构成的常用句型。
It's time for sb. to do sth. 该某人做某事了。
It's the first/second...time＋(that)主语＋谓语(现在完成时态)＋其他 这是某人第一/二……次……。
It was the first/second...time＋(that)主语＋谓语(过去完成时态)＋其他 这是某人第一/二……次……。
该某人做某事了
①It's first time that he had seen a film.
这是他第一次看电影。②It's high time we went to school.
我们该去学校了。
高考直击
(2008·重庆)—Could we see each other at 3 o'clock this afternoon?
—Sorry, let's make it________time.
A．other's B．the other
C．another D．other
解析：本题主要考查不定代词的用法。another time意为“另外(一个)时间”。句意为：“——我们今天下午三点见面吧？”“——对不起，我们另外定个时间吧！”
答案：C即学即用
We'll succeed________because you are always working hard.
A．on time B．in time
C．at times D．at the time
答案：B3．under construction 在建设中
The bridge under construction is 300 meters long.
正在修建的那座桥有300米长。
知识拓展
under此时的含义是“(工作)在……中；正被……中”。
类似的词组还有：
under repair 在修理中
under contract 受合同约束
under investigation 在调查中
out from under 免于忧虑
under discussion 在讨论中
under sail 扬帆行驶即学即用
—You'll have to use the stairs. I'm sure that lift is out of order.
—Is it under________？
—Yes.
A．repair B．construction
C．control D．review
答案：A4．be worth 值得
知识拓展
①The film is worth seeing.
这部电影值得看。
②He said life wouldn't be worth living without friendship.
他说人生若没有友情就不值得活下去了。提示：
1)be worth后跟v.-ing形式。
2)如果说“很值得”，应说be well worth，而不能用very, very much或quite等修饰。
注意：英语中接doing，且主动形式表被动的词还有need, want和require。链接：
worthy的用法
①The teacher is worthy of respect.
这位老师值得尊敬。
②These old churches are worthy of being visited(＝worthy to be visited)．
这些古老的教堂值得参观。 一言辨异
The article is worth reading; that is to say, it is worthy of being read.
这篇文章值得一读，也就是说，读这篇文章是值得的。即学即用
Would you please make up a topic worth________in tomorrow's conference?
A．discussing B．to be discussed
C．to discussed D．being discussed
答案：A5．have...in common
知识拓展
1)have something in common(与……)有共同处，(和……)一样
have much/a lot in common 有许多相同之处
have nothing/little in common 没有共同之处
They have the same tutor, so they have many things/much in common.
他们同出一师，所以有许多共同之处。2)in common with... 和……一样
In common with her mother, she is good at singing and dancing.
和她妈妈一样，她擅长唱歌和跳舞。
3)in common 公有；共用
Mr. and Mrs. Smith own the store in common.
史密斯夫妇共有这家商店。高考直击
(浙江高考)Letterboxes are much more________in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
A．common B．normal
C．ordinary D．usual
解析：考查形容词近义词辨析。common是(几乎)所有人或事物为共同的，常见的，普通的；ordinary表示与一般事物的标准、品质、习俗相同，平凡而不特殊的；usual与过去的经验或习惯有关；normal正常的。
答案：A即学即用
________many other boys, he liked baseball.
A．In common B．In common with
C．In relation to D．With relation to
答案：B6．prefer...to...
prefer不可用more, most修饰。
Which of these hats do you prefer the most？(误)
Which of these hats do you like most？(正)
I prefer this more than that.(误)
I prefer this to that.或I like this more than that.(正)①While he was in the office, he preferred doing something to chatting.
他在办公室时，喜欢做一些事情而不喜欢聊天。
②I prefer to read rather than sit idle.
我宁愿读书而不愿意闲坐在那里。
③Do you want me to come tomorrow, or would you prefer that I come the day after tomorrow?
你要我明天来还是后天来？即学即用
(2009·海淀模拟)Rather than________on a crowded bus, he always prefers________a bicycle.
A．ride, ride B．riding; ride
C．ride; to ride D．to ride; riding
答案：C1．Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time.
只要挥一下手，出租车就会立刻来到。
这是一个“祈使句＋and＋简单句”的句型，simply是副词作状语，修饰raise your hand。and作为连词，连接前后两个句子构成并列句。该句型可以转化为：
If you raise your hand simply, a taxi will appear in no time.知识拓展
or(else)/otherwise也可以用于此句型中，引出一句子，表示相反的情况。
Work harder, or/otherwise you'll fail in the exam＝If you don't work hard, you'll fail in the exam.
再努力些，否则你在考试中会失败的。
有时为了使表达简洁，祈使句部分常用名词短语来表达。
①One more word, and I'll get angry with you.
再说，我就要生气了。②Another week, and the railway station will be completed.
再有一个星期，火车站就要完工了。高考直击
(2008·湖南)________the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A．Having searched B．To search
C．Searching D．Search
解析：考查祈使句。“祈使句＋and/or＋句子”为一固定结构。
答案：D即学即用
(四川高考)Start out right away, ________you'll miss the first train.
A．and B．but
C．or D．while
答案：C2．There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing, but they can get very crowded.
北京大约有两万多辆公交车和电车，但是，它们有时会很拥挤。
1)本句中使用了“get＋过去分词”结构。该结构可以表示被动，也可视为系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化过程。
get lost 迷路
got drunk 喝醉了酒
get started 行动起来
get engaged 订婚get divorced 离婚
get undressed 脱下衣服
get changed 换衣服
get shaved 刮脸；刮胡子……
注意：“become＋过去分词”有时也有被动的含义，强调动作的结果。
The Canadian climbers became trapped on the mountain last Tuesday.
上周二加拿大登山队员被困在山上了。高考直击
(2007·福建)Jenny hopes Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English________in a short period.
A．improved B．improving
C．to improve D．improve
解析：have在此处为使役动词，“使；让”，后接do/doing/done作宾补，improve与her written English之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词。
答案：A即学即用
Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you won't have time to________before the party.
A．get changed B．get change
C．get changing D．get to change
答案：A2)can
(1)本句中的can表示一时的情况，意为“有时会”，是理论上的推测，表此意时，用在肯定句中。
This job is quite exciting, but it can be dangerous at times.
这种工作非常刺激，但有时也会很危险。
(2)can表推测，还可用在疑问句及否定句中。
—There's the doorbell.
有人按门铃。
—Who can it be at this time of day?
这个时候会是谁呢？提示：
1)may/might也可表示推测，用于肯定句中，意为“可能”，但它表示实际上的可能性；如表示理论上的可能性，则用can。
—Whose pen is it？这是谁的钢笔？
—It may be his.可能是他的吧。
2)疑问句表示推测时，不可使用May.
那会是真的吗？
(×)May that be true?
(√)Can that be true?高考直击
(1)(2007·福建)My MP4 player isn't in my bag. Where________I have put it?
A．can B．must
C．should D．would
解析：本题考查情态动词。由句意“我的MP4 不在我包里。我可能把它放哪儿了？”可知应选A。can have done表示“过去可能做过”，用在疑问句或否定句中。而must have done“过去肯定做过”，只能用于肯定陈述句；should have done“本应该做(而事实上没做)”；would have done只能用于虚拟语气。
答案：A(2)(2009·北京)One of the few things you________say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A．need B．must
C．should D．can
解析：本题题意：英国人对于天气谈论很多，这是你可以很确定的少数事情之一。can表示“(有能力或能够发生)能；会”。例如：If there's one thing you can say about the French, it's that they know how to put on a good lunch. 如果法国有什么特别值得一提之处的话，那就是法国人最懂得如何安排一顿像样的午餐。
答案：D即学即用
(2006·湖南)Some aspects of a pilot's job________be boring, and pilots often________work at inconvenient hours.
A．can; have to B．may; can
C．have to; may D．ought to; must
答案：A3．It's a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour(6?30am—8?00 am and 5?00 pm—6?30pm)．最明智的做法是避免在高峰期(上午6?30—8?00，下午5?00—6?30)乘坐公交车和电车。
本句中使用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。除了不定式以外，还可以使用从句和名词结构。
下面句型习惯上使用it作形式主语：
1)It is a pity/a fact/a shame/an hour...等名词＋that从句
It is a pity that you didn't attend the meeting.
真遗憾你没有参加会议。2)It is natural/obvious/possible/unlikely/strange...等形容词＋that从句
It is strange that he didn't come to school.
真奇怪他没有来上学。
注意：有时在“It is necessary/important/suggested＋that从句”结构中，that从句中常用“should＋动词原形”形式来表示虚拟语气，其中should常可省去。3)It is known...; It is said...; It is hoped...; It is believed...等句型
It is said that our school football team has won.
据说我们学校足球队赢了比赛。
4)主语从句也可以用it作形式主语，wh-连接的句子作真实主语，放到句子后面。如：
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.
我们什么时候举行运动会仍然是个问题。高考直击
(1)(2010·陕西卷，18)It never occurred to me________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A．which B.what
C．that D．if
解析：句意：我从未想到你能成功说服他改变主意。It (never) occurred to me that ...是固定句型，其中it 是形式主语，that 是真正主语从句的引导词。
答案：C(2)(2010·全国卷Ⅱ，14)The doctor thought________would be good for you to have a holiday.
A．this B．that
C．one D．it
解析：句意：医生认为对你来说度假是有好处的。考查It作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正宾语。
答案：D即学即用
________is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A．As B．That
C．This D．It
答案：D课件49张PPT。1．sign n. 标记；符号；记号；征兆；迹象；征候
①He made a sign for me to follow him.
他向我示意跟着他(走)。
②The sign by the road says“No Parking”．
路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。
③There are no signs of life about the house.
这房子没有有人住的迹象。知识拓展
make a sign to 对……作暗号/打手势
show a sign of 出现……的样子或形迹；有……的征兆
sign away 签字让与；签字放弃
sign in 签到；把……的名字登记
sign off 结束写信辨析：sign与mark
sign与mark都含有“标记”；“征兆”的意思。
1)sign系常用词，指“具有一定含义的任何有形或无形的符号或标志，它可以表示实物、表情、动作、文字、语言及任何痕迹或征兆”。
There is a stop sign at an intersection.
在交叉路口处有停车标志。
2)mark指“为某一目的而有意作的标记”，也指“无意留下或自然形成的痕迹”。
Suffering left its mark on his face.
苦难的经历在他脸上留下了痕迹。高考直击
(2009·湖北)In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a________for everyone to stand up.
A．signal B．chance
C．mark D．measure
解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。singal“标志”；暗示的信号(物)；chance“机会”；mark“商标；分数”；measure“措施”。
答案：A即学即用
There are no________that there was a fight here.
A．mark B．signal
C．sign D．signs
答案：D2．instruct v. 教导；命令；通知
They haven't instructed us where to go.
他们还未指示我们到何处去。
知识拓展
instruct sb. in sth. 教授某人学某科目
instruct sb. about sth. 向某人下命令；指导
He instructs our class in physics.
他教我们班的物理课。知识拓展
1)instruction n．(对知识的)教授；传授；教导
In this course, students receive instruction in basic engineering.
在本课程中，学生能学到基础工程学的知识。
2)instructions n. 指示；命令；用法说明；操作指南
She had instructions to be home by midnight.
命令她午夜前必须回家。即学即用
You should read the________in the car repair manual(手册)carefully before you start to work on it.
A．instruction B．instructions
C．introduction D．explanations
答案：B3．blow v．(blew, blown)
1)吹；吹动
The wind has blown my hat off.
风把我的帽子刮走了。
2)吹奏；响起
The horn blew.
号角吹响了。
知识拓展
blow off 减轻；释放(压力)；放走
blow out(被一阵风)吹灭
blow over (一阵……)过去；(风波)平息高考直击
(2008·湖南)The trees________in the storm have been moved off the road.
A．being blown down B．blown down
C．blowing down D．to blow down
解析：考查过去分词作定语。blown down为过去分词修饰the trees. The trees blown down in the storm相当于The trees which were blown down in the storm.
答案：B4．react v. 反应
How did your mother react to the news?
你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎么样？
知识拓展
1)相关词：reaction n. 反应
2)同义词：respond v. 反应
3)固定搭配：react against 反抗；反对
react with发生化学反应
react to 对……作出反应
Your praise will react on your students.
你的表扬会影响到你的学生。即学即用
用(to/on/against填空)
(1)Plants react________light.
(2)Certain acids react________metals to cause chemical changes.
(3)They reacted strongly________the unreasonable rules.
答案：(1)to (2)on (3)against1．not just(only)．..but also...不但……而且……
Not only he but also you have read the book.
不但他而且你也读过这本书。
知识拓展
1)not only...but also...连接两个并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词形式按就近原则。
2)not only...but also...连接两个并列分句时，not only分句用部分倒装语序，but also分句用正常语序。
Not only are you wrong but also he is wrong.
不仅你错了，而且他也错了。注意：not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not...but...连接两个并列主语时，用法一样，谓语动词形式按就近原则。
Are either you or he going to Beijing tomorrow?
是你或他明天要去北京吗？辨析：as well as; not only...but also; rather than
as well as强调其前面的人或事物；
not only...but also强调but also之后的人或事物；
rather than表示“而非”，连接两个主语时动词要注意就近原则。
①He was sensible as well as kind.
他既善良又明智。
②He gave not only advice but also some books.
他不仅给我提了建议，而且还给了我一些书。③She rather than I am interested in the novel＝She, not I , is interested in the novel＝She instead of me is interested in the novel.
她对这部小说感兴趣，而我则不感兴趣。
高考直击
(2009·全国Ⅰ)The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only________， but students became more interested in the lessons.
A．saved was teachers' energy
B．was teachers' energy saved
C．teachers' energy was saved
D．was saved teachers' energy解析：句意为“计算机应用于教学。结果，不仅教师节省能量，而且学生对课程更感兴趣。”考查“not only...but also...”结构， not only放在句首作状语，句子需要部分倒装。not only 后句子倒装，but aslo后句子不倒装。
答案：B
即学即用
Not only________to us the importance of doing the work but they also told us the best way to do it.
A．did they explain
B．they explained
C．they explain
D．had they explained
答案：A2．as a result 结果是；作为结果
He had a road accident.As a result，he had to stay in hospital for a whole month.
他出了一次车祸，结果只得在医院里躺了整整一个月。
知识拓展
1)as a/the result of＝because of; owing to; thanks to由于……；作为……的结果
She died as a/the result of her injuries.
她由于受伤而死亡。2)result form因……而发生；随……产生
The accident resulted from his carelessness.
这场事故是由他的粗心引起的。
3)result in 造成；导致
His carelessness resulted in the accident.
他的粗心导致了这场事故。高考直击
(2009·全国Ⅱ)Jenny nearly missed the flight________doing too much shopping.
A．as a result of B．on top of
C．in front of D．in need of
解析：本题题意：由于购物过度，珍妮差一点错过了航班。as a/the result of表示“作为……的结果；因为……”。
答案：A即学即用
Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination.
A．to B．at
C．by D．as
答案：BThey should close the city centre to all traffic except buses and bikes, and build large car parks outside the town.
他们应该关闭中心的交通，只对公共汽车和自行车开放，并且在城外建立大型停车场。
except prep. used to introduce the only thing or person in a group about which a statement is not true 除……之外
①We know nothing about him except that he is from Australia.
对于他，我们除了知道他来自于澳大利亚外，其他的一无所知。
②We all went to have the picnic except Emma.
除了埃玛我们大家都去野炊了。辨析：besides, except, except for, except that
1)besides意为“除了……之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义，即表示“在……之外，还另有……”。
All of us passe the English exam besides Alice.
除了艾丽丝之外，我们大家也都通过了英语考试。(艾丽丝及格了，我们大家也及格了。)
2)except意为“除……之外(不包括本身在内)”，有否定和排除的含义，表示从整体中除去一部分，着重在“不包括”的含义上。
All of us passed the English exam except Alice.
除了艾丽丝之外，我们大家都通过了英语考试。(艾丽丝没有及格)3)besides和except必须是同类人或物相加减，在否定句中两者可互换。
John has no other electric trains except/besides this one.
除了这列电动火车外，约翰没有别的电动火车了。
4)except for没有项目类别的明显限制，强调整体与部分的局部关系。
The translation is well done except for a few small mistakes.
除了几处小错误之外，翻译练习做得很好。5)except that用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后接从句可以与except for互换。
Your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes.
＝Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.
你的文章很好，只是有几处拼写错误。一言辨异
We all went there except him last time. This time we'll all go besides him.
上次除了他没去外，我们都去了。这次除他去以外，我们也都去那里。
提示：
1)except/but作“除了”讲时，其前如果出现do的某种形式，其后用不带to的不定式，否则不定式符号to不不能省略。
①We had nothing to do except/but listen to MP3 to kill time.
我们无事可做，只好听MP3来消磨时间。②We have no choice except to read more books to make us learned.
我们除了多读书使我们有学识外，别无选择。
2)as well as作“除了”讲时，相当于besides，而apart from与besides和except可互换使用。即学即用
Some people choose jobs for other reasons________money these days.
A．for B．except
C．besides D．with
答案：C祈使句
1．定义
祈使句是英语的基本句型之一，表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等，往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思。
祈使句一般没有主语，实际上是省略了主语“you”。句末用感叹号或句号，用降调朗读。肯定结构都以动词原形开头。
①Catch the ball!
接球！(句子的意思是让“你”接球)②Go and ask the teacher.
去问问老师。(句子的意思是让“你”去问老师)
③Put the books in your bag.
把书放到书包里。
④Come and meet my family.
来看看我家人。2．句型
1)祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式：
(1)Do型(以行为动词原形开头)。
①Sit down！坐下！
②Stand up! 起立！
(2)Be型(以be开头)。
Be quiet!
安静！
(3)Let型(以let开头)。
Let me help you.
让我来帮助你。注意：三种句型Do型是最常见、最简单的一种结构。表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前或句末加上please，构成句式：Please...或．..please。从而使语气更加缓和或客气。
①Please stand up.或Stand up, please.
请站起来。
②Please have a rest.或Have a rest, please.请休息一下。2)祈使句的否定结构是以“Don't＋动词原形”开头。
Don't go there, please.
请别去那儿。
注意：Let's型祈使句，其否定式也可用Let's not...
①Let's not have a rest.
咱们别休息了。
②Let's not sit here!
我们不要坐在这儿！3)反意疑问形式如以下几种：
(1)当肯定祈使句表示请求语气时，用will you。
Open the door, will you?
打开门，好吗？
(2)当肯定祈使句表示征求某人意见或邀请语气时，用won't you。
Come to dinner with me, won't you?
与我一起吃饭，可以吗？
(3)否定祈使句用will you。
Don't open the window, will you?
不要开窗子，好吗？(4)Let's 开头的祈使句，用shall we。
Let's go shopping together, shall we?
我们一起去购物，好吗？
(5)Let us开头的祈使句，用will you。
Let us go swimming, Mum, will you?
妈妈，让我们去游泳，行吗？知识拓展
1)含let的祈使句。它们的结构是“Let'/Let sb.＋动词原形”。
①Let me have a try.
让我试一试。
②Let's go swimming.
让我们去游泳吧。辨析：let's与let us
(1)let's包括听话人，但let us不包括听话人在内。
Let's go home.我们回家吧。(说话人主动提议双方共同去做某事)
Let us go.让我们走吧。(请对方允许自己做某事，不包括听话人)(2)它们的反意疑问句形式不同。
Let's go to the cinema tonight, shall we?
Let us do it ourselves, will you?
2)带主语的祈使句
为了强调主语，指明向谁提出请求或命令，或大人对小孩说话，或表示说话人发怒、不高兴、急躁、厌烦等感彩时常使用带主语的祈使句。
①You come with me.
你跟我来。
②You mind your own business!
少管闲事！3)No＋名词或动名词(是日常生活中常见的警示语)
No photos! 禁止拍照！ No smoking! 禁止吸烟！
4)加强祈使句语气的方式：在谓语前加do。
①Do come here on time.
千万要按时来。
②Do be quiet!
务必保持安静！
高考直击
(1)(2010·四川卷，19)If you have a job, ________ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A．do devote B．don't devote
C．devoting D．not devoting
解析：句意：如果你有份工作，一定要全力以赴地去做，最终你就会成功的。if引导的应是条件状语从句，所填处应是完整的句子，应用动词原形构成祈使句，从而产生“祈使句＋and＋句子”的结构。由句意知，应是肯定式的祈使句。
答案：A(2)(2008·湖南)________the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A．Having searched B．To search
C．Searching D．Search
解析：考查祈使句。“祈使句＋and/or＋句子”为一固定结构。
答案：D课件49张PPT。1．occur vi. 发生；出现
The accident occurred at five o'clock.
事故发生在5点钟。
知识拓展
occur to 被想到；被想起
[译]他突然想起他没有锁门。
[误]He suddenly occurred that he hadn't locked the door.
[正]It suddenly occurred to him that he hadn't locked the door.
注意：因为occur意为“come to one's mind”，所以occur的主语通常为某事，只是为了保持句子的平衡，而将该主语用it来表示，后置的that-clause是真正的主语。辨析：happen, occur, take place
1)happen常用来表示“偶然；碰巧”，而且多指整个情况，这时不能用occur与take place代替。
How did the accident happen?
事故是如何发生的？
2)occur多用来指具体事情的发生，虽然也可指偶然性，但与happen相比程度较弱。
The accident occurred yesterday.
事故发生在昨天。
3)take place作“发生”解时，较为正式，不带有偶然之意，并经常用来指事先安排的事情。
When will the wedding take place?
婚礼将何时举行？链接：
occurrent adj. 正在发生的；偶然发生的
occurrence n. 发生；出现；事件；发生的事情高考直击
(2006·安徽)I________along the street looking for a place to park when the accident________.
A．went; was occurring
B．went; occurred
C．was going; occurred
D．was going; had occurred
解析：本题考查了一个重要句型be doing sth. when sth. happened结构，此处指过去某个动作发生时另一个动作发生了，从句要用过去时，所以选C。
答案：C即学即用
(2009·黄冈模拟)—Why are you so late?
—I was in half the way when it________to me that I had left my notebook home. So I had to fetch it.
A．occurred B．hit
C．happened D．reminded
答案：A2．mind n.
1)[U]回忆；记忆2)[U，C]意见；意向；想法；心意①So many men, so many minds.
各人有各人的想法。
②Maybe you'll think it over and change your mind.
也许你愿意好好想想并改变主意。
③Once he has made up his mind, nothing can be done to change his mind.
他一旦下定决心，就没有什么能使他改变主意。
④I had no mind to do as you told me.
我无意照你吩咐的去做。
⑤He offered me just what I dreamed about as if he could read my mind.
就像能看透我的心思一样，他给我提供的恰是我所需要的。vt. & vi.
1)留心；注意
When she was called to the phone, you should mind her kettle.
她去接电话的时候；你应该看好她的水壶。
2)介意；反对
①He doesn't mind the cold weather at all.
他对寒冷的天气一点也不在乎。
②Do you mind if I smoke?
我能吸烟吗？高考直击
(2008·辽宁)—My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you?
—________.
A．If you don't mind B．Not at all
C．Take it easy D．Nice to meet you
解析：考查交际用语。句意：——我的名字是Jonathan。要我给你拼出来吗？——你不介意的话，(就拼一下)。Not at all回答别人的道歉或感谢；Take it easy“别着急；沉住气；放松”；Nice to meet you是两人第一次相见时用语。
答案：A即学即用
He doesn't mind________.
A．being played jokes on
B．to be played jokes on
C．playing jokes on
D．being played jokes
答案：A3．point
1)n. (空间或时间的)一点；地点；(特定的)地方；时刻；情况；分数；得分
①This is the point at which the river divides.
这是河流的分岔点。
②Steve Jones is 15 points ahead.
史蒂夫·琼斯领先15分。知识拓展
at all points 在各方面；充分地
at the point of 靠近；将近……的时候
beside the point 离题；不中肯
keep to the point 扣住主题
to the point of 到……阶段(地步，程度)
to the point 切中主题；中肯的
The point is... 最重要的是……；问题是……
There is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义(用处)。高考直击
(2008·辽宁)I like Mr. Miner's speech; it was clear and________the point.
A．at B．on
C．to D．of
解析：to the point“中肯；切题”。
答案：C2)v. 指；指向
John leaned over her and pointed ahead.
约翰向她俯过身来，并且指向前方。
拓展
point to 指向；面几(远处的对象或目标)
point at 指着……(近处的对象或目标)
point...to/at 把……对着……
point out sth.(to sb.) (向某人)指出
point out that/wh-从句 指出说……
①She pointed to a house in the disetance.
她指向远处的一座房屋。②He pointed at the book he wanted.
他指着他想要的那本书。
③The hunter pointed his gun at the bear.
猎人把枪对准了那只熊。
④Please point out my mistakes if any.
如果有什么错误的话，请给我指出来。辨析：point, mark, score, grade, goal
1)point尤指比赛中的得分。
We won by 5 points.
我们赢了5分。
2)mark指考试中的得分，常用复数形式，也可以说a good mark(一个好分数)。
①The teacher gave me only 60 marks for my story.
老师仅给了我的故事60分。
②The score in the football game was 4 to 1.
那场足球比赛的比分是四比一。
③He always gets high grades in school.
他在学校总是得高分。高考直击
(2009·浙江)I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A．which B．where
C．how D．why
解析：考查从句。本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。先行词为point，在从句中充当地点状语，故用where引导。
答案：B即学即用
(2006·山东)We're just trying to reach a point________both sides will sit down together and talk.
A．where B．that
C．when D．which
答案：A4．afford vt.(常与can, could, be able to连用)
1)买得起
He can afford an apartment.
他买得起一套住房。
2)经受得住；承担得起
Can you afford ? 120 for the recorder?
你花得起120美元买这台录音机吗？
3)提供；给予
The transaction afforded him a good profit.
这笔买卖使他赚了一大笔钱。知识拓展
affordable adj. 买得起的
即学即用
I want to buy a car, but I can't________the money.
A．afforded B．afford to
C．afford D．affording
答案：C1．be famous for, be famous as
这一对短语都表示“以……而出名/著名”，但含义与用法有区别。试比较：
①He is famous for his great inventions.
因为他的伟大发明，他出名了。
②He is famous as a great inventor.
他作为一个伟大的发明家而出名。
③France is famous for its fine food and wine.
法国的美食和酒是出了名的。
④The town is famous as a wine-producing place.
这个镇是一个出名的产酒镇。注意：be well-known for和be well-known as的用法与上述两个短语基本相同。即学即用
Kaifeng is known________an ancient city.
A．for B．to
C．as D．be
答案：C2．be reduced by 被减少……
The temperature is reduced by 5℃.
温度被降低了5℃。
be reduced to 被减少到……
The temperature is reduced to 5℃.
温度被降低到5℃。知识拓展
1)reduce vt. 减少；缩小 反义词为increase
reduction n. 减少；缩小
2)reduce oneself into 陷入……地步
reduce to ashes 把……化为灰烬
be reduced to despair 陷入绝望辨析：reduce与decrease
1)reduce指“人为地减少、降低”。
reduce speed 减速
reduced adj. 减少的；简化的
2)decrease指“渐渐地减少”。
His temperature decreases.
他的烧退了。即学即用
Life in the city was hard and many people were reduced to________on the streets.
A．beg B．begged
C．begging D．being begged
答案：C1．The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.
伦敦市中心，司机们要花近50%的时间排队。这种状况如此严重，当地政府决定采取管制措施。
1)“where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues”。作非限制性定语从句。修饰先行词London。
2)本句中使用了became后接形容词这一系表结构。该用法是考试的一个热点。如：
The travelers became/got thirsty.
旅客们渴了。即学即用
(2004·天津)Happy birthday, Alice! So you have________twenty-one already!
A．become B．turned
C．grown D．passed
答案：B3)本句中还使用了so...that...结构引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以致于……”。
①I was so sleepy that I could hardly keep my eyes open.
我太困了，眼睛实在睁不开了。②She is so lovely a girl that all of us like her very much.
她那么可爱，我们都非常喜欢她。
高考直击
(2007·上海)Pop music is such an important part of society________it has even influenced our language.
A．as B．that
C．which D．where
解析：such...that“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；而such...as引导定语从句。空格后面的句子不缺少句子成分，所以不能用as。
答案：B即学即用
________about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A．So curious the couple was
B．So curious were the couple
C．How curious the couple were
D．The couple was such curious
答案：B2．What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.
而且，市中心的各家店铺也没有因为车辆变少影响生意。
even though连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”，也可以用even if来代替，但要与as if/though“好像”区别开来。
①I will try it, even though I may fail.
即使可能失败，我也要试一下。
②He treated the boy as if he were his own son.
他待这个小男孩就像他是自己的亲儿子一样。即学即用
(2009·南京金陵中学模拟)There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely，________she was an only child.
A．ever since B．now that
C．even though D．even as
答案：C3．What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.
并且，伦敦中心的商场即使在车辆较少的情况下也没失去多少生意。
1)what's more(＝besides)而且；另外(插入语)
①You are wrong, and what's more you know it.
你错了，并且是明知故犯。
②They're going to get married, and what's more they're setting up in business together.
他们就要结婚了，而且还要在一起做生意。链接：
what's worse 更糟糕的是
in addition 并且
besides 还有
He missed the last bus. What was worse, he had no money to take a taxi.
他没赶上最后一班公共汽车，更糟的是，他没有钱坐出租车。即学即用
Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, ________， she gets well paid for it.
A．sooner or later B．what's more
C．as a result D．more or less
答案：B2)even though＝even if 即使；纵使
Even though I have to sell my house, I'll keep my business going.
即使要卖掉我的房子，我还是要继续我的事业。
辨析：though, even though与even if
三者都可以引导让步状语从句。
1)though的意思是“虽然”，引出的从句说的是事实，用于句首时较庄重。
Though it seems to rain this morning, it has turned out to be a fine day.
尽管上午看上去要下雨，可是现在是大晴天。2)even if从句中含有强烈的假定性，而even though则多以从句的内容为前提。
①Even if he is poor, she loves him.(＝He may be poor, yet she loves him.)
即使他很穷，她还是爱他。
②Even though he is poor, she loves him.(＝He is poor, yet she loves him.)
即使他很穷，她还是爱他。高考直击
(1)(2010·安徽卷，29)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，________they have the interest.
A．wherever B．whenever
C．even if D．as if
解析：句意：这些工程师太忙了，以至于即使他们有兴趣，也没有时间参加户外活动。even if是“即使”的意思，符合句意。
答案：C(2)(2010·湖南卷，32)Tim is in good shape physically ________ he doesn't get much exercise.
A．if B．even though
C．unless D．as long as
解析：句意：即使Tim不大锻炼，他的体型也很好。even though即使，引导让步状语从句；as long as只要，引导条件状语从句。
答案：B即学即用
—Will you go to Tom's birthday party tomorrow?
—No, ________invited to.
A．if B．until
C．when D．even if
答案：D
