课件39张PPT。1．social adj. 社会的；社交的
①These problems are social rather than economic.
这些是社会问题，而不是经济问题。
②Her reasons for visiting were purely social.
她的访问理由纯粹是社交性的。
知识拓展
socially adv. 在社会上；社交上
socialism n. 社会主义
socialist n. & adj.社会主义者；社会主义的
society n. 社会；协会；社交界；交往2．introduce v. 介绍；引见；使相互认识；采用；实施；推行
知识拓展
1)introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
The headmaster introduced our new teachers to us.
校长把新教师们介绍给了我们。
2)introduce oneself 自我介绍
Let me introduce myself. My name is Melody Johnson.
让我自我介绍一下，我叫梅洛迪·约翰逊。3)introduce sth. to/into 把……引进……；使……传入……
Some Western cultures are introduced into our country.
很多西方文化传入中国。
4)introduce sb. to sth. 使某人初次尝试某物
Mother introduced me to the joys of learning.
妈妈让我初次尝到了学习的乐趣。
单词积累
introduction n. 介绍；采用；传入高考直击
(1)(2008·北京)It is worth considering what makes“covenience”foods so popular, and________better ones of your own.
A．introduces B．to introduce
C．introducing D．introduced
解析：本题句意为：值得考虑一下什么使得“方便”食品这么受人欢迎，并且介绍一下你自己比较喜欢的那些“食品”。and连接consider与introduce，故introduce也要用v.-ing形式作为worth的宾语使用。
答案：C(2)(2009·湖南)—The food here is nice enough.
—My friend ________ me a right place.
A．introduces B．introduced
C．had introduced D．was introducing
解析：本题考查动词的时态。这里用一般过去时表示过去发生的事实。句意为：我朋友还真给我找对了地方。从对食物的评价来看，introduce这一动作当然是已经发生，故用一般过去时。
答案：B3．match v.
1)般配；与……相配
It's difficult to match the color of old paint.
很难找到和旧画颜色相配的色彩。
2)(与……)相同；相似；相一致
Her fingerprints match those found at the scene of the crime.
她的指纹与犯罪现场的指纹相吻合。
3)match sb./sth.(to/with sb./sth.)相称(或相关)的人(或物)；将……配对
The aim of the competition is to match the quote to the person who said it.
比赛的要求是把引文和它的作者配在一起。4)与……相匹敌；和……不相上下
The teams were evenly matched.
各队的水平旗鼓相当。n.
1)[C]火柴
He struck the match twice, but it couldn't burn.
他擦了两次火柴，可是点不着。
2)[C]比赛；竞赛
They are playing an important match against Liverpool on Sunday.
星期天他们和利物浦队有一场重要比赛。
3)[sing.]敌手；旗鼓相当的人
He is John's match for bravery.
他与约翰勇气相当。4)[sing.]相配的人(或物)；般配的人(或物)
The napkins were a nice match for the tablecloth.
餐巾和桌布相配得很好。
知识拓展
match sb./sth. against/with sb./sth. 让……同……较量
find/meet one's match(in sb.) 遇到对手；棋逢对手高考直击
(2008·天津)Her shoes________her dress; they look very well together.
A．suit B．fit
C．compare D．match
解析：考查动词词义。句意：她的鞋子和衣服很配，它们搭配起来很好看。match“般配；与……相配”。fit指“大小尺寸吻合”；suit指“(衣服，颜色等)合身，相配”。
答案：D
即学即用
(2009·山西临汾模拟)What surprised us was that he________his shooting skill against the expert's.
A．matched B．fitted
C．showed D．made
答案：A4．communicate v.
1)交流(信息、消息、意见等)；沟通
We only communicate by E-mail.
我们只通过电子邮件进行交流。
2)传递；传达(想法、感情、思想等)
He was eager to communicate his ideas to the group.
他急于把想法传给小组。知识拓展
1)communication n. 传达；信息；通讯；通信
2)communicate with sb. 与某人联络
be in communication with 与……通讯；与……保持联系
注意：communication作“通讯；通信”解时，为不可数名词；作“信息”解时，为可数名词。
Radio is the only means of communication in remote areas.
边远地区唯一的通讯工具就是无线电。即学即用
Look at the drawings and read the observations, and then explain how the experiment was done and try to explain how the bees communicate directions________their partners.
A．with B．for
C．to D．of
答案：C1．not at all
这个短语有两个含义，要根据上下文来确定：
1)一点也不，等于not in the least，这时not和at all可以隔开，not放在助动词后，而at all放在句末。
I don't know him at all.我根本就不认识他。
—Are you hungry? 你饿了吗？
—Not at all. 一点也不饿。
2)用于回答thank you时，you're welcome和that's all right意思相同，意为“不用谢，别客气”。
—Thank you for your treatment! 谢谢你的款待！
—Not at all. 不客气。知识拓展
1)at all用在肯定句中起强调作用，带有一些感彩，相当于on earth，有时可以不翻译，也可以译作“到底；竟然”。
①What have you done at all?
你到底做了些什么？
②I'm surprised at his passing the examination at all.
我奇怪他竟然通过了考试。
2)not at all＝not in the least＝not a bit 一点也不；not a little＝very 非常高考直击
(1)(2008·江苏)—Do you mind if I record your lecture?
—________. Go ahead.
A．Never mind B．No way
C．Not at all D．No, you'd better not
解析：考查交际用语。句意：——我录下你的讲座你介意吗？——一点也不(介意)，你录吧。B、C与下文相矛盾；never mind句意“没有关系；不要紧”，相当于it doesn't matter.例如：“——We've missed the train！”“—Never mind, there'll be another in ten minutes.”而本题问句中的mind为“介意；在意”之意，故C为最佳答案。
答案：C(2)(2009·陕西)—Have you finished your first paper?
—________. Just half of it. How about you?
A. Not at all B. Not likely
C. Not a bit D. Not yet
解析：考查交际用语。Not at all“一点也不；根本不”；not likely“不可能”；not a bit“非常；很；极其”；not yet“还没有”。根据应答句中的just half of it可知此处D。
答案：D即学即用
(1)—Would you mind my smoking here?
—________.
A．Yes, please
B．No, not at all
C．No, I‘d rather you didn’t
D．Yes, do as you like(2)—So, Nancy, you had no difficulty finding your way here?
—________.
A．Yes, no difficulty at all
B．No, none at all
C．Yes, no problem
D．Nonsense
答案：(1)B (2)B
2．in the distance 在远处(但可以看到或听到)
We saw light in the distance.
我们看到远处有灯光。
知识拓展
1)at/from a distance 在远处/从不太近的地方
The detective followed him at a distance.
侦探远远的跟着他。
2)keep one's distance from sb./sth. 与某人/某物保持一定距离
3)distance n. 距离
distant adj. 远方的
distantly adv. 淡然地即学即用
All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the________they keep from someone they talk with.
A．distance B．scope
C．range D．boundary
答案：A1．Perhaps more than I think.也许比我想得要多。
more than的意义非常多，在许多情况下，它都失去了比较级的含义。
知识拓展
1)表数量：多于
There are more than 60,000 students in our school.
我们学校有6万多名学生。
2)不仅仅；远甚于；不只是
Hibernation is more than sleep. It is a deep sleep.
冬眠不仅仅是睡眠，它是一种深度睡眠。3)more than＝not only or very 不仅仅；不只；非常
Hearing the news, he was more than a little angry.
听了这个消息他非常生气。
4)more...than...与其说……不如……；肯定前者，否定后者。
Lu Bu was more brave than wise.
吕布有勇无谋。辨析：no more than/not more than
1)no more than：
(1)(表数量)仅仅；只有；强调“少”。
I have no more than 50 yuan in my pocket, so I can't lend any money to you.
我口袋里仅仅有50元钱，所以我不能借钱给你。
(2)仅仅；只是
Most of my classmates in college are still no more than small potatoes now, while our monitor is more than a famous professor, but he is also a young scientist of great achievements.我的大多数大学同学现在仍然只是个小人物，而我们的班长现在不仅是个著名教授，而且是个颇有成就的年轻科学家了。
(3)no＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than，表示对比较双方都否定，常译为：并不比……更……；和……一样不……。
My English is no better than his, so I can't help him.
我的英语并不比他好，所以我不能帮助他。2)not more than：
(1)(表数量)不超过；最多(客观地说明数量，不强调“少”)。
The boy who is fond of playing chess isn't more than 20 years old.
那个喜爱下棋的男孩最多20岁。
(2)not＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than，表示对比较双方程度的比较，不含否定意义，常译为：……不如……。
We are both good at English, but my English is not better than his.
我们都擅长英语，但我的英语不如他好。高考直击
(2009·浙江)It took ________ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.
A．other than B．more than
C．rather than D．less than
解析：考查短语辨析。根据后句“也需要脑力。”可知要建设节能房屋不仅仅(more than)需要建筑材料。
答案：B即学即用
(1)Americans eat________vegetable per person today as they did in 1910.
A．more than twice B．as twice as many
C．twice as many as D．more than twice as many
(2)—Goods imported from abroad are________those made in China.
—Yes, some of the goods made in China are of high quality.
A．not always better than
B．always as good asC．no better than
D．no longer better than
答案：(1)D (2)A
课件72张PPT。1．read v.
1)阅读；朗读(常与aloud, out, off连用)；识字
Reading aloud is sometimes easy for us to remember something.
大声朗读有时有助于我们记忆。
2)看懂
I can read French but I can't speak it.
我能看懂法文，但不会说。
3)写着；写成是……
The sign reads“No admittance”．
告示牌上写着“禁止入内”。4)猜测；揣摩
I don't really read his thoughts at present.
目前我真的猜不透他的想法。知识拓展
read on 接着读
read sth. out (尤指别人)大声读；朗读
read up 研读
read sth. over/through 认真通读；仔细核对
read between the lines 领悟隐含的意义；看出言外之意即学即用
There's a sign beside the road, ________“No admittance”．
A．which is read B．as is read
C．which reads D．as read
答案：C2．vary vi. 变化；变更；违反
Prices vary with the seasons.
物价随季节而变动。
知识拓展
1)vary的过去式和过去分词是varied。
2)同根词：variety n. 变化；多变(化)；various adj. 不同种类的；各种各样的
3)与vary有关的固定句型：
vary in sth. 在……方面不同(有差异)
vary with sth. 随着……变化
vary from...to.... 从……到……变化链接：
varied adj. 可变的；易变的
various adj. 不同的；许多的
提示：a variety of与varieties of意思相同，用法也相同，既可修饰不可数名词，又可修饰可数名词的复数。即学即用
He often has________reasons for being late.
A．a plenty of B．a variety of
C．a great deal of D．a large amount of
答案：B3．formal adj. 形式上的；正式的
She has a very formal manner.
她举止端庄。
知识拓展
1)反义词：informal adj. 非正式的；不讲究形式的
2)注意formal在不同语境中的不同意思：
a formal dinner/dance/meeting 正式的晚餐/舞会/会议
formal dress 礼服
a formal declaration of war 正式宣战4．trust vt.
1)信任；信赖
You might trust her to do the work.
你或许可以放心地托付她做这项工作。
2)希望；期望
You can't trust the buses to start on time.
你不能指望公共汽车准时出发。
3)托付；托交；把……委托给某人；常用于结构：
I can't trust her with my car.＝I can't trust my car to her.
我不能托她保管我的车。知识拓展
have trust in 对……信任
put no trust in 对……不信任
trusty adj. 可信任的；可依赖的
I have no trust in him.
我不信任他。即学即用
I believe what he said, but I don't________him.
A．trust B．believe
C．believe on D．trust in
答案：A5．deal n.
1)大量；很多
They spent a great deal of money.
他们花了大量的钱。
2)协议；指交易
We did a deal with the management on overtime.
我们与资方在加班问题上达成了一项协议。
v. (dealt, dealt)
1)(与with连用)对付；应付；解决；处理；涉及；关于
①How would you deal with an armed burglar?
遇到持有武器的盗贼，你将如何对付？②This book deals with the ancient history of China.
这本书讨论中国古代史。
2)(与with连用)与……有贸易往来；与……做买卖
I've dealt with this shop for 20 years.
我同这家商店做生意已经有20年了。知识拓展
a good deal 许多
call it a deal [俚]就这样决定；一言为定
do/make a deal(with) (与……)做成一笔交易；(与……)达成协议
That's a deal.
就这么办，一言为定。辨析：deal with与do with
1)deal with表示“处理；对待(人或事)”，常与how连用；作“与……交易”讲时，不可用于被动语态。
He knows well how to deal with children.
他很了解如何与孩子相处。
2)do with表示“处理；对待”，多与what连用。
The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class.
那位新老师不知应该如何对待班里的学生。高考直击
(2009·重庆)With the world changing fast, we have something new________with all by ourselves every day.
A．deal B．dealt
C．to deal D．dealing
解析：考查非谓语动词。因为逻辑上to deal和主语为主谓关系，因此本句用不定式作定语修饰something new。
答案：C即学即用
汉译英
(1)他已学会恰当地应对各种复杂的局面。
________________________________________________________________________
(2)我认为这个问题应尽快处理。
________________________________________________________________________
(3)这本书讨论中国古代的历史。
________________________________________________________________________(4)我们和那家商店已经来往十年了。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)He has learnt how to deal with varieties of compliated situations.
(2)I think this problem should be dealt with quickly.
(3)This book deals with the ancient history of China.
(4)We have dealt with that store for ten years.6．involve vt.
1)牵涉；拖累
There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.
有一起严重的事件涉及一群年轻人。
2)包括；涉及；需要
The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.
考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。
3)(involve sb. in sth./in doing sth.) 使参加；加入
Parents should involve themselves in their children's education.
父母应当参与孩子的教育。知识拓展
1)(构)involved adj. 有牵连的
involvement n. 参与；加入；插手
2)get/be/become involved in 包含在……；与……有关；被卷入；专心地(做)
involve sb. in sth. 把某人卷入某事之中
be involved with 涉及；关注即学即用
(2009·山东省实验中学模拟)Several officials________the matter.
A．involved B．involved in
C．were involved in D．were involved to
答案：C7．spread vt.
1)使伸展；使延伸
I spread my arms as far apart as I could.
我尽可能地将双臂伸展开。
2)张开；展开；摊开
Mom spread a new table-cloth on the table.
妈妈在桌上铺了一块新桌布。
3)撒；散布；传播；普及
She was told not to spread this secret around.
她被告知不要把这个秘密传出去。vi.
1)伸展；延伸；延长(～out)
A wide stretch of land spreads in front of us.
我们面前是一片广阔的土地。
2)传开；蔓延
The fire spread from the factory to the warehouse nearby.
火从工厂蔓延到了附近的仓库。
提示：spread表示“(消息、谣言、知识等的)传播”时，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。知识拓展
spread out 张开；伸开；铺开；扩大(张)；展开；伸长
spread over 遍布；覆盖
spread to 传到；波及；蔓延到
spread with 在……上面涂抹即学即用
The young man________his wet clothes on the grass to dry them in the sun.
A．hung B．opened
C．spread D．settled
答案：C8．conscious adj. 有意识的；有知觉的；了解的；察觉的
①He is hurt but still conscious.
他受了伤，不过仍然神志清醒。
②She was not conscious of his presence in the room.
她不晓得他在房间里。
知识拓展
1)be conscious of 意识到；觉察到
be conscious that 意识到；察觉到
2)consciously adv. 有意识地；自觉地
consciousness n. 意识；知觉辨析：conscious与aware
1)conscious表示内心所意识到的感觉。
①One may be conscious of fear, but not altogether aware of the danger which is going on about one.
人们可能会心感恐惧，但并不能全然觉察到周围将发生什么危险。
②One must be conscious of one's shortcomings.
人要有自知之明。
2)aware指感官上的知觉。
I'm quite aware of how you feel.
我很理解你的感觉。即学即用
I was not________that I had cut myself until I saw the blood all over my hand.
A．know B．awake
C．disturbed D．conscious
答案：D1．think of 考虑；思考
①We are thinking of going to France.
我们考虑到法国去。
②I think of it as impossible.
我认为这是不可能的。
③What do you think of it?
你认为这件事怎么样？知识拓展
think better of sb. 对某人有更高的评价
think highly of 看重；器重
think well of 认为……好
think little of 看轻；看不起
think poorly of 不放在眼里；轻视
think nothing of 轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起即学即用
完成句子
I'm thinking________where to spend my holiday.
答案：about2．on guard 警觉
on＋名词构成的词组，此处on表示处于某种状态或某个方位。
on board乘(船，飞机)，on call听候召唤，on duty值班，on fire着火，on foot步行，on guard在岗，on holiday 度假，on leave 休假，on sale 待售，on shore 在岸上，on time 准时，on the move 在进行中，on the other hand 另一方面，on the spot 当场，on the tip of one's tongue 快要说出口，on top of 在……的顶部，on watch 值班即学即用
单句改错
We are on a guard until we feel safe.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉a3．in respect 尊敬地
He took off his hat and bowed to the queen in respect.
他摘下帽子向王后尊敬地鞠了一躬。
知识拓展
1)“in＋抽象名词”结构表示某种状态或方式，经常在句子中作状语。如：
in surprise/silence/astonishment/excitement/anger 吃惊/默默/大吃一惊/兴奋/生气地
2)have/show respect for 对……表示尊敬
send/give one's respect to... 向……致候
give one's respects to... 代某人向……问好
Give my respects to your wife.
请代我向你太太问好。链接：respectable adj. 相当好的；值得尊敬的；高尚的；体面的
respective adj. 分别的；各自的
respectful adj. 恭敬的；尊敬的
respecting prep. 关于即学即用
The two friends said goodbye and went to their________homes.
A．single B．each
C．every D．respective
答案：D4．hold up
1)承受住；支撑住
She's holding up well under the pressure.
她承受住了压力。
2)举起；抬起
The boy held up his right hand to ask a question.
男孩举起右手想问一个问题。
3)延迟；阻碍
An accident is holding up traffic.
一场事故造成了交通阻塞。知识拓展
hold back 保留；抑制；自制
hold off 延迟；推迟；克服
hold out 维持；坚持
hold the line 别挂断电话
lose hold of 放弃
take/catch/get hold of sb./sth. 抓住；拿着
hold on 抓住……不放；依附；继续做某事；坚持；稍等(尤指不挂断电话以等待想找的人)高考直击
(2008·福建)________a moment and I will go to your rescue.
A．Go on B．Hold on
C．Move on D．Carry on
解析：本题考查了动词短语的辨析。句意为“坚持一会儿我马上救你。”hold on表示“稍等；(在困难中)坚持；别挂电话”；go on表示“继续”；move on表示“成长；改善”；carry on表示“继续做”。
答案：B即学即用
It's pity that the building of the new road has been________by bad weather.
A．held out B．held on
C．held to D．held up
答案：D5．give away 送掉；赠予；分发；错失(良机)；(不经意间)泄露秘密；背叛
We have invited a famous former students to give away the school prize.
我们已邀请一位知名的校友来颁发奖品。
知识拓展
give in 屈服；让步
give back 归还；报复
give up 放弃；停止；献出
give off 发出
give out 散发；颁发；宣布；用完高考直击
(2007·福建)The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was________on the radio yesterday.
A．turned out B．found out
C．given out D．carried out
解析：本题考查动词短语意义辨析，turn out“结果是；证明是”；find out“查明；发现；了解”；give out“分发；筋皮力尽；(消息等)发布；发表”；carry out“执行；实施”。由句意“市长要来我们学校参观的消息昨天在收音机上公布了。”可知应选give out。
答案：C即学即用
(2009·江苏启东模拟)He took pity on the people in the flooded areas and________his clothes and quilts to them.
A．gave away B．gave in
C．gave out D．gave up
答案：A1．When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do.
入乡随俗。
1)as＝in the way that，作“像；按照”解，引导方式状语从句。
Remember, you must do everything as I do.
记住，你们必须按我所做的去做。
2)When in Rome＝When you are in Rome知识拓展
在有些时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果谓语包含有系动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致或主语是it，常可省略从句的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是系动词be)。这些省略的时间、条件、让步状语从句常由when, while, once, before, till/until, whenever, if, unless, though引导。
①She is shy and doesn't speak until(she is)spoken to.
她很腼腆，你若不跟她说话她是不会开口的。
②Come and give me a hand if(it is)possible.
可能的话请来帮我个忙。③You can read it once again more slowly, using a dictionary when necessary.
你可以慢一点再读一遍，必要时可以查查字典。
④Though(he was)tired, he went on practising it.
虽然很疲劳，可他仍继续练习。高考直击
(2009·湖南)Every evening after dinner, if not ________ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A．being tired B．tiring
C．tired D．to be tired
解析：本题考查动词的过去分词用法。此处tired是过去分词，相当于if I am not tired from work；句意为：若非工作劳累，每天晚饭后，我都会花时间去遛狗。
答案：C即学即用
Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50% of the patients don't take drugs________directed.
A．like B．so
C．which D．as
答案：D2．Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.
虽然单词与句子十分重要，但我们并不只是用口语和书面语进行交流。
该句型是although引导的让步状语从句。
①Though/Although the boy came back to life, yet he remained weak.
虽然那男孩已苏醒过来，但是他的身体还是很虚弱。②Though/Although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful view through the window.
虽然我喜欢这座房子的外貌，但是真正促使我买下它的是从窗户往外可以看到美丽的景色。
注意：though/although不能与but同时使用，但是可以与yet，still这些词使用。
Though they may not succeed, yet they will still try.
尽管他们可能不会成功，但是他们仍会努力尝试。知识拓展
1)though除作连词外，还可作副词，一般放在句末，前面用逗号隔开。
I've a bit of headache. It's nothing serious, though.
我有点头痛，不过并不厉害。
2)though还可与even连用，也可换成even if。
I'll go to see you this evening even though I can stay only a few minutes.
今晚我一定去看你，即使我只能呆一会儿。辨析：although, thought与as
三者都可以引导让步状语从句，但有如下区别：
1)although置于句首，不用倒装语序。
2)though引导的从句可置于句首，也可在句末。
3)as引导让步状语从句时，通常用倒装语序。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却懂得很多。高考直击
(1)(2007·辽宁)We had to wait half an hour________we had already booked a table.
A．since B．although
C．until D．before
解析：句意为“尽管我们已经预定了饭桌，但我们不得不等上半个小时”。although“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
答案：B(2)(2009·湖南)________ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
A．Although B．As long as
C．If only D．As soon as
解析：本题考查连词的用法。Although在此引导让步性状语从句，与后文主句部分构成转折关系。句意为：虽然警察认为他是最有可能的嫌疑人，但是并没有直接证据，因而不能拘捕他。
答案：A即学即用
________， he ate nothing.
A．Hungry as he is
B．Hungry although he was
C．Hungry though he was
D．As he was hungry
答案：C3．Indeed, body positions are part of what we call“body language”．
事实上，身体姿势就是我们称为“身势语”的一部分。
what在这里是代词，有双重作用，既引导宾语从句又在宾语从句中作call的宾语，与body language一起构成复合宾语。知识拓展
what用作连接代词，此时，what表示“所……的(事)或所……的(人)”，相当于“the thing(s)that...; all that...; everything that...; the person that...”等，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句(不可引导同位语从句)；它本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
Leave it with me and I'll see what I can do.
把它留给我，我看看该怎么办。(what引导宾语从句，并作do的宾语)
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会上说的话使在座的每个人都很吃惊。
(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
What is the most important in life isn't money.
生活中最重要的不是钱。(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)
He is not what he used to be.他已不是从前的他了。
(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语)
辨析：what与that
what作代词相当于all that, everything that, the place that, the person等，不能引导定语从句。that引导定语从句。
①He did all(that)he could to help his mother.
他尽可能地帮他母亲。
②All(that)we need is a lot of time.
我们所需要的是充足的时间。高考直击
(1)(2010·天津卷，14)As a new graduate，he doesn't know________it takes to start a business here.
A．how B．what
C．when D．which
解析：句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道创业需要什么。it take sth. to do sth.花费……干某事。本题考查宾语从句，且从句中缺少take的宾语，故用what。
答案：B(2)(2010·北京卷，31)I want to be liked and loved for________I am inside.
A．who B．where
C．what D．how
解析：句意：我想叫人们因为我的内在本质而喜欢我爱我。此题考查宾语从句的用法。what 此处表示“……的内容/事情”，相当于“the thing that”。
答案：C(3)(2010·北京卷，33)________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A．Whether B．What
C．That D．How
解析：句意：一些人认为是缺陷的东西在另一些人眼里却是长处。此题考查主语从句的用法。what 此处表示“……的东西/事物”，相当于“the thing(s) that”，引导主语从句，在主语从句中作regared 的宾语。
答案：B(4)(2010·福建卷，35)We should respect food and think about the people who don't have __________we have here and treat food nicely.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whether
解析：考查名词性从句。第一个have是及物动词，需加宾语；第二个have也缺少宾语，因此用what引导宾语从句，同时也在从句中作宾语，what相当于anything that。
答案：C即学即用
________made the school proud was________more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A．What; because B．What; that
C．That; what D．That; because
答案：B4．So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive.
所以每一种文化都有了一种正规的方式来迎接陌生人，向他们表明我们并没有敌意。
1)句中to greet strangers是动词不定式作定语，修饰way。
2)way n．方式；手法；方法；可用于way to do sth.或way of doing sth.结构中。另外，way作先行词时，定语从句的关系词有三种形式，即that, in which或省略关系代词。①This is the best way to solve the problem.
这是解决问题的最佳途径。
②I don't like the way(that/in which)he behaves.
我不喜欢他的行为举止。即学即用
Can you tell me the way you think of________the problem?
A．working out B．to work out
C．work out D．to work
答案：B课件62张PPT。1．stare vi. & vt.
1)“盯；凝视”；常常与介词at连用，即：stare at sb./sth.，表示由于吃惊、害怕、羡慕或深思而张大眼睛、目不转睛地注视，这种注视可能有意无意地表现出无礼或粗鲁的态度。
Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.
克鲁索盯着脚印，内心充满恐惧。
2)“盯；凝视”；仅限于几个固定短语，如：stare sb. down(盯得某人不敢再对视下去)；stare sb. in the face(盯着某人的脸看)；stare sb. into silence(盯得某人不敢吭声)；stare sb. up and down(上下打量某人)。辨析：stare at, glare at与look at
1)glare vi. to look in an angry way“瞪眼”；“怒目而视”，表示由于生气而张大眼睛用强烈的目光看，凶狠地或恐吓地注视，强调敌对或威胁。通常也与介词at连用，相当于look at sb./sth. angrily。
Suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness.
突然他看见黑暗中两道强烈的目光向他射来。
2)look at是最普通的看，既没有吃惊、害怕、羡慕、无礼或粗鲁的态度，也没有凶狠或恐吓之意。
He looked at me and smiled.
他望着我微笑。即学即用
After a quick________at the patient the doctor rang for an ambulance.
A．glance B．glimpse
C．gaze D．stare
答案：A2．present
1)n.[C]礼物；目前
I want to give her a present. What do you think she'd like?
我想要给她一份礼物，你认为她会喜欢什么呢？
2)vt. 赠送；给予
The mayor presented the prizes in person.
市长亲自颁奖。
3)adj. 在场的；出席的(其反义词为absent)；现在的；目前的；当前的①A lot of students were present at the meeting.
很多学生出席了那个会议。
②I'm free at present.
我现在有空。
知识拓展
presence n. 在场；存在
presently adv. 不久
注意：当present用于make someone a present of something(意为“把某物作为礼物送给某人”)这一结构时，不能与gift换用。
I'll make you a present of the book since you like it very much.
你这么喜欢这本书就送给你吧。即学即用
The________were tired of his long and tiring speech.
A．present people B．presently people
C．people present D．people presently
答案：C3．request n.
1)要求；请求
She made a request for some water.
她请求给点水。
2)请求之事
We shall give your request our careful consideration.
我们将仔细考虑你的要求。
v．(郑重或正式)请求；要求；恳求；邀请
①Your presence is immediately requested.
敬请光临。②All I request of you is that you(should)be punctual.
我只要求你准时。
③Gentlemen are requested not to smoke.
先生们请勿吸烟。
知识拓展
on/upon request 一经要求
as requested 依照请求
in great request(＝much in request)
人们非常需要；大众非常喜爱
make(a)request for 请求；要求
request sth. from sb. 向某人要求某物即学即用
It's requested that he________to school.
A．to be sent B．be send
C．be sent D．send
答案：C4．serve vt. & vi.
1)vt. & vi. 为……工作；为……服务
Can I serve you in any way?
我能帮你的忙吗？
2)vt. & vi. 开板；上菜(常用被动结构)；供某人饭菜
①Dinner is served.
开饭了。
②Learn to serve at table.
学习端饭上菜。
3)vt. & vi. 任职；服役
He served as a naval officer during the war.
战争时期他在海军当军官。即学即用
The word“spahetti”brought back the memory of an evening when all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat________spaghetti for supper.
A．cooked B．served
C．got D．made
答案：B5．favour n．(＝favor)
1)帮助；好事；恩惠
I would never ask for any favours from her.
我再也不会请她帮任何忙了。
2)赞成；支持
The suggestion to close the road has found favour with local pepole.
封闭这条路的建议已经得到当地人的支持。知识拓展
1)favourable adj. 给人好印象的；肯定的；赞同的
favoured adj. 受到宠爱的；得到偏爱的；获得优惠的；大众喜爱的
favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的
favourer n. 宠爱者；支持者；赞成者
2)ask a favour of 请帮忙；请照顾
in favour of 赞成；支持；有利于
do sb. a favour(＝do a favour for sb.) 帮某人的忙；答应某人的请求；接济某人即学即用
Could you do me________favour and pick up Sam from school today?
A．the B．a
C．/ D．another
答案：B1．lift up (被)提起；举起；抬高；吊起
I lifted the lid of the box up and peered in.
我掀起箱盖往里看。
知识拓展
not lift/raise a finger/hand(to do sth.) 一点忙也不帮；油瓶倒了都不扶
lift off 发射；起飞；升空辨析：raise, rise与lift up
1)raise是及物动词，“使……上升”。
2)rise是不及物动词，“升起；上升；起立”。
①Prices have been raised up.
价格被提高了。
②Prices rose gradually.
价格逐渐地涨上去了。
3)lift up 举起；提起；使振奋；鼓舞
Lift it up to the table.
把它抬到桌子上。即学即用
(2009·北京东城模拟)When I told him to make an apology, he________his eyebrows and said, “Apologize? Why？”
A．held up B．put up
C．came up D．lifted up
答案：D2．take off
1)脱掉(衣服等)
2)突然急升；大受欢迎；极为成功
3)起飞
4)休假
5)突然离开
①Take your coat off and sit down.
把外套脱掉坐下吧。
②I forgot to take off my make-up last night.
昨天我忘了卸妆。③Sales of home cars have taken off recent years.
私家车的销售量近年来上升很快。
④I hear the business is really taking off.
我听说生意真的要兴隆了。
⑤The plane took off despite the fog.
尽管有雾飞机仍照常起飞。
⑥I'm taking Thursday off to do some New Year shopping.
我星期四休假去买一些新年礼物。
⑦He took off for the bus station at a run.
他匆忙向汽车站跑去。⑧Susan took off without saying goodbye.
苏珊没有道别就突然离开了。链接：
take after(在礼貌、行为等方面)与(某个长辈)想像
take apart 拆卸；拆开
take away 减去
take back 收回
take in 收容(养)；欺骗
take over 接管；接收
take up 从事；占据高考直击
(2009·安徽)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all________.
A．given away B．kept away
C．taken up D．used up
解析：考查了动词短语的辨析。句意为“我尽力想找一张供七个人用的桌子，但他们全部都被占了”。take up意为“占去；占用”；give away意为“赠送；泄露”；keep away意为“(使)远离”；use up意为“用完；用光”。
答案：C即学即用
To tell you the truth, you have________the chance of getting a good job this time.
A．thrown off B．taken off
C．thrown away D．given in
答案：C3．by accident 偶然；无意中
We met each other again completely by accident.
我们再次相遇，完全出于偶然。
知识拓展
have an accident 遭受意外
meet with an accident 遭不测；失事
without accident 平安无恙地
by chance 偶然地；意外地注意：deliberately adv. 故意地
on purpose 故意地
I came here on purpose to see you.
我特地来这里看你。
即学即用
Don't be angry with him; he seldom makes mistakes. He made it this time________.
A．by incident B．for no reasons
C．in common D．by accident
答案：D1．In France you should shake hands every time you say hello and goodbye.
在法国，每次见面与分手的时候都要握手。
1)should表示建议、劝告。
①We should wait for him for a while.
我们应该等他一会儿。
②You shouldn't write with a pencil in your paper.
你不应该用铅笔在试卷上写字。
2)every time“每次”，在此处用作连词，引导时间状语从句。知识拓展
类似的名词性从属连词还有：
each time 每次
the first time 第一次
next time 下次
the last time 上次
by the time 到……时候
the moment/minute/second 一……就……
①Every/Each time I saw him, I found him to be taller.
我每次遇见他，都觉得他又长高了。②The last/first time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.
我上次/第一次到中国时，游览了上海。
③Bring your little sister along next time you come here.
下次来这儿时，把你的小妹妹也带来。
高考直击
(2007·浙江)—My cat's really fat.
—You________have given her so much food.
A．wouldn't B．couldn't
C．shouldn't D．mustn't
解析：本题考查情态动词。句意为“我的猫真胖。”“你本不应该给它那么多食物。”shouldn't have done sth.“本不应该做某事(暗含实际上却做了)”。
答案：C即学即用
My parents never remember my phone number, and they always have to look it up________they call me.
A．every time B．for the time
C．at the time D．in a time
答案：A2．Mr. and Mrs. Harry Blunkett request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of their daughter Elizabeth Ann Blunkett to Mr. Jack Humphries, at St David's Church, Landrindod Wells on Saturday March 5th at 17?00, followed by a dinner dance at the Hotel Metropole.
哈里·布伦基特夫妇邀请你参加他们的女儿安·伊丽莎白·布伦基特与杰克·汉弗莱斯的婚礼。婚礼定于3月5号星期三在位于Landrindod Wells的圣·大卫教堂举行。婚礼过后在Metropole旅馆将有一个晚餐舞会。本句虽然很长，仍然是一个简单句。句中第二个of后的内容作wedding的定语，说明是谁的婚礼，followed by a dinner dance at the Hotel Metropole作wedding的非限制性定语。
其中company这里意思是“陪伴”的意思，而不是“公司”。固定搭配in company with sb.的意思是“和某人一起”。1．条件状语从句
常用的引导词有：if(如果，假如)，unless(除非，要不……就不)，as long as(只要)，so long as(只要)，provided(that)(只要)，suppose/supposing(假设)，on condition(that)(如果)等。
①I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time.
除非我能提前完成那个项目，否则我最近不会来看你了。(只有我提前完成了那个项目，我最近才会来看你。)
②We can surely attain our goal as long as we are united as one.只要我们拧成一股绳，肯定能实现我们的目标。
③What shall we do if we can not get the necessary data?
如果弄不到必要的数据，我们怎么办？
④They promised to let us have a meeting in their office on condition(that) we could keep it clean.
如果我们能保持清洁，他们答应让我们在他们的办公室开会。提示：
1)在表示条件的状语从句中，既可以用直接陈述语气作真实条件句，也可以用虚拟语气作非真实条件句。至于把句子当成哪一种条件句，要依照有关语法规则和表达意思的需要而定。
(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were)，而主句的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形。”
①If I were you, I should stay home.
我要是你，就呆在家里。②If he had time, he would attend the meeting.
如果他有空，就会参加会议。
(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”，而主句的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might＋have done。”如：
①If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.
你如果听从我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。
②If you had worked hard, you would have completed your work ahead of time.
你如果努力工作的话，就会提前完成任务了。(3)表示与将来事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were)，而主句的谓语动词用“were to/should/would＋动词原形。”
①If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
如果你明天来，我们会在开会。
②If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
如果明天下雨的话，会议就会被推迟。
(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
If you had gone shopping, you would be very tired.
你要是去买东西的话，就会很累。注意：如果省略掉if，则从句用倒装形式，助动词提前。
①Were I in school again, I would work harder.
要是我能再次上学的话，我会更加努力地学习。
②Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
你要是再早点到这儿，就能看到他了。
③Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.
要是明天开会的话，我就来。2)用unless引导条件状语从句时，要注意这个连词本身在意义上的否定的：unless＝if...not...因此，我们在逻辑上要注意英文句子的用法和中文句子的译法。特别是当主句是否定句时，逻辑上的意思就成了“否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况了。
①I will not go to their party unless I am invited.这个句子的实际意义等于：I will not go to their party if I am not invited.这就是说，“我不去参加聚会”的条件是“我没有受到邀请”。“不去”与“没有受到邀请”就构成了“否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况了。意为：假如他们不邀请我，我就不会参加他们的聚会。②He will finish the work in time unless something unexpected happens.
这个句子的实际意义为：He will finish the work in time if something unexpected does not happen.假如没有什么意外的事情发生，他将会按时完成他的工作的。2．让步状语从句
引导词：
though, although, as, even if, even though, whatever/no matter what, whenever/no matter when, wherever/no matter where, whoever/no matter who, whichever/no matter which, however/no matter how, no matter whether/if
①I had a good time although(though, even if, even though)I didn't know anybody at the party.
尽管在这次晚会上我谁也不认识，但我玩得很愉快。②Although he has a lot of money, yet(still)he is unhappy.
他虽然很有钱，但他却不幸福。
③I won't go to the party even though I am invited.
即使我被邀请，我也不去参加晚会。
④Whatever(No matter what)happens, we shall never lose hope.
无论发生什么，我们都不会失去信心。
⑤Whoever(No matter who)you are, you must obey the school regulations.
不管你是谁，都必须遵守校规。⑥Wherever(No matter where)you go, I would keep you company.
不管你到哪里，我都会陪伴你。
⑦Whichever book you like on my bookshelf, you may take and read it.
在我的书架上，无论你喜欢哪本书，你都可以拿去读。
注意：
1)英语中不允许在though或although从句后用but。如果要强调前后两个部分的对比意义，可以在主句前加上yet或still。
Though he is young, yet he knows a lot.
虽然他年轻，但是他知道很多。
2)as引导让步状语从句，用倒装语序。
Young as he is, he knows a lot.
虽然他年轻，但是他知道很多。3)当从句主语与主句主语一致，从句中谓语是be或者从句中主语是it，谓语是be的时候，可以将从句中的主语与be一起省略。
He didn't want to go there though(he was)invited.
虽然他受到过邀请，但是他不想去那儿。
高考直击
(1)(2010·全国卷Ⅰ，30)The little boy won't go to sleep ________ his mother tells him a story.
A．or B．unless
C．but D．whether
解析：句意：除非他妈妈讲故事，否则这个小男孩就不睡觉。unless作“除非……，如果不……”解，引导条件状语从句。
答案：B(2)(2010·山东卷，28)The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ________accompanied by an adult.
A．once B．when
C．if D．unless
解析：句意：学校规定任何孩子都不允许在白天走出校园，除非有大人陪同。考查连词。unless除非，符合句意。
答案：D(3)(2010·辽宁卷，31)I agree to his suggestion________the condition that he drops all charges.
A．by B．in
C．on D．to
解析：句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他降低费用。on condition that条件是……，引导条件状语从句。
答案：C(4)(2010·江西卷，22)—Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it? Well, that doesn't matter________you enjoyed yourselves.
A．as long as B．unless
C．as soon as D．though
解析：句意：“我们度假花了很多钱。”“是吗？只要你们玩的开心，那也没有关系了。”as long as只要；unless除非；as soon as一……就……；though尽管。此处as long as引导条件状语从句，符合句意。
答案：A(5)(2008·全国Ⅰ)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit________the season.
A．whatever B．wherever
C．whenever D．however
解析：本题题意：无论什么季节，律师都穿同一套制服。whatever表示“(无论做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么；不管什么”，相当于no matter what，引导让步状语从句。注意：状语从句省略了谓语动词is。
答案：A(6)(2008·重庆)All people, ________they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A．even if B．whether
C．no matter D．however
解析：本题主要考查连词的用法。句意为：“不论老少/贫富，自灾难以来，所有人都在尽最大努力营救受困者”。此处whether引导让步状语从句，意为“不论/管”。而even if“尽管/即使”表示的逻辑关系不对，no matter与however语法上不对。
答案：B(7)(2008·湖南)________the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A．If B．While
C．Because D．As
解析：考查连词。句意为：尽管因特网很有帮助，但我认为在上面花太多时间不是个好主意。while意为“尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句。
答案：B(8)(2009·重庆)Unsatisfied________with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.
A．though was he B．though he was
C．he was though D．was he though
解析：考查倒装句。though的倒装结构顺序为：adj./n.＋though＋be＋其它，故B正确。
答案：B课件40张PPT。1．population n. 人口；居民
What's the population of Mexico?
墨西哥的人口是多少？
Qingdao is a city with a population over 200 million.
青岛是一个有200多万人口的城市。
Most of the world's population have got enough to eat.
世界上大多数人已解决了温饱问题。
提示：population作主语时，如果指人口总数时谓语动词用单数形式；如果指人口的一部分时，谓语动词用复数形式。单词积累
populate v. 居住于
heavily populated 人口密集的
thinly populated 人口稀少的
2．live adj.
1)活的
We saw a real live tiger.
我们看见了一只活生生的老虎。
2)现场直播的；实况转播的；现场演出的
①It wasn't a recorded show; it was live.
那不是录播的节目，是实况转播。②The club has live music most nights.
这个俱乐部大多数晚上有现场演奏的音乐。
知识拓展
lively adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的
liveable(livable) adj. 适合居住的；有价值的
辨析：lively, alive，live与living
1)lively有“活泼的；快活的；生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”意思，而其他三个都有。
①Young children are usually lively.
小孩子们通常是活泼的。
②He told a very lively story.
他讲了一个生动的故事。2)alive, live, living都有“活的；有生命的”意思，与dead意思相反。但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用来指动物；alive, living不仅可作定语(alive只能置于名词后；living一般置于名词前，也可置于名词后)，也可以作表语。另外，live还有“现场直播”的意思。
①This is a live(＝living)fish.(＝This is a fish alive.)这是一条活鱼。(指动物且作定语时，三者均可用)
②Who's the greatest man alive(＝living man)？谁是当今最伟大的人物？(指人不能用live)
③The fish is still alive(＝living)．那条鱼还活着。(指动物且作表语时不能用live)3)living主要指在某个时候是活着的，而alive指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。而且，作主语补足语或宾语补足语时，只能用alive；作比喻义，如“活像……”“活生生的”等解时，要用living。
He is the living image of his father.(作比喻义，不用alive)
他活像他父亲。
4)只有living前加the时方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。
The living are more important to us than the dead.
活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。即学即用
—There will be a(n)________football match between China and Brazil on TV tonight.
—What time? I can't wait for it.
A．live B．living
C．lively D．alive
答案：A1．at the end of结束；最终；所剩无几；到……的尽头(或极限)
①I'm going to have a holiday at the end of the month.
月末我打算度假。
②They are at the end of their food supply.
他们储备的食物已消耗殆尽。知识拓展
no end 大量的
from beginning to end 从头到尾
come to an end 结束；最后，终于
make(both) ends meet 收支相抵
achieve/win/gain one's end 达到目的
end in sth. 以……为结尾；末端是……
end up 最终成为；最后处于
on end 竖着；直立着
put an end to 结束
bring sth. to an end 结束
All is well that ends well.[谚]结局好就一切都好。辨析：by the end，at the end of与in the end
1)by the end很少单独使用，后常接of短语，意为“到……结束的时候”，表示一段时间，因此句子多用完成时态，即过去完成时或将来完成时。
By the end of last term, we had learned all the texts.
上学期末我们已经学完了所有课文。
2)at the end of后既可接时间，也可接地点，意为“在……结尾；在……末端”。
At the end of the street, there's a shop.
在街道的尽头，有一家商店。3)in the end只能单独使用，后面不接of短语，意为“最后”，相当于finally或at last。
I found the lost book in the end.
最后我终于找到了我丢的那本书。
即学即用
(1)(2010·天津卷，11)Joining the firm as a clerk.he got rapid promotion，and________as a manager.
A．ended up B．dropped out
C．came back D．started off
答案：A 句意：作为一名秘书加入该公司，他得到了快速提升，最后当了经理。end up“以……结束”；drop out“缀学”；come back“回来”；start off“开始旅行，以……开始，迅速跑开”。根据句意，A项正确。(2)(2010·江西卷，26)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just________sweet dreams.
A．keep up with B．put up with
C．end up with D．catch up with
答案：C 句意：睡觉之前闻闻这些花，你就会进入甜美的梦乡。Keep up with跟上；put up with容忍；end up with以…结束；catch up with 赶上。根据句意，C项正确。2．add...to... 把……加到……
Will you add some salt to the soup?
请往汤里加点儿盐好吗？
知识拓展
1)add v. 加；增加；又说；补充说
He expressed his satisfaction with his travel in China, adding that he would come again.
他对中国之行表示满意，并补充说，他还会再来的。
2)add to 增添；增加；增进
The bad weather added to our difficulties.
恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。3)add up 加起来；总计
He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.
他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
4)add up to 加起来总共；总计为
All the figures add up to 1050.
这些数字总计是1050。辨析：add to与add...to...
(1)add to指“添加；增添”，其宾语多为困难、吹乐等抽象名词。
(2)add...to...指“把……加到……”，其宾语多为具体名词。
①Every failure one meets with adds to one's experience.
吃一堑，长一智。
②Please add some sugar to the water.
请往水里加些糖。即学即用
The headmaster expressed his satisfaction with our performance, ________that he had never seen such a good programme.
A．having added B．to add
C．adding D．added
答案：C1．Why do we clap? To show we like something, of course.
我们为什么要鼓掌？当然是为了表明我们喜欢某事物。
本句使用了一个省略回答，补充完整为：We clap to show we like something, of course.这常为一个命题点，有时不仅仅局限在不定式上，有可能还会有其他的动词形式，但是解题方法基本相同，即用还原法把它补充完整。
①—Why did you go there without my permission yesterday?
昨天你为什么没有经过我的允许就去那儿？
—To see my mother.
为的是看望我母亲。②—What made Mary so happy?
什么使玛丽如此高兴？
—Making great progress in the exam.
(她在)考试中取得了很大的进步。即学即用
—What will the land be used for?
—________
A．To plant young trees.
B．Young trees will be planted.
C．They will plant young trees.
D．Planting young trees.
答案：D2．But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are.
但是我们不会在一个电视节目或一本书的最后鼓掌，不管它们有多么好。
本句中使用了由however引导的让步状语从句，注意其语序，即however＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语。命题通常会考查其语序及它与whatever引导的从句的区别。
①However tall you are, you can't reach the apples in the tree.
无论你有多高，你也不可能够着树上的苹果。②We mainly see what you have done, however much you have said.
无论你说了多少，我们主要还是看你做了什么。
即学即用
He tried his best to solve the problem，________difficult it was.
A．however B．no matter
C．whatever D．although
答案：A3．The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people, half the adult male pouplation of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.
剧院非常大，它能容纳14 000人，占这个城市成年男子数的一半，同时这也意味着观众会制造大量的噪音。
本句中使用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句，表示补充说明。该从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作附加说明。如果去掉，主句仍然表达明确、完整的概念。它和主句之间往往用逗号分开。①Mr. Smith, who came to see us yesterday, is a relation of my wife.
史密斯先生是我妻子的一个亲戚，昨天他来看望我们了。
②They are coming back to us, which means that they have been refused elsewhere.
他们回来找我们了，那意味着他们已在别的地方被拒绝了。高考直击
(2010·四川卷，10)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision.
A．that B．which
C．when D．where
解析：句意：大学毕业以后，我抽出了一点时间去旅游，后来证明这是个明智的决定。句中所填处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，不可用that；且在从句中作主语，不可用when和where。
答案：B即学即用
There were dirty marks on her trousers________she had wiped her hands.
A．where B．which
C．when D．that
答案：A4．The important thing was to make the noise together, to add one's own small handclap to others.
最重要的是将噪音聚在一起，将某个人的小掌声加给其他人。
本句中使用不定式作表语，对主语的内容进行解释说明。
①To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
②Our aim is to study well in the shortest possible time.
我们的目标是在尽可能短的时间内把学习搞好。知识拓展
1)在半系动词seem, appear, look, prove, remain后接形容词、地点副词或名词时，还可在其前加上to be，意义不变。
She seems to be free.
她看起来很清闲。
2)当主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句出现do或do的变化式时，在主句中作表语的不定式结构常省略to。
All she seems to do is(to) chat online.
她要做的好像就是上网聊天。3)不定式作表语还可表示对将来的安排、打算。
I'm to get there at 6?00.
我打算六点到那里。
4)表示必须干某事，意同must或have to，语气较重。
She is to answer for all this.
她必须对这一切负责。即学即用
The only thing for you to do is________it.
A．to peel B．peel
C．peeling D．A or B
答案：D5．But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.
但是有一些人们鼓掌的场合国与国之间是不同的。
on which people clap change from one country to another是由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
当关系代词作介词宾语时，通常把介词提到关系代词前。
①There is a small house, in front of which lies a river.
有一座房子，它前面有一条河。
②He is a great man, from whom you can learn a lot.
他是一位伟大的人，从他那里你能学到很多东西。注意：在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指人时用whom，指物时用which。高考直击
(2008·湖南)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，________are beyond our control.
A．most of them B．most of which
C．most of what D．most of that
解析：考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句，故只能选B。其中先行词为factors。句意为：植物的生长速度受多种因素影响，其中大多数超出了我们的控制范围。
答案：B即学即用
(2009·东北三校模拟)He was educated in the local high school, ________he went on to Beijing university.
A．after which B．after that
C．in which D．in that
答案：A
