课件20张PPT。
discovery(n.)
1)[C] 被发现的事物(或真相，人)
①The drug is not a new discovery——it's been known about for years.
这种药并不是什么新发现——人们多年前对它已有所了解。
②A collector of rare insects will show us some of his latest discoveries.
一位稀有昆虫采集家将给我们看一些他的最新发现。2)[C&U]～(of sth)|～(that...) 发现；发觉
①He made wonderful discoveries in science.
他在科学上有过伟大的发现。
②At first, he was pleased with the discovery.
开始，这个发现使他高兴了一阵子。
【知识运用】
(1)(2004广东-28) While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made________discovery which completely changed________man's understanding of colour.
A．a; 不填 B．a; the
C．不填； the D．the; a答案：A 本题题意：在研究望远镜的改进方式时，牛顿有了一个彻底改变人类对颜色认知的发现。make a discovery表示“发现”；man 表示“人类”，不和冠词连用，偶尔采用复数形式。例如：This happens time and again in the course of the history of man.在人类历史的进程中，这种事一次又一次地发生。(2)(原创)During the last half of the 20th century，the pace of scientific________accelerated greatly，particularly in the biological sciences.
A．invention B．discovery
C．construction D．creation
答案：B 本题题意：在20世纪的后半叶，科学发现的速度大大加快了，特别是在生物科学领域。scientific discovery表示“科学发现”。(3)The________of the computer has made our work much easier.
A．invention B．discovery
C．recognition D．realization
答案：A 本题题意：计算机的发明让我们的工作轻松多了。invention表示“发明；创造”。work sth out
1)计划；思考
I've worked out a new way of doing it.
我想出了做这事的一个新方法。
2)找到……的答案；处理、解决
I can't work out where the music was coming from.
我弄不清这音乐是从哪儿传来的。
3)计算；算出
How could he work out the problem?
他怎样才能解出这道题呢？【知识拓展】
1)work out
(1)成功地发展
Things have worked out quite well for us.
事情的结果对我们很不错。
(2)锻炼身体，做运动
I work out regularly to keep fit.
我经常做运动以保持健康。
(3)～(at sth)计算；计算出
It'll work out cheaper to travel by bus.
算来还是乘坐公共汽车便宜。2)work sb out了解；理解(某人的性格)
I've never been able to work her out.
我从没能摸准她的秉性。
【知识运用】
(1)(辽宁省大连市2010年高三第一次模拟考试) The government had hoped to draw as much attention as possible to this problem but it didn't ________that way.
A．work out B．give out
C．go out D．pick out
答案：A 本题题意：政府曾经希望尽可能引起人们对这个问题的关注， 然而事情并没有按照政府所希望的方向发展。work out表示“成功地发展”。(2)(2008陕西-11) We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn't quite________.
A．find out B．give out
C．hand out D．work out
答案：D 本题题意：我们本来想要在中午以前完成任务，但是任务完成地相当差。work out表示“成功地发展”。(3)(原创)The student decided to________the difficult problem by himself.
A．worked out B．turned out
C．came out D．gave out
答案：A 本题题意：这个学生决心独自解决这道难题。work out表示“计算，算出”。(4)(原创)He felt sure that we could________all the difficulties connected with production and supply.
A．help out B．carry out
C．hand out D．work out
答案：D 本题题意：他确信我们可以解决有关生产与供应的一切困难。work out表示“找到……的答案；处理、解决”。课件123张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇
根据提示写出相应单词
1．________(adj.)宽大的；仁慈的→________(n.)仁慈；宽恕
2．________(n.)产品→________(v.)生产→________(n.)生产→________(n.)生产者，制造者
3．________(adj.)方便的→________(n.)方便；便利
4．________(n.)期待，预期→________(v.)预期，期盼
5．________(adj.)消极的→________(adj. 反义词)
6．________(adj.)突然的；意外的→________(adv.)
7．________(n.)立方体；立方→________(adj.)立方的8．________(adj.)高兴的；愉快的→________(adv.)
9．________(n.)(评判的)标准；尺度→________(复数形式)
10．________(adj.)成熟的；熟的→________(v.)熟；成熟
答案：1.merciful; mercy 2.product; produce; production; producer 3.convenient; convenience 4.expectation; expect 5.passive; active 6.abrupt; abruptly 7.cube; cubic 8．merry; merrily 9.criterion; criteria 10.ripe; ripenⅡ.短语：
1．call________给……打电话
2．now________then 有时；偶尔
3．set________ 着手；开始
4．apply________a patent 申请专利
5．distinguish...________... 把……和……区别开
答案：1.up 2.and 3.about 4.for 5.fromⅢ.语篇导读
阅读课文，完成下列表格。(每空一词)答案：1.merciful 2.stainless 3.freezes 4.habital 5.keep 6.cover 7.carry 8.collect 9.release 10.recognition1．distinguish (v.)
1)～(between)A and B|～A from B 区别， 辨别；分清
①At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？
②The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.
这对孪生儿长得很像， 无人能分辨出谁是谁。2)～A(from B)成为……的特征；使具有……的特色；使有别于
①The male is distinguished(from the female)by its red beak.
由喙部为红色这一特点可以辨认出其为雄性。
②Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals.
使用言语是人类有别于动物的特征。3)看清；认出；听出
①I can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps.
我能根据室友的脚步声辨认出他们。
②I could not distinguish her words, but she sounded excited.
我听不清她所说的话，但听得出她很兴奋。
4)～oneself(as sth)使出众；使著名；使受人青睐
①She distinguished herself as a black lawyer.
她成了一位杰出的黑人律师。
②She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
作为运动员她已享有盛名。【知识运用】
(1)(台州市2010年高三年级第二次调考试题英语) The man must be the leader of the group, easily________by his special uniform.
A．separated B．divided
C．distinguished D．selected
答案：C 本题题意：那位男子一定是小组长，凭他的那身制服很容易认出他。distinguish表示“辨别；分清”。(2)I can't________the difference between margarine and butter.
A．differ B．distinguish
C．recognize D．tell
答案：D 本题题意：我尝不出人造黄油和黄油有什么区别。tell the difference between A and B表示“分辨出……和……之间的差异”。(3)It is certainly important to________between right and wrong.
A．differ B．distinguish
C．recognize D．tell
答案：B 本题题意：明辨是非当然要紧。distinguish和tell都可以表示“区分”，都可以采用distinguish/tell A from B句式，但distinguish还可以采用distinguish between A and B句式。(4)采用适当的介词填空：
①He is distinguished________an economist.
②All these islands are very beautiful, and distinguished________various qualities.
③The Chinese nation is distinguished ________its diligence and courage.
④The culture of the modern man is characteristically urban, as distinguished________the folk culture.答案：
①as 译文：他以经济学家闻名。be distinguished as 表示“辨明为， 称之为”。
②by 译文：所有这些岛屿都风景秀丽，各有千秋。be distinguished by 表示“以……为特征”。
③for 译文：中华民族以勤劳勇敢著称。be distinguished for 表示“以……而著名”。
④from 译文：现代人的文化以都市文化为其特征，它有别于乡村文化。be distinguished from表示“不同于；与……加以区别”。2．approach
a) n.
1)[C]～(to sth)(待人接物或思考问题的)方式，方法，态度
She took the wrong approach in her dealings with them.
她用错误的手段和他们打交道。
2)(距离或时间上的)接近
At her approach the children ran off.
当她走近的时候，孩子们都跑了。3)[C] 通路；路径；道路
Police are patrolling the major approach roads to the stadium.
警察正在通往运动场的主要通路上巡逻。
b) v.
1)(在距离或时间上的)靠近，接近
The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house.
我们要想一想买新房子的事了， 时机即将来临。
2)～sb(about/for sth)|～sb(about doing sth) 接洽，建议，要求
She approached the bank for a loan.
她向银行要求贷款。3)着手处理(事务﹑ 难题等)；对付
Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it.
要想解决这一难题， 咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策。【词语辨析】
approach, method, manner, way
这些名词均含有“方法；办法”之意。
1)approach指从事某事的特别方法、途径。
The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.
学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。
2)method 指一个详细的，逻辑有序的计划； 系统的具有一定理论性的方法。强调条理性和高效率。
Our teacher is showing us a new method of writing.
老师告诉我们一种书写的新方法。3)manner强调的是行动或步骤的个性和独特性的方法，主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式。
I don't object to what she says, but I strongly disapprove of her manner of saying it.
我并不反对她说的话，但我很反感她说这话的方式。
4)way指做事情的方法、方式，也可泛指思想方法，生活方式等。
Each successful manager has a way of his own in bringing his views to bear.
每一个成功的经理都有他自己独特的方式使别人接受他的意见。【知识运用】
(1)(2006湖北-24)At the meeting they discussed three different________to the study of mathematics.
A．approaches B．means
C．methods D．ways
答案：A 本题题意：在会议上，他们讨论了三种不同的数学学习方法。approach表示“(待人接物或思考问题的)方式、方法、态度”， 指从事某事的特别方法、途径。approach与介词to搭配，其余三个词与介词of搭配。例如：I like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。(2)My parents always let me have my own________of living.
A．way B．method
C．manner D．fashion
答案：A 本题题意：父母总是允许我拥有自己的生活方式。way表示“(群体的)行为方式，生活方式”。(3)(2001上海春-53)There are usually at least two________of looking at every question.
A．means B．directions
C．views D．ways
答案：D 本题题意：人们通常从至少两个方面看待问题。way表示“某方面，某点或某特征”；例如：Tom resembles his father in many ways汤姆在很多方面像他的父亲。(4)(2009浙江-6) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy________to the digital resources of the library.
A．access B．passage
C．way D．approach
答案：A 本题题意：这套系统是根据下列原则设计地，为学生提供方便快捷存取图书馆数字资源的机会。access表示“(使用或见到的)机会，权利”。 3．convenient (adj.)
1)～(for sb/sth)实用的；便利的；方便的；省事的
①Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
你明天开始工作方便吗？
②We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.
我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会。
③A bicycle's often far more convenient than a car in busy cities.
在热闹的都市里骑自行车往往比坐汽车方便得多。2)～(for sth)附近的；近便的；容易到达的
①It's useful to have a convenient supermarket.
附近有家超市实在方便。
②The house is very convenient for several schools.
这座房子离几所学校都很近。【知识拓展】
1)convenience [U] 方便；适宜；便利
The hotel has a restaurant for the guests' convenience.
这家旅馆为方便旅客设有餐厅。
2)conveniently (adv.) 方便地
My house is conveniently near a bus-stop.
我家离公共汽车站不远， 非常方便。【知识运用】
(1)(2010东北三省四市第二次联合考试) No ready technical data was________， but we managed to go without.
A．believable B．convenient
C．available D．accessible
答案：C 本题题意：没有现成的技术资料可以利用，但我们也设法照样干下去了。available表示“(指物)可用的或可得到的”。(2)(2008山东-33) Would it be________for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?
A．free B．vacant
C．handy D．convenient
答案：D 本题题意： 你4点钟到机场去接我方便吗？convenient表示“便利的；方便的”。 (3)(2005天津-32)If it is quite________to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
A．convenient B．fair
C．easy D．comfortable
答案：A 本题题意：如果你方便的话，我将在下周二拜访你。convenient表示“方便的；便利的”，多用It's convenient to sb.结构。(4)(2002北京春-35) Come and see me whenever____.
A．you are convenient
B．you will be convenient
C．it is convenient to you
D．it will be convenient to you
答案：C 本题题意：你方便的时候请来看望我。convenient表示“方便的；便利的”。注意，convenient的主语不能为表示“人”的词。(5)(原创)You'd better make it a little later if it's ______to you.
A．fair B．comfortable
C．convenient D．available
答案：C 本题题意：如果你觉得方便的话，最好推迟些时间。convenient表示“方便的；便利的”。4．seize (v.)
1)～sth(from sb)抓住；捉住；夺
The policeman seized the thief by the arm.
警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。
2)～a chance, an opportunity etc. 抓住，把握(时机、机会等)
Don't hesitate; seize the first opportunity that comes along!
别再犹豫了，一有机会就抓住它！
3)逮捕；捉拿；俘获
The men were seized as they left the building.
那些人在离开那栋房子时被抓获。【知识拓展】
1)seize on/upon sth 突然大为关注，抓住(可利用的事物)
①She seized on my suggestion and began work immediately.
她采纳了我的建议，马上干了起来。
②The critics seized on my mistake and said I was ignorant.
批评我的人抓住了我的错误就硬说我一无所知。2)be seized with被……侵扰； 患， 得(病)
①The man was seized with panic.
这个人惊惶失措。
②The child was seized with an illness.
这个小孩得了病。【词语辨析】
seize, trap, arrest, capture, catch
这些动词均有“抓住，捕捉”之意。
1)seize侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速抓住或捉住。
He seized her hand and shook it heartily.
他抓住她的手热情地握着。
2)trap多指诱捕。
He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract.
他觉得自己是中了圈套才接受了这合同条款。3)arrest指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留。
After the match three youths were arrested.
比赛过后有三个青年被捕。
4)capture指通过武力或计谋等，战胜抵抗而捉住敌人或动物。
The animals were captured in nets and sold to local zoo.
那些动物用网捕获后被卖到当地的动物园。
5)catch普通用词，指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物，一般指活捉。
The goalkeeper jumped and caught the ball.
守门员跳起来接住了球。【知识运用】
(1)So many of these people have________the public imagination and have contributed to public debate.
A．trapped B．seized
C．buried D．devoted
答案：B 本题题意：所以，这些人中的很多人都抓住了公众的想象力并且成为公众议论的对象。seize表示“吸引(注意力)，唤起(想象)”。(2)He seized________my mistake and said I didn't understand.
A．up B．with
C．on D．against
答案：C 本题题意：他抓住了我的错误就硬说我不懂。seize on/upon sth 表示“突然大为关注，抓住(可利用的事物)”。(3)采用 trap, arrest, capture, catch或 seize的适当形式填空：
①________the chance, otherwise you'll regret it.
②The policeman________the thief.
③Our dog likes________biscuits in its mouth.
④Allied troops________over 300 enemy soldiers.
⑤I caught a boy________apples from the garden.
⑥We became________by the rising flood water.
⑦She tried to________the gun from him.答案：①Seize 本题题意：抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。seize a chance/an opportunity, etc. 表示“抓住，把握(机会、时机等)”。
②arrested/captured 本题题意：警察逮捕了/抓住了小偷。
③catching 本题题意：我们的狗喜欢用嘴接饼干。
④captured 本题题意：盟军俘获了300多名敌方士兵。
⑤stealing 本题题意：我撞见一个男孩儿偷园里的苹果。catch sb doing sth表示“当场发现(或发觉)……”。
⑥trapped 本题题意：我们被上涨的洪水困住了。
⑦seize 本题题意：她试图夺他的枪。5．valid (adj.)
1)(法律上)有效的；(正式)认可的
①The cheque is not valid if it were not signed by the finance director.
如果没有主管财务的董事签字支票就无效。
②The ticket is valid for one month.
这票子一个月内有效。2)(指论据﹑ 理由等)符合逻辑的；合理的；有根据的；确凿的
①Oversleeping is not a valid excuse for being late for school.
睡过头并不是上学迟到的正当理由。
②Her argument is valid.
她的论点是站得住脚的。【知识运用】
(1)The incident left a________impression on me.
A．valid B．vivid
C．live D．available
答案：B 本题题意：那件事给我留下了深刻的印象。vivid表示“(技艺，描述等)清晰的；生动的；逼真的”。(2)She had________reasons for not supporting the proposals.
A．valid B．vivid
C．live D．available
答案：A 本题题意：她有充分的理由不支持这些建议。valid表示“(指论据﹑ 理由等)符合逻辑的；合理的；有根据的；确凿的”。(3)(2009天津-1)I'm not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a________imagination.
A．clear B．cautious
C．funny D．vivid
答案：D 本题题意：他成了一名作家，我一点儿也不惊讶。即使在孩提时代，他也是想象力活跃。vivid imagination表示“活跃的想象力”。(4)(原创)Oversleeping is not a ________excuse for being late for school.
A．legal B．valid
C．vivid D．effective
答案：B 本题题意：睡过头并不是上学迟到的正当理由。a valid reason表示“一个正当理由”。1．go through sth
1)经历；遭受
No one knows what I went through while I was waiting for the verdict.
没有人能知道我在静候判决时所承受的痛苦。
2)仔细查看某事物；检查某事物；审查某事物
There is a mistake somewhere；we'll have to go through the accounts and see where it is.
不知哪儿有个错误；我们得再把账目彻底过一下，看错在哪儿。3)(尤指反复地)详细研究，仔细琢磨
Let's go through the arguments again.
咱们再详细研究一下这些论据吧。
4)穿过；通过
A terrible noise went through the house.
一阵可怕的声音响彻整座房子。
5)执行某行动；实现某方法；履行某程序
They went through the marriage service.
他们举行了婚礼。
6)用完；耗尽
Have you gone through all your money?
你把所有的钱都花光了吗？【知识拓展】
1)go through(法律、合同等正式)通过；接受；达成
The new law has gone through(Congress)．
这项新法律(国会)已经通过了。
2)go through with sth完成(或做完)艰难(或令人不快)的事
He went through with his plan although all his friends advised him to abandon it.
尽管他的朋友们都建议他放弃，他还是把计划进行到底。【知识运用】
(1)Our country________ten years of rapid development in science and technology.
A．went off B．has gone off
C．went through D．has gone through
答案：D 本题题意：我们的国家经历了十年科技的迅猛发展。go through表示“经历；遭受”。go off表示“离开(尤指去做某事)；(电灯)熄灭；(电)中断；停止运行”；例如：The heating goes off at night. 暖气夜间停止供暖。(2)We have gone________the details of the plan to________there are no mistakes.
A．through; find out B．over; find out
C．after; make sure D．through; make sure
答案：D 本题题意：我们仔细地审查了计划的每一个细节，以确保没有任何错误。go through 表示“仔细查看某事物；检查某事物；审查某事物”。make sure(of sth/that...)表示“查明，核实，弄清(某事属实或已做)；确保，设法保证”。(3)(原创)He's determined to ________the marriage despite his parents' opposition.
A．get along with B．go through with
C．get away from D．fit in with
答案：B 本题题意：他不顾父母的反对决心举办这桩婚事。go through with sth表示“完成(或做完)艰难(或令人不快)的事”。2．call up
1)打电话给…
Call me(up)this evening, if it's convenient to you.
如果方便的话，今天晚上打个电话给我。
2)使回忆起；使想起
The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood.
大海的气息勾起了她对童年的回忆。
3)征召、召集服兵役；征调运动员为国参赛
The government called up reserve troops for active duty.
政府征召后备役军人服役。【知识拓展】
1)bring/call sb/sth to mind
(1)想起；忆起
She couldn't call to mind where she had seen him before.
她想不起曾在哪里见过他。
(2)使想起；使忆起
The painting brings to mind some of Qi Baishi's early works.
这幅油画使人们想起了齐白石早期的一些作品。2)come/spring to mind 突然忆起(或想到)
①The title just won't come to mind.
那个标题就是想不起来。
②A number of possibilities come to mind.
我脑里出现了好几种可能性。
3)remind sb of sb/sth 使想起(类似的人、地方、事物等)
①He reminds me of his brother.
我见到他便想起了他的哥哥。
②This song reminds me of France.
我一听到这首歌就想起了法国。【知识运用】
(1)(2006湖北-27) As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village______scenes of my childhood.
A．called up B．called for
C．called on D．called in
答案：A 本题题意：因为我在山脚下的一个小镇里长大，对这个村庄的访问唤起了我对童年的回忆。call up表示“使回忆起；使想起”。(2)(上海2000春-24) What you said just now______me of that America professor.
A．mentioned B．informed
C．reminded D．memorized
答案：C 本题题意：你刚才的一席话使我想起了那位美国教授。remind sb of sb/sth表示“使想起(类似的人、地方、事物等)”。(3)(原创)This morning someone________from downtown and asked to see me at two o'clock.
A．called on B．called up
C．called back D．called for
答案：B 本题题意：今天早上有人从市里打电话来，要求在两点钟时来看我。call up表示“打电话给……”。(4)(原创)Mary's grandfather was ________right at the beginning of World War II and lost his life in battle.
A．called on B．called in
C．called up D．called for
答案：C 本题题意：玛丽的祖父在第二次世界大战一开始就应征入伍，并在一次战斗中阵亡了。call up表示“征召、召集服兵役”。3．(every) now and then/again 有时；偶尔；时常
①He went to see his grandmother every now and then.
他时而去看看他的祖母。
②Everyone needs a pat on the back now and then.
每个人都需要不时地得到鼓励。【知识运用】
(1)We all write________， even when there's not much to say.
A．now and then B．by and by
C．step by step D．more or less
答案：A 本题题意：即使在没有什么话语可说时，我们都时常写写信。(every)now and then/again表示“有时；偶尔；时常”。(2)Every________she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.
A．now and then B．once in a while
C．from time to time D．more or less
答案：A 本题题意：她时而到楼上看看他是否还在睡着。(every)now and then/again表示“有时；偶尔；时常”。(3)(原创)________a strange bird flew past, otherwise there was no sign of life.
A．From then on B．Since then
C．Now and again D．On the contrary
答案：C 本题题意：天上时而飞过一种怪鸟，除此之外就没有任何生命的痕迹了。(every) now and then/again 表示“有时；偶尔；时常”。4．get rid of sb/sth 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉
①We will be glad to get rid of him.
摆脱他，我们将很高兴。
②The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it can't get rid of them.
该店定购了20本这种书， 现在却无法脱手。
③How can you get rid of a bad habit?
你怎样才能改掉坏习惯呢？【知识拓展】
1)be rid of sb/sth摆脱
It won't be long before we can be rid of the pest altogether.
不用太久，我们就能把这种害虫消除干净。
2)rid sb/sth of sb/sth 去除；清除
Further measures will be taken to rid streets of crime.
将采取进一步的措施来防范街头犯罪。【知识运用】
(1)The prisoner________from his guards.
A．hold back from B．keep out of
C．break away from D．get rid of
答案：C 本题题意：囚犯从看守者手中逃脱了。break away(from sb/sth)表示“突然逃脱， 挣脱(束缚)”。(2)You are supposed to________carelessness, for it often leads to irretrievable errors.
A．hold back from B．keep out of
C．break away from D．get rid of
答案：D 本题题意：你们一定要克服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起无可挽回的错误。get rid of表示“摆脱；丢弃；扔掉”。(3)(原创)The directors were trying to________her, but her staff all supported her.
A．get along with B．get in touch with
C．get rid of D．get away from
答案：C 本题题意：董事们都想把她撤掉，可是她那部门的人员全都支持她。get rid of表示“摆脱；丢弃；扔掉”。5．set about(doing)sth开始做；着手做
①Do you know how to set about going on this work?
你知道怎样着手进行这项工作吗？
②Gathering up the thread of his story, he set about writing.
他整理好故事的线索便开始写作。【知识运用】
(1)She________to break the world land speed record.
A．set about B．set out
C．set off D．set forth
答案：B 本题题意：她决心要打破陆上速度的世界纪录。set out to do sth表示“(怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务”。 (2)He was not considered for the job when they______choosing a new manager.
A．set about B．set out
C．set off D．set forth
答案：A 本题题意：选任新经理时没有考虑他。 set about(doing)sth表示“开始做；着手做”。(3)Busy as they are, parents should________at least two hours every week to spend with their children.
A．set about B．set out
C．set aside D．set off
答案：C 本题题意：尽管工作繁忙，但是父母每周应该留出至少两个小时的时间与子女一起玩。set aside表示“省出，留出(钱或时间)”。(4)(2008山东-29) Einstein liked Bose's paper so much that he________his own work and translated it into German.
A．gave off B．turned down
C．took over D．set aside
答案：D 本题题意：爱因斯坦非常喜欢玻色的论文，他把自己的工作搁到一边并把这篇论文翻译成德语。set aside表示“把……放到一旁(或搁到一边)”。例如：Setting the chair aside, he sat on the floor.他把椅子搁到一旁， 坐在了地板上。6．decide on/upon sth 选定；决定
①Don't decide on important matters too quickly.
不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作决定。
②First, we must decide on the location of our new swimming pool.
我们先得给新游泳池选个地点。【知识运用】
(1)At first I did not know which one would be the best, but afterwards I________this.
A．caught on B．stood out
C．decided on D．made out
答案：C 本题题意：起先我不知道哪一个好，后来才选定这个。decide on/upon sth 表示“选定；决定”。(2)Then we shall________the steps to be taken immediately.
A．set about B．pick out
C．decide on D．carry on
答案：C 本题题意：然后我们来决定应该立刻采取什么办法。(3)(原创)Jane wanted to call everyone together for dinner again to________the departure date.
A．take on B．put on
C．decide on D．come on
答案：C 本题题意：简想招大家吃饭商定行期。decide on/upon sth 表示“选定；决定”。7．pick sb/sth up
1)拿起；举起；提起
①Where was it that you picked up the wallet?
你在哪里捡到钱包的？
②He picked up the child and carried him into the house.
他抱起了孩子并把他抱进了屋里。
2)接收(信号、声音、图像等)
①My radio can pick up France.
我的收音机可收听法国广播。
②We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.
我们能收到英国广播公司国际广播节目。【知识拓展】
1)pick sth up
(1)(偶然)得到；听到；学会
Children usually pick up foreign languages very quickly.
儿童通常能很快地学会外语。
(2)辨认出；识别出
Scientists can now pick up early signs of the disease.
现在科学家能够辨认出这种疾病的早期症状。(3)(碰巧或廉价地)买回
I picked up some soft drinks on the way home.
在回家的路上我买了些饮料。
(4)得；感染，得到
I seemed to pick up a virus in the office.
我似乎在办公室染上了病毒。
(5)回到(本题)；恢复原状
He picks up this theme again in later chapters of the book.
在该书的后几章，他又重回到这个主题中。(6)收拾；整理
Please pick up all your toys when you've finished playing.
在你们玩完以后，请把所有的玩具都收拾起来。2)pick sb up
(1)(开车)接人
I'll pick you up/call for you at the station.
我去车站接你。
(2)让人乘车；搭载
The bus picked up passengers outside the airport.
公共汽车在机场外接乘客。3)pick up
(1)改善；好转；增强
Sales have picked up 14% this year.
今年销售额增长了14%。
(2)重新开始；(休息后)继续
Let's pick up the discussion after lunch.
我们吃过午饭再继续讨论吧。
【知识运用】
(1)(2010山东－27) Sam ________some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A.brought up B．looked up
C．picked up D．set up
答案：C 本题题意：山姆只是旁观他人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。pick up表示“(偶然)得到，学会，听到”。(2)(2010四川－8) Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man________and left.
A．took up B．got up
C．shut up D．set up
答案：B 本题题意：詹妮正在寻找一个座位。幸运的是，一个人突然起身走了。get up意为“由(座位等)站起来”。(3)(2006福建-28) She________Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.
A．picked out B．made out
C．made up D．picked up
答案：D 本题题意：她在日本期间学会了日语。现在她已运用自如。pick up表示“(偶然)得到；学会；听到”。(4)(2007四川-33)It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ________my friend.
A．turn out B．bring out
C．call out D．pick out
答案：D 本题题意：电影院内漆黑一片，我几乎辨认不出我的朋友。pick out表示“认出来；辨别出”。(5)(原创)We didn't have a receiver sensitive enough to ________the signal.
A．pick up B．take in
C．draw on D．bring in
答案：A 本题题意：我们的接收器不够灵敏，未能收到这个信号。pick up表示“接收(信号、声音、图像等)”。(6)(原创)He stopped the car to ________a young girl who was hitch-hiking across Europe.
A．pull up B．take up
C．pick up D．call up
答案：C 本题题意：他停下车来搭载一个乘便车旅行欧洲的年轻女郎。pick up表示“让人乘车；搭载”。1．Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved?
你知道发明者在他们的发明得到认可之前要经历哪些阶段吗？
【知识剖析】
have their invention approved构成“have＋宾语＋过去分词(即have＋复合宾语)”结构。其详细用法为：
1)表示动作的被动(动作已经完成)
We had the machine repaired.
我们请人把机器修好了。2)表示动作的被动(动作还未发生；此时，不能采用to be done形式)
He was talking about having central heating put in. Did he have it put in in the end?
他那会儿总说要找人装暖气。到底装上了没有？
3)表示动作的被动(动作正在发生)
I can't ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment.
这一周我不能请你来吃饭了，因为现在我正让人刷房子呢。4)表示意外或不幸遭遇(动作已经完成)
He had his fruit stolen before he had a chance to pick it.
他树上的果子还没来得及摘就被人偷掉了。
【知识拓展】
1)have＋宾语＋现在分词
(1)让……一直处于某状态
He had us laughing all through the meal.
在吃饭期间，他让我们笑个不停。
(2)表示预期的目标
Will you really have her driving in three days?
你真的能在三天之内就教会她开车吗？
(3)表示不愿引起的后果
If you give all-night parties，you'll have the neighbours complaining.
你如果举办通宵晚会，会搞得邻居们都抱怨你的。(4)与won't/can't连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”
I won't have him sitting down to dinner in his overalls. I make him change them.
我不允许他穿着工作服就坐下吃饭。我要他换衣服。
2)have＋宾语＋(不带to)不定式
①The teachers have us leave to do the homework.
老师让我们留下来做作业。
②I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park.
我要他在公园门口等我。【知识运用】
(1)(2008全国2-12)The director had her assistant________some hot dogs for the meeting.
A．picked up B．picks up
C．pick up D．picking up
答案：C 本题题意：主管让她的助手为会议买一些热狗。本题考查have sb do sth句式(即：使役动词have后接(不带to的)不定式担任宾语补足语。动作pick up与her assistant之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”关系，此外，动作还未发生，采用不带to的不定式担任宾语补足语。(2)(2008上海春-39) If we have illegal immigrants________in, many local workers will lose their jobs.
A．came B．coming
C．to come D．having come
答案：B 本题题意：如果我们允许非法移民进入，很多的本地工人将会失业。本题考查使役动词have后接现在分词担任宾语补足语的用法。(3)(2007福建-24) Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English________in a short period.
A．improved B．improving
C．to improve D．improve
答案：A 本题题意：珍妮希望史密斯先生提出一个短期内就能使其书面英语水平得到提高的好方法。本题考查“have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构。名词her written English与动作improve之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(4)—Good morning. Can I help you?
—I'd like to have this package________， madam.
A．be weighed B．to be weighed
C．to weigh D．weighed
答案：D 本题题意：“你好，我可以帮助你吗？”“女士，我想称量一下这个包裹。”本题考查have sth done结构，表示动作的被动， 动作还未发生。注意：使役动词have后面不用to be done结构作补语。(5)(原创)He slipped and had his leg________.As a result, he had to be away from school for two months.
A．break B．broken
C．breaking D．to break
答案：B 本题题意：他滑了一跤，摔伤了腿。结果，他只得两个月不来上学。本题考查have sth done结构，表示逻辑上的“被动”和时间上的“完成”。(6)(原创)Will you mind had him________me back sometime tomorrow?
A．to call B．call
C．calling D．called
答案：B 本题题意：请叫他明天什么时候给我打个回电好吗？本题考查have sb do sth结构，表示“让某人做某事”。2．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。
【知识剖析】
only与副词、介词短语或状语从句连用放在句首时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用“部分倒装”语序，状语从句部分采用正常语序。例如：
①Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。②Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
③Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
只有在病得很重时，他才卧床休息。【知识运用】
(1)(2010年东北三校高三第一次联合模拟考试) Only when________in the afternoon________able to leave.
A．the match was over; they were
B．was the match over; were they
C．was the match over; they were
D．the match was over; were they
答案：D 本题题意：只有下午的那场比赛结束之后，他们才能够离去。only与状语从句连用放在句首时，主句采用“部分倒装”语序，状语从句部分采用正常语序。(2)(2008江西-31) It was announced that only when the fire was under control________to return to their homes.
A．the residents would be permitted
B．had the residents been permitted
C．would be residents be permitted
D．the residents had been permitted
答案：C 本题题意：已正式宣布，只有大火得到控制后居民才能重返家园。在连词that引导的主语从句中，“only＋when”引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主语从句采用部分倒装语序。此外，考虑时间概念，采用过去将来时。(3)(2008重庆-26) Only when I left my parents for Italy________how much I loved them.
A．I realized B．I had realized
C．had I realized D．did I realize
答案：D 本题题意：只有当我离开父母动身前往意大利时，我才意识到自己多么爱他们。only位于句首，修饰副词，介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装结构； 此外，根据时间状语从句when I left my parents for Italy 可以确定句子采用一般过去时。(4)(2006浙江-9) ________by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A．Only B．Just
C．Still D．Yet
答案：A 本题题意：只有控制成本才能使Power Data公司保持对其他公司的竞争优势。only位于句首且与介词短语连用时，句子采用部分倒装的语序。(5)(2006陕西-16) Only then________how much damage had been caused.
A．she realized B．she had realized
C．had she realized D．did she realize
答案：D 本题题意：直到那时她才意识到所造成的损害有多严重。only位于句首，修饰副词， 介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序； 此外，根据时间状语then可以确定句子采用一般过去时。3．Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.
你的产品要经过仔细调查，证实它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。【知识剖析】
具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外)，句子通常采用部分倒装；这类词或短语常见的有：not, nor, neither, never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, not until…， no sooner...(than), hardly...(when), not only...(but also)，no sooner...than等。例如：
①He can't see, nor/neither could he hear until a month ago.
他现在看不见， 一个月之前他还听不见。②I haven't been to New York before and neither has my sister.
我以前没去过纽约， 我妹妹也没去过。
③Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before.
我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
④So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
据我所知，玛丽几乎很少回来看她妈妈。
⑤Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。⑥By no means are these goods satisfactory.
这些货物一点也不令人满意。
⑦Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night.
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
⑧Not only was the city polluted, but the streets were crowded.
不仅城市被污染了，而且街道也很拥挤。
⑨No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.
我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。 ⑩Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang.
他还未做完试卷，下课铃就响了。 【知识运用】
(1)(2010江西－33) Not until he left his home________to know how important the family was for him.
A．did he begin B．had he begun
C．he began D．he had begun
答案：A 本题题意：直到离开了家，他才开始了解到家庭对他来说有多重要。not until等具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外)时，句子采用部分倒装结构，排除选项C和选项D。此外，客观陈述过去的一个事实，采用一般过去时。(2)(2009全国1-31) The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only________，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A．saved was teachers' energy
B．was teachers' energy saved
C．teachers' energy was saved
D．was saved teachers' energy
答案：B 本题题意：计算机应用于教学活动中。结果，不仅教师节省了精力，而且学生对课程更感兴趣。“not only...but also...”，连接两个并列句时，第一个并列句采用部分倒装结构，第二个并列句采用正常语序。(3)(2009山东-27)So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.
A．did the attack B．the attack did
C．was the attack D．the attack was
答案：C 本题题意：攻击如此突然以致于敌人来不及逃走。在so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句中，若so, such与其所修饰的词置于句首，则句子采用部分倒装结构。(4)(2009陕西-18)Little________about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A．did Rose care B．Rose did care
C．Rose does care D．does Rose care
答案：A 本题题意：虽然她自身处境非常危险，但是罗斯几乎没有考虑个人安危。little等具有否定意义的词位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装结构。(5)(2009四川-16)Not until I came home last night ________to bed.
A．Mum did go B．did Mum go
C．went Mum D．Mum went
答案：B 本题题意：昨晚直到我回家，妈妈才上床睡觉。not until等具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子通常采用“部分倒装”语序。(6)(2009重庆-33)Unsatisfied______with the payment, he took the job just to got some work experience.
A．though was he B．though he was
C．he was though D．was he though
答案：B 本题题意：尽管对于薪酬感到不满意，但是他仅仅为了获得一些工作经验而接受了这份工作。连词as/though引导让步状语从句时，可以将担任表语的形容词或名词提前到句首，句子的其他部分采用部分倒装结构。课件58张PPT。bear (v.)
1)(在否定句或疑问句中与can/could连用) 承受；忍受
He can't bear to be laughed at/bear being laughed at.
他不能容忍被别人取笑。
2)承担责任
We will bear all the expenses.
我们将承担所有的费用。
3)支撑；承受(重量)
The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
冰太薄了，经不起你的重量。 【词语辨析】
bear, stand, endure, tolerate
这些动词均含“忍受”之意。
1)bear口语用词，常可与stand换用，强调“容忍”。
She could not bear seeing the children hungry.
她不忍看到孩子们挨饿。
2)stand口语用词，常可与bear换用，侧重指“经受得起”。
I can't stand the sight of blood.
我一看见血就难受。3)endure书面用词，指长时间忍受痛苦和不幸，着重体力或意志力的坚强不屈服。
The pain was almost too great to endure.
这种痛苦几乎让人难以忍受。
【知识运用】
(1)(2010年4月济南市高三模拟考试) What the young man can't________is that his mum always treats him like a baby.
A．support B．undertake
C．hold D．bear
答案：D 本题题意：令那个小伙子不能忍受的是他妈妈总把他当作一个小婴孩。bear表示“忍受； 忍耐； 承受”。(2)The pain was almost more than he could________.
A．resist B．tolerate
C．bear D．support
答案：C 本题题意：这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。bear与can/could连用，表示“承受；忍受”。(3)(2006北京-35) I can't stand________with Jane in the same office. She just refuses________talking while she works.
A．working; stopping B．to work; stopping
C．working; to stop D．to work; to stop
答案：C 本题题意：我无法忍受和简在同一个办公室内工作。她在工作时总是说个不停。can't stand doing sth表示“不能容忍做某事”；例如：She can't stand being kept waiting. 叫她等着，她会受不了。refuse to do sth表示“拒绝做某事”；例如：She refused to accept that there was a problem. 她拒不承认有问题存在。过去分词担任定语、表语或宾语补足语
Ⅰ.定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。
1．前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或只具有“被动”含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表“完成”含义。1)被动和完成含义：
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
2)被动含义：
She is a respected teacher.
她是一位受人尊敬的老师。
3)完成含义：
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。2．后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
①This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (＝that has ever been written)．
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
②Who were the so-called guests invited (＝who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
③Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。 【知识拓展1】
1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。
①The experience gained will be of great value to us.
取得的经验对我们很有价值。
②By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.
到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了9,200多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。 2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。
①The air-conditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer.
在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。
②The newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
①The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。②This book, (which is)written in simple English, is suitable for beginners to read.
这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。
③The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success.
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
④The meeting, (which was) attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。
①The boy looked up with a pleased expression.
那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
②He spoke with a frightened look.
他说话时显得非常恐惧。【知识拓展2】
1．动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。
①No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
②There is a swimming pool in our school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
2．现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面， 其作用相当于一个定语从句。
①He is a promising young man.
他是一个很有培养前途的青年。②Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room?
你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？
③We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now.
对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。
3．不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”、“动宾”或“同位”三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。
①Our monitor is the first to arrive.
我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系)
②The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is of very importance.
明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系)③I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多事要做。(动宾关系)
④Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系)
⑤They have no happiness to speak of.
他们没有什么幸福可言。Ⅱ.表语
过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的一种状态。
①His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behaviour.
同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。
②The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
这座城市三面环山。
③The door remained locked.
门仍然锁着。
④She looked disappointed.
她看上去很失望。【知识拓展】
1．动名词作表语， 解释或说明主语的内容。此时，主语与表语位置通常可以互换。
①Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.
我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。
②What they are worried about is being left behind.
他们所担心的是别被落在后面。2．现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质，特征或属性；此时，现在分词与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人……的”。
①The news was exciting and we were all excited.
消息令人兴奋，我们都很激动。
②He remained standing beside the table.
他依然站在桌旁。3．不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be, seem, remain, appear, get的后面，用来说明或解释主语的内容。当主语为名词dream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty时，表语通常采用不定式，不用动名词。此时，不定式通常强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。
①The aim is not just to keep busy.
其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。
②He appears to want to leave.
他看来要走。Ⅲ.宾语补足语
过去分词作补语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示“状态”。
1．表示感觉或心理状态的动词(see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等)
①I have never heard the song sung in my school.
我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。
②He watched the TV set carried out of the room.
他看到电视机被搬到屋子外面了。2．表示“使役”意义的动词(have, make, get, keep, leave等)：
①I had my leg broken in the football game.
我的腿在足球赛中摔坏了。
②The reporters keep us informed of the results of the games.
记者不断地告知我们比赛结果。3．表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词(like, order, want, wish, expect等后用过去分词或在过去分词前＋to be)：
①Everyone wishes the matter(to be) settled as soon as possible.
人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。
②I want my house(to be)completed before the national day.
我想让我的房子在国庆节前完工。
【知识拓展】
1．现在分词作补足语
由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。
①I heard her singing when I passed by her room.
我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
②I found the topic being discussed everywhere then.
那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者)③Are you listening to them quarrelling?
你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
④His remarks set me thinking.
他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
⑤The explosion sent us running in all directions.
那次爆炸把我们轰得东奔西逃. (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)2．不定式作补语
1)不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。
①Did you notice him leave the house?
你看到他离开房间了吗？
②I heard her say so.
我听见她是这么说的。
2)某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on, rely on, depend on, wait for, long for, vote for等。
①You can depend on her to be late.
可以担保她必定迟到。②We are longing for the holiday to come.
我们渴望着假日的到来。
3)动词think, consider, believe, find, feel, know, guess, prove, suppose, imagine等词后面，常接“to be＋形容词(名词或反身代词)”结构。
①He's thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.
人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。
②Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.
想象一下你又有钱， 又有名的情况。语法专练
1．(2010全国1－27) Mrs. White showed her students some old maps________from the library.
A．to borrow B．to be borrowed
C．borrowed D．borrowing
答案：C 本题题意：怀特夫人向学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。过去分词短语borrowed from the library担任后置定语，修饰名词some old maps，相当于定语从句which/that were borrowed from the library，表示时间概念上的“完成”以及逻辑关系上的“被动”。2．(2010北京－25) I'm calling to enquire about the position________in yesterday's China Daily.
A．advertised B．to be advertised
C．advertising D．having advertised
答案：A 本题题意：我打电话咨询一下昨天的《中国日报》上所刊登的职位信息。本题考查过去分词担任后置定语，相当于定语从句that/which was advertised in yesterday's China Daily，表示逻辑关系上的“被动”以及时间概念上的“完成”。3．(2010福建－34) In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A．sticking B．stuck
C．to be stuck D．to have stuck
答案：B 本题题意：四月，成千上万的休假者由于火山灰云的缘故而滞留国外。remain用作系动词，表示“仍然是；保持不变”，后接过去分词，形容词或介词短语等作表语，表示主语所处的状态。stuck作为形容词，表示“陷(入)；困(于)”。4．(2010湖南－30) So far nobody has claimed the money________in the library.
A．discovered B．to be discovered
C．discovering D．having discovered
答案：A 本题题意：迄今为止，还没有人来认领在图书馆所发现的钱。本题考查过去分词短语担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that was discovered in the library.5．(2010辽宁－35)Alexander tried to get his work ______in the medical circles.
A．to recognize B．recognizing
C．recognize D．recognized
答案：D 本题题意：亚历山大试图让自己的著作得到医学界的认可。使役动词get后接过去分词短语担任宾语补足语，表示宾语his work与动作recognize之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系。6．(2010四川－4) A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.
A．to question B．to be questioned
C．questioned D．questioning
答案：C 本题题意：接受询问的许多学生说他们被父母逼着练钢琴。本题考查过去分词担任后置定语，相当于定语从句who were questioned.7．(2010上海秋－33) Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues________with her stories.
A．amused B．amusing
C．to amuse D．to be amused
答案：A 本题题意：露西很有幽默感，总是讲故事逗同事开心。keep sb amused 表示“逗乐；让某人开心”。例如：Playing with water can keep children amused for hours. 嬉水能让孩子们开开心心玩好几个小时。8．(2009北京-24)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit________on his own farm.
A．grown B．being grown
C．to be grown D．to grow
答案：A 本题题意：至于早餐，他只饮用从他自己的农场里种植的新鲜水果里所榨取的果汁。本题考查过去分词短语担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that is grown on his own farm.9．(2009上海-33)With the government's aid, those______by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A．affect B．affecting
C．affected D．were affected
答案：C 本题题意：在政府的帮助下，那些遭受地震影响的人们已经搬迁到了新的定居点。本题考查过去分词短语担任后置定语，相当于定语从句who have been affected by the earthquake.10．(2009四川-4) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ________until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A．seated B．seating
C．to seat D．seat
答案：A 本题题意：女士们，先生们，飞机完全停止以前请不要离座。动词seat以及 hide, dress, marry等动词常常采用过去分词形式与系动词连用，表示一个主动的动作。例如： The boy was hidden behind the tree. 那个男孩藏在了树后面。11．(2008福建-33)—Can those________at the back of the classroom hear me?
—No problem.
A．seat B．sit
C．seated D．sat
答案：C 本题题意：“坐在教室后面的人能听到我的声音吗？”“没问题。”本题考查过去分词短语担任定语，相当于定语从句who were seated at the back of the classroom. 注意：be seated表示“坐下；坐着”，在句中担任后置定语时，其前不加being. 12．(2008浙江-13) It is one of the funniest things________on the Internet so far this year.
A．finding B．being found
C．to find D．found
答案：D 本题题意：这是本年度迄今为止在网络上所发现的最有趣的事情之一。本题考查过去分词担任定语，相当于定语从句that have been found on the Internet so far this year.13．(2008湖南-26) The trees________in the storm have been moved off the road.
A．being blown down B．blown down
C．blowing down D．to blow down
答案：B 本题题意：被暴风雨吹倒的树木已经被拖离了路面。本题考查过去分词(短语)在句中担任后置定语，修饰名词the trees，相当于定语从句which/that was blown down in the storm.14．(2008辽宁-31) Please remain________； the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A．seating B．seated
C．to seat D．to be seated
答案：B 本题题意：请就座，获奖者名单很快就会宣布。注意：部分过去分词因来源于系表结构，作表语或状语时不表示 “被动关系”， 而是表示主动含义。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲藏)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。15．(2008江苏-34) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English________as much as we can.
A．speak B．speaking
C．spoken D．to speak
答案：C 本题题意：为了学好英语，我们应该发现机会，尽可能多地去倾听英语会话。动作speak与名词English之间存在逻辑上的“动宾关系”，所以采用过去分词担任动词hear的补足语。16．(2008上海春-38) Throughout history, the language________by a powerful group spreads across a civilization.
A．speaking B．spoken
C．to speak D．to be spoken
答案：B 本题题意：在历史上，强大的群体所使用的语言贯穿人类文明。本题考查过去分词(短语)担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that is spoken by a powerful group.17．(2007上海-36) The Town Hall________in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time.
A．to be completed
B．having been completed
C．completed
D．being completed
答案：C 本题题意：19世纪竣工的市政厅是当时最著名的建筑。本题考查过去分词短语担任定语，相当于定语从句which was completed in the 1800's，表示一个已经完成的被动动作。注意，现在分词的完成式在句中只能担任状语。18．(2007湖南-34) “Things________never come again！” I couldn't help talking to myself.
A．lost B．losing
C．to lose D．have lost
答案：A 本题题意：“失去的东西永不再来！”，我不禁自言自语道。过去分词lost担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that have been lost.19．(2007江苏-30) He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them________in his lectures.
A．interested B．interesting
C．interest D．to interest
答案：A 本题题意：他深受学生们的欢迎，因为他总是力求使他们对自己的授课感兴趣。make sb interested in sth表示“让……对……感兴趣”。表示“人”所处的状态，采用过去分词(短语)。20．(2007上海春-39) She wants her paintings______in the gallery, but we don' t think they would be very popular.
A．display B．to display
C．displaying D．displayed
答案：D 本题题意：她希望自己的油画作品能在画廊中展览，但我们认为这些绘画可能不会有人喜欢。want sth(to be)done表示“希望某事被…”。21．(2006山东-29) Five people won the “China's Green Figure” award, a title________to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
A．being given B．is given
C．given D．was given
答案：C 本题题意：五个人荣获“中国绿色大使”称号，此称号授予那些为环境保护做出贡献的普通老百姓。本题考查过去分词(短语)作定语，转化为定语从句为：which/that is given to ordinary people.注意，在本考题中，担任后置定语的过去分词(短语)只表示逻辑上的动宾关系，并不表示“时间概念”。22．(2006天津-7) A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left________.
A．unsatisfied B．unsatisfying
C．to be unsatisfying D．being unsatisfied
答案：A 本题题意：一个好故事未必有一个美满的结局，但是一定不能令读者感觉不满意。本题考查“leave＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语”结构。采用过去分词unsatisfied表示名词the reader所处的一种状态。此外，unsatisfied译作“不满意的，未得到满足的”。 23．(2006北京-28) There have been several new events________to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A．add B．to add
C．adding D．added
答案：D 本题题意：2008年北京奥运会新添了几个比赛项目。过去分词短语added to在句中作定语，修饰名词new events. 相当于定语从句which have been added to the program....24．(2006上海春-39) In the dream Peter saw himself________by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A．chased B．to be chased
C．be chased D．having been chased答案：A 本题题意：彼得梦到自己被一只饿狼所追逐，突然间从梦中惊醒了。本题考查过去分词作宾语补足语。在“see＋名词/代词＋补足语”句式中，动作chase与himself之间在逻辑上构成动宾关系，宾语提前，采用过去分词。注意：在hear, listen to, see, notice, watch, feel等动词后面，采用现在分词作补语，通常表示动作正在发生；采用省略to的不定式表示动作的全过程；现在分词的完成式在句中只能担任状语(动名词的完成式则担任介词或及物动词的宾语)。
25．(2004重庆-30)Laws that punish parents for their little children's actions against the laws get parents____.
A．worried B．to worry
C．worrying D．worry
答案：A 本题题意：因年幼子女的违法行为而惩罚父母的法律使父母们忧心忡忡。过去分词worried作补语，表示宾语所处的一种状态。课件100张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇：
根据提示写出相应单词。
1．________(vt.) 忍受，忍耐，负担
2．________(v.)轻打，轻拍 (n.)轻轻的敲击(声)，(水)龙头
3．________(vt.) 联想；联系→________(n.)联想；联合；协会
4．________(adj.)实际的；实践的；实用→________(v.)→________(n.)实践
5．________(n.)扩大；延伸；电话分机→________(v.)延长；伸展；扩展→________(adj.)伸出的；扩大的；延长的
6．________(v.)悬挂；把……吊起→________(过去分词)→________绞死；悬挂(过去分词)
7．________(n.)能力；胜任；本领→________(adj.)有能力的；有资格的
答案：1.bear 2.tap 3.associate; association 4.practical; practise/practive; practice 5.extension; extend; extended 6.hang; hung, hunged 7.competence; competentⅡ.短语：
1．dive________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
2．set________to do sth.开始做某事
3．hang________不挂断；稍等，紧紧握住
4．out________order 次序颠倒；发生故障
5．get________设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完，通过
6．ring________回复电话
7．ring________挂断电话
8．be associated________和……有联系
9．be aware________意识到
10．________track 被踩出来的路；常规；惯例答案：1.into 2.out 3.on 4.of 5.through 6.back 7.off 8.with 9.of 10.beaten1．current
a)n.
1)电流
The electric current has been shut off.
电流已被切断。
2)(海洋或江河的) 水流，潮流，气流
There is a strong current in the river.
河里有一股很强的水流。
b)adj.
1)现时发生的；当前的；现在的
Our current methods of production are too expensive.
我们现今用的生产方法太花钱了。
2)通用的；流通的；流行的
This view was current in the country.
当时这种看法在这个国家很流行。【知识运用】
(1)The storm whipped up huge________.
A．currents
B．waves
C．flows
D．streams
答案：B 本题题意：暴风雨掀起了巨浪。wave表示“(波浪， 尤指海浪的)浪头”。(2)The________is strongest in the middle of the river.
A．current
B．wave
C．flow
D．stream
答案：A 本题题意：河中央的水流最急。current表示“(海洋或江河的)水流；潮流；气流”。(3)The government is trying to stop the increasing______of refugees entering the country.
A．current
B．wave
C．flow
D．stream
答案：C 本题题意：政府正在设法阻止越来越多的难民流入本国。flow表示“流；流动”。(4)Cars filed past in an endless________.
A．current
B．wave
C．flow
D．stream
答案：D 本题题意：汽车川流不息，鱼贯而过。flow表示“(人)流；(车)流”。2．importance [U]重要性；重要；重大
①This matter is of vital importance to us.
这件事对我们来说至关重要。
②The items are listed in order of importance.
这些项目是根据其重要性排列的。【知识运用】
(1)(2010江西－25) Parents________much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A．attach B．pay
C．link D．apply
答案：A 本题题意：学生父母十分重视教育。他们会尽其所能给孩子们那份无价之宝。attach importance to 表示“重视；认为……有重要性”。(2)(2004上海春-48) I have read the material several times but it doesn't make any________to me.
A．meaning
B．importance
C．sense
D．significance
答案：C 本题题意：这些材料我已读了几遍，但是我搞不清什么意思。make sense表示“有道理；有意义；讲得通”。(3)We cannot emphasize too much the________of learning English.
A．meaning
B．importance
C．sense
D．understanding
答案：B 本题题意：我们再怎样强调学英文的重要性也不为过。importance表示“重要性；重要；重大”。never与cannot和too搭配，表示“再……也不为过”。3．stable (adj.)
1)稳定的；稳固的；牢固的
①Mentally she's very stable.
她情绪十分稳定。
②This ladder isn't very stable.
这架梯子不太牢靠。2)(人) 稳重的；沉稳的；持重的
①He's about the most stable person I know.
我认识的人当中， 数他最稳重。
②He is a bit neurotic, but his wife is a very stable person.
他有点神经质，但他的妻子是一个非常稳重的人。【词语辨析】
stable, firm, steady
这些形容词都有“稳固的”之意。
1)stable多指根基牢固，平衡良好，也指性格或位置等的稳定，不可移动或改变。
A stable government is essential to economic growth.
稳定的政府对经济增长是重要的。
2)firm指牢固不可动摇或意志、信仰的坚定。
I don't think the chair is firm enough to stand on.
我觉得这椅子不够稳固，不能站人。3)steady指保持平衡不动摇。用于有形物时，指没有根基的稳固，也指动中的稳。
The price of fruits remains steady.
水果的价格保持稳定。【知识运用】
(1)(2007湖北-30) Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a________environment.
A．peaceful
B．sensitive
C．common
D．stable
答案：D 本题题意：水能够吸收或释放出大量热量而引不起大的温差变化，因此建立了一种稳定的环境。stable表示“稳定的；稳固的；牢固的”。(2)She was trembling with excitement but her voice was________.
A．stable
B．firm
C．steady
D．still
答案：C 本题题意：她激动得发抖， 但声音却很平稳。steady(＝not changing and not interrupted)表示“稳定的；恒定的”。本题也可采用形容词calm.(3)My brother has a________belief in the value of cold baths.
A．stable
B．firm
C．steady
D．calm
答案：B 本题题意：我的兄弟坚信洗冷水澡有益健康。firm表示“坚定的；确定的；坚决的”。(4)The high wind passed and the sea was________again.
A．stable
B．firm
C．steady
D．calm
答案：D 本题题意：大风过后，大海又风平浪静了。calm表示“(海洋)风平浪静的”。4．practical (adj.)
1)实际的；真实的；客观存在的
Practical experience is often very important.
实践经验往往是很重要的。
2)(想法、方法或行动)切实可行的
He gave sound and practical advice.
他提出了很好的，切实可行的建议。
3)(东西)有用的；适用的
Your invention is very practical.
你的发明很实用。4)明智的；实事求是的
We must be practical and work out the cost before we make a decision.
我们应该实事求是地先把费用算出来， 然后再做决定。【知识运用】
(1)(2004全国3-29) When we plan our vacation, mother often offers________suggestions.
A．careful
B．practical
C．effective
D．acceptable
答案：B 本题题意：当我们筹划假期安排时，母亲时常提出实际可行的建议。practical表示“(想法、方法或行动)切实可行的”。(2)The owner's brother has been in________control of the firm for years.
A．exact
B．true
C．just
D．practical
答案：D 本题题意：业主的弟弟实际控制该商行已有多年。practical表示“实际的；真实的；客观存在的”。5．associate (v.)
1)～sb/sth(with sb/sth)联想；联系
I don't associate sunbathing with the North Pole.
我不会把日光浴和北极联系在一起。
2)～with sb交往；(尤指)混在一起
I don't like you associating with such people.
我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。【知识拓展】
1)associated (adj.)
(1)有关联的；相关的
Salaries and associated costs have risen substantially.
薪金与相关的费用大大增加。
(2)有联系的
He no longer wished to be associated with the party's policy on education.
他不再愿意与该党的教育方针认同。2)association (n.)
(1)协会；社团；联盟
The association is/are having its/their annual conference next week.
该协会在下个星期举行年度会议。
(2)[C & U]～(with sb/sth)联合；合伙；关联；交往
He developed a close association with the university.
他与那所大学建立了密切的联系。(3)[C, usually pl.] 联想；联系
The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me.
海滨使我联想起童年假期的各种愉快情景。【知识运用】
(1)What do you________with such a heavy snow?
A．tie
B．bound
C．involve
D．associate
答案：D 本题题意：这样一场大雪让你有什么联想？ associate...with...表示“把……和……联系起来”。(2)You want the child to form a/an________between good behaviour and rewards.
A．combination
B．collection
C．association
D．relation
答案：C 本题题意：你想让孩子把好的行为与奖励联系起来。association表示“联合；合伙；关联；交往”。1．dive into
1)跳水
We dived into the river to cool off.
我们一头跳进河里，凉快一下。
2)跳入
I saw a rabbit dive into its hole.
我看见一只兔子钻进了洞。
3)扑去；冲去
When the rain started, we dived into a café.
雨下了起来，我们立即跑进了一家小餐馆。4)迅速将手伸入(包或口袋内)
He dived into his pocket and fished out ten dollars.
他突然把手伸进衣袋，掏出十块钱来。
5)一心投入
We are determined to dive into our research from now on.
我们决心从现在起全身心投入到我们的研究工作。【知识运用】
(1)She________some lemon juice into her tea.
A．moved
B．dived
C．fell
D．dropped
答案：D 本题题意：她在茶里滴了几滴柠檬汁。drop表示“使滴下；使落下”。(2)He________into the river to save a drowning child.
A．moved
B．dived
C．fell
D．dropped
答案：B 本题题意：他跳入河中去救一个快溺死的小孩。dive into/jump into the river表示“跳入水中”。2．set out
1)～(to do)(怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务
①They succeeded in what they set out to do.
他们打算做的事已经做成了。
②She set out to break the world land speed record.
她决心要打破陆上速度的世界纪录。
2)出发；动身；启程
①They set out on the last stage of their journey.
他们开始了旅行的最后一程。
②We set out for the Western Hills at 10?30.
我们十点半出发去西山。【知识运用】
(1)(2004江苏-29)It's ten years since the scientist________on his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A．made for
B．set out
C．took off
D．turned up
答案：B 本题题意：这位科学家从事这种重要的化学制品的研究已经十年了。set out 表示“(怀着目标)开始工作，展开工作”。(2)He________out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part________.
A．set off
B．set about
C．set out
D．set forth
答案：C 本题题意：他开始着手粉刷整幢房子，可是只完成了前面的部分。set out to do sth表示“(怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务”。注意，set about doing sth也具有相似的意思。(3)(原创)After dinner, Candida ________for the supermarket to buy some chocolate.
A．set about
B．set out
C．set aside
D．set up
答案：B 本题题意：晚饭以后，坎迪德外出到超级市场上买点巧克力。set out表示“出发；动身；启程”。3．hang on|hold on
1)别挂电话；停一下
The line is busy; would you like to hang/hold on?
电话有人在打，请别挂断好吗？
2)抓紧
He hung/held on until the rope broke.
他紧抓着，直到绳子断了。
3)(在逆境中)坚持，不放弃
Hang/Hold on at your present job until you can get another.
你在没有找到另一个工作前不要放弃目前的工作。4)等一下；停一下
Now hang/hold on a minute——you can't really believe what you just said!
等一下——你不可能真的相信你刚才说的话吧！
5)等待某事发生；等候
I haven't heard if I've got the job yet——they've kept me hanging on for days.
我是否得到了那份工作的事还没有消息——他们让我等了好几天了。【知识拓展】
1)hang on sth 有赖于，取决于(某事物)
It all hang on whether he is willing to help us.
一切都取决于他是否愿意帮助我们。
2)hang/hold on to sth.
(1)抓紧某物
The little girl hung/held on to her mother's hand while they crossed the street.
横过马路的时候， 小姑娘紧紧抓住她妈妈的手。(2)保留；不卖掉；不放弃
Let's hang/hold on to those old photographs——they may be valuable.
咱们留着这些旧照片吧——它们或许有价值。
3)hang out 常去某处；泡在某处；闲逛
The local kids hang out at the mall.
当地的孩子常在商业街闲逛。
4)hang up 挂断电话
After I hung up, I remembered what I'd wanted to say.
我挂断电话之后才想起来原本想说的话。【知识运用】
(1)(2009天津-6)—Sorry, I have to________now. It's time for class.
—OK, I'll call back later.
A．hang up B．break up
C．give up D．hold up
答案：A 本题题意：“抱歉，我现在得把电话挂断了。上课时间到了”。“好吧。那待会儿我再给你打电话。” hang up表示“挂断电话”。(2)(2008福建-29)________a moment and I will go to your rescue.
A．Go on
B．Hold on
C．Move on
D．Carry on
答案：B 本题题意：坚持一会儿，我将去援救你。 hold/hang on 表示“(在困境或危险中)坚持住；挺住”。例如：How much longer do you think we can hold on？你认为我们还能坚持多久？(3)(NMET2002-31)We thought of selling this old furniture. But we've decided to________it. It might be valuable.
A．hold on to
B．keep up with
C．turn to
D．look after
答案：A 本题题意：我们原本想把这件旧家具卖掉。但是我们已经决定留下它。它或许有价值。hold on to 表示“保留；不卖掉；不放弃”。(4)________a minute while I look it up.
A．Hang up
B．Hang out
C．Hang on
D．Hang about
答案：C 本题题意：电话别挂断， 我查一下。hang on表示“别挂电话；停一下”。4．out of order
1)有毛病；出故障
The elevator is out of order.
电梯出故障了。
2)安排不当；不整洁
I checked the files and some of the papers were out of order.
我检查过案卷，其中有些未按顺序编排。
3)(＝out of line) 行为不当；举止令人难以接受
You were well out of order taking it without asking.
你不问一声就把它拿走，这是很不妥当的。4)违反规程的；不合乎(会议或辩论)规则的
His objection was ruled out of order.
他的反对被裁定为违反会议规则。【知识运用】
(1)(2008天津-15) At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________.
A．out of sight
B．out of reach
C．out of order
D. out of place
答案：A 本题题意：在火车站，这位母亲一直在向她的女儿挥手告别，直到火车看不见为止。out of sight表示“看不见， 在视野之外”。(2)(2006广东-34)You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of________.
A．date
B．shape
C．order
D．balance
答案：B 本题题意：你一直坐在我的帽子上，现在它已经严重变形了。out of shape表示“变形”。(3)(原创)It is a pretty place; but I fear it will be getting out of ________.
A．order
B．repair
C．sight
D．shape
答案：A 本题题意：它是个美丽的地方，可是我担心它会变得乱七八糟。out of order表示“安排不当；次序错了；不整洁”。(4)采用适当的名词填空：
①The children have been playing with my hat they've knocked it out of________.
②I ran to the theater all along and was out of____.
③It is out of________that I will write to you.
④The dresses on show are out of________.
⑤I couldn't ring because the phone was out of______.
⑥I don't want anybody to help me out of________.
⑦Prices and wages were badly out of________.⑧I used to be good at basketball, but now I'm out of________.
⑨His wife got out of________soon after marriage.
⑩The ship went down and at last went out of____.
?It is not best that we use our morals weekdays; it gets them out of________for Sunday.
?But there are enough wanting to put you out of________to make it very awkward of you.
?The model plane got out of________and crashed.
?The insecticide(杀虫剂)was put out of the child's________.
?I would like to go back to teaching but I'm out of________with my subject now.答案：①shape 本题题意：孩子们一直玩着我的帽子——把它弄得不成样子了。
②breath 本题题意：我一路跑到剧院上气不接下气。
③question 本题题意：我一定会给你写信的。
④date 本题题意：展出的服装都过时了。
⑤order/action 本题题意：我没法打电话，因为电话机坏了。
⑥pity 本题题意：我不要任何人出于怜悯来帮助我。⑦line 本题题意：物价与工资非常不协调。
⑧practice 本题题意：我篮球曾打得很好，可惜现在已生疏了。
⑨shape 本题题意：结婚不久之后他太太的健康状况就不好。
⑩sight 本题题意：船在下沉， 最后消失不见了。
?repair 本题题意：我们在一周的工作日里遵守道德并非最佳办法，这会使之在星期天缺乏维修的。
?business 本题题意：可是要你做不成生意，让你处境非常狼狈的也大有人在。?control 本题题意：模型飞机失控坠落下来。
?reach 本题题意：杀虫剂应该放在孩子拿不到的地方。
?touch 本题题意：我愿意来教书，但是对我的学科已不熟悉了。5．get through(to sb)
1)(用电话)接通，打通，联系上
I tried to telephone you but I couldn't get through.
我给你打电话可是没有打通。
2)到达(某人处)
Thousands of refugees will die if these supplies don't get through(to them)．
数以千计的难民若得不到这些救济物品， (他们)就要死亡。【知识拓展】
1)get through(sth)顺利通过(考试等)
The candidates didn't all get through.
报考者没有全部通过。
2)get through(sth)|get sth through(sth)(使)正式通过；获得采纳
Do you think the Bill will get through(Parliament)?
你认为那议案(议会)能通过吗？3)get through sth
(1)消耗掉；用完；耗尽
She gets through forty cigarettes a day.
她一天抽四十枝香烟。
(2)(设法)处理；完成
I've got through a lot of correspondence today.
今天我处理了一大批信件。
4)get through with sth 结束，完成
As soon as I get through with my work I'll join you.
我工作一做完就来找你们。【知识运用】
(1)(2010浙江－12) After that, he knew he could________any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.
A．get away with
B．get on with
C．get through
D．get across
答案：C 本题题意：从此之后，他明白尽其所能就能顺利解决任何突发事件。get through表示“(设法)处理；完成”。(2)(2009全国1-27) I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't________.
A．get along
B．get on
C．get to
D．get through
答案：D 本题题意：我试着打电话到她办公室，但没有打通。get through表示“(用电话)接通，打通，联系上”。(3)(2009四川-5) —Have you ________？
—No. I had the wrong number.
A．got in
B．got away
C．got off
D．got through
答案：D 本题题意：“电话打通了吗？”“没有。电话号码错了。” get through表示“(用电话)接通，打通，联系上”。(4)(2007天津-5) Hardly could he________this amount of work in such a short time.
A．get through
B．get off
C．get into
D．get down
答案：A 本题题意：在这么短的时间内，他几乎完不成这工作量。get through表示“(设法)处理；完成”。(5)(2006全国2-18) There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn't get____.
A．between
B．through
C．across
D．beyond
答案：B 本题题意：有许多人站到门口那儿，小女孩不能顺利通过。get through表示“通过；穿过；达到”。6．ring/call back| ring/call sb back (给某人)再打电话，回复电话
①Sorry, she's just go out. Will you like to ring/call back later?
对不起，她刚出去，过会儿再打电话好吗？
②I'll ask Simon to ring/call you back when he gets in.
等西蒙来了，我让他给你回电话。【知识运用】
(1)I'm waiting for someone to ring me________with a price.
A．on
B．off
C．up
D．back
答案：D 本题题意：我在等人回电话报价。ring/call(sb)back 表示“(给某人)再打电话；回复电话”。(2)Ring________the airport and find out when the plane leaves.
A．on
B．off
C．up
D．back
答案：C 本题题意：给机场打个电话，问清楚飞机什么时候起飞。ring/call sb/sth(up)表示“给……打电话”。(3)(原创) It took me ten minutes to persuade her to________later. At last I hung up the receiver.
A．ring up
B．ring back
C．rin goff
D．call off
答案：B 本题题意：我花了十分钟的工夫才说服她，让她过会儿再来电话，最后，我总算挂上了电话。ring/call back| ring/call sb back 表示“(给某人)再打电话，回复电话”。7．ring off 挂断电话
①I'll have to ring off now; I have a train to catch.
我现在不得不把电话挂上了，我要赶火车去。
②He rang off before I could explain.
我还没来得及解释他就挂了。【知识运用】
(1)The game was________because of bad weather.
A．called on
B．called off
C．rung off
D．rung on
答案：B 本题题意：比赛因天气恶劣而取消。call sth off表示“取消，停止进行”。(2)I'd better________now.
A．ring on
B．ring off
C．call off
D．call on
答案：B 本题题意：我该挂电话了。ring off表示“挂断电话”。1．Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞在你的头脑。【知识剖析】
本句中含有重要结构：“祈使句＋and＋(表结果的)简单句”， 祈使句表示“条件”，简单句表示“结果”，通常使用一般将来时。句型“祈使句＋and＋(表结果的)简单句”的意义为“干某事，那么就会……”；“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋(表结果的)简单句”的意义为“干某事，否则就会……”，连词or可用 or else/otherwise替代。例如：①Work hard and(＝If you work hard)you will pass your examinations.
你若用功， 考试就能及格。
②Arrive late once more and (＝If you arrive late once more) you're fired.
你再迟到一次， 就把你开除。
③(NMET1998) Leave it with me and I'll see what I can do.
把这件事交给我，我看看自己能够做点什么。④Turn the heat down or your cake will burn.
把热度调低吧， 要不蛋糕就要糊了。
⑤Run or else you'll be late.
快跑， 不然你要迟到了。
⑥Put the cap back on the bottle, otherwise the juice will spill.
把瓶盖儿盖好， 要不汁液就洒出来了。【知识运用】
(1)(2008全国2-13) Stand over there________you'll be able to see the oil painting better.
A．but
B．till
C．and
D．or
答案：C 本题题意：站到那边去，你会更好地欣赏那幅油画。本题考查固定句式“祈使句＋and＋(表结果的)简单句”的用法。(2)(2007辽宁-28) Help others whenever you can________you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
A．and B．or
C．unless D．but
答案：A 本题题意：在可能的情况下要帮助他人，这样的话，这个世界将会变为一个更佳的居住场所。本题考查“祈使句＋and＋简单句(表结果)”的用法， 根据题意可知，祈使句与后面的陈述句存在一种顺承关系时，所以采用连词and.(3)(2007北京-31) You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder, ________you won't pass the course.
A．and B．so
C．but D．or
答案：D 本题题意：你已经两次考试不及格了。你最好(从现在)开始努力学习，否则这门课程你会通过不了的。本题考查“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋简单句(表结果)”的用法。祈使句表示条件，相当于一个条件句：If you don't start working hard，or...；or后的句子表示相反行为引起的结果。(4)(2006四川-24) Start out right away，________you'll miss the first train.
A．and B．but
C．or D．while
答案：C 本题题意：立刻动身，否则你将错过首班列车。本题考查句式“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋简单句(表结果)”， or后的句子表示相反行为引起的结果。(5)(2006重庆-27)________and I'll get the work finished.
A．Have one more hour
B．One more hour
C．Given one more hour
D．If I have one more hour答案：B 本题题意：再给一个小时，我将会把工作完成。本题考查句式“祈使句＋and＋简单句(表结果)”的用法。祈使句表示条件，相当于一个条件句，但祈使句有时会被一个名词(词组)所代替。例如：One more week, and we'll accomplish the task.多给一周，我们就能完成这项工作(1999上海)。在本考题中，one more hour＝(If I am)given one more hour.
(6)(原创)________on the bright side of things, and you will live happily.
A．If you look
B．Looking
C．Look
D．To look
答案：C 本题题意：如果看事情的光明面，你就可以活得很快乐。本题考查“祈使句＋and ＋简单句(表结果)”的用法。(7)(原创)________careful of your language in the presence of others, or you will be sorry for it.
A．Be
B．To be
C．Being
D．If you
答案：A 本题题意：在其它人面前注意你的语言，否则你会为此而后悔的。本题考查句式“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋简单句(表结果)”， or后的句子表示相反行为引起的结果。(8)(原创)Walk slowly on the ice，________you'll fail.
A．therefore
B．but
C．and
D．otherwise
答案：D 本题题意：在冰上要走慢些，要不然你会滑倒的。本题考查句式“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋简单句(表结果)”。2．But he found the problem difficult to solve.
但是他发现这个问题很难解决。
【知识剖析】
在found the problem difficult to solve中，不定式to solve采用主动形式表示被动含义。不定式修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，如果和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常采用主动形式表示被动含义，这是因为可以看作把for sb.给省略了。常见的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, expensive, convenient, impossible, interesting, pleasant, comfortable, nice, dangerous, fit, bad, good等。例如：①Some books are interesting to read, but boring to learn.
有些书读起来很有趣，但学起来很乏味。
②English is difficult to learn well in a short time.
英语难以在短时间内学好。
③Looking through the book, he found it difficult to understand.
浏览了一下这本书，他发现这本书的内容很难懂。
④They found the subject hard to understand.
他们发现这个题目很难理解。
⑤This way made the problem easy to understand.
这种方法使这个问题容易理解了。【知识运用】
(1)(2010四川－11) In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant________.
A．to deal with
B．dealing with
C．to be dealt with
D．dealt with
答案：A 本题题意：在许多人看来，那家公司虽然规模相对较小，但很好打交道。不定式(短语)修饰担任表语或补足语的形容词时，不定式(短语)通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。(2)(2008全国1-26) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good________.
A．to be breathed
B．to breathe
C．breathing
D．being breathed
答案：B 本题题意：在夏季，我喜欢早起。呼吸早晨的空气有益于身心。本句还可以转换为：It is so good(for us)to breathe the morning air. 不定式(短语)修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。(3)They found the lecture hard________； they all felt sleepy.
A．to be understood
B．for understanding
C．to understand
D．to have been understood
答案：C 本题题意：他们发现这个讲座很难懂，所以他们都有恹恹欲睡的感觉。不定式修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，如果和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)The days________we spent together on the farm are not easy________.
A．when; to forget
B．which; to be forgotten
C．that; to forget
D．/; to be forgotten
答案：C 本题题意：我们在农场一起度过的日子难以忘记。第一个空考查定语从句中的引导词，由于定语从句中谓语动词spent后缺少宾语，所以采用关系代词which/that引导；第二空考查“不定式修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，如果和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常采用主动形式表示被动含义”。(5)The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to________.
A．sit
B．sit on
C．be sat
D．be sat on
答案：B 本题题意：这把椅子看起来很硬，但实际上，坐在上面很舒适。本题考查“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构——不定式修饰作表语的形容词，和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式采用主动式表示被动含义。(6)Easy as we made it________the importance to keep earth in place, some villagers wouldn't listen.
A．to understand
B．understood
C．understanding
D．to be understood
答案：A 本题题意：尽管我们清清楚楚地说明了保持水土的重要性，但一些村民根本不愿听。在连词as引导的让步状语从句中，担任表语的easy提前了，本句含有结构make it easy to do sth. 注意，不定式在修饰担任表语或补足语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, expensive, convenient, impossible, pleasant, comfortable, nice, fit, dangerous, tough等形容词时，采用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
