课件22张PPT。1．adaptation (n.)
1)[C] 改编本；改写本
This play is an adaptation of a novel.
这一剧本是由小说改编的。
2)[U] 适应
He made a quick adaptation to the new environment.
他很快适应了新的环境。【知识拓展】
1)adapt (v.)
①～sth(for sth)(from sth) 改编；改写
The movie was adapted from a novel.
这部电影是由小说改编的。
②～(yourself)(to sth) 适应(新情况)
She adapted(herself)quickly to the new climate.
她很快地适应了这种新的气候。
③～sth(for sth)使适应；使适和(新用途、新情况)
This machine has been specially adapted for underwater use.
这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的。2)adaptable (adj.) 有适应力的；能适应的
①She is adaptable to new surroundings.
她是一个能适应新环境的人。
②The tool is adaptable for many uses.
这工具适合多种用途。【知识运用】
(1)I bought my son an________for children of a play by Shakespeare.
A．interruption
B．adaptation
C．translation
D．invitation
答案：B 本题题意：我给我儿子买了为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本。adaptation表示“改编本；改写本”。(2)Don't________. You'll________new customs and different ways of thinking.
A．lose your heart; apply to
B．lose heart; apply yourself to
C．lose your heart; adapt to
D．lose heart; adapt yourself to
答案：D 本题题意：不要泄气，你会适应新的风俗习惯和不同的思维方式的。lose heart表示“丧失信心，泄气”：adapt (oneself)(to sth)表示“适应(新情况)”。注意，apply oneself(to sth/to doing sth)表示“勤奋工作；努力学习”；例如：He applied himself to his study. 他集中精力学习。 (3)(原创)We must better understand the ________of plants to their environment.
A．adoption
B．adjustment
C．adaptation
D．addiction
答案：C 本题题意：我们必须更清楚地了解植物对环境的适应性。adaptation表示“适应”。2．grant (v.)
1)～sth(to sb/sth)|～(sb)sth(尤指正式地或法律上)同意，准许，允许
The bank finally granted a ￡400 loan to me./The bank finally granted me a ￡400 loan.
银行终于同意给我贷款400英镑。
2)(勉强)承认；同意
Are you ready to grant that I was right?
你是否愿意承认我是对的？【知识拓展】
1)take it for granted(that...) 认为……是理所当然
I take it for granted(that)you have read this book.
我认为你一定读过这本书。
2)take sb/sth for granted(因习以为常)对……不予重视；(因视为当然而)不把……当回事
He never praises his wife: he just takes her for granted.
他从不夸妻子，只是觉得她做的一切理当如此。【知识运用】
(1)I________you that it looks good, but it's not exactly practical.
A．agree
B．allow
C．grant
D．imagine
答案：C 本题题意：我承认你说的，它好看，可并不是很实用。grant表示“(勉强)承认；同意”。(2)I just took________for granted that he'd always be around.
A．it
B．this
C．as
D．seriously
答案：A 本题题意：我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。take it for granted(that...)表示“认为……是理所当然的”。 bring sb/sth to life 使更有趣；使更生动
①The new teacher really brought French to life for us.
新来的老师给我们把法语教得生动活泼。
②Flowers can bring a dull room back to life.
鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。【知识拓展】
1)come to life
(1)变得更有趣(或使人兴奋)；变得活跃
The match finally came to life in the second half.
比赛在下半场终于活跃起来。
(2)(仿佛活着)开始动起来
In my dream all my toys came to life.
我的玩具在梦里都活起来了。(3)醒过来
It was not long before he came(back)to life.
不久他就苏醒过来。
2)come around/round 恢复知觉；苏醒
Your mother hasn't yet come around from the operation.
你的母亲手术后还没有苏醒过来。
3)come to oneself/one's senses 苏醒
She fainted, but soon came to herself.
她昏了过去，但很快又苏醒过来。【知识运用】
(1)Let's invite Ted———he knows how to bring a party to________.
A．concern
B．interest
C．life
D．curiosity
答案：C 本题题意：我们邀请特德吧——有他到就会热闹了。bring sb/sth to life表示“使更有趣； 使更生动”。(2)He was down at the mouth all evening, but as soon as his girl friend came in he________life.
A．fell into
B．came to
C．got into
D．changed into
答案：B 本题题意：他一晚上都垂头丧气，但他的女朋友一来，他就活跃起来了。come to life 表示“变得更有趣(或使人兴奋)；变得活跃”。课件90张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇知识
根据英文释义写出单词。
1．________ words printed above or below a picture
2．________to be slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or unwilling
3．________wrongly judged; not correct
4．________to arrange in classes or groups; to put into a class
5．________to say or write a comment about sth./sb.
6．________to be unfaithful to; to give away7．________better than average
8．________to say publicy that you think someone or something is bad or wrong
9．________the series of events which from the story of a novel, play, film, etc.
答案：1.caption 2.hesitate 3.mistaken 4.classify
5．remark 6.betray 7.superior 8.condemn 9.plotⅡ.重点短语
1．pass...________... (把某人)改变或冒充成……
2．make one's________ 结识；与……相见
3．________speaking 一般来说
4．________terms________... 就……来说；从……角度
5．try one's________ 碰运气
6．a________of 一把，少量
答案：1.off as 2.acquaintance 3.generally 4.in; of 5.fortune 6.handfulⅢ.语篇导读
阅读课文，完成下列表格。(每空一词)答案：1.rainy 2.flower 3.took 4.phonetics 5.position 6．quality 7.upper 8.made 9.dialects 10.friends 1．convinced (adj.)～(of sth|that...) 坚信；深信；确信
①I am quite convinced of her experience in it.
我很相信她在这方面的经验。
②I was convinced that he knew the truth.
我确信他知道事实。【知识拓展】
1)convince (v.)
①～sb/yourself(of sth)使确信；使相信；使信服
How can I convince you(of her honesty)?
我怎样才能使你相信(她很诚实)呢？
②说服、劝说(某人做某事)
What convinced you to vote for them?
究竟是什么使得你愿意投他们的票？2)convincing (adj.) 令人信服的；有说服力的
①She sounded very convincing to me.
我觉得她的话很有说服力。
②I had to dream up a convincing story about why I was late for work this morning.
我不得不虚构出一个令人信服的理由来说明今天上午我为何上班迟到。【知识运用】
(1)(2007江西-23) Scientists are convinced________the positive effect of laughter________physical and mental health.
A．of; at B．by; in
C．of; on D．on; at
答案：C 本题题意：科学家确信笑对人体和精神健康的积极影响。be convinced of sth/that...表示“坚信， 深信，确信……”。名词effect通常和介词 on/upon连用，表示“对……的影响(或效应)”；例如：This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.这对母子俩的将来影响很大。(2)We are________that these differences can be overcome.
A．convinced
B．attempted
C．determined
D．supposed
答案：A 本题题意：我们相信这些分歧是可以消除的。convinced 表示“坚信的；深信的；确信的”。(3)(原创)________of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion.
A．Accused
B．Adapted
C．Convinced
D．Accustomed
答案：C 本题题意：由于深信数据准确无误， 他们坚持自己的意见。convinced 表示“坚信的；深信的；确信的”。2．shelter
a) v.
1)～sb/sth(from sb/sth)保护；掩蔽
Perhaps I sheltered my daughter too much.
也许我对女儿保护过度了。
2)～(from sth)躲避(风雨或危险)
The wall sheltered us from the wind.
墙壁遮挡着，使我们免遭风吹。b) n.
1)[U] 居所；住处
The refugees' main requirements are food and shelter.
难民的主要必需品是食物和住所。
2)[U]～(from sth)遮蔽，庇护，避难(避雨、躲避危险或攻击)
The rain sent everyone scurrying for shelter.
这阵雨把大家浇得纷纷找地方躲避。3)[C] (尤指用以躲避风雨或攻击的)遮蔽物，庇护处，避难处
The umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain.
雨伞不太能遮挡得住大雨。
4)[C](无家可归者或受虐待者的)收容所，庇护所
The shelter also provides obedience and toilet training.
收容所还负责动物的驯服和大小便训练。【词语辨析】
shelter, protection
这些名词均含“保护、掩蔽(部)、庇护(所)”之意。
1)shelter多指暂时性的防护，侧重场所。
The shelter was proof against the bitter weather.
这个棚子可以避寒。
2)protection普通用词，指任何保护物。
The construction workers wore metal helmets for protection.
建筑工人为了防护而带金属头盔。【知识运用】
(1)(2009湖北-24) Some parents are just too protective. They want to________their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A．spot B．dismiss
C．shelter D．distinguish
答案：C 本题题意：部分父母呵护子女过度。他们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤害，无论是真的还是想象的。shelter表示“保护；掩蔽”。 (2)They________from the sun under a tree.
A．protected
B．sheltered
C．prevented
D．kept
答案：B 本题题意：他们在树底下乘凉。shelter表示“保护；掩蔽”。(3)A thin jacket is a poor________against cold.
A．protection
B．shelter
C．principle
D．practice
答案：A 本题题意：一件单薄的夹克衫不足以御寒。protection表示“保护物；护身符”。3．hesitate (v.)
1)～(about/over sth)(对某事)犹豫，迟疑不决
①Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once.
对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。
②She hesitated before replaying.
她犹豫了一下才回答。
2)～to do sth 顾虑；疑虑
①She hesitated to hurt the child's feelings.
她不想伤害孩子的感情。
②He did not hesitate to ask her to sit beside him.
他毫不犹豫地请她坐在他身旁。【知识拓展】
hesitation [C &U] 犹豫； 踌躇； 迟疑； 不情愿
①She agreed without the slightest hesitation.
她毫不犹豫地同意了。
②His frequent hesitations annoyed the audience.
他三番五次欲言又止， 听众已感到厌烦。【知识运用】
(1)(2009福建-27) We are at your service. Don't______to turn to us if you have any further problems.
A．beg
B．hesitate
C．desire
D．seek
答案：B 本题题意：我们将为你提供服务。如果你有其它问题，尽管来找我们好了。hesitate表示“顾虑；疑虑”。(2)I________about taking his side until I knew the whole story.
A．cared
B．hesitated
C．doubted
D．wondered
答案：B 本题题意：我在完全了解事实真相后，才打消顾虑，支持他的立场。hesitate(about/over sth)表示“(对某事)犹豫，迟疑不决”。(3)________you need something, please don't________to ask me.
A．In doubt; hesitate
B．In case; hesitate
C．In doubt; suspect
D．In case; suspect
答案：B 本题题意：如果你需要什么东西， 请不客气地对我说。(just)in case(...)表示“以防；以防万一”。hesitate表示“顾虑；疑虑”，后接不定式作宾语。4．classify (v.)
1)分类；归类
①Eggs are classified according to size.
鸡蛋按大小分等级。
②People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.
在图书馆工作的人花费大量的时间为书籍分类。2)～sb/sth as sth 划分；界定
①The government has classified this information secret.
政府已把这资料列为机密。
②Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.
这些事故中只有十一例被判定为重大事故。
【词语辨析】
classify, sort, organize, arrange
这些动词均含“使有条理，安排”之意。
1)classify指按照事物类型、质量或是否相似进行分类。
We will classify these subjects under three topics.
我们将把这些问题分成三个主题。
2)sort 通常指根据类型或种类分类或整理选择。
I sorted the shoes into pairs.
我把鞋一双双理好。3)organize 指按计划或需要把人或物安排组织成一个整体。
A search party was organized to look for the man trapped in the snow.
为了寻找在雪中被困的人，我们成立了一个搜索队。
4)arrange 指按计划、秩序、需要和可能等进行安排。
A special show was arranged to admit free the family members of the miners.
安排了一个专场来免费招待矿工家属。【知识运用】
(1)Would you________her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?
A．classify
B．sort
C．organize
D．arrange
答案：A 本题题意：你认为她的小说属于文学类呢， 还是属于通俗读物类？classify sb/sth as sth表示“划分；界定”。(2)Rubbish can easily be separated and________into plastics, glass and paper.
A．classified
B．sorted
C．organized
D．arranged
答案：B 本题题意：垃圾很容易分开，可归入塑料、玻璃和纸三类。sort sth(into sth)表示“整理；将……分类”。(3) (原创)Hong Kong's stock market, which enjoys repute worldwide, ________second in Asia and 10th in the world in terms of market value.
A．occupied
B．ranked
C．arranged
D．classified
答案：B 本题题意：香港的股票市场也声名远播。以市值计算，在亚洲排名第二，世界位列十强。rank表示“把……分等级；属于某等级”。5．remark
1)～(on/upon sth/sb)|～(that.../how...)说起；谈论；评论
①Prof. Smith remarked on the difference between the two dictionaries.
史密斯教授谈到了这两本词典的不同之处。
②The editor remarked that article was well written.
编者评论说那篇文章写得很好。
③She remarked how tired I was looking.
她说我看上去显得特别累。2)[C]～(about/on/concerning...)谈论；言论；评述
①They made rude remarks about her appearance.
他们对她的外表横加粗暴的评论。
②What exactly did you mean by that last remark?
你最后那句话究竟是什么意思？【知识运用】
(1)Please make a/an________on“One World One Dream”， the theme of Beijing Olympics.
A．statement
B．remark
C．mention
D．explaination
答案：B 本题题意：请你说说自己对北京奥运主题口号“同一个世界，同一个梦想”的认识。remark表示“谈论；言论；评述”。(2)He remarked________Jane that he had not heard from Sally for a long time.
A．on
B．over
C．to
D．for
答案：C 本题题意：他对简说已经好久没收到萨莉的信了。remark to sb表示“向……说起”。(3)—Jerry said something strange at the meeting.
—His________left me________about his real purpose.
A．marks；wondering
B．marks；to wonder
C．remarks；wonder
D．remarks；wondering
答案：D 本题题意：“杰尔在会上说了些非常莫名其妙的话。”“他的那番言论使我对他的真实意图产生了疑虑。”remarks表示“言论”。leave sb. doing 表示“使……处于某状态”。6．betray (v.)
1)～sb/sth(to sb)出卖；泄露(机密)
He betrayed the news to all his friends.
他把消息向他所有的朋友泄漏了。
2)辜负；对……不忠
Don't betray the people's trust in you.
不要辜负人民对你的信任。3)背叛(原则或信仰)
He has been accused of betraying his former socialist ideals.
有人指责他背弃了他先前的社会主义思想。
4)～sth/yourself(无意中)泄露信息，流露情感
The smoke from cooking betrayed the presence of the enemy.
炊烟暴露了敌人的存在。【知识拓展】
turn against sb|turn sb against sb(使)与……反目成仇，变得敌对
①Why did they suddenly turn against you?
他们为什么突然转而反对你？
②After the divorce he tried to turn the children against their mother.
他离婚后竭力教唆子女对抗他们的母亲。【知识运用】
(1)As long as you don't________me, I'll do________you ask me to.
A．display; whichever
B．betray; whichever
C．display; whatever
D．betray; whatever
答案：D 本题题意：只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。betray sb 表示“出卖某人”；whatever(＝anything or everything that)表示“任何事物；一切事物”。(2)Even those who were once for him begin to turn__________him.
A．around
B．against
C．to
D．over
答案：B 本题题意：连那些原来支持他的人也开始反对他了。turn against sb| turn sb against sb 表示“(使)与…反目成仇，变得敌对”。7．condemn (v.)
1)～sb to sth迫使……接受困境(或不愉快的状况)
As an old person, one is often condemned to live alone.
老年人常出于无奈而独自生活。
2)～sb/sth(for/as sth)(通常因道义上的原因而)谴责、指责
We condemned him for his bad conduct.
我们责备他行为不检点。
3)～sb(to sth)宣判；判处(某人某种刑罚)
The judge condemned the thief to one year of hard labor.
法官判这个贼服一年苦役。【词语辨析】
condemn, scold, blame, accuse
这些动词均含有“责备，非难”之意。
1)condemn正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。
We condemn cruelty and cruel people.
我们谴责残忍行为和残忍的人。
2)scold普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。
Did you scold her for breaking it?
她把那件东西打破了， 你骂她了吗？3)blame普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。
She blamed him for the failure of their marriage/blamed the failure of their marriage on him.
她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。
4)accuse语气比blame强，本义为归罪，可用作指非难或谴责之义。
Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.
人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。【知识运用】
(1)I want you to believe that I will keep my promise, or I should feel that you and everybody else had a right to________me.
A．condemn
B．scold
C．blame
D．accuse
答案：A 本题题意：我要你相信，我是愿意遵守我的诺言的，要不，我就会觉得你和任何人都有权力来谴责我了。(2)He was________to spend the rest of the football season on the bench.
A．condemned
B．scolded
C．blamed
D．accused
答案：A 本题题意：他无可奈何地只得在这个足球赛季剩下的时间里作替补队员。condemn sb to sth 表示“迫使……接受困境(或不愉快的状况)”。8．superior
a) adj.
1)～(to sb/sth)(在品质上)更好的；占优势的；更胜一筹的
Their computer is superior to ours.
他们的电脑比我们的优良。
2)～(to sb)(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的
I'll report you to your superior officer!
我要把你的情况报告给你的上司！3)有优越感的；高傲的
Don't take a superior attitude toward the younger students.
不要对比自己年轻的同学采取傲慢的态度。
4)质量卓越的；出类拔萃的；超群的
It's a superior red wine from Yantai.
这是来自烟台的一种上好的红葡萄酒。
b)(n.) 级别(或地位、职位)更高的人
①He always does what his superiors tell him.
他惟上级之命是从。
②I acknowledged him as my superior.
我承认他是我的上司。【知识运用】
(1)He smiled a________smile as he drove past in his expensive new car.
A．superior
B．senior
C．survival
D．flatter
答案：A 本题题意：他开着那辆豪华的新车驶过时，傲慢的微微一笑。superior表示“有优越感的；高傲的”。(2)She works well with those______to her in the firm.
A．travelers
B．partners
C．colleagues
D．superior
答案：D 本题题意：她与公司中的那些上级主管合作愉快。superior(to sb)表示“(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的”。(3)—Do you know the 3G mobile phone will come onto the market soon?
—Really? It is said to be superior ________any other model. I can't wait to buy________.
A．to; one
B．than; one
C．to; it
D．than; it答案：A 本题题意：“你知道3G手机即将投放市场吗？”“真的吗？据说它比其他型号的手机都要优越。我迫不急待地想要买一部。” superior表示“(在品质上)更好的；占优势的；更胜一筹的”，通常和介词to连用。第二空考查one与it的差别。it 和one都可以替代上文出现的名词，但两者存在差异。it往往指上文出现过的特定事物，即同一事物；one则代替与前面事物同属一类的事物，并不是同一个。
1．hold sb/sth up
1)搀扶；支撑；举起；抬起
①You can hold up your hand over the head.
你可以把你的手举过头顶。
②I hold him up for fear he fall.
我扶着他怕他摔倒。
2)延迟；阻碍
①The building of the new road has been held up by the bad weather.
因气候恶劣延迟了修筑新路。
②The train is held up by the storm.
列车因暴风而延误了。3)举出(例子)；提出(作为榜样)
①His son was held up as a model of hard work.
他的儿子被推举为勤奋工作的榜样。
②She's always holding up her children as models of behaviour.
她总标榜自己的子女是良好品行的榜样。【知识拓展】
hold up 支持住；承受住；支撑得住
①She's holding up well under the pressure.
她承受住了压力。
②Will the water supply hold up through summer?
供水能持续整个夏天吗？【知识运用】
(1)The chair was too weak to________Tom.
A．hold back
B．hold on
C．hold up
D．hold on to
答案：C 本题题意：这把椅子承受不起汤姆的体重。hold sb/sth up表示“支撑”。(2)Do you think that mixed-ability teaching holds the brighter children________？
A．back
B．on
C．up
D．down
答案：A 本题题意：你认为混合能力组教学会阻碍聪明儿童的进步吗？ hold sb/sth back表示“阻碍……进展”。(3)They managed to________until help arrived.
A．hold back
B．hold on
C．hold up
D．hold on to
答案：B 本题题意：他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。hold on表示“(在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住”。(4)I'd________that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
A．hold back
B．hold on
C．hold up
D．hold on to
答案：D 本题题意：目前我不能出让那所房子， 此刻房价正在急剧上涨。hold on to sth|hold onto sth表示“不送(或卖)某物”。(5)(2008江苏-23) —Is Peter there?
—________， please. I'll see if I can find him for you.
A．Hold up
B．Hold on
C．Hold out
D．Hold off
答案：B 本题题意：“彼得在吗？”“请稍等。我去看看能否找到他。”hold on表示“(电话用语)别挂断；等一下”。(6)(原创)Grandfather always ________his youngest son as a model of hard work.
A．showed off
B．picked out
C．held up
D．brought up
答案：C 本题题意：祖父总把他的最小的儿子作为努力工作的榜样让大家效仿。hold up (…as…)表示“举出(例子)；提出(作为榜样)”。2．take sb/sth for sb/sth/to be sb/sth(尤指错误地)以为，把……看作；误以为
①Even the experts took the painting for a genuine Van Gogh.
连行家都认为那幅画是凡高的真迹。
②Do you take me for a fool?
你以为我是傻瓜吗？
③I took you to be an honest man.
我原以为你是个诚实的人。【知识运用】
(1)Of course I didn't do it! What do you take me____？
A．from
B．on
C．as
D．for
答案：D 本题题意：那当然不是我干的！你把我当成什么人了？What do you take me for？＝What sort of person do you think I am?(2)She took what he said________a compliment.
A．to be
B．on
C．as
D．for
答案：C 本题题意：她把他的话看作是恭维话。take sth(as sth)|take sth(to do sth)表示“领会；理解；考虑”。例如：What did you take his comments to mean？你明白他的评论是什么意思吗？3．pass sb/yourself/sth off as sb/sth 装作；佯装；假装
①He tried to pass himself off as a qualified doctor.
他试图冒充合格医生。
②He escaped by passing himself off as a guard.
他伪装成看守人而得以逃脱。【知识拓展】
1)pass by(sb/sth)通过；经过(……旁边)
A bus has just passed by.
一辆公共汽车刚刚过去。
2)pass sth down 使世代相传；流传
The tradition has been passed down for hundreds of years.
这一传统已传了几百年。3)pass sth on(to sb)转交；(用后)递给，传给
I stayed off work, as I didn't want to pass my cold on to the students.
我停工休息，因为我不想把感冒传给学生。
4)pass for/as sb/sth 被认为是；被当作是
He speaks French well enough to pass for a Frenchman.
他法语流利得使人以为他是法国人。【知识运用】
(1)He tried to pass________the wine as French, while in fact it came from outside the common market.
A．for
B．as
C．off as
D．off
答案：C 本题题意：他企图将这种酒假冒成法国酒，而事实上此酒来自共同市场以外的地方。pass sb/yourself/sth off as sb/sth 表示“装作；佯装；假装”。(2)He passes________a learned man.
A．for
B．of
C．off
D．on
答案：A 本题题意：他被认为是个有学问的人。pass for/as sb/sth表示“被认为是；被当作是”。(3)(原创)He ________himself off as a doctor until someone checked his record.
A．took
B．passed
C．mistook
D．regarded
答案：B 本题题意：在人们查阅他的档案之前，他一直伪装成医生。pass sb/yourself/sth off as sb/sth 表示“装作；佯装；假装”。4．in terms of谈及，就……而言；在……方面
①It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and quality.
今年的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。
②He often talks about his girlfriend in terms of love.
他经常用充满爱意的语言谈论他的女朋友。
③In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
就钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。【知识运用】
(1)(2006湖南-27)________achievement, last week's ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low, though not failing grade.
A．In terms of
B．In case of
C．As a result of
D．In face of
答案：A 本题题意：就成果而言，上周举行的世贸组织部长会议虽然没有失败，但达成的共识甚微。in terms of表示“谈及，就……而言；在……方面”。(2)Staying up late makes him at his worst________physical situation.
A．in terms of
B．in memory of
C．in case of
D．in view of
答案：A 本题题意：熬夜使得他的体力状况处于低潮。in terms of表示“谈及，就……而言；在……方面”。(3)(原创)________stream flow, there are three general types of streams.
A．According to
B．Regardless of
C．In addition to
D．In terms of
答案：D 本题题意：根据河川的经流，河流通常可分为三种类型。in terms of表示“谈及，就……而言；在……方面”。1．Oah！Oh, do buy a flower.
啊！好啦，从我这儿买一束吧。
【知识剖析】
在句中无其他助动词时， do/does/did用于谓语动词前面，用以加强语气。
①He does look tired.
他确实显得很疲倦。
②She did write to say thank you.
她的确写信向你道谢了。
③Do say you'll stay for supper!
务必吃完晚饭再走！【知识拓展】
1)用以代替实动词， 避免重复
①He drives faster than he did a year ago.
他开车比一年以前快了。
②She works harder than he does.
她工作比他努力。
③—Who won?
—I did.
“谁赢了？”“我赢了。”2)当副词或副词词组移置到句首时， 用以改变主语和动词的语序。
①Not only does she speak Spanish，(but)she also knows how to type.
她不但会说西班牙语， 还会打字呢。
②So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour.
他们吃得太多了，以致于一个小时都动弹不得。
③Rarely did she request help but this was a matter of urgency.
她很少求助于人， 但这事却是十分紧急。3)do(for sb/sth)|do(as sth)表示“适合，足够”，即：足够或能满足某人/某事物的需要。
①—Can you lend me some money?
—Certainly will 10 do?
“你能借给我一点钱吗？”“当然可以——10英镑够了吗？”
②Will next Friday do for our meeting?
我们的会议下星期五开行吗？
③This log will do fine as a table for our picnic.
这块大圆木很适合用作我们野餐的餐桌。【知识运用】
(1)(2010四川－19) If you have a job，________yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A．do devote
B．don't devote
C．devoting
D．not devoting
答案：A 本题题意：如果你有一份工作，全力以赴，一定会成功。考查谓语动词的强调以及“祈使句＋and＋表示结果的句子”的固定搭配。(2)(2000上海-38) An awful accident________however occur the other day.
A．does
B．did
C．has to
D．had to
答案：B 本题题意：不过，几天前的确发生过一起可怕的交通事故。在句中无其他助动词时， do/does/did用于谓语动词前面，用以加强语气。(3)This room will________nicely, thank you.
A．act
B．suit
C．fit
D．do
答案：D 本题题意：这个房间很适合我的需要， 谢谢你。do(for sb/sth)|do(as sth)表示“适合，足够”，即：足够或能满足某人/某事物的需要。(4)She________at least write to say thank you.
A．shall
B．had
C．did
D．will
答案：C 本题题意：她至少还写了信道谢。在句中无其他助动词时， do/does/did用于谓语动词前面，用以加强语气。2．What if I was? What's it to you?
如果我是又怎样呢？跟你有什么关系呢？
【知识剖析】
What if...？为固定句式，相当于What would happen if...？表示“要是…会怎么样呢？”例如：
①What if it rains?
下雨怎么办？
②But what if we lose more money?
但万一损失更大怎么办？【知识运用】
(1)________anything should go wrong?
A．What about
B．What if
C．What for
D．Like what
答案：B 本题题意：要是有个闪失，怎么办呢？What if...? 表示“要是……会怎么样呢？”(2)(2008成都市)—We are going to hold a sports meeting tomorrow.
—________it rains?
A．How about
B．What if
C．If only
D．Even if
答案：B 本题题意： “我们明天将举行运动会。”“下雨怎么办？”课件45张PPT。过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且与主语之间构成逻辑上的“动宾关系”或在逻辑上构成“系表结构”。过去分词短语在句中担任条件状语，原因状语以及时间状语时，通常放在句首；担任伴随状语或结果状语时，通常放在句末；担任方式状语时，一般位于句末，有时也可位于句首；担任让步状语时，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句末。 Ⅰ.过去分词担任状语时的语法功能
1)原因状语
①Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
②Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn't dare sleep in her room.
被夜晚的响声惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间里了。2)时间状语
①Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty.
当被问及为何要做这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。
②Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless.
在黑暗走进时，那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。3)条件状语和假设状语
①Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
②Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided.
要是多加注意，那次事故就可以避免了。4)方式或伴随状语
①Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully.
那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
②He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。5)让步状语
①Beaten by the police, sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance.
尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监牢，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。
②Defeated again, we did not lose heart.
尽管再次被击败，但我们没有灰心。6)独立成份(插入语)
①Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening.
假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。
②Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said.
坦白地说，我不同意他所说的话。Ⅱ.与状语从句的相互转换
1)过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。
Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.
→When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.
从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。2)作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。
Given more time, she would certainly have done much better.
→If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better.
如果有更多时间的话，她一定会干得更好些。
3)作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导的状语从句。
The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once.
→As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once.
由于劳累，孩子们很快就睡着了。4)作让步状语，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。
Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.
→Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.
我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。
5)作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。
He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.
→He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.
他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。
6)作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。
Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.
→Aunt Wu came in, and(she)was followed by her daughter.
吴大娘走进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。 【知识拓展】
1)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“逻辑”方面的差异：
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与句子的主语之间的逻辑关系不同。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间通常构成逻辑上的动宾关系。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。①Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
②Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。2)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“时间”方面的差异：
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动”动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for短语)连用，此时不能被过去分词所替换。在其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，从而使句式更简洁。①Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！
②Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before.
他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
③Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made.
进行了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。
3)部分过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示 “被动关系”，其前不用being. 这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。①Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
②Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
4)过去分词用作状语时，前面往往带有when, if, while, though, even if等连词，这样就能使过去分词所表示的意义更加明确。这种带有连词的过去分词结构通常可看作是一种省略句，句中省略的部分总是“主语＋be的相应变化形式”，省略的主语通常与主句的主语相同。①When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。
②Although exhausted by the climb, he continued his journey.
他虽然爬得很累，但他仍继续前进。
5)分词(短语) 作状语时，其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致；否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。①The signal given, the bus started.
信号一发出，汽车就开动了。
②The football match(being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street.
足球赛一结束，人群便涌到大街上。
6)不定式与分词担任状语的差异：
1)不定式在句中可以担任目的状语，结果状语(出乎意料的结果)以及原因状语(通常后置)。
①To make himself heard, he raised his voice.
为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。②He hurried home, only to find his money stolen.
他匆忙赶到家中，结果却发现钱被盗了。
③All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress.
他的进步，我们都很吃惊。2)分词在句中可以担任除目的状语以外的其他形式的状语。
①Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市很美。
②Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
虽然被击败了，但他仍然是一位受人尊敬的拳击手。
③The guests entered the office, accompanied by the manager.
客人们在经理的陪同下进了办公室。
语法专练
1．(2010全国2－11) Though________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A．surprising
B．was surprised
C．surprised
D．being surprised
答案：C 本题题意：虽然教授见到我们显得很惊讶，但是他热烈欢迎了我们。本题考查状语从句的省略，其完整形式为Though he was surprised to see us，...。2．(2010陕西－16)________from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A．Seen
B．Seeing
C．Having seen
D．To see
答案：A 本题题意：从塔顶看去，山南坡是一片林海。本题考查过去分词短语担任时间状语，动作see与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系。3．(2010浙江－8) The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if________regularly, can improve our health.
A．being carried out
B．carrying out
C．carried out
D．to carry out
答案：C 本题题意：实验结果表明， 适度大运动量锻炼如果定期进行可以改善我们的健康。本题考查状语从句的省略，其完整形式为if it is carried out regularly，...4．(2009北京-34)________twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A．Being bitten
B．Bitten
C．Having bitten
D．To be bitten
答案：B 本题题意：被我家的狗咬了两次，那位邮递员便拒绝给我们送信了，除非我们把狗换掉。本题考查过去分词担任原因状语。相当于原因状语从句As he was bitten twice，...注意：由过去分词转化而来的形容词在句中担任状语或后置定语时，不能和being连用。例如：Einstein walked along the street, lost in thought. 爱因斯坦漫步街头，沉浸在思索之中。5．(2009福建-32)________not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A．Reminding
B．Reminded
C．To remind
D．Having reminded
答案：B 本题题意：有人提醒经理不要错过了15：20的航班，他便匆忙前往了机场。本题考查分词短语担任时间状语。动作remind与句子的主语the manager 之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，且发生在谓语动词set out for之前，采用过去分词形式。6．(2009江西-22) ________the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.
A．Giving
B．Having given
C．To give
D．Given
答案：D 本题题意：只要训练得当，这些青少年足球运动员有朝一日会成长为国际巨星。本题考查分词短语担任条件状语，相当于条件状语从句If they are given the right kind of training，...7．(2009四川-10)________many times, he finally understood it.
A．Told
B．Telling
C．Having told
D．Having been told
答案：D 本题题意：有人给他讲解了多遍之后，他终于明白了。本题考查分词担任时间状语。动作tell与句子的主语he之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，且动作发生在谓语动作understood之前，原则上既可以采用现在分词的完成式的被动形式，也可以采用过去分词形式，但由于状语many times的存在，只能采用现在分词的完成式的被动形式。8．(2009天津-9)________by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A．Being encouraged
B．Encouraging
C．Encouraged
D．Having encouraged
答案：C 本题题意：受到技术进步的鼓舞，很多农场主在自己的土地上建起了风能农场。本题考查分词担任原因状语，由于动作encourage与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，且动作已经完成，采用过去分词形式。9．(2009浙江-3)________and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A．To be tried
B．Tired
C．Tiring
D．Being tired
答案：B 本题题意：安迪和鲁比最先到达泰山山顶，筋疲力尽，气喘吁吁。本题考查形容词(短语)tired以及short of breath在句中担任伴随状语。注意：由过去分词转化而来的形容词在句中担任状语，后置定语或者补足语，表示人所处的状态，其前不加being.10．(2008山东-35) Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made________in the restaurant.
A．working
B．work
C．to work
D．worked
答案：A 本题题意：露丝的新工作的薪金是过去她在餐馆工作时薪金的两倍。本题考查现在分词短语working in the restaurant担任时间状语，相当于时间状语从句when she worked in the restaurant. 注意：不定式(短语)在句中担任目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。11．(2008天津-4)________their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A．To throw
B．Thrown
C．Throwing
D．Being thrown
答案：C 本题题意：把帽子抛入空中，获胜球队的球迷发出了胜利的呐喊。本题考查现在分词短语在句中担任方式或伴随状语。动作throw与句子的主语the fans之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”关系，且与谓语动作let out同时发生。12．(2008北京-24)________that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed.
A．Seeing
B．To see
C．See
D．Seen
答案：A 本题题意：看到她即将入睡，我问她是否喜欢床上的那个小玩偶。本题考查现在分词短语在句中担任时间状语。动作see与句子的主语I之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”关系，采用现在分词。注意：不定式(短语)在句中只能担任目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。13．(2008安徽-30)________in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A．To walk
B．Walking
C．Walked
D．Having walked
答案：B 本题题意：3月的一天下午，他漫步在田野中，感受春天的温暖。本题考查现在分词在句中担任时间状语，相当于时间状语从句When he was walking in the fields on a March afternoon，……； 注意：动作walk与谓语动作feel同时发生，采用现在分词的一般式。14．(2008陕西-14)________around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A．Having shown B．To be shown
C．Having been shown D．To show
答案：C 本题题意：我们被引领参观了游泳场馆“水立方”之后，又被带去参观2008年奥运会的主场馆“鸟巢”。本题考查现在分词担任时间状语，相当于时间状语从句After we had been shown/was shown around the Water Cube，……；根据逻辑关系，排除选项A。 注意：不定式在句中只能担任目的状语，原因状语或结果状语。15．(2008浙江-10)________that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A．Not realized B．Not to realize
C．Not realizing D．Not to have realized
答案：C 本题题意：没有意识到自己处境非常危险，埃里克走进了森林深处。本题考查现在分词担任原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Because he didn't realized that he was in great danger，...; 注意：不定式虽然也可以担任原因状语，但通常位于句末。例如：He jumped with joy to hear the good news.16．(2008上海-30) My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle________to balance it.
A．having tried B．trying
C．to try D．tried
答案：B 本题题意：有人发现我妹妹，一位缺乏经验的骑自行车者，骑在自行车上，正在想方设法保持自行车的平衡。本题考查现在分词短语在句中担任伴随状语，表示与动作sit同时发生的一个主动动作。17．(2008上海-37) Ideally________for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests.
A．locating
B．being located
C．having been located
D．located答案：D 本题题意：最理想的是，纽约国际饭店位于百老汇剧院附近以及第5 大街，深受客人们喜爱。located为形容词，表示“位于；坐落在”，在句中担任原因状语。例如：Located within the town centre, the house is convenient. 该住宅位于市镇中心，很是方便。注意：由过去分词转化来的形容词在句中担任状语、后置定语或补足语，且表示“状态”而非“动作”含义时，其前不加being.
18．(2008四川2-5) I got to the office early that day，________the 7?30 train from Paddington.
A．having caught
B．caught
C．to catch
D．catch
答案：A 本题题意：搭乘7点30分发自帕丁顿的列车，那一天一大早我就赶到了办公室。本题考查现在分词短语担任原因状语。19．________by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A．Driven B．Being driven
C．To drive D．Having driven
答案：A 本题题意：市场对于蔬菜的极大需求促使农民们建造了更多的温室。本题考查过去分词(短语)担任原因状语，转化为状语从句为：As they are driven by a greater demand of vegetables，表示一个被动动作。注意，由于客观介绍现在的一个基本状况，所以状语从句采用了一般现在时，没有采用现在进行时。同理，本题不能采用being driven担任原因状语。20．________to hospital in time, the patient infected with bird flu was saved at last.
A．Taking B．Having taken
C．Being taken D．Having been taken
答案：D 本题题意：由于被及时送到医院进行救治，这位禽流感患者最终得救了。本题考查现在分词(短语)在句中担任原因状语。动作take与句子的主语the patient之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，此外它发生在谓语动作was saved之前，所以采用现在分词的完成式的被动式。课件73张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇：
根据提示写出相应单词。
1．________(adj.) 古时的 (n.) 文物，古董
2．________(n.)茶→________(n.)茶壶
3．________(vi.)谈到；查阅；参考→________(n.)裁判员；仲裁者
4．________(v.) 许诺→________(n. & vi.) 妥协；折衷
5．________(adj.)可怕的；恐怖的→________(adv.)可怕地；恐怖地6．________(vi.)看→________(vt.)俯视；忽视；不理会
7．________(vt.)抢劫→________(n.)
8．________(adj.)令人反感的→________(vt.)令人厌恶
答案：1.antique 2.tea; teapot 3.refer; referee
4．promise; compromise 5.horrible; horribly 6.look; overlook 7.rob; robbery 8.disgusting; disgustⅡ.短语：
1．show...________带或领……进来
2．the________day 几天前；前几天
3．take________带走；取走
4．________more 再一次
5．________need________... 需要……
6．________(声音、画面)逐渐模糊、渐淡
答案：1.in 2.other 3.away 4.once 5.in; of 6.fade out1．fancy
a) adj.
1)精致的；有精美装饰的；绚丽的；花哨的
That's a very fancy pair of shoes!
那是一双非常别致的鞋！
2)异常复杂的；过分复杂的
They added a lot of fancy footwork to the dance.
他们给这个舞蹈增加了许多复杂的舞步。3)昂贵的；奢华的
He sells poor goods and charges fancy prices.
他出售的商品很糟，要价却非常昂贵。
b) n.
1)[C& U]相像的事物；相像(力)
Did I really hear a voice or was it only my fancy?
我是真的听到了声音还是我的幻觉而已？2)[sing]～(for sth)想要；爱好
I have a fancy for some wine tonight.
我今晚想喝点酒。
c)v.
1)想要；想做
Do you fancy going out this evening?
今晚你想不想出去？2)认为；相像
She fancied(that)she heard footsteps behind her.
她觉得好像听到身后有脚步声。
3)～oneself(as)sth自认为是；自命为
He fancies himself(as)the fastest swimmer.
他自以为是游泳游得最快的人。【知识拓展】
1)catch/take sb's fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人
She saw a dress in the shop window and it caught her fancy immediately.
她看见商店橱窗里的一件连衣裙， 立刻觉得很合心意。
2)take a fancy to sb/sth 喜欢上、爱上(常指没有明显原因)
I've suddenly taken a fancy to detective stories.
我突然喜欢上了侦探小说。3)have a fancy for爱好；爱上；入迷
I have a fancy for fishing.
我爱好钓鱼。【知识运用】
(1)She wants to buy a handbag, not ________but strong.
A．abstract
B．style
C．fancy
D．single
答案：C 本题题意：我想买一个手提包不要花哨，而要耐用。fancy表示“精致的；有精美装饰的；绚丽的；花哨的”。(2)We cannot________a life without electricity.
A．sense
B．fancy
C．feel
D．care
答案：B 本题题意：我们不能设想没有电的生活。fancy表示“相像”。(3) (原创)Can you fancy her ________such rude things?
A．to say
B．saying
C．said
D．say
答案：B 本题题意：你能想像她说出这样粗鲁的话吗？ fancy表示“想像”，后接动名词担任宾语，不接不定式。2．sob
a)(v.)
1)抽泣；啜泣；呜咽
①The child started to sob when he couldn't find his mother.
孩子因找不见他妈妈，哭起来了。
②She sobbed into her handkerchief.
她用手绢掩面啜泣。2)～sth(out)哭诉；泣诉；抽噎着说
①She sobbed out the story of the death of her child.
她呜咽着诉说自己的孩子是怎样死去的。
②She sobbed out her troubles.
她哭着诉说了自己的苦恼。
b)(n.) 抽泣(声)；啜泣
①The child's sobs gradually died down.
那孩子的啜泣声渐渐静了下来。
②She asked with a sob.
她哭泣着央求。【词语辨析】
weep, cry, sob
这三个动词均有“哭”之意。
1)weep书面用词，指小哭或无声地哭，侧重流泪。
It is better to laugh than(to)weep.
笑比哭好。
2)cry普通用词，指因痛苦、悲哀或伤感等出声地哭。
He cried because he had hurt his knee.
他摔伤了膝盖哭了起来。
3)sob指抽泣、呜咽。
We could hear the child sobbing in the other room.
我们听到那间屋子里的小孩在抽抽搭搭地哭着。【知识运用】
(1)His long boring story made me________.
A．annoying
B．sneeze
C．yawn
D．sob
答案：C 本题题意：他的冗长的故事听得我直打呵欠。yawn表示“打哈欠”。(2)He sat down and buried his head in the bedclothes. He began to________.
A．sob
B．nod
C．yawn
D．squeeze
答案：A 本题题意：他坐下来，用床单捂住头哭泣起来。sob表示“抽泣；啜泣；呜咽”。3．fade (v.)
1)(使)变淡，变暗
①Flowers fade when they come to an end.
花儿开过就凋谢了。
②The color fades when exposed to light.
这颜色曝光后会褪色。2)～(away)逐渐消逝；逐渐消失
①The sound of the motorbike faded away in the distance.
摩托车的声音在远处逐渐消失了。
②The sound of the footsteps faded away.
脚步声渐渐消失了。【知识拓展】
1)fade out/in (声音)渐弱/渐强；(画面)淡出/淡入，渐隐/渐显
The closing music fades out when the hero rides off into the sunset.
当男主角策马向夕阳驰去时，尾声音乐逐渐消失。
2)fade sth out/in使(声音)渐弱/渐强；使(画面)淡出/淡入，渐隐/渐显
As the programme ended, their conversation was faded out.
节目结束时， 他们的谈话声也逐渐消失了。3)fade away 衰弱；病重死亡
His mother faded away and died.
他母亲逐渐衰弱而死。【知识运用】
(1)Because of their continuous failures, my enthusiasm for Chinese football team gradually________.
A．faded away
B．ran out
C．gave up
D．died out
答案：A 本题题意：因为中国足球队连遭败绩，我对这支球队的热情逐渐消失。fade away表示“逐渐消失；逐渐丧失”。(2)(2006湖北-28) Although the wind has______， the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
A．turned up
B．gone back
C．died down
D．blown out
答案：C 本题题意：虽然风已经平息，但是雨却不紧不慢地下着，所以你仍旧需要一件雨衣。die down表示“逐渐减弱”。4．effective (adj.)
1)产生预期效果的；有效的
That's rather an effective use of color.
这种使用颜色的手法效果相当好。
2)实际的；事实上的
Although there is a parliament, the army is in effective control of the country.
虽然有议会存在，但军队实际上控制着这个国家。
3)生效的；起作用的
The new law has been very effective.
新的法律很有效。【词语辨析】
effective, efficient
这两个形容词均有“有效的”之意。
1)effective侧重产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力，指人指物都适用。
Their efforts to improve the production have been very effective.
他们提高生产力的措施卓有成效。
2)efficient侧重指积极有效，效率高，效果好，节省精力。指人时，强调其能干、熟练的技巧。
He is an efficient manager.
他是一位办事效率高的经理。【知识运用】
(1)(2001上海-47) According to the new research gardening is a more________exercise for older women than jogging or swimming.
A．mental
B．physical
C．effective
D．efficient
答案：C 本题题意：最新研究表明，与慢跑或游泳相比，园艺对老年女子来说锻炼效果更有效。effective表示“产生预期效果的；有效的”。(2)Commercial television is an________medium for advertising.
A．instructive
B．effective
C．efficient
D．frustrating
答案：B 本题题意：商业电视是有效的广告宣传工具。effective表示“产生预期效果的；有效的”。(3)As we get older, our bodies become less________at burning up calories.
A．interrupting
B．effective
C．efficient
D．disturbing
答案：C 本题题意：随着一天天衰老，我们的身体消耗热量的功能逐渐减弱。efficient表示“效率高的；有能力的”。1．show...in带或领……进来
①The usher showed us in to our seats.
引座员把我们领到了座位上。
②The host showed us in.
主人把我们领进了屋里。【知识拓展】
1)show sb into sth带或领……进入……
We were shown into the waiting-room.
我们被带到了候车室。
2)show sb out 领某人出去
Please show this lady out(of the building)．
请把这位太太送出去。
3)show sb around/round(sth.)领(某人)参观；带(某人)巡视
Our trained guides will show you round (the museum)．
我们这些训练有素的导游来带你们参观(博物馆)。【知识运用】
(1)He________me________the factory.
A．sent...away
B．left...off
C．saw...off
D．showed...around
答案：D 本题题意：他带我参观工厂。show sb around/round(sth)表示“领(某人)参观；带(某人)巡视”。(2)I have been waiting for him for the last twenty minutes, but he hasn't shown________yet.
A．in
B．out
C．up
D．off
答案：C 本题题意：我已经等了他二十分钟，可他还没有来。show up表示“如约赶到；出现；露面”。(3)The child danced around the room, showing______to everybody.
A．in
B．out
C．up
D．off
答案：D 本题题意：那个孩子满屋子跳舞， 向大家显派一番。show off表示“炫耀自己；卖弄自己”。(4)They were shown________to the garden.
A．in
B．out
C．up
D．off
答案：A 本题题意：他们被带到花园里参观了一番。show...in 表示“带或领……进来”。2．take sb/sth away (from sb/sth) 带走，取走；(从某人或某物处)移去， 移开， 除掉某人(或某物)
①The police came and took him away.
警方来带走了他。
②What takes you away so early?
你为什么这么早就要走？
③The child was taken away from its parents on the recommendation of social workers.
根据社会工作者的建议把那孩子与其父母隔离了。
④These books must not be taken away from the library.
这些书不准携出图书馆。【知识拓展】
1)take sth away
(1)(＝take sth. out)(从餐馆买饭菜等)带回食用；买外卖食品
Two chicken curries and rice to take away, please.
劳驾， 要两份外卖的咖喱鸡饭。
(2)解除；消除(感情、痛苦等)
The doctor has given her some tablets to take away the pain.
医生给了她一些止疼药片。2)take sth. away(from sth)(从一数中)减去(另一数)
①If you take four away from ten, that leaves six.
10减去4得6。
②Take 5 from 12 and you're left with 7.
12减5，剩7。【知识运用】
(1)If I were you, I'd________them away.
A．fetch
B．take
C．bring
D．convey
答案：B 本题题意：如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。take sb/sth away(from sb/sth)表示“带走”。(2)Excuse me, sir, may I take these emptied plates____？
A．off
B．apart
C．down
D．away
答案：D 本题题意：对不起，先生，我可以把这些吃空了的盘子收走吗？take sb/sth away(from sb/sth.)表示“取走，带走”。(3)Anxiety has________his appetite.
A．run away
B．taken away
C．kept away
D．got away
答案：B 本题题意：他愁得吃不下饭。take sth away表示“解除，消除(感情、痛苦等)”。(4)(原创)If the topsoil is________by erosion, plants can no longer grow in the soil left behind.
A．thrown away
B．taken away
C．run away
D．broken away
答案：B 本题题意：如果因水土流失而冲掉了表土，植物不能再在留下的土壤中生长。take sb/sth away (from sb/sth) 表示“取走，带走”。3．in need of...需要……
①Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help.
当有人需要救助的时候，行动胜于言语。
②The doctor told me I was in need of a good rest.
医生对我说，我需要好好休息。【知识拓展】
1)in want of...需要……；缺少……
①Our company is in want of fund.
我们的公司需要资金。
②The house is in want/need of repair.
这所房子该修了。
2)in demand需求大
①Good secretaries are always in demand.
好的秘书总是很多人都需要的。
②The book is in great demand.
这本书需求量很大。【知识运用】
(1)(2008天津-10) Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students________financial aid.
A．in favour of
B．in honour of
C．in face of
D．in need of
答案：D 本题题意：中国的许多大学为贫困生提供奖学金。in need/want of表示“需要”。(2)If you are____anything, don't hesitate to let me know.
A．in fear of
B．in need of
C．in honour of
D．in memory of
答案：B 本题题意：如果你需要什么， 尽管对我说。in need of...表示“需要……”。(3)The other evening, feeling rather________a headache, I was thinking me that I had not been to a music hall for a time.
A．in fear of
B．in need of
C．in want of
D．in terms of
答案：C 本题题意：前几天的晚上，觉得没了头痛，我想起原来是因为我好久没去过音乐厅了。in want of...表示“缺少……”。(4)A fall________for oil tankers has put/placed thousands of jobs in the shipbuilding industry in jeopardy.
A．in demand
B．in need
C．for fear
D．for sure
答案：A 本题题意：油轮需求量下降使造船业成千上万的工作职位受到威胁。in demand表示“需求大”。注意，on demand表示“一经要求”；例如：This is a bill payable on demand. 这是张见票即付的汇票。1．I'm not asking any favours——and he treats me like dirt.
我并不是求他帮忙，可他把我当下贱人看待。
【知识剖析】
treat sb like dirty为固定表达，表示“视某人如粪土；把………视为草芥；蔑视”。例如：
①They treat their workers like dirt.
他们把工人看得粪土不如。
②My brother left that factory because he couldn't bear to be treated like dirt any more.
我哥哥离开了那个工厂，因为他再也忍受不了那种粗暴地对待。③I don't know how Jill puts up with her husband——he treats her like dirt.
我不知道吉尔是怎么容忍她丈夫的——他把她看得一钱不值。【知识运用】
(1)Why'd you invite me here in the first place if you were going to treat me________？
A．like crazy
B．like dirt
C．like mad
D．like anything
答案：B 本题题意：既然你要这样待我，一开始又干嘛要请我来？treat sb like dirty表示“视某人如粪土；把……视为草芥；蔑视”。(2)Service-industry jobs are not easy, and they're even harder when people________you like dirt.
A．regard
B．recognize
C．treat
D．discover
答案：C 本题题意：服务行业的工作并不容易，而当别人把你看得一钱不值时尤其艰难。treat sb like dirty表示“视某人如粪土；把……视为草芥；蔑视”。(3)I'm advertising________for a housekeeper or a maid, but they don't want to know, do they?
A．like crazy
B．like dirt
C．as for
D．like anything
答案：A 本题题意：我拼命地登广告征聘一个女管家或者女佣，可是她们存心不理睬这回事，是不是？like mad/crazy表示“疯狂地；拼命地；尽快地”。2．So I won't give you more than a shilling.
所以我最多给你一个先令。【知识剖析】
“more than＋数字”表示“超过；多于”，相当于over.例如：
①The museum is more than/over 10 kiolmetres from here.
从这儿到博物馆有10多公里。
②For safety's sake, don't drive more than/over 30 kilometers per hour in the city.
为了安全起见，在市内开车时速不要超过三十公里。【知识拓展】
1)more than
(1)(修饰名词) 不仅仅是；不只是
China Daily is more than a newspaper. It helps to improve our English.
《中国日报》不仅仅是份报纸。它帮助我们提高英语水平。
(2)more than happy, glad, willing etc.(to do sth)非常乐意(做某事)
I'm more than happy to take you there in my car.
我非常愿意用汽车把你送去。(3)(more than/more...than...＋含can的分句) 超出某人力量、知识等的范围
The beauty of the west lake is more than I can describe.
西湖之美我难以描述。
2)more...than
(1)与其说……倒不如说……
She is more lazy than unintelligent.
她与其说智力差，不如说懒惰。(2)比……更(多)
He has made much more progress this year than(he did)last year.
他今年取得的进步比去年大。
3)no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)
①I have no more than two pens.
我只有两支笔。
②His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
他所受的全部学校教育加起来不过一年。 4)not more than 至多，不超过，不比……更……
①I'll stay here not more than three days.
我将待在这里最多不超过三天。
②It is not more than ten minutes' walk from the station.
由车站走到这里最多十分钟的路程。
5)not more...than...和……一样不；和……都不； 不超过
①You're no more capable of speaking Chinese than I am.
你我都不会说汉语。
②It's no more than a mile to the shops.
离商业区不过一英里。6)nothing more than 无非是；正是；简直是
①She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.
她希望像一般的女孩子那样被对待。
②It is nothing more than a made-up story.
它只不过是杜撰的故事而已。【知识运用】
(1)(2009浙江-10) It took________building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.
A．other than
B．more than
C．rather than
D．less than
答案：B 本题题意：建造这些节能房屋不仅仅需要建材，还需要智慧。more than表示“不只是……；不仅仅是……”。(2)(2008上海春-28) Those who have________money than sense may sometimes act foolishly.
A．much
B．more
C．most
D．many
答案：B 本题题意：那些钱多失去理性的人可能有时候做出傻事。本题考查more...than...结构的用法。(3)(2007安徽-34) —Do you need any help, Lucy?
—Yes, The job is________I could do myself.
A．less than
B．more than
C．no more than
D．not more than
答案：B 本题题意：“露西，你需要帮助吗？”“是的，这项工作是我自己力所不能及的。“more than/more...than...＋含can的分句”表示否定， 意思是“超出某人力量、知识等的范围”。(4)(2004全国4-33) Lizzie was________to see her friend off at the airport.
A．a little more than sad
B．more than a little sad
C．sad more than a little
D．a little more sad than
答案：B 本题题意：Lizzie在机场为朋友送行时有点悲伤。more than表示“不仅仅是，不只是”；a little 修饰形容词sad.(5)—He failed the exam again! What should I do, Miss Wang?
—In my opinion, your son is________than stupid.
A．quite lazier
B．much lazier
C．more lazy
D．lazier rather
答案：C 本题题意：“王老师，他考试又不及格！我该怎么办呢？”“依我之见，你儿子不是笨而是懒。”。more than表示“与其说……，不如说……”。3．You wouldn't have the face to ask me the same for teaching me as you would for French.
你总不会有脸要我付跟法语同样多的钱吧。
【知识剖析】
have the face to do sth表示“居然有脸干某事；恬不知耻做某事”。例如：
①How can you have the face to ask for more money when you do so little work?
你干这么少工作还有脸多要钱？
②How can you have the face to say that?
你怎么有脸那样说？【知识运用】
(1)How could he have the________to question my judgment?
A．mind
B．face
C．opportunity
D．heart
答案：B 本题题意：他怎能厚颜无耻地怀疑我的判断呢？have the face to do sth.表示“居然有脸干某事；恬不知耻做某事”。(2)I didn't have the________to tell you about it.
A．mind
B．face
C．tip
D．heart
答案：D 本题题意：我没有勇气将此事告诉你。heart表示“勇气；精神”。
