课件24张PPT。1．invent v.
1)发明；创造
Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
2)虚构；杜撰
The whole story was invented.
整个故事是虚构的。知识拓展
1)invention n. 发明[U]；发明物[C]
The telephone is a wonderful invention.
电话是一件很奇特的发明。
2)inventor n. 发明家；发明人辨析：discover与invent
这组词都有“发现”；“发明创造”的意思。其区别为：
1)discover有两层意思：
(1)发现(某地、某事)；指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的东西。
People finally discovered that the world is round.
最终人们发现地球是圆的。
(2)认识到；发觉(某事物)；了解到
We discovered that our luggage had been stolen.
我们发觉行李被偷了。2)invent指发明原来不存在的东西，有时也可指“虚构”；“捏造”。
The gunpowder was invented in China nine hundred years ago.
中国人900年前发明了火药。
即学即用
The person who________the telephone changed the world.
A．discovered B．found
C．finds D．invented
答案：D2．force n．力；力量；力气；暴力；武力；(法律；方法的)效力；压力 forces 军队；部队；vt. 强迫；迫使
We shouldn't go against the forces of nature.
我们不能违背自然的力量。知识拓展
the force of character 人格的力量
the armed forces of a country 一国之武装部队
by force 凭借武力；强迫地
come/go into force 开始生效
put...into force 使……生效；实施法律等
(be)in force 实施中
force sb. to do/sb. be forced to do 迫使某人干……/某人被迫干……
force sth. on... 把……强加于……
force sb. into doing(＝force sb. to do) 强迫某人干……
force one's way through/into 强行通过/进入①Marx was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.
由于政治原因，马克思被迫离开了祖国。
②You should not force your opinion on others.
你不应该把自己的见解强加给别人。
③The boss forced his workers into working day and night.
老板迫使他的工人日日夜夜地工作。④They forced the door open.(＝The door was forced open.)
他们用力打开了门。
⑤They forced their way through/into the crowd.
他们强行穿过/进入人群。
高考直击
(1)(2007·福建)—You are always full of________. Can you tell me the secret?
—Taking plenty of exercise every day.
A．power B．strength
C．force D．energy
解析：be full of energy“充满活力”。
答案：D(2)(2009·江西)The government plans to bring in new laws ________ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing
C. to be forced D. having forced
解析：考查了现在分词作定语。law与force是主动关系，并且不强调动作的完成。故应用doing形式。
答案：B即学即用
He is always full of________.
A．energy B．force
C．power D．energetic
答案：A3．process n.
1)[U][C]过程；经过
the process of development 发展的过程
2)[C]制法；程序；处置
the process of making cake 做蛋糕的程序知识拓展
1)in process 在进行中
Changes are in process.
正在发生变化。
2)in(the)process of... 在……过程中
The machine is in(the)process of repair.
那部机器正在修理中。即学即用
The experiment is in________process.
A．a B．the
C．an D．/
答案：D4．physical adj. 身体的；物理的
We are going to have a physical examination in the hospital next week.
我们将于下周在医院进行体检。
知识拓展
-al是形容词的后缀，类似的还有：
national 国家的；民族的
natural 天然的；自然的
chemical 化学的
historical 历史的
biological 生物的提示：即学即用
用physics的相关词填空
(1)Einstein won Nobel Prize for________(物理)．
(2)He is our teacher of________(物理)．
(3)His father is a________in a hospital.
(4)Newton is a great________.
(5)The change of temperature can cause________changes as well as chemical changes.
答案：(1)physics (2)physics (3)physician (4)physicist (5)physical课件53张PPT。1．leading adj. 最重要的；最成功的
She was offered the leading role in the new TV series.
她应邀在那部新的电视连续剧中担任主角。
知识拓展
1)同义词：chief; prime
2)lead to 导致；通向
All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
He passed Tom and took the lead.
他超过了汤姆取得了领先地位。高考直击
(2007·浙江)We finally believe that war never settles anything. It only________viloence.
A．runs into B．comes from
C．leads to D．begins with
解析：短语辨析。lead to “导致”；run into “突然……”；come from “来自……”；begin with “以……开始”。
答案：C即学即用
(2009·大连模拟)They found the place with the boy________the way.
A．lead B．led
C．leading D．to lead
答案：C2．figure n.
1)人像；画像
The central figure in the painting is the artist's daughter.
画中间的那个人是画家的女儿。
2)外形；轮廓；隐约的人影
I could see a tall figure near the door.
我可以看见门附近有一个高大的人影。
3)体态
What a fine figure of a man!
一个身材多好的男人！4)名流；名人
He is a great figure in history.
他是历史上的伟大人物。
5)数字
Write the number in words and in figures.
用文字和阿拉伯数字写出这个数。
知识拓展
1)figure sth. in将某物包括在内；计算在内
Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday?
你把咱们度假的食物费用计算进去了吗？
2)figure sth./sb. out 理解某人/某事物；弄明白；演算出；计算出
I've never been able to figure him out.
我一直不能理解他。高考直击
(2008·湖北)The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to________its reality.
A．make up B．figure out
C．look through D．put off
解析：考查动词短语意义辨析。make up“编造；组成”；figure out“弄明白；弄清楚”；look through“浏览”；put off“推迟”。根据句意“当前形势非常复杂，因此我认为要弄明白实际情况要花费一段时间。”可知figure out正确。
答案：B即学即用
The twins resemble very much in appearance. We couldn't________them out.
A．figure B．carry
C．spot D．turn
答案：A3．species n．(植物或动物的)种；种类或类型
①There are more than 250 species of shark.
鲨鱼有250多种。
②No species of performing artist is as self-critical as a dancer.
所有艺术家的类型中，没有像舞蹈家那样严格地自我要求了。
注意：species单复数同形。即学即用
蛇有许多种：______________________。
答案：There are many species of snake(s)．4．type n.
1)类型；种类
It is the first car of its type to have this design feature.
这是同类型汽车中首部具备这种设计特点的汽车。
2)典型；具有某种特征的人
He's not the type to be unfaithful.
他不是背信弃义的人。3)文字；字体；活字
The type is too small for me to read.
这种印刷文字太小，我看不清。
v. 打字；打印
How fast can you type?
你打字有多快？
辨析：kind, sort与type
1)kind特指性质相同，且有极相似特征的东西，比较笼统、模糊；而sort指大体相似的东西，它们常通用；type指“型；类型”等，比较具体和肯定。
①What kind of tree is this?
这是哪一种树？
②What sort of book do you want?
你想要本什么样的书？
③I saw a new type of car in front of his house.
我在他的房前看见一辆新型的小汽车。2)在非正式文体中，sort of和kind of也可用于听起来不那么肯定，较为模糊的词组和句子。可与名词、动词、形容词连用。在美国英语中，更多使用kind of。
即学即用
The boss told his secretary that he had some papers______.
A．typing B．to type
C．to be typed D．typed
答案：C5．develop
1)vt. & vi. 发展；(使)发育；(使)发达
She believes that sports can develop mind and body.
她相信运动有益于身心发展。
develop one's English speaking skills
培养英语会话技巧
2)vt. 开发(土地，资源，新产品)
We need to develop solar energy even further.
我们必须更进一步地开发太阳能。3)vt. 慢慢养成(习惯)；培养(兴趣，嗜好等)；患(病)
He developed an interest in music.
他培养出了对音乐的兴趣。
4)vt. 冲洗(照片)
Photographers return and the photos are quickly developed.
摄影记者回来后，很快把照片冲洗好了。知识拓展
development n. 发展
develop into 发展成为
a developing country 发展中国家
a developed country 发达国家高考直击
(2006·湖北)One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to________healthy eating habits.
A．grow B．develop
C．increase D．raise
解析：grow“种植；生长”；increase“增加”；raise“抬高；提升”；develop“形成；开发”。句意为“人们保持健康的最好方式之一就是养成健康的饮食习惯”。
答案：B即学即用
根据汉语提示完成句子
(1)Advanced computers________(被研制)to improve the research work.
(2)I________(养成)the habit of watching TV over lunch.
(3)The city has________(发展成为)the center of tourism.
(4)Now China is a________(发展中)country, while Japan is a________(发达)country.
(5)When can the photos________(冲洗出来)?答案：(1)were developed (2)developed (3)developed into (4)developing, developed (5)be developed
6．replace vt.
1)放回原处
Replace the magazines after reading.杂志阅览后请放回原处。
2)取代；代替
George replaced Edward as captain.
乔治接任爱德华当队长。
3)(常与with, by连用)用……代替
It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。知识拓展
1)replaceable adj. 可替换的；可代替的
replacement n. 替换；更换；替代品
2)in place of 替代
take the place of 代替
instead of 代替
①You can use milk in place of cream in the recipe.
这道食谱可以用牛奶代替奶油。
②Computers have taken the place of typewriters in most offices.
在大多数办公室中，电脑已经取代了打字机。即学即用
Owen was________by Beckham during the half time.
A．removed B．replaced
C．supported D．reduced
答案：B7．quantity n. 数量 quality n. 质量；品质；特性
The changes of quantity cause the changes of quality.
(Marx)量变引起质量变。高考直击
(2005·山东)With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth________each year.
A．is washing away
B．is being washed away
C．are washing away
D．are being washed away
解析：句意为“森林正在被毁，大量的好土地正在被冲走。”故应用 现在进行时的被动结构。句子的主语是“quantities of＋不可数名词”时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
答案：D即学即用
汉译英
(1)质量往往比数量更重要。
________________________________________________________________________
(2)在德国世界杯期间，大量外国球迷涌进德国。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)Quality often matters more than quantity.
(2)When the World Cup was being held in Germany, a large quantity of/large quantities of foreign football fans flooded this country.8．search
1)n. 搜寻；常与for搭配。
The search for the missing men was given up.
搜寻失踪者的行动已经放弃了。提示：
(1)如果search前有定冠词the或形容词性物主代词，则名词search后的介词常用for，常用搭配为in one's search for。
(2)in search of为一固定词组，意为“去找……”。
He went in search of a doctor for his sick wife.
他去为他生病的妻子寻找一位医生。
2)v. 搜查；在……中搜寻
search sb./sp. 搜查某人(身体)/某地
The police searched the thief but found no weapon on him.
警察搜查小偷的身上，发现他并没有带武器。即学即用
The Customs(海关人员)were________drugs when I came through the airport. They________everybody's luggage for them, and they________the man in front of me from head to foot.
A．searching for; searched; searched for
B．searching; searched; searched
C．searching for; searched; searched
D．searching; searched for; searched
答案：Cbring up
1)抚养；养育(raise)；教养
They were brought up to respect the old.
他们从小就被教导尊敬老人。
2)呕吐
She caught a cold and felt very sick. After a while, she brought up her lunch.
她感冒了，感觉特别难受，过了一会儿，她把午饭吐出来了。3)提出(话题等)
Bring up the suggestion at the meeting.
请把此议案在会议上提出来。
4)调出；使显示在屏幕上
Click with the right mouse button to bring up a new menu.
单击鼠标右键，调出另一个新菜单。知识拓展
bring forth 生产；生(孩子)
bring forward 把……提前；提出
bring out 生产；制造；使显露
bring back 回忆；使返回；归还；带回来；恢复；还原
bring down 使倒下；减低；降低；使崩溃
bring in 获利；赚；求援；介绍；引进；推广；吸收；参加注意：grow up意为“成长；长大”；和主语是主谓关系，而bring up意为“抚养；养大”；与主语是动宾关系。
一言辨异
Tom grew_up on a small farm and was brought up by his uncle.
汤姆在一家小农场长大，是由叔叔抚养大的。高考直击
(2007·江苏)—Do you think that housing price will keep________in the years to come?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A．lifting up B．going up
C．bringing up D．growing up
解析：A项“举起”；B项“上升；上涨”；C项“抚养；呕吐”；D项“成长”。由句意可知，此处表示“价格上升”。
答案：B即学即用
(2009·福州模拟)An excellent solution was________at the meeting held yesterday.
A．come up B．brought up
C．put up D．made up
答案：B1．In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
在水稻种植领域，中国的科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
1)本句中Yuan Longping作the Chinese scientist的同位语。同位语用来对名词(或代词)作进一步解释。它可以是单词、短语或从句。
2)rice-growing“种植水稻的”，“名词＋v.-ing”构成复合形容词，用作定语。
The tiger is a meat-eating animal.
老虎是肉食动物。即学即用
单项选择
Many students signed up for the________race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
A．800-meter-long B．800-meters-long
C．800 meters long D．800 meters length
答案：A2．He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
to have more rice and to produce it more quickly是不定式短语，在句中做表语。
①My task is to take good care of you.
我的任务就是照顾好你。
②His aim is to get the first place.
他的目标是拿第一。注意：在现代英语中，做表语的不定式符号to往往省略，特别当句中含有do的某种形式时。
The first thing for you to do is(to) clean it and peel it.
你需要做的第一件事就是把它洗净，削皮。
1)the key to... ……的关键
其中to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词或动名词，类似的用法还有：
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the key to the door 门的钥匙
notes to the text 课本注释
an end to the meeting 会议的结束
the entrance to the building 大厦的入口2)feed v. 喂养；养活；饲养
feed...on...“用……喂……”；feed后接喂养对象，on后接食物。此时亦可用feed...with...“把……喂给……”；feed...to...; feed后接喂的东西，to后接喂养对象。即学即用
(1)—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key________the problem is to meet the demand________by the customers.
A．to solving; making B．to solving; made
C．to solve; making D．to solve; made
(2)He________the dog________a big bone.
A．feed; with B．fed; on
C．feeded; with D．fed; to
答案：(1)B (2)B3．As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's.
由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。
1)as a result of是介词短语，其中的冠词a也可用the，后接名词或动名词，表示“由于……的原因”。
类似短语还有because of, owing to, due to, on account of等。
As a/the result of the war, hundreds of Iraq children lost their lives.
由于战争的原因，许多伊拉克儿童失去了生命。知识拓展
as a result“结果；因此”；单独使用作连接性状语，起承上启下的作用。
I was caught in the rain last night. As a result, I've had a bad cold.
昨晚我让雨淋了，因此患了重感冒。2)by(表程度)相差
①In Britain, sales of cigarettes have been reduced by 30% in the last ten years.
在过去的十年里，英国的香烟销售量降低了30%。
②As a result of the dam, the river will rise by 30 metres.
由于大坝的建造，河面将升高30米。
即学即用
(1)My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ________he could neither eat nor sleep.
A．as a result B．after all
C．any way D．otherwise
(2)As a result of the use of the new technology, the production of this product________50 percent.
A．has risen to B．has been raised to
C．has risen by D．has been risen by
答案：(1)A (2)C4．In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country.
在巴基斯坦，水稻是继小麦之后第二重要的作物，该国将许多地方种植(水稻)。
本句是一单句，主语是rice，后接两个谓语，即is和will be grown，在前半部分中，使用了the second most important crop，即“the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词”，表示“第几……”。有时候the可换成不定式冠词，表示“再，又”。即学即用
Hainan is a very large island. It's the second________island in China.
A．large B．larger
C．largest D．most large
答案：C课件52张PPT。1．award n. [C]奖；奖品；奖金；奖学金 vt. 授予；给予；判给；裁定
①She was awarded the first prize.
她被授予了一等奖。
②The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire.
法官判给在火灾中受伤的人一大笔钱。辨析：
1)award与reward
re-＝back“回”，故reward指某人因做了好事或有益的事而得到“回报”。a-是ad-(＝to)的变体，故award指give sth. to sb.。
award后接双宾语：award sb. a medal授予某人奖章；reward不接双宾语：reward sb. for sth. 因……奖赏某人；reward sb. with 用……酬劳某人2)prize, reward与award
这三个词都有“奖品；奖金”的意思，但略有不同。prize, award指因成绩贡献而由政府或组织颁发的奖或奖金；而reward则指因给他人提供服务或帮助而得到的赏金。
即学即用
Martin Luther King was________the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for advocating nonviolence in the movement for civil rights.
A．awarded B．rewarded
C．paid D．accepted
答案：A2．equal adj.
1)相同的；相等的；同等的；同样的
①Cut the cake into 6 equal pieces.
把蛋糕等分成六块。
②Mary is quite equal to Bill in brains.
玛丽跟比尔一样聪明。
2)(能力，力气)胜任的
Bill is quite equal to(the job of)running the office.
比尔的能力足以管理这个部门n. 同等的人
①I am not Mary's equal/the equal of Mary in beauty.
我不及玛丽漂亮。
②He feels that they are his equals.
他觉得他们和他地位相等。高考直击
(2008·浙江)Running a company is not________a matter of hiring people. They also need to be trained.
A．simply B．partly
C．seriously D．equally
解析：考查副词。句意：开一家公司不是简单的雇人的事情，也需要培训这些人。simply“仅仅；简单的”；partly“部分地”；seriously“认真地；严重地”；equally“平等的；相等的”。
答案：A即学即用
They asked to be treated equal________other people in all ways.
A．as B．with
C．to D．like
答案：C3．measure n.
1)量度；量度器
The rules is a foot measure.
这尺是英尺量度器。
2)(常复数measures)措施；办法
If he refuses to pay I shall take measures against him.
如果他拒绝付钱，我就会想办法对付他。v.
1)度量(大小、长短等)
2)仔细考虑(结果)
She works hard and doesn't measure the cost to her health.
她奋力工作置自己的健康于不顾。
即学即用
When his wish was realized, his joy knew no________.
A．measures B．the measure
C．measure D．a measure
答案：C4．graduate v.
1)大学毕业；获得学位
Only thirty students graduated in Chinese last year.
去年只有三十名学生获得了汉语学士学位。
2)(from)毕业(尤指中学)
Martha graduated from high school two years ago.
马莎两年前高中毕业。
3)逐渐发展(或变化、进展、上升)
She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in a movie.
她最近从一个舞蹈演员逐步地过渡到电影里扮演小角色。知识拓展
graduation n. 毕业
graduate from... 从……毕业
辨析：finish与graduate
1)finish是“完成；结束”之意，可指中学学业，也可指大学学业。
When do you finish your college course?
你什么时候大学毕业？
2)graduate是“(大学)毕业”之意。
He has just graduated from Oxford.
他刚刚从牛津大学毕业。即学即用
He will have learned English for eight years by the time he________from the university next year.
A．will graduate B．will have graduated
C．graduates D．is to graduate
答案：C5．case n.
1)事例；病例
2)特殊情况；事例；实情
3)案件
①There are five cases of high fever.
有5个发高烧的病人。
②Such being the case, you can't go away.
既然情况如此，你就不能离开。
③What a difficult case I must have been to this young teacher!
对于这位年轻的教师来说，我该是个多么难教的学生啊！知识拓展
in any case 无论如何；总之
in case 万一；以防
in case of 要是；如果；万一
①In any case, you'll have to be at the station by nine.
无论如何，你九点钟得到车站。
②In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.
如遇大火，即按警铃。
③Take warm clothes in case that the weather is cold.
带些暖和衣服，以防天气变冷。高考直击
(2007·天津)________fire, all exits must be kept clear.
A．In place of B．Instead of
C．In case of D．In spite of
解析：考查介词短语的用法。句意为“万一发生火灾，所有的出口必须保持畅通无阻”。A项意为“代替”；B项意为“而不是；代替”；C项意为“万一；以防”；D项意为“尽管”。
答案：C即学即用
(2009·厦门模拟)It might rain tomorrow, ________we'll have to put off the sports meeting until next week.
A．in that case B．if possible
C．in which case D．in case
答案：C1．be known for 因为……而著名；其后常跟表示人或物的特点、特长等方面的词语。
The islands are known for their hospitality.
岛上的居民以好客闻名。知识拓展
1)be known as意为“作为……而著名；以……而著称”，其后常跟表示身份、职业的名词。
She was well known as an excellent dancer.
她被称为一位杰出的舞蹈家。
2)be known to意为“……为某人所知”。
The beggar is known to everybody in the neighbourhood.
住在这个地区的人都知道这个乞丐。
高考直击
(2007·全国Ⅱ)Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his________one.
A．better-known B．well-known
C．best-known D．most-known
解析：well-known的比较级和最高级分别为better-known和best-known。根据句意比较范围是他写的所有的歌“all the songs”，判断应用最高级。
答案：C即学即用
Beijing is very known________the world________its beautiful scenery________an old and great city in China.
A．to; as; for B．for; to; as
C．for; as; to D．to; for; as
答案：D2．earn one's living 谋生
He earned his living by teaching.
他以教书谋生。
知识拓展
1)同义短语：make a(one's)living 谋生
2)earn可以加双宾语earn sb. sth. “为某人赢得某物”
3)earn money＝make money 挣钱(注意make money不是“造钱”)即学即用
单句改错
These peasants earn their livings by growing flowers.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：livings改为living3．come to(into)power (开始)掌权；上台
When did the labour government come into power?
工党政府什么时候执政的？知识拓展
1)同义短语：come into office 就职
2)come into＋n. 表示进入某种状态。注意记忆类似短语：
come into notice 引起注意
come into operation 开始工作/运转；生效
come into service 投入使用
3)take power 取得政权
in power 当权；执政
out of/beyond one's power 不能胜任；力所不及即学即用
It has been eight years since George. W. Bush________.
A．has come to power
B．came to power
C．has been in power
D．in power
答案：B1．被动语态
当谓语表示一个动作时，若主语是动作的执行者，谓语要用主动语态；若主语为动作的承受者，谓语就要用被动语态。试比较：
①We finished the work this morning.
今天上午我们完成了这项工作。(主动语态)
②The work was finished(by us)this morning.
这项工作今天上午(由我们)完成了。(被动语态)
被动语态是由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。由助动词be来表示时态，由及物动词的过去分词来表示语态。2．被动语态的用法
1)不清楚或没有必要说明动作的执行者时，一般都要使用被动语态。
Your dictionary was found by the garden.
你的词典在花园旁边找到了。
2)以动作的承受者为谈话的中心(一般要接带by的介词短语)时，一般都要使用被动语态。
His kite is being mended by Uncle Wang.
他的风筝正在被王叔叔修理。3．主动语态变为被动语态应注意的事项
1)主动语态在变为被动语态时，时态要保持一致，但谓语用单数或复数则由变化后的主语的数来确定。
They saw his daughter at the station.→His daughter was seen by them at the station.
他们在车站看到了他女儿。
2)不及物动词没有被动语态，常见的有come, go, fall, happen, last, arrive, die等。
自1978年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。【误】My hometown has been taken place great changes since 1978.
【正】Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1978.
3)有些动词有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，其中一个宾语变为主语后，另一个宾语仍保留在谓语之后。
The old man was given only a piece of bread for supper.
这位老人仅被给了一块面包当作晚饭。4)动词短语变为被动语态时，短语中的介词和副词不能省略。
The young man was sent away last month.
那个小伙子上个月被解雇了。
5)feel, have, hear, make, see, watch, listen to等动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这些动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式仍需带to(let通常不用于被动语态)。
He is made to finish his homework tonight.
他被强迫今晚做完作业。4．主动语态表示被动意义
英语中，有许多句子的主动语态可以表示被动意义，这些主动句一般都用表示物的词作主语。常见的有以下几种情况：
1)有许多动词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。
The food tastes delicious.
这食物尝起来味道很鲜美。2)及物动词need, want等词之后接动名词表示被动意义，它可以转化为表示被动的动词不定式结构。
The rooms want tidying.＝The rooms want to be tidied.
这些房间需要整理。
3)有些形容词之后的不定式用主动语态也可以表示被动意义。
The work is easy for me to do.
这项工作对我来说很容易做。
4)当动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，其主动形式表示被动意义。
I have some questions to ask.我有一些问题要问。5)在“疑问词what/which/whom＋不定式”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
①I really don't know what to do next.
我真的不知道下一步该干什么。
②She will tell you which to choose.
她将告诉你选哪个。6)有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词是一些表示主语的特征、性质的不及物动词，如sell, wash, wear, shut, open, read, write, cut, end, begin等。连系动词look, feel, taste, smell, sound等，也是用主动形式表示被动意义，但后面要接形容词作表语，不能接副词。
The cloth looks good and washes well.
这种布料美观易洗。
5．有些动词形式上是被动的，但含义却是主动的。
①He was dressed in a policeman's clothes at that time.
他当时穿着警服。
②He was drunk at the dinner party.
他在宴会上喝醉了。
③The girl was lost in the forest.
这女孩在森林中迷路了。
④My uncle has been engaged in the study of cotton growing for 20 years.
我叔叔从事棉花生产研究已经20年了。⑤The boy was seated on a chair.
那男孩坐在一把椅子上。
⑥They are hidden behind the trees.
他们藏在树后。
⑦The soldiers were stationed on the top of the mountain.
士兵们驻扎在了山顶上。by＋doing的用法
by...表示“以某种方式进行”，引导的成分作为方式状语。
①I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep.
我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。
②She earned money by writing.
她通过写作赚钱。高考直击
(1)(2010·天津卷，10)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting________at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A．are exhibiting B．is exhibiting
C．are being exhibited D．is being exhibited
解析：句意：像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术在2010年上海世博会的文化展上展出。考查了现在进行时的被动语态。 艺术品是被展出，且主语为复数arts，故C项正确。
答案：C(2)(2010·福建卷，28)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they __________before leaving their hometowns.
A．promised B．were promised
C．have promised D．have been promised
解析：考查时态与语态。由every year这一时间状语确定了需用现在时态，排除A、B两项；jobs后紧跟了定语从句，they指代前文中的farmers，与promise构成逻辑关系，由此可知D项正确。
答案：D(3)(2010·北京卷，22)In the spoken English of some areas in the US. the “r” sounds at the end of the words________.
A．are dropped B．drop
C．are being dropped D．have dropped
解析：句意：在美国一些地区的口语中，单词最后的“r”音被省略了。此题考查被动语态的用法，故BD两项首先被排除，又因为整个语境表示的是一般现在时态，故C项错误。
答案：A(4)(2010·湖南卷，24)This coastal area ________ a national wildlife reserve last year.
A．was named B．named
C．is named D．names
解析：句意：这个沿海地区去年被命名为国家野生动物保护区。考查一般过去时的被语态。该地区是被命名，且时间状语为last year，故A项正确。
答案：A(5)(2010·陕西卷，24)It is reported that many a new house________at present in the disaster area.
A．are being built B．were being built
C．was being built D．is being built
解析：句意：据报导，现在许多新房屋正在灾区兴建。由at present 可知本句要用现在进行时态，而当“many a＋可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，尽管含有复数意义。
答案：D(6)(2010·全国卷Ⅱ，15)Linda, make sure the tables________before the guests arrive.
A．be set B．set
C．are set D．are setting
解析：句意：林达，你要确保客人到来之前摆好餐桌。考查被动语态。餐桌应该是被放好。
答案：C(7)(2010·江西卷，32)There were many talented actors out there just waiting________.
A．to discover B．to be discovered
C．discovered D．being discovered
解析：句意：在那儿有许多有才华的演员等着被发现。to be discovered为不定式作目的状语。
答案：B课件46张PPT。1．advanced adj.
1)进步的；高深的
He is spending a year in advanced studies.
他正花一年的时间做高深的研究。
2)超新的；先进的(思想生活方式等)
Most people find her advanced ideas difficult to accept.
大多数人都觉得她的先进思想难以接受。知识拓展
1)advance v．/n.
2)advanced in years 年老的
3)in advance 提前；事先即学即用
英译汉
The launch of Chang'e 1 satellite to the moon was a big advance in the space exploration for our country.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：嫦娥一号探月卫星的成功发射，大大推动了我国太空事业的发展。2．explode v.
1)爆炸；爆破；爆裂
Bombs were exploding all around the city.
城里到处都响起炸弹的爆炸声。
2)勃然大怒；大发雷霆；突然发生
“Of course there's something！”Jim exploded.
“当然有问题！”吉姆大怒道。
3)突然爆发
We all exploded into wild laughter.
我们一下子都大笑起来。4)突增；激增
The population level in this area has exploded during the past 12 years.
在过去的十二年中这一地区的人口一直在剧增。知识拓展
explosion n. 爆发；发出；爆炸
exploded adj. 分解的
gas explosion 气爆；瓦斯爆炸
knowledge explosion 知识激情(爆炸)
unexploded adj. 未爆炸的；未发射的；装着炸药的
explosive adj. 爆炸性(的)；爆发(性)的；暴露的即学即用
Helen________with anger when she saw a fly in her soup.
A．exploded B．explained
C．expressed D．said
答案：A3．official n．官员；公务员；行政人员 adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的；官式的；官僚的
government officials 政府官员
make an official statement 发表正式声明
He is in his official uniform.
他穿着制服。辨析：official与officer
officer常指身着特定制服的官员(如军官，警官)
official常指政府官员；行政官员。
My father is an officer in the army, while his father is an official.
我爸爸是部队上的军官，而他的爸爸是政府官员。
即学即用
单词拼写
The country's o________language is English.
答案：official4．clear vi.(烟雾)消散；adj. 清澈的；透明的；晴朗的；无云雾的
The weather has cleared up.
天放晴了。
the clear water of a mountain lake 山上清澈的湖水
clear glass 透明的玻璃
a clear sky 晴朗的天空知识拓展
clear off 离去；迅速地离开某地
clear out 离开；逃走；彻底清理
clear up 解释；使明了；整理；(天)放晴
即学即用
It's time your toys were________.
A．cleared away B．cleared off
C．cleared up D．cleared in
答案：A1．escape from (从……处)逃脱
He escaped punishment/being punished.
他逃脱了惩罚。知识拓展
1)同义短语：get away from
2)常用短语：escape sth./doing sth. 避免/免除
escape sb./sth. 被遗忘；未被注意
have an escape 逃走
have one's escape cut off 被切断逃路
make(good)one's escape (顺利)逃脱
narrow escape 九死一生；幸免于难
escape from oneself 忘忧
辨析：escape与avoid
1)escape指脱离或避开即将来临或近在眼前的伤害，危险，灾祸等事物，常作借喻用。
He finally escaped death.
他终于脱离死亡。
2)avoid强调有意识地躲避不愉快的或可能发生危险的事物或情况。
I cannot avoid meeting her.
我怎么也避不开她。即学即用
He narrowly escaped________.
A．to be killed B．being killed
C．be killed D．killing
答案：B2．be at war with 与……交战
Now the two countries are at war with each other.
现在这两个国家正在交战。知识拓展
go to war 宣战；进入战争时态
a civil/cold war 内战/冷战
make/declare war on... 对……宣战
win a war 赢得战争
be at peace 处于和平
live in peace 生活宁静
make peace with 与……讲和即学即用
The two countries used to be________， but now they are________.
A．at war; in peace B．at war; at peace
C．in peace; at war D．in war; in peace
答案：A3．keep...doing 让……一直干……
Don't keep the water running all the time. Turn it off.
不要让水老是不停地流，把它关上。知识拓展
1)同义短语：have...doing 使某人做某事
2)常用短语：keep/stop/prevent...from doing 阻止某人做某事(stop与prevent短语中from可以省略，意思不变；但keep短语中不可省略)
keep doing sth. 一直做某事(强调动作的延续)
keep on doing sth. 反复做某事(强调动作的反复)即学即用
(2009·厦门模拟)He kept the light in his room________the whole night.
A．burnt B．burning
C．burn D．to burn
答案：B1．The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
箭管被绑在一根长长的棍子上，以便保持火箭的直线飞行。
本句中使用了一个非常重要的介词in与direction搭配，表示“朝……的方向”。这在考试中经常被考查，而学生最易误用的介词是to，所以需引起各位同学的注意。①They hit a truck coming in the opposite direction.
他们撞上一辆迎面开来的卡车。
②Tom went off in the direction of the post office.
汤姆朝邮局方向去了。
③When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions.
警察赶到后，人群便向四面八方散开了。
即学即用
On hearing the sound, the birds flew away________.
A．in every way
B．to every direction
C．to all direction
D．in every direction
答案：D2．The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke.
火箭被点燃后，随着一声巨响，现场升起滚滚浓烟。
1)There is a pen, two rules in the box.
盒子里一支钢笔和两把尺子。
2)There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate.
校门口有两个男孩和一个老师。即学即用
There________two dogs, a cat and three pigs living together happily.
A．are B．is
C．was D．used to
答案：A3．Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themslves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.
不久蒙古人学会了自己如何制造火箭，并且可能由此把它们介绍到了欧洲。1)how to make rockets是“疑问句＋动词不定式”作宾语这一结构，除作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语。
①I don't know what to do now.
我不知道现在该做什么。
②When and where to build the factory hasn't been decided yet.
何时何地建这个工厂还没有决定。
③The question is how to start it.
问题是这件事该怎么开始呢。
2)It is possible that... 可能……。
it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句。
It is possible that he will come.
他可能来。高考直击
(2010·辽宁卷，34)—It's no use having ideas only.
—Don't worry. Peter can show you to turn an idea into an act.
A．how B．who
C．what D．where
解析：句意：—只有主意没用。—不要担心，彼得会教给你怎样把主意变为行动。本题考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，根据句意，A项正确。
答案：A即学即用
(1)I've worked with children before, so I knew what________in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expecting D．expects
(2)We were told that the headmaster was________to leave our school.
A．probable B．possible
C．likely D．probably
答案：(1)B (2)C4．But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.
但是并不是所有的人都想把火箭用到战争中。
not everybody并不是全部否定，表示部分否定。
Not everybody passed the examination.
＝Somebody didn't pass the examination.
并不是所有的人都通过了考试。辨析：I don't want either of them.＝I want neither of them.
两者我都不要。
I don't want both of them. 两者我不都要。
I want none of the three. 三者我都不要。
I don't want all of the three. 三者我不都要。链接：
英语中有些副词如always, necessarily, wholly等在句中作状语，若句中含有not，则本句话为部分否定，而非全部否定。
①The rich men are not always happy.
有钱的人并非都幸福。
②Food that looks good doesn't necessarily taste good.
好看的食物并不一定好吃。高考直击
(2007·重庆)Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly________left in the house.
A．anything B．everything
C．nothing D．something
解析：句意为“吉姆卖掉了他的大部分东西 ，几乎没有任何东西剩下”。hardly为否定副词，所以要用anything。
答案：A即学即用
I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with________.
A．everything B．anything
C．something D．nothing
答案：A5．Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut?
还是被带到了太空，成为世界上第一位宇航员呢？
本句中使用了现在分词becoming作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.＝Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay.
他们的车遇上了交通阻塞，因而(把时间给)耽误了。即学即用
The thief stole the light away, thus________the staircase even darker.
A．make B．making
C．made D．to make
答案：B
