课件19张PPT。1．compare (v.)
1)～A and B|～A with/to B 比较；对比
It is interesting to compare their situation and/with ours.
把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
2)～with/to sb/sth.与……类似(或相似)
This school compares with the best in the country.
这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。
3)～A to B 表明……与……相似；将……比作……
A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.
教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。【知识拓展】
1)compare notes(with sb)(与……)交换看法(或意见等)
He is now comparing notes with his co-workers about the job.
他现在就工作问题与同事交换意见。
2)beyond/without/past compare 无与伦比；举世无双
She is lovely beyond compare.
她真是可爱得无与伦比。
3)compared to/with 与……相比(在句中担任状语)
Compared with/to our parents, we are indeed very fortunate.
与我们的父辈相比，我们确实很幸运。【词语辨析】
compare, contrast
这两个动词均含“比较”之意。
1)compare侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。
Compare this with that, and you will see which is better.
将这个与那个比较一下，你就会知道哪个比较好了。
2)contrast指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。
Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别。【知识运用】
(1)(2009重庆-25) Michael's new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one.
A．comparing B．compares
C．to compare D．compared
答案：D 本题题意：与旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子看起来就像是一座大宫殿。compared to/with表示“与……相比”，在句中担任状语。(2)(原创)When________prices, one has to take into consideration the quality of the goods.
A．compared
B．being compared
C．comparing
D．having compared
答案：C 本题题意：衡量价格时，也应该考虑商品的质量问题。本题考查状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：When one compares prices，...(3)(原创)________to other methods of training currently being used, taking courses over the Internet is cost-effective and flexible.
A．Compare B．When comparing
C．Comparing D．When compared
答案：D 本题题意：与目前使用的其它培训方法相比，通过互联网上课是既省钱又灵活。本题考查状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：When it is compared to to other methods of training currently being used，...2．range (n.)
1)[C, usually sing.]～(of sth)一系列
There is a full range of activities for children.
这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
2)[C, usually sing.](变动或浮动的)范围，界线，区域
Several cars are available within this price range.
在这个价格范围内，有好几种汽车可供选购。
3)[C&U]视觉(或听觉)范围
It came within my range of vision.
该物体进入了我的视野。4)[C&U] 射程；射击距离
The gun has a range of five miles.
这炮的射程为五英里。
5)[C] 山脉
I'm lucky enough to have a chance of admiring the view of the great mountain range of the Alps.
我非常幸运能有机会欣赏雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉景色。
【知识拓展】
1)within/in range(of sth)在可及的范围内，在视觉(或听觉)范围内
He shouted angrily at anyone within range.
他看见谁，就对谁吼叫。
2)out of range(of sth)超出……的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围以外
The cat stayed well out of range of the children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。【知识运用】
(1)(2010湖北－21)This restaurant has become popular for its wide________of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
答案：C 本题题意：这家餐厅越来越出名，因为它为各类人群提供了多元化的食物。a wide range of表示“各式各样的”。(2)—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?
—No, it's out of________.
A．range B．reach
C．control D．distance
答案：A 本题题意：“你能击中树梢上的那只鸟吗？”“击不中，它在射程之外”。out of range(of sth)表示“超出……的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围以外”。(3)(原创)Input out of________. Please enter a number between 1% and 2%.
A．range B．reach
C．control D．distance
答案：A 本题题意：输入超出了范围。请输入一个介于1%和2%之间的数字。out of range (of sth) 表示“超出…的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围以外”。(4)(原创)Folk songs are unlimited in form and subject matter，________from very simple to relatively complex.
A．range B．ranged
C．ranging D．being ranged
答案：C 本题题意：民歌形式繁多、内容广泛，从十分简单的到相当复杂的事件，无所不有。本题考查现在分词短语担任后置定语，起补充说明作用，相当于非限制性定语从句which range from very simple to relatively complex.课件112张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇：
根据提示写出相应单词。
1．________(n.) 百分比，百分率
2．________(adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的→________(n.) 差别；区别；卓著
3．________(n.)大多数；大半→________(反义词)少数
4．________(n.)意大利→________(n. & adj.)意大利人(的)；意大利语(的)
5．________(n.) 飞行器；航空器；飞机→________(复数形式)6．________(adj.)人种的；种族的→________(n.)人种；种族
7．________(vt.)选择；选举某人→________(n.)
答案：1.percentage 2.distinct; distinction 3.majority; minority 4.Italy; Italian 5.aircraft; aircraft 6.racial; race 7．elect; electionⅡ.短语
1．live________ 继续存在；继续生存
2．by means________ 用……办法；借助……
3．declare war________... 向……宣战
4．make a________ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
5．________the late 19th century 在十九世纪晚期
6．keep________ 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
答案：1.on 2.of 3.on 4.life 5.in 6.upⅢ.课文概述
根据课文内容进行填空，每空限填一词。
California, the third largest state in the USA, has the__1__of being multicultural. The Native Americans are believed to have crossed the Bering__2__to America by__3__of a land bridge. In the 18th century, the Spanish began to settle in California. Then from the year 1848, some gold miners came to this place to__4__a life, despite great__5__. By the year 1850 when California was__6__as the thirty-first__7__state of the USA, it was multicultural. Today, Chinese-Americans are living in all parts of California, although a large__8__of them have chosen the“Chinatowns”. Other immigrants such as__9__， mainly fishermen as well as wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. Most recently, more people from Asia have settled here. And in future, there will be no distinct major__10__or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
1．________2.________3.________4.________
5．________6.________7.________8.________
9．________10.________答案：1.distinction 2.Strait 3.means 4.make 5.hardship 6.elected 7.federal 8.percentage 9.Italians
10．racial1．illustrate (v.)
1)～sth(with sth)加插图于；给(书等)作图表
This English textbook is well illustrated.
这本英语教科书有精美的插图。
2)(用示例、图画等)说明、解释
He illustrated his point by relating his own experiences.
他用自己的经历说明了他的观点。【知识运用】
(1)(2004上海-50)The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to________the point.
A．illustrate B．suggest
C．express D．recognize
答案：A 本题题意：老师在黑板上写了个实例来举例说明这个要点。illustrate表示“举例说明”。 (2)The teacher________the history lesson with pictures of castles.
A．taught B．illustrated
C．showed D．addressed
答案：B 本题题意：教师利用城堡图画讲解历史课。illustrate sth. with/by sth.表示“用……说明、解释……”。注意，teach sb a lesson表示“教训某人一顿”；例如：The accident taught me a lesson I'll never forget. 那事故给我的教训永远也不能忘记。2．distinction (n.)
1)[C]～(between A and B) 差别；区别；对比
I can't see any distinction between these two cases.
我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。
2)[U] 优秀；杰出；卓越
He is a writer of real distinction.
他是一位真正才智超群的作家。
3)[U] 区分；分清；辨别
The new law makes no distinction between adults and children.
这项新法规对成人和孩子同样适用。【知识拓展1】
1)distinct (adj.)
(1)～(from sth)截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类的
Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other.
这两个建议截然不同。
(2)清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的
There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.
你的英语口语有明显的进步。2)distinguish (v.)
(1)～(between)A and B|～A from B 区分；辨别；分清
Can you distinguish the different musical instruments playing now?
你能区分出正在演奏的各种不同的乐器吗？
(2)～A (from B) 成为……的特征；使具有……的特色；使有别于
What was it that distinguished her from her classm-
ates?
是什么使得她有别于班上的其他同学？【知识拓展2】
(1)draw/make a distinction between 对……加以区别
We should make a distinction between right and wrong.
我们应该分清是非。
(2)without distinction 无差别地， 一视同仁地
He is fair to us without distinction.
他对我们一视同仁，毫无区别。
(3)be distinct in...from... 在某方面与．..不同
Silk is distinct from rayon in every respect.
在各个方面真丝跟人造丝截然不同。(4)be distinguished from不同于； 与……加以区别
Job enrichment should be distinguished from job enlargement.
工作丰富化和工作扩大化应加以区分。
(5)distinguish oneself(as...)使自己与众不同； 使自己出名；使自己受人青睐
The monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination.
班长在考试中成绩优异，因而显得突出。【知识运用】
(1)These two horses look so much______that we can not________one from the other.
A．alike; differ
B．likely; separate
C．alike; distinguish
D．likely; differ
答案：C 本题题意：这两匹马长得很像， 我们分辨不出谁是谁。alike表示“相像的；十分相似的”。distinguish表示“区分；辨别；分清”。(2)(原创)Young as she is, she knows how to distinguish________friend and foe.
A．among B．during
C．with D．between
答案：D 本题题意：虽然她年轻，她懂得怎样区分敌友。distinguish(between)A and B|～A from B表示“区分；辨别；分清”。(3)Employers should hire men and women without______.
A．doubt B．distinction
C．effort D．delay
答案：B 本题题意：雇主用人应不分男女。without distinction 表示“无差别地， 一视同仁地”。(4)(原创)This new suggestion is a________improvement from the one I originally made.
A．different B．distinct
C．various D．precise
答案：B 本题题意：这个新建议比我原来提出的有显著的改进。distinct表示“明显的”。3．majority (n.)
1)[sing. & pl.]～(of sb/sth.)大部分；大多数
①A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
②The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.
多数人赞成这个建议。2)[C]～(over sb)获胜的票数；多数票
①They had a large majority over the other party at the last election.
在上次选举中他们以悬殊的票数击败了对方。
②He won by a majority of two: the vote was seven to five.
他以两票多数获胜：票数是七比五。
【知识运用】
(1)The________of Chinese people have television.
A．majority B．major
C．mostly D．mayor
答案：A 本题题意：中国人大多数都有电视。majority表示“大部分；大多数”。(2)Most of the Americans use their cars____________for their job.
A．majority B．mostly
C．mainly D．especially
答案：B 本题题意：大多数美国人的汽车主要是用来上班的。mostly用作副词，表示“大多数地；大部分地；主要地”。(3)The majority of children in our class________brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.
A．have B．has
C．is D．are
答案：A 本题题意：我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。“the majority of＋复数名词”在句中担任主语时，谓语动词采用复数形式。the majority担任主语，谓语动词采用单复数形式均可。4．declare (v.)
1)公布；宣布；宣告
The city officials declared a state of emergency.
城市当局宣布该城处于紧急状态。
2)表明；宣称；断言
“I'm not coming with you and that's final！”declared Mary.
“我不跟你去——这是最后决定！”玛丽郑重地说。
3)申报(应纳税品)；申报(收益)
The customs asked me if I had anything to declare.
海关人员问我是否有要报税的东西。【词语辨析】
announce, declare
这两个动词均含“宣布”之意。
1)declare侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布，譬如：声明个人立场等。
The new Congress declared a state of war with Germany.
新的国会向德国宣战了。2)announce多指首次宣布大家感兴趣的或者可满足大家好奇心的事情。
The vote was completed. The chairman announced the result.
投票完毕。主席宣布了结果。
【知识运用】
(1)She________that she didn't want to see him again.
A．addressed B．broadcast
C．announced D．declared
答案：D 本题题意：她宣称她再也不愿见到他。declare表示“表明；宣称；断言”。(2)All the leading media in China________Premier Wen Jiabao's official visit to South Korea and Japan.
A．reported B．printed
C．announced D．declared
答案：A 本题题意：中国所有的主流媒体都报道了温家宝总理对韩国和日本的正式访问。report表示“报道；公布；发表；宣布”。(3)(2008山东-28) The fact that she never apologized________a lot about what kind of person she is.
A．says B．talks
C．appears D．declares
答案：A 本题题意：她从未道歉的事实足以说明她是哪一类人。say表示“表明，显示，表达(思想、感情)”。(4)采用declare, announce, publish以及print的适当形式填空：
①The magazine________a short story written by a high school student.
②The scene is ________on my memory.
③Everyone was silent as he ________ the winner of the competition.
④I ________ at the meeting that I did not support him.
⑤This firm ________ a lot of musical and sports books.
⑥Please ________ to the children that there will be no school this afternoon.⑦Is it an error if you ________ a document, only to find that no printers are connected?
⑧I have a laptop computer. Do I have to ________ it at the customs?
答案：
①published 这家杂志刊登了一个中学生所写的短篇小说。
②printed 那情景深深印在我的记忆里。
③announced 当他宣布竞赛的优胜者时，大家都静静地倾听。
④declared 我在会上声明我不支持他。
⑤prints/publishs 这家公司出版了大量的音乐和体育书籍。
⑥announce 请通知孩子们今天下午不上课。
⑦print 如果你在打印一个文档，却发现没有连接打印机，这是个错误吗？
⑧declare 我有个手提电脑，需要在海关申报吗？5．elect (v.)
1)～to do sth 选择，决定(做某事)
①She elected to return to work after her baby was born.
她决定孩子出生后再去做工作。
②He elected to remain at home.
他决定留在家中。2)～sb(to sth)|～sb(as)sth 选举；推选
①The government is made up of men and women elected by the people of the country.
政府是由这个国家的人民选出的人员组成的。
②They elected Tom as their representative.
他们选举汤姆作为他们的代表。【词语辨析】
elect, select, choose, pick
这些动词均含有“选择”之意。
1)elect指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。
We elected our monitor by a show of hands.
我们举手选举了班长。
2)select强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”， 侧重以客观为标准进行选择。
She selected a diamond ring from the collection.
她从收藏品中挑选了一枚钻石戒指。3)choose普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重被选者的优点。
She chose the red sweater rather than the pink one.
她选中那件红毛衣而不要那件粉红的。
4)pick口语用词，强调“从个人角度在众多之中进行挑选”， 有时含有“任意选择”的意思。
Please pick a good book for me.
请为我挑一本好书。【知识运用】
(1)Increasing numbers of people________to work from home nowadays.
A．elect B．select
C．choose D．pick
答案：A 本题题意：现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。elect表示“选择、决定(做某事)”，通常后接不定式短语担任宾语。(2)采用elect, select, choose或 pick的适当形式填空：
①Free will makes us able to________our way of life.
②Why didn't you________a better subject for your composition?
③I wonder who they will________as mayor.
④When I buy tomatoes, I always try to________the red ones.答案：① choose 自由的意志使我们可以选择自己的生活方式。
②select 你为什么不选一个更好的作文题？
③elect 我不知道他们会选谁当市长。
④pick/choose 我买西红柿时总是挑红的。1．live on 继续活着；继续存在
①She died ten years ago but her memory lives on.
她十年前就去世了，但她却留在人们的记忆里。
②These traditions will live on for centuries.
这些传统将世代相传。【知识拓展】
1)live on sth
(1)以食……为生
Small birds live mainly on insects.
小鸟主要靠食昆虫为生。
(2)仅以(一种或几种食物)为主要食物
Most of Asians live on rice.
多数亚洲人以大米为主食。
(3)靠(……钱)生活
You can't live on forty pounds a week.
你靠每周四十英镑没法过活。2)live by sth 按照(某信念或原则)生活
That's a philosophy I could live by.
那就是我所信奉的人生信念。
3)live by doing sth 靠做某事赚钱为生(或获取所需)
Jack lived by writing for a newspaper.
杰克靠给一家报纸写稿来维持生活。
4)live for sb/sth 以……为主要生活目的；为……而活着
They live for nothing but pleasure.
他们只是为了享乐而生活。5)live with sth忍受，容忍(不快的事)
I just had to learn to live with the pain.
我不得不学会忍受痛苦。
6)live up to sth 达到，符合，不辜负(他人的期望)
Did the TV play live up to your expectations?
这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗？【知识运用】
(1)(2010湖北－29) Had she________her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.
A．looked up to
B．lived up to
C．kept up with
D．come up with
答案：B 本题题意：如果她履行自己诺言的话，她早就进入耶鲁大学了。live up to one's promise表示“履行诺言；实践诺言”，其中live up to 表示“履行(诺言)等；遵守(原则)；达到，不辜负(他人的期望)”。(2)(2008湖北-26) In modern times, people have to learn to________all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.
A．keep with B．stay with
C．meet with D．live with
答案：D 本题题意：在现代社会，人们虽然过着舒适的生活，但是还得学会忍受各种压力。live with sth表示“忍受，容忍(不快的事)”。(3)(原创)I explained to Winnie that it was more than likely we would have to________her small salary.
A．turn on B．live on
C．switch on D．insist on
答案：B 本题题意：我对温妮说，我们很可能不得不靠她那微薄的收入维持生活。live on表示“靠(……钱)生活”。(4)采用适当的介词填空：
①After she died he had nothing to live________.
②She tried to live________writing, but it didn't provide a good enough income.
③He has barely enough money to live________.
④He will die, but his fame will live________after him.
⑤He is going to live________the coast for the sake of his health.
⑥You must live________the fact that you're no longer as young as you were.
⑦This car will certainly live________all your expectations if you buy it, sir.答案：①for 她去世后，他便没有了生活目标。
②by 她想靠写作为生，但收入仍然不够。
③on 他的钱仅够勉强维持生计。
④on 他是要死的，但是他的声誉将永存。
⑤by 他为了自己的健康，打算到海滨地区去居住。
⑥with 你必须承认，你已经不象过去那样年轻了。
⑦up to 如果你买这辆车的话，先生，它将肯定会使你一切如愿的。2．by means of 借助……手段；依靠……方法
①They succeeded by means of hard working.
他们依靠努力工作而获得成功。
②By means of a clever trick, he made it(seem to)disappear.
他用了个巧妙的手法，把它变没了。【知识拓展】
1)by no means 绝不；一点也不
She is by no means poor; in fact, she's quite rich.
她可不穷， 其实她很阔。
2)by all means 可以；当然行；没问题
—Can I see it?
—By all means.
“我可以看看吗？”“当然可以。”【知识运用】
(1)(2010江苏－27)—Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?
—________.Ours is much stronger than theirs.
A．Of course B．It depends
C．Don't mention it D．By no means
答案：D 本题题意：“你认为他们的乒乓球队会在即将举行的亚运会上获得冠军吗？ ”“绝无可能。我们球队的实力比他们强多了。”by no means表示“绝不；一点也不”。(2)(2010届南通市高三第一次模拟考试)People in Los Angels have no idea of distance on the map, so they measure distance________time not miles.
A．by way of B．by means of
C．for lack of D．on account of
答案：B 本题题意：洛杉矶人对地图上的距离没有概念，所以他们用耗费多少时间而不是用英里来衡量路程。by means of表示“用，凭借”。(3)(河北省邢台市2010届高三第二次模拟考试)—I hope that you can remove the difference between you and Susan and become good friends.
—________If only Susan had the same idea.
A．My pleasure. B．For what?
C．Why me? D．By all means.
答案：D 本题题意：“我希望你能够消除你和苏珊之间的分歧而成为好朋友。”“当然可以。但愿苏珊也有同样的想法。”by all means表示“可以；当然行；没问题”。(4)(2006山东-21) For him________stage is just________means of making a living.
A．a; a B．the; a
C．the; the D．a; the
答案：B 本题题意：对他来说，戏剧表演仅仅是一种谋生手段而已。the stage表示“戏剧；戏剧表演； 戏剧界”。(5)(2006重庆-24) I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means____with my progress.
A．the teacher is not satisfied
B．is the teacher not satisfied
C．the teacher is satisfied
D．is the teacher satisfied
答案：D 本题题意：我已经竭尽全力来提高英语水平，但老师对于我所取得的进步一点儿都不满意。by no means 等具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外)，句子通常采用“部分倒装”。(6)(2008重庆-27) In many places in China，______bicycle is still______popular means of transportation.
A．a; the B．/; a
C．the; a D．the; the
答案：C 本题题意：在中国的许多地区，自行车仍然是最普遍的交通工具。定冠词the可以用在可数名词表示“类指”，强调“整个类别”。此外，means of transportation 表示“交通工具；运输方式 ；交通设施”，与不定冠词a连用，表示“非特指的一个”。3．in addition(to sb./sth.)除……以外(还)
①When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and, in addition, broke her glasses.
黛安妮摔倒时，摔伤了胳膊，还摔坏了眼镜。
②In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.
课程除了对电脑知识作一般介绍外，还提供实际操作的机会。【知识运用】
(1)(江苏省苏、锡、常、镇四市2010届高三教学情况调查)Nowadays, many people walk to work________Copenhagen Conference calling for living a low－carbon lifestyle to cope with global warming.
A．in relation to B．in response to
C．in addition to D．in opposition to
答案：B 本题题意：如今，许多人步行去上班以回应哥本哈根会议上所发出的为应付全球变暖而采取低碳生活方式的呼吁。in response to 表示“回答，响应”。(2)________the names on the list there are six other applicants.
A．In common with B．In addition to
C．Compared to D．Except for
答案：B 本题题意：除此名单上的名字之外， 还有六个申请人。in addition(to sb/sth)表示“除……以外(还……)”。(3)There is，________， one further point to make.
A．in brief B．in general
C．in short D．in addition
答案：D 本题题意：此外，还有一点要说。in addition(to sb/sth)表示“除……以外(还……)”。4．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
①If you get, you make a living; if you pay, you make a life.
如果你工作上想获得，你是在谋生；如果你工作上想付出，你是在生活。
②The young couple moved to the nearby city to make a life there.
这对年轻的夫妇搬到附近的城市去适应新的生活。【知识拓展】
1)make a living谋生
He left his office job to try to make a living on the land.
他辞去了办公室的工作，改以务农为生。
2)lead/live a．..life过着……的生活/日子
We lead a quiet life in the country.
我们在乡下过着安静的生活。【知识运用】
(1)Nowadays, most people are so busy making a______that they forget to make a________.
A．living; living B．life; life
C．living; life D．life; living
答案：C 本题题意：时下， 多数人忙于谋生，忘记了生活。make a life 表示“习惯于新的生活方式、工作等”；make a living表示“谋生”。(2)(2007安徽-25) In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than________.
A．that used to be
B．it is used to
C．it was used to
D．it used to be
答案：D 本题题意：依我之见，二十一世纪的生活与过去相比要安逸舒适得多。it指代life; used to表示“过去常常；过去曾(而现在不再)做”。 (3)(原创)In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a________，but to make a________.
A．living; difference
B．life; change
C．living；life
D．difference; living
答案：C 本题题意：教育不是为了教会青年人谋生，而是教会他们创造生活。make a life 表示“习惯于新的生活方式、工作等”；make a living表示“谋生”。make a difference(to/in sb/sth)表示“有作用，关系，影响”。make a change表示“改变”。5．keep sth up
1)使某事物保持在高水平
The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.
原料费用昂贵使得产品价格居高不下。
2)使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)
You're all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work!
你们干得都很出色， 要坚持下去！
3)使处于高水平；使不低落
They sang songs to keep their spirits up.
他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。4)沿用(或沿袭、保持)某事物
Do you still keep up your French?
你还在学习法语吗？
5)保养、维护(房屋、花园等)
The house is becoming too expensive for them to keep up.
他们房子的维修费用贵得越来越修不起了。 【知识拓展】
1)keep up (天气)持续不变
Let's hope the sunny weather keeps up for Saturday's tennis match.
但愿星期六网球比赛时还是这样的好天气。
2)keep up(with sb/sth)(与……)齐步前进，并驾齐驱，跟上
Slow down I can't keep up (with you)!
慢点， 我跟不上(你)了！3)keep up (with sb.))(与某人)保持联系
We haven't kept up at all since she left Shanghai.
自从她离开上海以后，我们一点交往也没有了。
4)keep up with sth熟悉、了解(消息、形式等)
I can't keep up with all the changes in computer technology.
计算机技术的各种改进有些我已跟不上了。
5)keep sb up 使某人熬夜(或开夜车，不睡觉)
I don't want to keep you up.
我不想让你熬夜。6)keep up on 跟上，不落后
He reads newspapers every day to keep up on current events.
他每天看报，注意时局的发展。【知识运用】
(1)We are too tired, but we keep it________with remarkable enthusiasm.
A．off B．out
C．up D．back
答案：C 本题题意：我们太累了，但我们还是情绪高昂地干下去。keep sth up表示“使处于高水平；使不低落”。 (2)(NMET2001春-7) Would you slow down a bit, please? I can't________you.
A．keep up with B．put up with
C．make up to D．hold on to
答案：A 本题题意：你放慢点，行吗？我跟不上你。keep up(with sb/sth)表示“(与……)齐步前进；并驾齐驱；跟上”。(3)If you want to________the high pace of modern life, we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.
A．make up for B．keep up with
C．catch up with D．make use of
答案：B 本题题意：要是我们想跟上现代生活的快节奏，我们最好在吃的东西和吃的方式上学会做出合适的选择。keep up with表示“跟上”；注意：keep up with还可以表示“和……保持联系”。(4)The ancient custom of well-dressing is still________in many Derbyshire villages.
A．kept on B．kept up
C．kept off D．kept away
答案：B 本题题意：穿着体面的古代风俗在德贝郡一带很多村子里一直还保持着。keep up表示“沿用(或沿袭、保持)某事物”。(5)(原创)Although the children know all about the myth of Father Christmas，they still like to________the old Christmas customs.
A．make up B．take up
C．keep up D．turn up
答案：C 本题题意：尽管孩子们知道圣诞老人的秘密，但他们还是喜欢保持圣诞节的这种风俗习惯。keep up表示“沿用(或沿袭、保持)某事物”。(6)(原创)________on new technology. Even if you are not using it now, you might be someday, so take the time to at least read up on the basics!
A．Keep up B．Look through
C．Dip into D．See to
答案：A 本题题意：要保持对新技术的了解。也许你现在用不着它，但下一个月呢？下一年呢？所以至少你要让自己知道一些新技术的基础。keep up on 表示“跟上；不落后”。1．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。【知识剖析】
having attracted people from all over the world为现在分词的完成式担任后置定语，修饰名词state，其作用相当于非限制性定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world。分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：①The funds(which/that have been)raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。
②The children(who needed)needing medical attention were sent to the nearest hospital immediately.
需要医疗护理的孩子们立即被送进了最近的医院。
③This book，(which is)written in simple English, is suitable for beginners to read.
这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。
④This new book，(which deals with)dealing with West Africa, was written by professor Smith.
这是关于西非的一本新书，是史密斯教授写作的。【知识运用】
(1)(2010浙江－20) The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and________less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A．being weighed B．to weigh
C．weighed D．weighing
答案：D 本题题意：交通规则指出四岁以下以及体重不超过四十磅的儿童必须坐在儿童安全座椅上。现在分词短语weighing less than 40 pounds担任后置定语，修饰名词young children，相当于定语从句who/that weigh less than 40 pounds.(2)(2009湖南-25)At the age of 29, Dave was a worker，________in a small apartment near Boston and________what to do about his future.
A．living; wondering
B．lived; wondering
C．lived; wondered
D．living; wondered答案：A 本题题意：29岁时，戴夫是一名工人，住在波士顿附近的一套小公寓里，不知道将来能够做什么。第一空考查现在分词担任定语，起补充说明作用，相当于非限制性定语从句…， who lived in a small apartment near Boston.第二空考查现在分词担任伴随状语，表示一个与动作live同时发生的主动动作。(3)(2009福建-34) In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，________the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A．marking B．marked
C．having marked D．being marked
答案：A 本题题意：2009年4月，胡锦涛主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队，以纪念中国人民解放军海军成立60周年。本题考查分词短语担任后置定语，起补充说明作用，相当于非限制性定语从句…， which marked the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.(4)(2007全国2-12)At the beginning of class, the noise of desks________could be heard outside the classroom.
A．opened and closed
B．to be opened and closed
C．being opened and closed
D．to open and close
答案：C 本题题意：刚开始上课的时候，在教室外面都能听到课桌开开关关的乒乓声。本题考查现在分词的被动式being done担任定语，相当于定语从句which was being opened and closed，表示正在发生的被动动作。(5)(2007北京-29) He is a student of Oxford University，________for a degree in computer science.
A．studied B．studying
C．to have studied D．to be studying
答案：B 本题题意：他是牛津大学的一名学生，正在攻读计算机学位。本题考查现在分词担任定语，相当于非限制性定语从句who is studying for a degree in computer science，表示一个现阶段正在发生的主动动作。(6)(2007四川-26) Peter received a letter just now________his grandma would come to see him soon.
A．said B．says
C．saying D．to say
答案：C 本题题意：彼得刚才收到了一封信，信中说他奶奶很快就会来看他。本题考查现在分词(短语)担任定语，相当于定语从句which said...；不定式担任定语，通常表示将来时间概念。(7)The comments which he made________marketing bothered his boss greatly.
A．concern B．concerned
C．to concern D．concerning
答案：D 本题题意：他所做的市场预测使老板非常不安。本题考查现在分词(短语)后置作定语，相当于定语从句that concerned marketing，表示一个逻辑上的主动动作。不定式(短语)作定语，通常表示“将来”时间概念。(8)Ashley，________such cases, is sure instantly to come up with a brilliant idea.
A．experiencing B．having experienced
C．to experience D．experienced
答案：B 本题题意：经历了这些情况后，阿什利一定会马上就想出一个聪明的想法。本题考查现在分词短语在句中担任时间状语。此外，考虑“时间”概念，采用现在分词的完成式。2．Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。【知识剖析】
本句的核心结构为强调句型：It is/was...that...，强调了主语the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast in the Summer Olympics. 强调句型It is/was...that/who...的用法归纳如下：
1)强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。①It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons.
玩电脑游戏用掉了这个孩子本来应该花在功课上的许多时间。
②It is during his spare time that Tom has been studying the situation for several months.
几个月以来，汤姆一直利用自己的空闲时间研究局势。2)that/who后的动词的人称和数的变化要与前面的名词或代词一致。
①It was I who/that was to blame.
该受责备的人是我。
②It was only I who am willing to go to the film.
愿意去看电影的人只有我。3)强调句型的一般疑问句形式：
①Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
②Is it Mr. Li who guided the company through the difficulties?
是李先生带领公司渡过难关的吗？
4)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：
①Where is it that you are going for your holidays?
你打算到哪儿去度假？
②How was it that you climb to the top of that building?
你是如何爬上楼顶的？5)强调句型中的特殊形式： It is not until...that.../It is because...that...
①It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework.
直到走进教室，他才意识到忘了做作业。
②It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.
是因为她妈妈病了她才没有去上班。6)在强调句型中，作主语的关系代词who/that可以省略。
①It is he(that/who)worked out the maths problem.
是他算出了这道数学题。
②It is I (that/who)am teaching them the English song.
是我在教他们唱这首英语歌曲。【知识运用】
(1)(2010安徽－27) It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village________the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A．where B．that
C．when D．which
答案：B 本题题意：只是使用了少量从村里所购买的生活用品，女主人就做了一顿如此丰盛的晚餐。本题考查强调句型的用法。难点在于被强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。(2)(2010湖南－25) John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work________has made him what he is today.
A．why B．when
C．which D．that
答案：D 本题题意：约翰的成功跟运气一点儿关系都没有。数年的辛苦工作才使他有了今日的成就。本题考查强调句型的用法，被强调部分为years of hard work。(3)(2009江西-27) It was________he came back from Africa that year________he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when; then B．not; until
C．not until; that D．only; when
答案：C 本题题意：直到那一年他从非洲回来，他才遇到了一位他想与之结婚的女孩。本题考查强调句型的用法。强调句型强调了not until句式。(4)(2009浙江-4) —I've read another book this week.
—Well, maybe________is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A．this B．that
C．there D．it
答案：D 本题题意：“本周我又读了一本书。”“你读了多少并不重要，重要的是你读了些什么。”本题考查强调句型的用法。强调句型强调了not...but...句式。(5)How long is it________you gave up smoking?
A．that B．when
C．since D．before
答案：C 本题题意：你戒烟有多久了？本题考查It is...since...句型的用法。(6)(原创)How is it________your composition is exactly the same with Davy's?
A．because B．as
C．that D．since
答案：C 本题题意：你的作文和戴维的完全一样，这是怎么一回事？本题考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式。(7)(原创)________is no denying________Taiwan is a beautiful island.
A．There; that B．It; that
C．There; whether D．It; whether
答案：A 本题题意：台湾是座美丽的岛屿，这是不可否认的。There is no denying that...为固定句式，表示“(事实)不可否认”。(8)(原创)Won't you tell me________that you're bringing into the country so successfully?
A．why it does B．what he does
C．how it is D．what it is
答案：D 本题题意：你能否告诉我，你把什么东西如此成功地带进了这个国家？本题考查强调句型在宾语从句中的应用。(9)(原创)It is absolutely necessary to type the patient's blood________a blood transfusion.
A．that B．when
C．until D．before
答案：D 本题题意：输血前测定病人的血型是绝对必要的。本题考查It is...before...句型的用法。 (10)(原创)It wasn't until 2000，________the city of Beijing was applying to host the Olympics，________the government began to take seriously the environmental consequences of its actions.
A．when; that B．when; which
C．that; when D．which; that
答案：A 本题题意：直到2000年，当北京市申办奥运时，政府才开始对环境后果认真采取行动。第一空考查了非限制性定语从句的用法，第二空考查了强调句型的用法。(11)(原创)This shows how long it was________we realized it necessary to make sure.
A．that B．when
C．until D．before
答案：D 本题题意：现在万事俱全只是时机未到。本题考查It is…before…句型的用法。课件79张PPT。1．consist of 由……组成(或构成)
①The society consists of 30 members.
这个协会有30个会员组成。
②Their diet consisted largely of vegetables.
他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。【知识拓展】
1)consist in 存在于，在于
True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授知识。
2)consist with 并存；一致；符合
As is known to all, theory should consist with practice.
众所周知，理论应与实践相一致。【知识运用】
(1)In many American universities, the total work for a degree________thirty-six courses, each________for one semester(学期)．
A．is consisted of; lasts
B．consists of; lasting
C．is made up of; lasts
D．make up of; lasting答案：B 本题题意：在许多美国大学里，获得一个学位需要学习36门课程，每门课程则需一学期。 consist of表示“由……组成(或构成)”；不能用于进行时态以及被动语态。第二空考查独立主格结构的用法，“代词each＋现在分词短语lasting for one semester”在句中担任状语，起补充说明作用。(2)The exam consists________two parts: a written test and an oral.
A．with B．in
C．of D．from
答案：C 本题题意：考试分两部分： 笔试和口试。consist of表示“由……组成(或构成)”。(3)(原创)The outdoor sports________the 100-meter,200-meter，and 400-meter events.
A．hold up B．build up
C．account for D．consist of
答案：D 本题题意：室外的短跑运动包括100米、200米、400米。consist of表示“由…构成(或构成)”。2．occur to sb被想到；出现在脑海里
①A brilliant idea occurred to me/came into my mind/struck me.
我想到一个极好的主意。
②It occurred to me to visit my teacher.
我想到要去看看我的老师。【知识拓展】
1)It occurred to me that...我刚刚想到．..。
It occurs to me that he might be interested in the problem we had discussed.
我想起来了他也许对我们讨论过的那个问题感兴趣。
2)Did it ever occur to you that...？你可曾想到．..?
Did it ever occur to you to be betrayed by your best friend?
你可曾想到被你最好的朋友出卖？【知识运用】
(1)(2010陕西－18) It never occurred to me________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A．which B．what
C．that D．if
答案：C 本题题意：我怎么也没想到你能说服他改变主意。It occurs/occurred to sb that...为固定句型，表示“某人刚刚想到……”，其中that引导主语从句。(2)Does it ever________you to use your sight to see into the inner nature of a friend or acquaintance?
A．happen to B．occur to
C．refer to D．contribute to
答案：B 本题题意：你曾否想到用你的视觉去探视一位朋友或认识的人的内在本性？Did it ever occur to you that...？为固定表达，表示“你可曾想到……？”(3)(原创)But it________to me that I had made his Christmas a happy one by finding and returning the wallet.
A．happened B．seemed
C．broke D．occurred
答案：A 本题题意：但我碰巧发现了那个钱包，并把它归还给了失主，让他过了一个愉快的圣诞节。It happened(to sb)that...表示“(某人)碰巧做……”。(4)(原创)Early in the morning, as I walked along the shore it________to me that the sea had become bluer, the sky even higher.
A．happened B．seemed
C．broke D．occurred
答案：B 本题题意：早晨我在海边散步，觉得那蔚蓝的大海，仿佛比以前更加蓝了一些；天，比以前更加高远了些。It seems(to sb)that...表示“以某人看，似乎……”。(5)(原创)Yes! It________to me that the noodles you cooked tasted good.
A．happened B．took
C．broke D．occurred
答案：D 本题题意：对！我想起来了，你煮的方便面味道还真不错！It occurred to me that...通常表示“我刚刚想到．..”。名词性从句用作主语、宾语和表语
名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)。它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语以及同位语。因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可以分为三类：① 连接词：that, whether，if (不充当从句的任何成分)；② 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在句中担任主语，宾语或定语)；③ 连接副词：when, where, how, why(在句中担任状语，表示时间、地点、方式或原因)。Ⅰ.名词性从句的分类：
1．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子；通常位于句末，句首则采用it作形式主语。注意，what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。1)常以it作形式主语的句型有：
①It is＋形容词＋that...
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②It is＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)＋that...
It's a pity that we can't go.
很遗憾我们不能去。③It is＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that...
It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
④It appears/seems that...|It happens that...|It occurred to me that...|It turned out that...
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It doesn't matter that...|It makes no difference that...
It doesn't matter whether she will come or not.
她是否来这无关紧要。2)当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?
他们明天不来很要紧吗？
3)当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
孩子们这么安静真奇怪！2．宾语从句
主从复合句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。学习宾语从句应该注意以下几点。
1)引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略，但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。
①Glancing at her scornfully, he told her(that) the dress was sold.
他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖了。
②The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
老师说课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。2)表示“心理活动”的形容词：afraid, anxious, aware, ashamed, annoyed, certain, confident, content, convinced, determined, disappointed, glad, happy, proud, pleased, sure, surprised, satisfied, thankful, worried等可以后接宾语从句。
①He was afraid that he would lose.
他担心会输。
②I am sure that I put the money in the box.
我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。3)若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式，这种现象称为“否定转移”现象(此时主语往往为第一人称，偶尔为第三人称；否定词never, seldom, hardly, little无此用法)。
①I don't think his decision is wise in reality.
实际上，我觉得他的决定并不明智。
②I don't believe that he is a dishonest man.
我认为他是个诚实的人。4)在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope等动词以及I'm afraid之后，可以采用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，也可以采用not代替否定的宾语从句。例如：
①—Do you believe the news stories?
—I believe so.
“你相信这个新闻故事吗？”“我相信。”
②—Has Anne got into university?
—I am afraid not.
“安妮上大学了吗？”“恐怕是没有。”3．表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句；学习表语从句应该注意以下几点。
1)通常只用that引导表语从句的情况。
①句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句采用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because.
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。②句子的主语为the result时，表语从句采用that引导．
The result is that many of them become fat.
结果是他们中许多人发胖了。
③由why引导的从句作主语时。
Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。2)as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look, seem, sound, be等后面；表语从句既可以采用虚拟语气，也可采用直陈语气。
①It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
②She treats him as if he were a stranger.
她待他如陌生人。Ⅱ.名词性从句考点归纳：
1．名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。
①I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
②She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。2．it担任形式主语或宾语：
在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中。
①It is known to us how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
②I find it strange that she doesn't want to travel.
她竟不想旅游， 我觉得很奇怪。3．在名词性从句中 that与what的差异：
what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“(＝the thing or things that...; whatever)……的事物； 无论什么；凡是……的事物”。that本身没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，宾语从句中的that常常省略。①What you have done might do harm to others.
你所做的事或许对别人有害处。
②I spent what little time I had with my family.
我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。
③No one knows what will happen next.
谁也不知道下一步有什么事。
④I think(that) you will like the stamps.
我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。4．whether和if的差异：
1)引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能采用whether.
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
2)介词宾语只用whether引导。
He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling.
他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。3)当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，不能被if替换。
Whether he will come or not, I am not sure.
我无法确认他是否会来。
4)whether经常与or not 直接连用，构成whether or not.
I don't know whether or not he'll come.
我不知道他是来还是不来。5)后接动词不定式时只能用whether.
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?
你能否告诉我是去还是留？
6)动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们讨论我们是否关闭这家商店。5．宾语从句和主句的时态呼应：
1)当主句谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态时，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。
Will you tell me how I can keep fit?
能告诉我如何保持健康吗？
2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，为保持时态一致，宾语从句应采用相应的过去时态。
Jack told me that he had been there twice.
杰克告诉我他去过那儿两次了。3)当主句谓语为过去时态时，宾语从句表示客观真理、客观存在的事物、格言时， 仍然采用一般现在时。
Long ago, people knew that there are four seasons in a year.
很久以前，人们就知道一年有四个季节。6．连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever引导名词性从句的含义：
1)whoever的用法：
①(＝the person or people who...)…的那个人
Whoever said that?
到底谁讲的这话？
②(＝any person who...)…的任何一个人
Tell whoever you like; it makes no difference to me.
你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁——对我来说都无所谓。2)whatever的用法：
①(＝any or every)任何；每一
Take whatever action is needed.
采取任何必要的措施。
②(＝anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物
You must do whatever is best for you.
什么对你最有利你就得做什么。
③(表示做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么，不管什么
You have our support, whatever you decide.
不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。3)whichever的用法：
①(表示什么特征或品质在作决定时重要)…的那个；…的那些
Take whichever hat suits you best.
挑个最适合你戴的帽子。
②无论哪个；无论哪些
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.
你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。7．虚拟语气结构在名词性从句中的应用：
1)主语从句
It is necessary that he(should)come to see us.
他有必要来看望我们。
2)宾语从句
The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest.
老师建议我们休息一会儿。
3)表语从句
My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English.
我的建议是我们应该阅读英文报纸来提高我们的英语水平。8．it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都用连词that.被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom.
①It's a pity he missed the opportunity to travel abroad.
他错过了去国外旅游的机会，真是可惜。
②Who was it that won the World Cup in 2006?
谁赢得了2006年的世界杯？ 语法专练
1．(2010全国1－33) We haven't discussed yet________we are going to place our new furniture.
A．that B．which
C．what D．where
答案：D 本题题意：我们还没有讨论把新家具摆放在哪儿。本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句we are going to place our new furniture. 基本成分完整，排除连词what和which。句意和“地点”有关，选用where，排除只具有连接功能的that。2．(2010全国2－10)—Have you finished the book?
—No, I've read up to ________the children discover the secret cave.
A．which B．what
C．that D．where
答案：D 本题题意：“书看完了吗？”“没有，我已经读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴那个地方。”本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句The children discover the secret cave.基本成分完整，不需要连接性的代词引导，排除选项A，B。此外，句意和“地点”有关，选用连接性副词where.3．(2010北京－31) I want to be liked and loved for______I am inside.
A．who B．where
C．what D．how
答案：C 本题题意：我希望别人喜爱我是因为我的内在品质。what引导宾语从句，同时在宾语从句中担任表语。4．(2010北京－32) Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was________it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A．what B．that
C．why D．whether
答案：B 本题题意：狄更斯喜欢自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作以他本人的生活为原型。本题考查表语从句的用法。表语从句基本结构完整，排除选项A以及选项C；含义和“是否”无关，选用that. 注意，that引导名词性从句，只具有连接功能，不具有任何含义。5．(2010北京－33)________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A．Whether B．What
C．That D．How
答案：B 本题题意：一些人眼中的缺点则是许多人眼中的优点。本题考查主语从句的用法。what引导主语从句，同时在从句中担任动词regard的宾语。注意，that引导名词性从句，只具有连接功能，不具有任何含义。6．(2010福建－35) We should respect food and think about the people who don't have________we have here and treat food nicely.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whether
答案：C 本题题意：我们应该重视食物，考虑到本地区那些不曾和我们一样富庶的人们，要善待食物。what引导宾语从句，且在从句中担任动词have的宾语。注意，respect food，think about the people, treat food nicely 为并列结构 。7．(2010湖南－35)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew________she was so angry.
A．where B．whether
C．that D．why
答案：D 本题题意：辛蒂重重地关上门，放声大哭。办公室里没有人知道她为什么如此生气。宾语从句基本成分完整，含义和“原因”有关，选用why引导。8．(2010江苏－35)—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's ________I don't agree. You should have a more active life.
A．where B．how C．when D．what
答案：A 本题题意：“星期天我喜欢把自己关在房间内，听一整天音乐。”“这就是我不赞同的地方。你应该过一种更积极的生活。”表语从句主要成分完整，含义和“地点”有关，采用where. where表示“(在)……的地方；(在……的情况下)”。9．(2010山东－26) Before the sales start, I make a list of ________my kids will need for the coming season.
A．why B．what C．how D．which
答案：B 本题题意：在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们下个季节要用到的物品列了一个清单。what引导宾语从句，同时在从句中担任了动词need的宾语。10．(2010四川－14) How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on________he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
A．what B．who C．how D．why
答案：B 本题题意：一个人从旅行中获得多少快乐在很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。宾语从句缺少宾语，且和“人”有关，采用who.11．(2010天津－14) As a new graduate, he doesn't know________it takes to start a business here.
A．how B．what
C．when D．which
答案：B 本题题意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道具备什么能力才能在这里创业。本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句缺少宾语，需要连接性代词引导，排除选项A, C．what引导宾语从句，且在从句中担任动词take的宾语。12．(2010重庆－25)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions____________had used the products.
A．whoever B．who
C．whichever D．which
答案：A 本题题意：为了提高我们的产品质量，我们向任何一个使用过本产品的人寻求建议。whoever引导宾语从句，且在从句中担任主语，表示“……的任何人”，相当于any person who...13．(2010浙江－1)—How about camping this weekend, just for a change?
—OK，________you want.
A．whichever B．however
C．whatever D．whoever
答案：C 本题题意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”本题考查宾语从句的用法，谓语动词do省略了。whatever(带先行词的不定关系代名词)表示“任何事物；一切事物”，相当于anything that，引导宾语从句，同时在宾语从句中担任动词do的宾语。14．(2010浙江－9)It is uncertain________side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A．that B．what
C．how D．whether
答案：B 本题题意：尽管约有两千名病人服用过这种药品，但是还不能确定它会带来什么样的副作用。what表示“……的(事物或人)”，引导主语从句，同时在从句中担任定语，修饰名词side effect。15．(2010上海秋－36)One reason for her preference for city life is________she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A．that B．how
C．what D．why
答案：A 本题题意：她偏爱城市生活的原因之一是她去商店和餐馆很方便。本题考查表语从句的用法。表语从句基本结构完整，排除选项C。含义和“方式，原因”无关，排除选项B，D。注意，连词that引导名词性从句，只具有连接功能，不具有任何含义。16．(2010上海秋－37) When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know________.
A．he is entering which lane
B．which lane he is entering
C．is he entering which lane
D．which lane is he entering
答案：B 本题题意：换车道时，司机必须使用转向灯好让其他司机知道他要进入哪一个车道。引导宾语从句的连词必须位于从句的句首，此外，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序。17．(2009湖南-2)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do________it takes to save her life.
A．whichever B．however
C．whatever D．whoever
答案：C 本题题意：她是我们的宝贝，我们准备不惜一切代价来挽救她的生命。whatever(带先行词的不定关系代词)表示“任何事物；一切事物”，相当于anything that，引导宾语从句，同时在宾语从句中担任动词do的宾语。18．(2009全国1-24/2007山东-22)Could I speak to______is in charge of International Sales please?
A．who B．what
C．whoever D．whatever
答案：C 本题题意：我可以和国际销售部的主管谈一谈吗？介词to后接宾语从句，whoever引导该从句，同时在从句中担任主语。whoever 在本考题中表示“(＝the person or people who...)……的那个人”。 19．(2009陕西-17) The how-to book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
A．who B．whomever
C．no matter who D．whoever
答案：D 本题题意：这本基础知识书对于任何一位想从事这份工作的人来说都有帮助作用。whoever在本考题中表示“(＝any person who...)…的任何一个人”，引导宾语从句。20．(2009天津-7) It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.
A．as B．which
C．whether D．that
答案：D 本题题意：那些学生都很清楚，他们应该为未来作好充分的准备。本题考查主语从句的用法。主语从句主要成分完整，含义和“是否”无关，采用that引导。21．(2009江苏-34) Many young people in the West are expected to leave________could be life's most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.
A．as B．that
C．which D．what
答案：D 本题题意：西方社会的很多年轻人期待婚姻，人生最重要的事件，完全由运气来决定。连接代词what引导宾语从句，同时在宾语从句中担任了主语。22．(2009山东-28) The little girl who got lost decided to remain________she was and wait for her mother.
A．where B．what
C．how D．who
答案：A 本题题意：迷路的那位小女孩决定呆在原地等她妈妈。表语从句主要成分完整，含义和“地点”有关，采用where.23．(2009上海-37) It is not immediately clear________the financial crisis will soon be over.
A．since B．what
C．when D．whether
答案：D 本题题意：金融危机是否很快结束目前还不清楚。主语从句中主要成分完整，不需要连接性代词引导；含义和“是否”有关，采用whether.24．(2009北京-31)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see______it got any better.
A．when B．how
C．why D．if
答案：D 本题题意：起初，他憎恶这份新工作，但是决定花费几个月的时间来看一看它是否会好转。本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句主要成分完整，含义和“是否”有关，选择if或whether引导。25．(2008福建1-27)________is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A．It B．What
C．As D．When
答案：B 本题题意：众所周知，2008年奥运会将在北京举行。what从句在句中担任了主语，连词what除了具有连接功能以外，还在主语从句中担任主语。本句可转化为：① It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. ② As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.26．(2008山东-23)________was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A．It B．This
C．What D．As
答案：C 本题题意：她告诉我，对她而言最重要的是她的家人(家庭)。what引导主语从句，同时在从句中担任了主语。注意：she told me在句中为插入成分。27．(2008天津-12)The last time we had great fun was________we were visiting the Water Park.
A．where B．how
C．when D．why
答案：C 本题题意：我们最近一次玩得尽兴是在参观水上公园的时候。when引导表语从句。表语从句主要成分完整，含义和“时间”有关，采用when.28．(2008北京-30) The companies are working together to create________they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.
A．which B．that
C．what D．who
答案：C 本题题意：这些公司协作开发他们所希望的21世纪最佳运输工具。what从句担任动作create的宾语，同时what在从句中担任了主语。29．(2008浙江-4)________wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
A．Anyone B．The one
C．Whoever D．Who
答案：C 本题题意：想要住旅馆的人必须自己付费。whoever表示“…的那个人(或那些人)；……的任何人”，相当于any person who/anyone who，引导主语从句。30．(2008浙江-6) Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from________their parents speak at home.
A．what B．that
C．which D．one
答案：A 本题题意：一些孩子想要挑战自我，学习一种不同于父母在家所讲的语言。what从句担任介词from的宾语，同时在从句中担任了动词speak的宾语。31．(2008上海-34) As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about________he will do or think.
A．what B．which
C．whom D．that
答案：A 本题题意：作为他最好的朋友，我能准确地猜测到他将会做什么或者是他将要思考什么。what从句担任介词about的宾语，同时在从句中担任动词do和think的宾语。32．(2008上海-36) It has been proved________eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life.
A．if B．because
C．when D．that
答案：D 本题题意：已经证实童年时期食用蔬菜有助于晚年保护自己免患严重的疾病。It has been proved that...为主语从句，表示“已经证明……”。例如：Can it be proved that he did commit these offences? 能证明他确实犯了这些罪吗？33．(2008湖南-29) When asked________they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A．what B．why
C．whom D．which
答案：A 本题题意：当被问及他们最需要什么时，那些孩子说他们想要得到重视以及关爱。what引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作了动词need的宾语，相当于the thing/things that.34．(2008重庆-25) People in Chongqing are proud of________they have achieved in the past ten years.
A．that B．which
C．what D．how
答案：C 本题题意：重庆人为过去10 年中他们所取得的成就感到自豪。what从句担任了形容词短语be proud of的宾语；此外，连词what除了具有连接功能外，同时还在从句中担任了动词achieve的宾语。35．The news________is spreading around the airport is________a big snowstorm will come attacking.
A．which; which B．/; that
C．that; which D．that; that
答案：D 本题题意：一条传闻在机场到处传播，暴风雪即将来袭。第一空考查定语从句的用法，从句缺少主语，需要关系代词that/which引导。第二空考查表语从句的用法，在从句中，主要成分完整，采用that引导。课件61张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
根据提示写出相应单词
1．________(vt.) 指出；表明；暗示→________(n.) 指示，标志→________(n.) 指示物(器)；指示者
2．________(n.) 行李→(同义词)________<美>行李
3．________(adj.)显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→________(adv.)
4．________(v.)申请；使用→________(n.)申请人
5．________(n.)处罚，惩罚→________(vt.) 惩罚
6．________(n.)正义；公平→________(adj.)正义的；公正的；合理的7．________(v.)改革；革新→________(n.)改革家
8．________(n.)(公车)售票员；列车员；(车队)指挥→________(v.)指导，指挥；管理
9．occur (vi.)发生；出现→________(同义短语)
10．slip (vi.) 滑动，滑行→________/________(过去式，过去分词)(n.) 滑动，滑倒
答案：1.indicate; indication; indicator 2.luggage; baggage 3．apparent; apparently 4.apply; applicant 5.punishment; punish 6.justice; just 7.reform; reformist 8.conductor; conduct 9.take place/happen/come about 10.slipped; slippedⅡ.短语
1．back________ back 背靠背
2．________top of the hill从山顶上
3．slip________ 滑下去
4．team up________ 与……合作或一起工作
5．________a car 雇一辆小汽车
6．mark________ 划线；划出……界线
7．take________ 包括；吸收
8．a________many 许多；很多
9．apply________ 申请；请示得到
10．________the system 改革体制答案：1.to 2.from 3.down 4.with 5.hire 6.out 7.in 8.good/great 9.for 10.reform1．indicate (v.)
1)表明；显示
Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.
研究显示，饮食习惯正迅速改变。
2)象征；暗示
Snow indicates the coming of winter.
雪象征着冬天的到来。
3)～sth(to sb)暗示；间接提及；示意
During our meeting, he indicated his willingness to cooperate.
在我们会晤期间，他提及了合作的意愿。4)～sb/sth(to sb)指示；指出
A signpost indicates the right road for us to follow.
路标指给我们应走的路。【词语辨析】
indicate, mean, imply, represent, suggest
这些动词均含有“表示……的意思”之意。
1)indicate指明显的表示。
The arrow on the map indicates where the accident happened.
图上的箭头指示事故发生的地点。
2)mean最普通用词。指文字或符号等所表示的各种明确的或含蓄的意义。
These symbols mean nothing to me.
这些符号我完全不明白是什么意思。3)imply侧重用文字或符号表示的联想，暗示。
His silence implied agreement.
他沉默不语意味着同意了。
4)represent指体现或代表。
The dove represents peace.
鸽子象征和平。
5)suggest通常指暗含地、隐晦地表达意思。
His cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea.
他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。【知识运用】
(1)(2009浙江-7)There is a great deal of evidence________that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A．indicate B．indicating
C．to indicate D．to be indicating
答案：B 本题题意：有大量证据表明音乐活动与大脑的不同部位关系密切。本题考查现在分词短语担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which indicate that music activities engage different parts of the brain.(2)The light above the elevator________that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.
A．suggested B．represented
C．implied D．indicated
答案：D 本题题意：电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。indicate表示“指示；指出”，指明显的表示。2．slip (v.)
1)～(over)滑倒；滑跤；失脚
She slipped(over)(on the ice) and broke her leg.
她(在冰上)滑了一跤把腿摔断了。
2)滑落；滑离；脱落
The fish slipped out of my hand.
那条鱼从我手中滑掉了。
3)悄悄疾行；溜
The student slipped out of the classroom.
那学生溜出了教室。【知识拓展】
1)let sth slip(through your fingers)错过(机会)；失去(机会)
Don't let the chance to work abroad slip through your fingers.
这个出国工作的机会你可不要错过。
2)slip sb's memory/mind 忘掉；不记得
I was supposed to go to the dentist today, but it completely slipped my mind.
我本来打算今天去看牙医，可是却忘记得干干净净。【词语辨析】
slip, slide
这两个动词均可表示“滑动”之意。
1)slip指“人”不自主地滑倒或“物”偶然滑动。
He caught the ball, then it slipped through his fingers.
那球他已接住却又从手中滑脱了。
2)slide通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动，强调有意识地滑行。
The boys amused themselves by sliding down the banister.
男孩们从楼梯扶手滑下以取乐。【知识运用】
(1)The movie star________into town before the crowds reached the airport.
A．slipped B．moved
C．entered D．removed
答案：A 本题题意：人群到达机场时，那个电影明星已经悄悄地进了城。slip表示“悄悄疾行；溜”。(2)He woke to find that his quilt had____off the bed.
A．dropped B．slipped
C．thrown D．lowered
答案：B 本题题意：他醒来发现被子从床上滑下来了。slip表示“滑落；滑离；脱落”。3．apply (v.)
1)～(to sb/sth)(for sth)(通常以书面形式)申请；请求
I applied to the Consul for a visa.
我向领事申请了签证。
2)～sth(to sth)使用；应用
In this way they can better apply theory to practice.
这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
3)～sth(to sth)涂；敷；施
A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.
有个护士正在给他的伤口敷药。4)～(to sb/sth)有关；涉及
This rule applies very well to this case.
这个规则非常适用于这种情况。
5)～oneself(to sth/doing sth)勤奋工作；努力学习
Students should apply themselves to their study.
学生们应该专心致志地学习。【知识拓展】
1)applied (adj.) 应用的；实用的
He devoted his life to applied science.
他献身于应用科学。
2)application
(1)[C&U]～(to sb)(for sth/to do sth)申请；请求；申请书；申请表
The manager received ten applications for the position.
经理收到十位求职者的申请书。 (2)[U &C]～(of sth)(to sth)(尤指理论、发现等的)应用，运用
Biology has practical applications.
生物学有实用性。
【知识运用】
(1)We must________our energies to finding a solution.
A．spend B．bury
C．apply D．supply
答案：C 本题题意：我们必须全力想出一个解决的办法。apply oneself/one's mind (etc.) to sth/to doing sth 表示“致力于， 集中精力做某事；勤奋工作，努力学习等”。(2)(2007山东-34) In this seaside resort, you can________all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.
A．enjoy B．apply
C．receive D．achieve
答案：A 本题题意：在这个海滨胜地，你能够享受到现代旅游所带来的舒适和便利。enjoy 表示“享受……的乐趣；欣赏，喜爱”。(3)(2007湖北-29) Surely it doesn't matter where the student associations get their money from; what________is what they do with it.
A．counts B．applies
C．stresses D．functions
答案：A 本题题意：学生会的资金来源其实并不重要，重要的是他们如何使用这笔资金。count表示“重要”。(4)I advise that they________the council for a home improvement grant.
A．adopt to B．apply to
C．adapt to D．appeal to
答案：B 本题题意：我建议他们向市政会申请改善住房的贷款。apply (to sb/sth) (for sth) 表示“(通常以书面形式)(向…)申请，请求…”。4．grasp
1)v.
(1)握紧；抓牢
Grasp my hand and I will pull you over the wall.
抓住我的手，我就把你拉过墙来。
(2)理解；领会；领悟；明白
I grasped the main point of the speech.
我领会了这篇演讲的要点。2)n.
(1)[usually sing.] 紧抓；紧握；控制
Don't let the situation escape from your grasp.
别让局面失去控制。
(2)理解(力)；领会
She has a good grasp of the English language.
她精通英语。【知识拓展】
1)grasp a chance/an opportunity 急忙抓住机会；毫不犹豫地抓住机会
You must grasp this opportunity.
你必须抓住机会。
2)beyond one's grasp力量达不到
His ideas are beyond my grasp.
他的想法我不能理解。
3)within one's grasp力量达得到
Victory seemed within the team's grasp.
看来这个队胜利唾手可得。4)have a good command/grasp/master of 精通；能自由应用
Applicants will be expected to have a good command/grasp/master of English.
申请人必须精通英语。
5)in the grasp of在……掌握之中
She is in the grasp of a wicked man.
她受到一个恶人的控制。6)seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住，把握机会(或时机)
While in Canada, he seized the chance to make some money.
在加拿大期间，他抓住时机赚了一些钱。
【词语辨析】
grasp, grab, snatch, seize
这些动词均有“抓住，握紧”之意。
1)grasp指紧紧抓住、抓牢。
The little girl grasped her mother's arm.
小女孩抓住了她母亲的手臂。
2)grab指粗暴而急迫的抓住。
He grabbed my collar and pulled me towards him.
他抓住我的领子把我拉到他面前。3)snatch指突然抢走，侧重动作更快或更具暴力性质。
She snatched the letter from me/out of my hand.
她从我这里/从我手中把信抢走了。
4)seize侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速抓住或捉住。
Gill seized my hand and shook it heartily.
吉尔突然抓住我的手， 热情地和我握手。【知识运用】
(1)Draw a line down the center of a newspaper column.Center your vision on the line and try to________the meaning of the words on each side as you move down the page.
A．snatch B．take C．grasp D．grab
答案：C 本题题意：在报刊的一个栏目中间划一道线，把你的视线集中在这条线上，当视线向下移动时，尽量抓住线两边文字的意思。grasp/seize/catch/take in the meaning表示“领会或听懂含义”。(2)采用grasp, grab, snatch或seize的适当形式填空：
①The thief________the purse and ran away with it.
②The important thing is to try to________what the writer is going to tell you in the books as a whole.
③She________on my suggestion and began work immediately.
④The team________a dramatic victory in the last minute of the game.答案：①grabbed/snatched/seized 这贼猛地一把抓住钱包逃跑了。
②grasp 重要的是要设法领会作者在整本书里所要告诉你的东西。
③seized 她采纳了我的建议， 马上干了起来。 seize on/upon sth表示“突然大为关注，抓住(可利用的事物)”
④snatched 该队在比赛的最后一分钟戏剧性地获胜。snatch表示“抓紧时间做；乘机获得”。1．team up(with sb)合作；(与某人)结成一队
①The two companies have teamed up to produce new software.
两家公司联手生产新软件。
②He teamed up with a friend and set up a trade business.
他与一个朋友联合， 做起了买卖。【知识运用】
(1)(原创)He preferred to go into business alone rather than to________anyone else.
A．team up with B．catch up with
C．fit in with D．put up with
答案：A 本题题意：他情愿独自经商，而不愿与人合伙。team up (with sb) 表示“合作；(与某人)结成一队”。 (2)The two companies have________to develop a new racing car.
A．picked up B．taken up
C．teamed up C．made up
答案：C 本题题意：那两家公司已合作研制新型赛车。team up (with sb) 表示“合作；(与某人)结成一队”。 2．mark sth out 画出界限；画出边界；用线画出范围
①They marked out the tennis court with white point.
他们用白线画出了网球场地。
②Is the ground marked out for our game?
这个场地是为我们比赛画得吗？【知识拓展】
mark sb out(as/for sth)选定；挑选
①Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training.
已经选出几名出色的学生加以专门训练。
②He was marked out as the most promising young soldier in the whole army.
他被认为是全军最有前途的青年军人。【知识运用】
(1)Police________a car-park before the supermarket.
A．made out B．picked out
C．marked out D．turned out
答案：C 本题题意：警方在超市前标出了一停车场的界限。mark sth out 表示“画出界限；画出边界；用线画出范围”。
(2)Three of his paintings have been________for exhibition.
A．made out B．stood out
C．worked out D．marked out
答案：D 本题题意：他的三幅画已被选定供展览。mark sb out (as/for sth) 表示“选定；挑选”。3．take in
1)包括；囊括；包含
You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments.
你也可以将一些著名的纪念性建筑包括在参观的项目中。
2)欺骗；蒙骗
Don't be taken in by his charm—he's ruthless.
不要被他那迷人的风度所蒙蔽，其实他冷酷无情。3)理解；领会；记住
I couldn't take in the meaning of the word.
我不能够理解这个词的含义。
4)吸入，吞入(体内)
Fish take in oxygen through their gills.
鱼用鳃吸取氧气。【知识运用】
(1)(2007辽宁-31) Don't be________by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
A．taken off B．taken out
C．taken away D．taken in
答案：D 本题题意：不要被那些快速减肥产品的承诺所蒙蔽。take in表示“欺骗；蒙骗”。(2)The students found it easy to________what their teacher had taught.
A．take in B．take away
C．take up D．take down
答案：A 本题题意：学生们发现老师所教的东西很容易领会。take in表示“理解；领会；记住”。(3)(原创)Once they are out on the street, the cars will________air and replace it with poison gases.
A．bring in B．take in
C．get in D．turn in
答案：B 本题题意：汽车一旦出厂开到大街上，就会吸进空气，排出有毒气体。take in表示“吸入，吞入(体内)”。Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them.
悲惨的境遇对他们来说似乎是一种惩罚而谈不上公正和自由。【知识剖析】
rather than 表示“而不是”，是一个并列连词，常用于“平行结构”中，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。
1)连接两个名词或代词
He is an explorer rather than a sailor.
与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。
2)连接两个形容词
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.
与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。 3)连接两个介词短语
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
4)连接两个动名词
She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 5)连接两个不定式
①I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。
②Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。(注：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。) 6)连接两个动词
He ran rather than walked.
他是跑来的，而不是走来的。
7)连接两个分句
We should help him rather than he should help us.
是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。 【知识运用】
(1)(山东省潍坊市2010届高三一模) The computer software is old________very out of date.
A．or rather B．rather than
C．other than D．more than
答案：A 本题题意：这款电脑软件非常落伍了，或者更确切地说，过时了。or rather表示“更确切地说”。(2)(原创)She looked in the direction of the window, but there was nothing in front of her eyes________the deep blackness.
A．more than B．rather than
C．other than D．worse than
答案：C 本题题意：她向窗子的方向看了看，无奈眼前一片黑暗。other than表示“除…以外”，常用于否定结构中。(3)(原创)We aim at quality________quantity.
A．more than B．rather than
C．other than D．better than
答案：B 本题题意：我们的目的是重质不重量。rather than表示“而不是”。(4)—Were you busy at weekend?
—Very. Rather than________time playing cards as usual, I devoted every effort to________an advertisement.
A．wasting; making B．waste; make
C．to waste; make D．a waste of; making
答案：A 本题题意：“周末忙吗？”“非常忙。不再像往常一样把时间浪费在打牌上，我全力以赴在设计一则广告。”devote...to...表示“把时间或精力等花费在……”，其中to为介词，后接名词或动名词担任宾语。此外，rather than连接并别结构，为了前后结构平衡，第一空采用动名词。
