课件15张PPT。1．identify (v.)～sb/sth.(as sb./sth.)确认；认出；鉴定
①I cannot identify this signature.
我识别不出这是谁的签字。
②She identified the man as her attacker.
她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。【知识运用】
(1)Can you________your umbrella among this lot?
A．tell B．identify
C．classify D．realize
答案：B 本题题意：你能在这些伞中认出你自己的那一把吗？ identify sb/sth.(as sb/sth.)表示“确认；认出；鉴定”。(2)He was________by police boarding a plane for Paris.
A．marked B．doted
C．spoiled D．spotted
答案：D 本题题意：他登上飞往巴黎的飞机时被警方认出。spot sb/sth.(as sth.)表示“(从许多人或事物中)找出，辨别出，认出(某人或某事物)；瞥见；发觉”。(3)We________that our luggage had been stolen.
A．settled B．discovered
C．saw D．distinguished
答案：B 本题题意：我们发觉行李被偷了。discover表示“了解到， 认识到， 发觉(某事物)”；例如：Did you ever discover who did it? 你到底发现是谁干的了吗？2．alternative
a)(n.) 可供选择的事物
①One of the alternatives open to you is to resign.
你辞职也是个办法。
②You have the alternative of riding or walking.
你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。
b)(adj.)(＝alternate)可供替代的
①Please find alternative means of transport.
请另外找一个运输方法。
②Have you got an alternative suggestion?
你有没有其他建议？【词语辨析】
alternative, choice，selection
这些名词均含有“选择”之意。
1)alternative指在相互排斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上中进行选择。
Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess.
他被当场抓住， 除了招供别无出路。 2)choice指广泛地从一组人或物中进行的自由选择；侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。
The store offers a wide choice of fruits and vegetables.
商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。
3)selection指作广泛的选择，着重选择者的识别力或鉴赏力。
Parents should exercise care in their selection of the movies their young children see.
家长们在为他们年幼的孩子们挑选所看的电影时应小心谨慎。【知识运用】
(1)(2009湖北-27) As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of________energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.
A．primary B．alternative
C．instant D．unique
答案：B 本题题意：因为煤和石油的储量越来越少，科学家正在探索利用诸如太阳光，风和水等其它的替代能源新形式以获取能量和燃料。alternative表示“可供替代的”。(2)If you don't like the school lunch, you have the______of bringing your own.
A．alternative B．choice
C．selection D．election
答案：A 本题题意：要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。alternative表示“(在两者中)可供选择的事物”。课件96张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇：
根据提示写出相应单词。
1．________(n.)可能的选择；(adj.)供选择的
2．________(vt.)假定；设想
3．________(n.)精确，准确→________(adj.)准确的
4．________(v.)打断……讲话，打岔
5．________(vi. & vt.)(使)锋利，尖锐→________(adj.) 尖的6．________(n.)挨饿，饿死→________(v.)(使)饿死，渴望
7．________(adj.)试探性的，不确定的
8．________(adj.)足够的；充足的；富裕的
9．________(n.)分析→________(vt.)分析
10．________(vt. & vi.)(使……)成熟→________(adj.) 成熟的
答案：1.alternative 2.assume 3.accuracy; accurate 4.interrupt 5.sharpen；sharp 6.starvation, starve 7.tentative 8.ample 9.analysis; analyse 10.ripen; ripeⅡ.重点短语
1．regardless________ 不管；不顾
2．cut________切碎
3．keep________关在门外，不准入内
4．________most 最多，至多，不超过
5．come________a conclusion 得出结论
6．compare...with...________
7．differ from________
答案：1.of 2.up 3.out 4.at 5.to 6.把……和……比较 7.和……不同Ⅲ.语篇导读答案：1.caves 2.fireplaces 3.away 4.sharpened 5.remove 6.scrapers 7.rubbed 8.sew 9.necklaces 10.shells 1．aware (adj.)
1)～(of sth.)|～(that...) 知道；意识到；明白
①She was not aware of having done wrong.
她没有意识到做错了事。
②Were you aware that something was wrong?
你有没有意识到已经出了问题？
2)～(of sb/sth)|～(that...) 察觉到；发觉；发现
①They suddenly became aware of people looking at them.
他们突然意识到有些人正在瞧着他们。
②I was aware that she was trembling.
我察觉到她在发抖。3)对……有兴趣的；有……意识的
①Young people are more environmentally aware than their parents.
年轻人的环保意识比他们的父母强。
②He is an artistically aware young man.
他是个懂艺术的青年。【词语辨析】
aware, conscious, sensible
这些形容词均含“意识到”之意。
1)aware强调通过耳闻目睹或感觉而得到的信息，也指敏锐的观察和推断。侧重感知，多与of一起用。
Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us.
他们突然的攻击使我们更加注意我们周围的危险。2)conscious指内心的感觉，强调深刻的心理活动。
Are you conscious (of) how people will regard such behaviour?
你知道人们对这种行为是怎样看待的吗？
3)sensible侧重通过直觉或理性感觉意识到某物的存在。
Are you sensible of the dangers of your position?
你觉察出你处境中的危险了吗？【知识运用】
(1)(2001上海春-51) While a person is asleep, a part of his brain is still________.
A．active B．alive
C．awake D．Aware
答案：A 本题题意：当一个人睡着时，其部分脑组织仍然处于活跃状态。active表示“活跃的，积极的”。(2)It happened without my being________of it.
A．aware B．awake
C．active D．sensitive
答案：A 本题题意：事情在我不知不觉中发生了。aware表示“察觉到；发觉；发现”。
(3)She spoke to us in her________moments.
A．aware B．conscious
C．sensible D．active
答案：B 本题题意：她神志清醒时跟我们说过话。conscious表示“感觉到的；意识到的；清醒的”。2．interrupt (v.)
1)～(sb./sth.)(with sth.)插嘴；打扰；打岔
①Go on. I don't want to interrupt.
说下去，我不想打断你说话。
②Don't interrupt me when I am busy.
我正忙的时候请不要来打扰我。
2)暂停；中断
①He interrupted college to serve in the army.
他中断了大学学业到军队去服役。
②Trade between the two countries was interrupted by the war.
两国间贸易因战争而中断。【知识运用】
(1)We________this programme to bring you a news flash.
A．damage B．interrupt
C．disturb D．abrupt
答案：B 本题题意：我们中断节目， 报告新闻快讯。interrupt表示“暂停；中断”。(2)I heard you talking and I didn't like to________you, so I went away.
A．break B．interrupt
C．disturb D．attack
答案：C 本题题意：我听见你们在谈话，觉得不该打扰你们，就走开了。disturb表示“打扰， 干扰，骚扰(某人或某事物)”。(3)It is not polite to________when someone is talking.
A．break B．interrupt
C．disturb D．ignore
答案：B 本题题意：在别人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。interrupt表示“插嘴；打扰；打岔”。
(4)Please don't________on our conversation.
A．turn in B．break in
C．get in D．bring in
答案：B 本题题意：请不要打断我们的谈话。break in(on sth.)表示“打断；搅扰”。(5)(原创)The sudden noise from the next room ______ my train of thought.
A．interrupted B．offended
C．impressed D．bothered
答案：A 本题题意：从隔壁房间突然传来的吵闹声打断了我的思路。interrupt表示“暂停；中断”。3．assume (v.)
1)假定； 假设； 认为
①We cannot assume anything in this case.
在这种情形下我们无法作任何揣测。
②We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.
尚未证实他有罪， 就得假定他是清白的。
2)装出；假装
①The look of innocence she assumed had us all fooled.
她装出清白无辜的样子把我们都愚弄了。
②She assumed an air of cheerfulness.
她装出快活的样子。3)承担(责任)；就(职)；取得(权力)
①He assumes his new responsibilities next month.
他下月承担新任务。
②I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.
我错了，我愿为此承担责任。
4)呈现(外观、样子)；显露(特征)
①His illness assumed a very grave character.
他的病显得非常的严重。
②The problem has assumed a new form.
这个问题又以新的形式出现。【词语辨析】
assume, suppose, guess
这些动词均含为“假设，猜想，推测”之意。
1)assume指有很少或完全无根据的武断推测或不合逻辑的推理。
I assumed you can speak French fluently.
我以为你能讲流利的法语。2)suppose常用词，意义较广泛，指缺乏确切事实，根据一些现象进行的推测，也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定，有时仅表示自己的意见。
What makes you suppose(that)I'm against it?
你根据什么认为我反对这件事？
3)guess常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
I knew by her smile that she had guessed what I was thinking.
我从她的微笑中知道她猜着了我在想什么。
【知识运用】
(1)I am________that the present situation is going to continue.
A．pretending B．trusting
C．believing D．assuming
答案：D 本题题意：我认为目前的情况将会继续下去。assume表示“假定；假设；认为”。注意，trust以及believe不能用于进行时态。(2)Am I________to clean all the rooms or just this one?
A．pretended B．assumed
C．supposed D．guessed
答案：C 本题题意：我是应该打扫所有的房间， 还是只有这一间？be supposed to do sth.(＝be expected or required to do sth by rules, custom, etc)表示“被期望或被要求(按规则﹑惯例等)做某事”。(3)(原创)We're doing all our business planning ______that 2011 stays as tough as it is right now.
A．assumed B．to assume
C．assuming D．to be assumed
答案：C 本题题意：我们现在正在做的商业规划是在假设2011年的经济形势与现在一样严峻。assuming that表示“假定……(的话)”。4．sharpen (v.)
1)(使)变得锋利，变得清晰
This knife needs sharpening.
这把刀要磨一下。
2)(使感觉或感情)加强，加重，变得更明显
Cold weather sharpens the pain in my knee.
寒冷使我膝盖的疼痛加剧。
3)使尖锐；使明朗
There is a need to sharpen the focus of the discussion.
有必要使讨论的焦点更加集中。4)～(sth.)up(使)提高，改善
She's doing a course to sharpen her business skills.
她正在进修，以提高自己的业务技能。
5)(使声音)变得尖锐，变得刺耳
Her voice sharpened as she became impatient.
她变得不耐烦了， 声音也变尖了。
【知识运用】
(1)My pencil doesn't write well; I must________it.
A．sharp B．sharpen
C．shape D．range
答案：B 本题题意：我的铅笔不好使；我必须把它削尖。sharpen表示“(使)变得锋利”。(2)This incident has________public awareness of the economic crisis.
A．realized B．recognized
C．sharpened D．illustrated
答案：C 本题题意：这件事提高了公众对经济危机的认识。sharpen表示“(使)提高，改善”。5．ample (adj.)足够的，丰裕的
①A small piece of cake will be ample, thank you.
一小块蛋糕就足够了， 谢谢你。
②The director of the company receives an ample salary.
公司的董事薪水很高。
③There's ample room for the children on the back seat.
后座很宽敞足容得下孩子们。【词语辨析】
ample, abundant, plentiful, enough
这些形容词均有“充分的、丰富的”之意。
1)ample指某物不仅满足了需要而且有余。
This leaves her ample time to prepare three meals a day.
这样她就有充裕的时间准备一日三餐饭。
2)abundant着重某物极为丰富或有大量的供应。
We have abundant proof of his guilt.
我们有充分的证据证明他有罪。3)plentiful普通用词，指某物的数量多得称心如意，不过剩，但较少用于描写抽象之物。
Eggs are plentiful at the moment.
现在鸡蛋很多。
4)enough最普通用词，口语、书面语可用，较侧重分量或数量的足够，多指希望的满足。
Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee.
你喝杯咖啡15分钟当然足够了。【知识运用】
(1)I wish you'd write clearly ________ for us to read it.
A．ample B．abundant
C．plentiful D．enough
答案：D 本题题意：但愿你能写得清楚点， 我们好能看明白。enough用于动词﹑形容词和副词之后，表示“达到满意的程度； 足够地； 充足地”；例如：You don't practise enough at the piano. 你钢琴弹奏练习得不够。(2)________sunshine and rainfall are bringing the crops on nicely.
A．Ample B．Plentiful
C．Enough D．Effective
答案：A 本题题意：充足的阳光和雨水正使庄稼茁壮地生长。ample表示“足够的，丰裕的”。6．preserve (v.)
1)保护；维护；保留
I tried to preserve my independence.
我试图保持自己的独立性。
2)维持……的原状；保存；保养
Eyesight should be carefully preserved.
应该小心保护视力。 3)贮存；保鲜
We can preserve meat in tins so that it does not go bad.
我们可以把肉保存在罐子里，这样肉就不会坏。
4)～sb/sth.(from sth.)使继续存活；保护；保全
We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources.
我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。
【词语辨析】
preserve, save, store
这些动词均有“保存，储藏”之意。
1)preserve侧重将物品完好无损地保存下来。
In the summer, large crops of fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling.
夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶装罐加以保存。2)save普通用词，指尽量少用，以争取数量上有所增加。
Don't eat all the cake now; save some for tomorrow.
现在别把蛋糕都吃了， 留些明天吃。
3)store普通用词，指将物品存放，以备将来使用。
I've stored my winter clothes(away)in the attic.
我把冬天的衣服存放在阁楼里了。
【知识运用】
(1)(2007上海-41) At minus 130℃， a living cell can be________for a thousand years.
A．spared B．protected
C．preserved D．developed
答案：C 本题题意：在－130℃，活细胞可以被保存1000 年。preserve表示“贮存；保鲜；维持……的原状”。(2)________your strength for the hard work you'll have to do later.
A．Preserve B．Save
C．Store D．Deserve
答案：B 本题题意：留点儿劲，你一会儿还得干重活儿呢。save sth.(for sb./sth.)表示“储存某物；不将某物用完”。
(3)I think these interesting old customs should be____.
A．preserved B．stored
C．prevented D．deserved
答案：A 本题题意：我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保存下去。preserve表示“使继续存活；保护；保全”。(4)(原创)In the summer, large crops of fruit may be________by freezing or bottling.
A．preserved B．prohibited
C．ignored D．tolerated
答案：A 本题题意：夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶装罐加以保存。preserve表示“贮存；保鲜”。
1．regardless of 不管；不顾；不理会
①I'll take the job regardless of the pay.
不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。
②They decorated the house regardless of cost.
他们不惜工本装修这栋房子。【知识拓展】
1)in spite of 不管；尽管
①They went out in spite of the rain.
尽管下着雨， 他们还是出去了。
②In spite of all his efforts he failed.
他已竭尽全力， 但仍然失败了。2)despite 不管；尽管；任凭
①They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather.
尽管天气不好， 他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。
②Despite wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters.
她尽管很想再见到他， 但却不愿给他回信。
3)in the face of
(1)不顾(问题、困难等)
She showed great courage in the face of danger.
面对危险她表现出了巨大的勇气。
(2)(＝as a result of)因为，由于
We are powerless in the face of such forces.
面对这样强大的力量， 我们无能为力。【知识运用】
(1)(山东省泰安市2010届高三一模) Once made out, the plan must be carried out ________any difficulty.
A.regardless of B．instead of
C．because of D．in need of
答案：A 本题题意：计划一旦制定必须得到执行，不管有多困难。regardless of 表示“不管；不顾；不理会”。(2)(2009天津-10) The art show was ________being a failure; it was a great success.
A．far from B．along with
C．next to D．regardless of
答案：A 本题题意：这次展览不仅不是个失败，而且是一次很大的成功。far from表示“远远不；完全不；非但不……反而……”。(3)(2009江苏-30) This special school accepts all disabled students, ________educational level and background.
A．according to B．regardless of
C．in addition to D．in terms of
答案：B 本题题意：这所特殊学校招收所有的残疾学生，而不管他们的教育水平和背景如何。regardless of表示“不管；不顾；不理会”。(4)The boy went swimming in the deep lake________his mother's fears for his safety.
A．in the face of B．as a result of
C．regardless of D．in spite of
答案：C 本题题意：那个男孩不顾母亲对他安全的担扰，跑到深湖中游泳。regardless of表示“不管；不顾；不理会”。(5)He was unable to deny the charges________new evidence.
A．in the face of B．as a result of
C．regardless of D．in spite of
答案：C 本题题意：面对新的证据，他无法否认被控告的罪行。in the face of(＝as a result of)表示“因为，由于”，也可以理解为“面对某事物”。2．cut sth up切碎； 剁碎
①The cook is cutting up the meat.
厨师正在切肉。
②Please cut up the vegetables very fine.
请把蔬菜切成碎末。
③Cut up the carrot before you put them into the pot.
把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。【知识拓展】
1)cut sb up
(1)(严重地)割伤；打伤
He was badly cut up in the fight.
他在斗殴中被打得遍体麟伤。
(2)使伤心；使悲伤；使难受
Jean was really cut up when her husband left her.
在丈夫抛弃她之后，简痛苦极了。2)cut sth off(sth)
(1)切去； 割掉；砍掉；剪掉
Don't cut your fingers off!
小心别切断手指头！
(2)阻碍；阻挡；堵塞
This fence cuts off our view of the sea.
篱笆挡住了我们观望大海的视线。
3)cut sth down (自根基部分) 砍倒
Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade.
【谚】遮荫之树不可砍。4)cut sth down(to...)|cut down(on sth.)削减，缩小(尺寸、数量、数目)
He has to cut down on family expenses by more than one-third.
他不得不把家庭开支减少三分之一。
5)cut sb/sth off停止；中断供应
If you don't pay your gas bill soon you may be cut off.
你若不立即付清煤气费，就要停止向你供气。6)cut sb/sth. off(from sb/sth)切断……的去路或来路；使……与外界隔绝
She felt very cut off living in the country.
她住在乡间感到很闭塞。
7)cut sth out(of sth.)剪下
That's an interesting article——I'll cut it out.
这是篇有趣的文章，我要把它剪下来。
8)cut across/through sth.走近路； 抄近路走过
I usually cut across/through the park on my way home.
我在回家的路上通常抄近路穿过公园。9)cut in(on sb/sth.)插嘴
She kept cutting in on/cutting into our conversation.
我们谈话时她老是插嘴。【知识运用】
(1)(2005湖南-26) I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson________.
A．cut in B．cut down
C．cut out D．cut up
答案：A 本题题意：我刚要开口和玛格丽特说话，杰克逊突然插了嘴。cut in(on sb./sth.)表示“插嘴”。(2)(2004北京春-33)He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was________from the outside world.
A．cut out B．cut off
C．cut up D．cut through
答案：B 本题题意：他住院六个月，有种与世隔绝的感觉。cut sb/sth. off(from sb./sth.)“切断……的去路或来路；使……与外界隔绝”。
(3)I________the meat for cooking meat ball.
A．cut out B．cut off
C．cut up D．cut through
答案：C 本题题意：我把肉剁碎后做肉丸子。cut sth up表示“切碎； 剁碎”。(4)The aircraft is streamlined to______wind resistance.
A．cut off B．cut away
C．cut up D．cut down
答案：D 本题题意：飞机设计成流线型以减少风的阻力。cut sth down(to...)|cut down(on sth.) 表示“削减，缩小(尺寸、数量、数目)”。(5)(原创)Try again; don't be so ________about your failure.
A．cut off B．cut away
C．cut up D．cut down
答案：C 本题题意：再试试看；不要因为失败就这样沮丧。cut up表示“使伤心；使悲伤；使难受”。It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.
很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。
【知识剖析】
名词pleasure通常用作不可数名词，但有时候却可以用作可数名词，表示“乐事；快事”。这种现象称作“抽象名词具体化”。例如：
①It is a pleasure to work with you.
和你一起工作真是件乐事。②It's a pleasure to meet you too, Mrs. Green. I've heard so much about you.
格林太太，我也很高兴见到您。早就听说过您。
③Shopping, too, is always a pleasure.
买东西也是一种乐趣。
④Believe me, no civilized man regrets a pleasure, and no uncivilized man ever knows what a pleasure is.
请相信我，没有一个文明人会为欢乐追悔，也没有一个不文明的人理解欢乐是怎么回事。【知识拓展】
抽象名词具体化往往表示其特性，状态，行为，和具体表现形式，常以 “a/an＋adj.＋抽象名词”的形式出现。在高中阶段常见的词还有：
1)attraction [U]吸引，吸引力；[C]有吸引力的人或事物
①The idea of traveling to the moon has little attraction for me.
到月球上旅行的想法对我没有什么吸引力。②One of the main attractions of the job is the high salary.
这份工作最吸引人的是薪水高。
2)beauty [U]美，美丽；[C]美丽的人或事物
①She was a woman of great beauty.
她曾经是个大美人。
②That new car is an absolute beauty.
那辆新车漂亮极了。3)[U]comfort 安慰，慰藉，宽恕；[C]令人感到安慰的人或事物
①The news brought comfort to all of us.
这消息给我们大家带来了安慰。
②His husband was a great comfort to her when she was ill.
她生病时，她丈夫对她是个极大的安慰。4)danger [U]危险，风险；[C]危险的人，危险因素
①There's a lot of danger in rock climbing.
攀登岩壁非常危险。
②How does nature form a danger to people in the world?
自然现象是如何对全球人类造成威胁的？
5)death[U]死，死亡；[C]死亡的人
①You're drinking yourself to death.
你这样喝酒， 非喝死不可。
②Air pollution alone causes about three million deaths every year.
仅空气污染就造成了每年近三百万人死亡。6)delight [U]高兴，愉快，快乐； [C]令人高兴的事，乐事，乐趣
①To our great delight, the day turned out fine.
我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了。
②The guitar is a delight to play.
弹吉他是件很惬意的事。7)difficulty [U]困难，艰难，难度，困难性；难做，难懂，[C]难应付的事，难事，难点，难题
①She got the door open with difficulty.
她艰难地把门打开了。
②She met with many difficulties when traveling.
她在旅行时遇到了许多伤脑筋的事。
8)experience [U]经验；[C]经历，体验
①Do you have any previous experience of this kind of work?
你以前做过这种工作吗？
②Please tell us your experiences in America.
请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。9)failure [U]失败；[C]失败的人或事物
①Failure in one examination should not stop you trying again.
一次考试不及格不应该防碍你再试一次。
②The whole thing was a complete failure.
整个事情彻底失败了。
10)help [U]帮助；[C]有帮助的人或事物
①Thank you for your kind help.
谢谢你好意相助。
②A tape-recorder or a MP3 is a great help for you to learn English.
录音机或MP3对你学英语帮助很大。 11)honour [U]荣幸，荣誉；[C]给某人/某事增光的人或事物
①We fought for the honour of our country.
我们为祖国的荣誉而战。
②It is a great honour for me to be present at the conference.
参加这次大会我感到很荣幸。12)joy [U]高兴，愉快，喜悦；[C]令人高兴的人或事，乐事，乐趣
①She was full of joy when her child was born.
她的孩子出生时，她非常高兴。
②The game was a joy to watch.
看这场比赛真是开心。
13)pity [U]怜悯，同情；[C]可惜的事，遗憾的事
①I felt great pity for the woman whose baby died.
我很同情这个死了孩子的妇女。
②It's a pity the weather is not good for our outing today.
我们今天出去游玩天气不好，真遗憾。14)satisfaction [U]满足，满意；[C]令人满足或带来乐趣的事情
①She can look back on her career with great satisfaction.
她回顾自己的经历觉得心满意足。
②Playing the piano was one of his greatest satisfactions.
弹钢琴是他的最大乐趣之一。
15)shame [U]羞耻，羞愧，惭愧；[C]遗憾的事，可耻的人或事物
①He felt no shame for what he had done.
他对自己所做的事情不感到羞愧。
②What a shame that it rained so much during the vocation.
假期里下那么多雨，真是太遗憾了。16)success [U]成功，成名；[C]成功的人或事物
①I haven't had much success in my applications for jobs.
我那些求职信都没怎么达到目的。
②Of his experiments, three were successes and one was a failure.
在他的实验中，有三个成功，一个失败。
17)surprise [U]惊奇；[C]令人惊奇的事或消息，意想不到或突然的事
①To my surprise, he refused to cooperate with us.
令我吃惊的是，他不肯与我们合作。
②The incident came as quite a surprise to them.
这一事件完全出乎他们的意料。18)trouble [U]困难，苦恼，痛苦；[C]麻烦事，困难事，负担
①Her heart was full of trouble.
她忧心忡忡。
②She has always been a great trouble to her father and mother.
她一直是她父母的一块心病。19)wonder [U]惊奇，惊讶，惊异，惊叹，惊愕；[C]令人感到惊奇的事情，奇迹，奇观
①There was a look of wonder in his eyes.
他眼中露出惊奇的神色。
②It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten-storied building.
他从一幢十层楼房子的屋顶上摔下来，但仍然活着，真是奇迹。
20)worry [U]担心，担忧，忧愁；[C]烦恼事，令人担忧的人
①The worry showed on her face.
她的脸上显出焦虑的神色。
②My father has a lot of worries.
我父亲有许多烦恼的事。
21)sight [U]视力，视觉 [C]情景，景象
①She lost her sight in an accident.
她在一次事故中丧失了视力。
②The flowers are a lovely sight in spring.
春天百花盛开十分美丽。22)knowledge [U]知识；[C](一门)学问
①We go to school to get knowledge about many different things.
我们上学是为了得到关于各种事物的知识。
②I want an assistant with a knowledge of English and experience of office routine.
我需要一名懂英语和具有例行公事经验的助手。23)room [U]空间；[C]房间
①There's no room for this piano.
房间里没地方放这架钢琴了。
②Stay with us for several days. We have 20 rooms in the village.
过来和我们住一段时间吧。我们在村里有20间房子。
24)atmosphere [U]大气；[C]气氛
①From these observations we conclude that the moon has little or no atmosphere.
由这些观察，我们确信月球很少或根本没有大气层。
②We live in an atmosphere of freedom.
我们生活在自由的环境中。【知识运用】
(1)(2010福建－21)It's________good feeling for people to admire the shanghai world expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．不填，a B．a，不填
C．the, a D．a, the
答案：B 本题题意：参观上海世博会会给人们带来极大的快乐，这是一种良好的感受。feeling表示“感觉； 感触”，为可数名词，和不定冠词连用，表示“泛指”意义。pleasure表示“愉快； 快乐”，为不可数名词。(2)(2009陕西-6) What________pity that you couldn't be there to receive________prize!
A．a；a B．the；a
C．a；the D．the；the
答案：C 本题题意：真可惜，你不能在那儿领奖！第一空考查固定结构What a pity that...，表示“……真遗憾；真可惜”。例如：What a pity that you can't come to the theatre with us tonight.你今晚不能和我们一起去看戏， 真可惜。第二空考查名词与定冠词the连用，表示特指概念。(3)(2007福建-22)—How about________Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was ________success.
A．a; a B．the; a
C．a; 不填 D．the; 不填答案：B 本题题意：“圣诞晚会怎么样？” “我认为晚会非常成功。” evening party表示“晚会”，由于 Christmas的存在，表示“特指”；例如：Everybody enjoyed himself ever so at the evening party. 在联欢晚会上大家都非常愉快。注意，evening party也可以表示“泛指”。例如：I've an idea at the back of my mind that I met her at an evening party about two years ago.我模模糊糊地记得，大约两年前曾在一次晚会上见过她。此外，success作为可数名词，表示“成功的人(或事物)”。
(4)(2007江西-26) Many people have come to realize that they should go on________balanced diet and make________room in their day for exercise.
A．a；/ B．the; a
C．the; the D．/; a答案：A 本题题意：很多人已经开始意识到他们应该均衡饮食， 并且在日常生活中腾出时间加以锻炼。go on a diet表示“节食；限制饮食”；例如：You must go on a diet because you are too fat.你必须限制饮食因为你太胖了。此外，make room for表示“给……让出(地方等)”；例如：The whole village moved away to make room for the construction. 整个村子迁走，给这项建设让地。
课件83张PPT。1．somehow (adv.)
1)以某种方式(或方法)
①He arrived in Beijing somehow, though I don't know how he did it.
反正他到了北京，虽然我不知道他是怎样去的。
②We must stop him from seeing her somehow.
我们得想个办法阻止他和她来往。2)由于某种未知的原因；不知为什么；不知怎么地
①I always know I'd get the job, somehow.
也不知为什么，我总觉得能得到那份工作。
②Somehow, I don't feel I can trust him.
不知什么缘故，我觉得不能信任他。【知识运用】
(1)He could have finished it on schedule, but________he fell behind.
A．somehow B．though
C．therefore D．otherwise
答案：A 本题题意：他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎地却落后了。somehow表示“由于某种未知的原因；不知为什么；不知怎么地”。(2)______， I'd better go now——I'll see you tomorrow.
A．Somehow B．Anyway
C．Anyhow D．Otherwise
答案：B 本题题意：反正我现在还是走得好——明天见。anyway表示“(转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题时使用)无论如何；反正”。注意，anyway表示“而且；加之；反正”时，可以和anyhow互换。例如：It's too expensive and anyway/anyhow/besides the colour doesn't suit you.这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合你。2．fed up(adj.)～(with sb/sth.)厌烦；厌倦；不愉快
①What's the matter? You look pretty fed up.
怎么啦？你显得那么不高兴。
②I'm fed up with waiting for her to telephone.
我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了。【知识拓展】
1)be(sick and)tired of sb./sth./doing sth.对某人(某事/做某事)不耐烦或感到厌烦
I'm tired of(listening to)your criticisms.
我听腻了你的批评。
2)be impatient with sb/sth对某人(或某事)不耐烦
You're too impatient with her; she's only a child.
你对她太缺乏耐心， 她只不过是个孩子。3)be bored with sb/sth/doing sth 对某人(或某物)厌倦(或烦闷)
The children quickly got bored with staying indoors.
孩子们在屋子里很快就待不住了。
4)be sick of sb/sth/doing sth厌倦或腻烦某人(或某事物)
I'm sick of waiting around like this.
我腻烦像这样在一旁等着。
【知识运用】
(1)People are________all these traffic jams.
A．fed up with B．put up with
C．dealt with D．got along with
答案：A 本题题意：人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。be fed up(with sb/sth.)表示“(对……感到)厌烦；厌倦；不愉快”。(2)I don't know how she________his cruelty to her.
A．fed up with B．put up with
C．dealt with D．got along with
答案：B 本题题意：我不明白她怎么能忍受他的虐待。put up with sb/sth表示“忍受或容忍某人(或某事物)”。复习动词时态(Revise the verb tenses)
1．一般现在时
1)一般现在时可以表示习惯性动作，即不断重复发生的动作。常和副词 usually，often，always, sometimes, regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week 等连用。
He's working. He always works at night.
他在工作。他常常在晚上工作。2)一般现在时可用以陈述永恒的真理。
Summer follows spring.
春去夏来。
3)一般现在时可用以陈述现在时段发生或存在的事件、动作或状况。这些事件、动作或情境说不定会无限期地持续下去。
My sister wears glasses.
我妹妹戴眼镜。4)一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，常用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排的事情。这类动词有：be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave 等。
The train leaves at 7：00 p．m.
火车在下午7点离开。
5)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Whenever it rains the roof leaks.
只要下雨屋顶就漏水。
6)一般现在时可用于戏剧性的叙述。在描述戏剧、歌剧等中的动作时极为有用。也常用于电台评论员、解说员对运动项目、公共集会等的报道中。
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing at her desk. Suddenly, the window opens and a masked man enters.
幕启时，朱丽叶正坐在桌旁写字。忽然，窗户开了，一个戴面罩的人走进来。2．一般过去时
1)一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件，动作或状况，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。
①When did you meet him?
你是什么时候见到他的？
②Sam phoned me a moment ago.
萨姆刚才给我打过电话。2)一般过去时可以表示过去的习惯性动作。
①They never drank wine.
他们从来不喝葡萄酒。
②I smoked forty cigarettes a day till I gave up.
我戒烟前每天要抽40支烟。
3)一般过去时可以表示刚刚发生过的事情，而不必说明时间。
①Who left the door open?
谁没关门？
②Did the telephone ring?
刚才电话铃响了吗？3．一般将来时
1)shall/will＋v.主要表示事先未曾考虑过的某种意图或打算，即说话时刻临时想到做什么事。
—I'm sorry that I forgot to bring my pen with me.
—I'll lend mine to you if you need it.
“抱歉，我忘记带钢笔了。”“如果你需要的话，我把我的笔借给你。”
2)be going to＋v.在口语中广泛使用，主要表示准备做或将发生的事情。这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备。
I'm going to meet Tom at the station at six.
我打算6点钟到车站接汤姆。3)be to＋v.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
We must go if we are to take the nine o'clock train.
如果我们一定要乘坐9：00的火车，我们必须走了。
4)be about to＋v.表示即将发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语。
A new book is about to be brought out.
一本新书即将出版。5)be due to＋v.表示预先确定了的事， 必定发生的事。
We are due to leave tomorrow.
我们定于明天动身。
4．现在进行时
1)现在进行时表示说话时刻正在进行的动作或事件。
I am not wearing a coat as it isn't cold.
天气不冷，我没穿外衣。2)现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况，或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。
—What's your daughter doing these days?
—She's studying English at Shandong University.
“你女儿现在在干什么？”“她在山东大学学英语”。
3)现在进行时可以表示暂时发生的事情。
The river is flowing very fast after last night's rain.
昨夜下过雨之后，河水流速很快。4)现在进行时可以表示当前的动向。
People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days.
如今人们对于吸烟较为难以容忍了。
5)现在进行时可以表示为将来安排好的活动或时间。表示趋向行为的动词(come, go, start, begin, leave等词)常用进行时表示将来时。
The Smiths are moving to America next year.
史密斯一家明年将搬到北京。6)现在进行时可以表示重复性动作。副词always, constantly, forever, repeatedly, all the time等可以与进行时连用，表示不断重复的动作。此外，还具有“赞叹、赞许、表扬、抱怨、 厌恶等感彩。
She is constantly changing her mind.
她经常改变主意。5．过去进行时
1)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一阶段正在发生的动作。
When I arrived, Tom was talking on the phone.
我到达时，汤姆正在打电话。
2)表示过去计划、安排好的将要发生的动作。
He was busy packing，for he was leaving that night.
他那时正忙着打点行李，因为那天晚上他就要走了。
3)表示逐渐的发展， 通常不与时间状语连用。
It was getting darker.
天越来越黑了。4)表示重复性的动作。
When he worked here, Roger was always making mistakes.
罗杰在这儿工作时老出差错。
5)在描述性的段落中常使用过去进行时态，描述故事发生的背景。
The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
风在刮，大雨倾盆而下。6．将来进行时
1)将来进行时通常和某一时刻连用，表示一个动作在该时刻之前开始并且很可能在该时刻之后仍然继续。
Now they are sitting in their classroom. They are listening to a tape. This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema.They will be watching a film.
现在他们正坐在教室里。他们在听录音。明天这个时候他们将会坐在电影院里看电影。
2)将来进行时用来表示不含意图又未发生的动作。
I will be seeing Tom tomorrow.
明天我要和汤姆见面。7．现在完成时
1)表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作。
I have(only)just seen John.
我刚才见到约翰了。
2)表示在更早一点的过去发生的动作，它和现在的时间的联系仍然保持着，即该动作有可能现在仍在重复。
John Smith has written a number of short stories.
约翰·史密斯已经写了许多短篇小说。(意指他仍活着并可能写更多的小说。)3)表示反复性和习惯性的动作，常常和表示频率的副词连用。
I've watched him on TV several times.
我在电视里看到他好几次了。
4)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以替代将来完成时。
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
我一写完这封信就寄出去。8．过去完成时
1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况。
I had just poured myself a glass of beer when the phone rang.When I came back form answering it the glass was empty. Somebody had drunk the beer or thrown it away.
我刚刚给自己倒了一杯啤酒，电话铃就响了。我接电话回来时，啤酒杯空了。一定有人喝掉了啤酒或者把它泼掉了。2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希 望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。注意：表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式还可以采用：
①was/were＋to have done sth
We were to have been married in May.
我们本定于五月结婚。②intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)＋to have done sth.
They had meant to see us off at the station, but they couldn't get there in time.
他们原打算来车站为我们送行，但是他们没有及时到达。
3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：
①hardly, scarcely, barely＋过去完成时＋when＋过去时。
Hardly had we begun our walk when it began to rain.
我们刚一举步就下起雨来了。
②no sooner＋过去完成时＋than＋过去时。
No sooner had he arrived than it began to snow.
他一到，天就下起雪来了。9．将来完成时
1)将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作。
By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years.
到下月底，他在这儿就够十年了。
2)表示一种猜测。
We'd better wait till 14 December. David will have had his exam by then, so he'll be able to enjoy himself.
我们最好还是等到12月14日。到那时大卫就考完试了，这样他就能够玩得痛快。10．完成进行时
1)现在完成进行时表示一个过去开始、现仍在继续中的动作或一个过去开始、现在刚刚结束的动作。
I've been waiting for an hour and he still hasn't turned up.
我等了一小时了，可他还没来。
2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.
倾盆大雨连续下了一个多星期，许多地方发生了山体滑坡。3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。
By the end of this year he'll have been acting for thirty years.
到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。语法专练
1．(2010全国1－21)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No, I ________my homework all day yesterday.
A．was doing B．would do
C．has done D．do
答案：A 本题题意：“《简·爱》你读完了吗？”“没有，昨天一整天我都在做作业。”过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。根据时间状语all day yesterday可以排除选项C以及选项D。B为过去将来时不符合题意。2．(2010全国1－28)When you are home, give a call to let me know you ________safely.
A．are arriving B．have arrived
C．had arrived D．will arrive
答案：B 本题题意：当你到家的时候，打电话告知我你已经安全回家了。本题考查了主从复合句的时态呼应。从句为连词when引导的时间状语从句，主句为祈使句，均采用一般现在时表“将来”。此外，根据语境可知，“安全到达”发生在“打电话告知我”之前，因此动作arrive应使用现在完成时表示“将来完成”。3．(2010全国1－ 32)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________.
A．is made B．would make
C．was to be made D．had made
答案：C 本题题意：澳大利亚发现了金矿使得成百上千的人相信在那儿可以发大财。本题考查时态和语态的用法。make a fortune表示“发财”，动作make和名词fortune之间存在被动关系，排除选项B，D；此外，谓语动词lead采用了过去式形式，暗示语境发生在过去，因此选C。注意，be to do表示“将会；将要”，为将来时的表现形式之一。4．(2010全国2－15)Linda, make sure the table________before the guests arrive.
A．be set B．set
C．are set D．are setting
答案：C 本题题意：琳达， 在客人们到来之前务必把餐具摆放好。本题考查时态和语态的用法。在make sure, make certain, take care, be careful，mind，watch等引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词采用一般现在时表示将来意义。此外，set the table表示“摆饭桌，摆餐具”，因而宾语从句采用被动语态。5．(2010全国2－19) Excuse me. I________I was blocking your way.
A．didn't realize B．don't realize
C．haven't realized D．wasn't realizing答案：A 本题题意：对不起，我没有意识到挡了你的路。在英语中，有些句子虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，此时采用一般过去时。例如：① I didn't know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用一般过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.)②I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。(这句话暗指在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病。)
6．(2010安徽－26) Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he________.
A．was busy B．is busy
C．had been busy. D．will be busy
答案：A 本题题意：鲍勃昨天本来会帮助我们的，但是他太忙了。本题考查虚拟语气以及时态的用法。第一句话表示与过去情况相反的假设，而but之后的并列句表示过去的客观事实，谓语部分采用一般过去时。7．(2010安徽－28)—Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
—No, I ________the book, so I already knew the story.
A．was reading B．had read
C．am reading D．have read
答案：B 本题题意：“你对电影的结局感到意外吗？”“不意外。我读过这本书，故事情节早已知道了。”“看书”发生在“知道故事情节”之前，采用过去完成时。8．(2010安徽－34)—We 've spent too much money recently.
—Well, it isn't surprising. Our friend and relatives________around all the time.
A．are coming B．had come
C．were coming D．have been coming
答案：D 本题题意：“近来我们花钱太多。”“并不意外。亲朋好友一直人来人往。”现在完成进行时可以表示一个过去开始，现仍在持续中的动作。9．(2010北京－22) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words________.
A．are dropped B．drop
C．are being dropped D．have dropped
答案：A 本题题意：在美国部分地区的英语口语中，单词末尾的“r”音脱落了(读没了)。本题考查时态以及被动语态的用法。客观陈述一种现象采用一般现在时，此外，主语“r”与动作sound之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系。10．(2010北京－24) —I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
—But our friends________for us.
A．will wait B．wait
C．have waited D．are waiting
答案：D 本题题意：“我还没吃晚饭呢。”“但是我们的朋友都在等着我们呢。” 现在进行时可以表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。11．(2010北京－26)—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry, I________myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A．hadn't made B．wouldn't make
C．don't make D．haven't made答案：D 本题题意：“对不起，我不太明白你的话。你是说你想在9月20日回来吗？”“对不起，我没有把话说清楚。我们想在10月20日回来。”“话”没有说清楚，发生说话人在“道歉”之前，因此只能采用I didn't make myself clear. 或I haven't make myself clear.形式。
12．(2010北京－28) It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they________for me.
A．had done B．did
C．would do D．were doing
答案：A 本题题意：我花了相当长的时间才完全理解他们为我所做的事情。在主从复合句中，当主句采用一般过去时，且从句的谓语动作先于主句的谓语动作发生时，宾语从句采用过去完成时。例如：They reported what they had seen. 他们把看到的情况作了汇报。13．(2010福建－31)—Guess what, we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! You________a different culture then.
A．will be experiencing
B．have experienced
C．have been experiencing
D．will have experienced答案：A 本题题意：“猜猜看这是什么，我们拿到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证。”“太好了！届时你会体验到一种不同的文化”。将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。时间状语this summer以及then起到了暗示作用。14．(2010湖南－24) This coastal area________a national wildlife reserve last year.
A．was named B．named
C．is named D．Names
答案：A 本题题意：这个沿海地区去年被列为了国家野生动植物保护区。本题考查时态和语态的用法。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，在本考题中时间状语last year起到了暗示作用。此外，谓语动作name与主语This coastal area之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系，采用被动语态。 15．(2010湖南－27) I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone________it. Was it you?
A．has done B．had done
C．would do D．will do
答案：B 本题题意：我本想修剪我的蔷薇花丛，但是有人已经修剪过了。是你吗？动作do发生在was just going to cut之前，在时间上构成了“过去的过去”，采用过去完成时。16．(2010湖南－ 31) I walked slowly through the market, where people________all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A．sell B．were selling
C．had sold D．have sold
答案：B 本题题意：我在市场中缓慢地穿行，人们正在那儿出售着各种各样的水果和蔬菜。我仔细地研究了一下价格，然后购买了我所需要的物品。过去进行时可以表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。17．(2010湖南－34) I'm tired out. I________all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
A．shopped
B．have shopped
C．had shopped
D．have been shopping
答案：D 本题题意：我累坏了。整个下午我一直在购物，似乎什么事都没做。现在完成进行时可以表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动。18．(2010江苏－23)—Why, Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I ________the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A．was painting B．will be painting
C．have painted D．have been painting答案：D 本题题意：“嗨，杰克，你看起来累坏了！”“唉，我一直在粉刷房子，明天必须完成”。现在完成进行时可以表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。19．(2010江苏－30)—Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—We________busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A．were B．have been
C．had been D．will be
答案：C 本题题意：“彼得，暑假你们去了哪儿？ ”“我们忙于工作数月之久，因此去海滩边放松了一下。”“忙于工作”发生在“去海边”之前，采用过去完成时。20．(2010江西－30)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she________since her marriage to Father.
A．shoulders B．shouldered
C．is shouldering D．has been shouldering
答案：D 本题题意：母亲希望能使全家丰衣足食，这是她嫁给父亲以来所肩负的重任。现在完成进行时可以表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去，强调动作的持续进行。注意，a good/poor provider表示“尽责的扶养者，使家人丰衣足食的人/不尽责的扶养者，让家人吃不饱穿不暖的人”。21．(2010辽宁－24) Joseph ________to evening classes since last month, but he still can't say “What's your name？” in Russian.
A．has been going B．went
C．goes D．has gone
答案：A 本题题意：自从上个月以来，约瑟夫一直在上夜校，可是他仍然不能用俄语说“你叫什么名字？”这句话。现在完成进行时可以表示一个过去开始，现仍在持续中的动作。22．(2010辽宁－30) I________all the cooking for my family, but recently I've been too busy to do it.
A．will do B．do
C．am doing D．had done
答案：B 本题题意：我为全家人做饭，但是最近我太忙没时间做了。表示现阶段的一种状况，采用一般现在时。23．(2010山东－30) Up to now, the program________thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A．would save B．saves
C．had saved D．has saved
答案：D 本题题意：迄今，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万个濒临死亡的孩子的生命。时间状语up to now表示“到目前为止；迄今”，是现在完成时态的标志。24．(2010陕西－15) If we ________the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A．take B．had taken
C．took D．have taken
答案：B 本题题意：如果我们走另外一条路，我们就可能及时赶上开会了。本题考查虚拟语气的用法。表达与过去事实相反的假设，if从句采用过去完成时。25．(2010陕西－21) I have to see the doctor because I________a lot lately.
A．have been coughing
B．had coughed
C．coughed
D．cough
答案：A 本题题意：我得去看医生，因为我一直咳嗽得很厉害。表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调其持续性，采用现在完成进行时。26．(2010陕西－24)It is reported that many a new house________at present in the disaster area.
A．are being built B．were being built
C．was being built D．is being built
答案：D 本题题意：据报道，灾区正在兴建许多新房子。本题考查动词时态，语态及主谓一致的用法。由时间状语at present可知谓语动词采用现在进行时。“many a＋名词单数”在句中担任主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。27．(2010四川－16)—When shall we restart our business?
—Not until we________our plan.
A．will finish B．are finishing
C．are to finish D．have finished
答案：D 本题题意：“我们的生意何时重新开张？”“直到我们完成了计划，我们再重新开张。”在时间状语从句中，经常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。28．(2010四川－18) You've failed to do what you________to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you.
A．will expect B．will be expected
C．expected D．were expected
答案：D 本题题意：你把老师期望你所做的事办砸了，恐怕老师会责备你。句中you与动作expect之间存在逻辑上的“动宾关系”，排除选项A, C。此外，谓语动作have failed暗示这件事情发生在过去，故采用过去时态。29．(2010天津－4) We________on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest.
A．are working B．have been working
C．worked D．had worked
答案：B 本题题意：这项工作我们一直进行了四个小时。咱们休息一会儿。根据时间状语for four hours以及下文Let's have a rest可知，动作从过去发生，到说话时一直在进行，所以采用现在完成进行时。30．(2010天津－10) Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting________at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A．are exhibiting B．is exhibiting
C．are being exhibited D．is being exhibited
答案：C 本题题意：诸如剪纸一类的天津传统民间艺术正在2010年上海世界博览会的文化展览中展出。因为2010年上海世博会现在还在进行着，所以像剪纸一样的天津传统民间艺术品也是“正在被展览”，所以用现在进行时态的的被动语态形式。31．(2010重庆－24) The book has been translated into thirty languages since it________on the market in 1973.
A．had come B．has come
C．came D．comes
答案：C 本题题意：这本书自从1973年出版以来已被翻译成30种语言。since引导时间状语从句时，主句通常采用现在完成时态﹑过去完成时态或一般现在时态，而从句则采用一般过去时。32．(2010重庆－29) The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ______now.
A．remains B．is remained
C．is remaining D．has been remained
答案：A 本题题意：故宫在上个世纪发生过三次火灾，原有的建筑目前几乎是荡然无存。对现在情况的客观陈述，采用一般现在时。此外，remain表示“剩下，余留”，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态。33．(2010重庆－31)—Why do you want to work for our company?
—This is the job that I________for.
A．looked B．am to look
C．had looked D．have been looking
答案：D 本题题意：“为什么你想到我公司工作？”“这就是我一直在寻找的工作。”现在完成进行时表示一个过去开始，现仍在继续中的动作或一个过去开始，现在刚刚结束的动作。34．(2010浙江－5)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you________fresh watermelon in the fall.
A．eat B．would eat
C．have eaten D．will be eating
答案：D 本题题意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，在秋天你会吃到新鲜的西瓜。if 从句采用一般现在时表将来，主句采用将来时态。35．(2010浙江－15) For many years, people________electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.
A．had dreamed of
B．have dreamed of
C．dreamed of
D．dream of
答案：B 本题题意：多年来，人们一直梦想制造电动汽车。然而，制造电动汽车比预想的要困难得多。根据时间状语for many years可知，谓语部分采用现在完成时。 36．(2010上海秋－28) Every few years, the coal workers________their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A．are having B．have
C．have had D．had had
答案：B 本题题意：为了保障生命安全，煤炭工人每隔几年都对肺部进行了X射线检查。根据时间状语every few years可知句子采用一般现在时。37．(2010上海秋－31) The church tower which________will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A．has restored B．has been restored
C．is restoring D．is being restored
答案：D 本题题意：教堂钟楼正在修复，很快就会向游人开放。工程马上就要竣工了。本题考查时态和语态的用法。现在进行时可以表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。此外，名词the church tower与动词restore之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此定语从句采用现在进行时的被动语态。38．During the period of recent terrorist activities, people ________ not to touch any unattended bag.
A．had always been warned
B．were always being warned
C．are always warning
D．always warned答案：B 本题题意：在最近的恐怖主义活动期间，人们总是得到告诫不要触摸任何无人认领的袋子。副词always, constantly, forever, repeatedly, all the time等可以和进行时连用，表示不断重复的动作。根据时间状语during the period of recent terrorist activities可以确定采用过去进行时。
39．Scientists have many theories about how the universe ________into being.
A．came
B．was coming
C．had come
D．would come
答案：A 本题题意：关于宇宙是如何形成的，科学家们有多种理论。一般过去时可以表示过去完成的事情或状态。40．My parents ________ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
A．live B．lived
C．were living D．will live
答案：A 本题题意：我的父母在香港居住。他们在那里出生并且从来没有在别的地方居住过。一般现在时可用以陈述现在时段发生或存在的事件、动作或状况。这些事件、动作或情境说不定会无限期地持续下去。课件68张PPT。Ⅰ.词汇：
根据提示写出相应单词。
1．________(n.)意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→________(adj.)重大的；重要的
2．________(adv.)以……方式；不知怎么地
3．________(vt.) 吐出(唾液、食物等)；(vi.)吐痰
4．________(vt.)删；删除
5．________(n.)(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠；(vt.)搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏6．________(n.)幼儿园
7．________(adj.)放射性的；有辐射能的
8．________(n.)分割；划分；分配；分界线→________(vt.)分开； 分成；分配
9．________(vi. & vt.)鼓掌欢迎
10．________(vi. & vt.) 加速；促进
11．________(vt.)逮捕；吸引；(n.) 逮捕；拘留
12．________(adj.)有技巧的；熟练的→________(n.)技能；熟练→________(adv.)答案：1.significance; significant 2.somehow 3.spit 4.delete 5.scratch 6.kindergarten 7.radioactive 8.division; divide 9.applaud 10.accelerate 11.arrest 12.skilful/skillful；skill；skilfully/skillfully
Ⅱ.短语：
1．due________ 由于；因为
2．on________of 代表
3．refer________查阅；参考；谈到
4．take________to do sth. 轮流做某事
5．fed up________ 受够了；饱受；厌烦
6．be worried________担心；烦恼
7．________only 但愿；要是……就好了
8．look________ 向前看；为将来打算
9．now________then 时而；不时地
10．date________ 追溯到……答案：1.to 2.behalf 3.to 4.turns 5.with 6.about 7.if 8.ahead 9.and 10.back/from
1．applaud (v.)
1)鼓掌
①Everyone applauded when the play ended.
演出结束时，大家都热烈鼓掌。
②The crowd applauded (him/the performance) for five minutes.
群众(为他/演出)鼓掌五分钟。
2)～sb./sth.(for sth.)称赞；赞许；赞赏
①We applauded him for his bravery.
我们称赞他的勇敢。
②We all applaud you for your decision.
我们一致赞成你的决定。【知识拓展】
1)cheer 欢呼；喝彩
The crowd cheered as the teams entered the field.
球队入场时观众们为之欢呼。
2)clap 鼓掌、拍手(表示赞许或欣赏)
The audience clapped(her/her speech)enthusiastically.
听众热情地(为她/为她的讲话)鼓起掌来。【知识运用】
(1)Having visited two schools in China recently, I can't help but________the ideal of education upheld by the headmasters.
A．applaud B．to applaud
C．cheer D．to cheer答案：A 本题题意：最近在中国参观了两所学校，校长办校的理念让人暗自喝彩。applaud表示“称赞；赞许；赞赏”；此外，sb can not help but do sth.|sb. can not help(doing)sth.表示“某人忍不住(或无法抑制)做某事”。(2)She________her hands in delight.
A．applauded B．clapped
C．cheered D．hit
答案：B 本题题意：她高兴地拍起手来。clap one's hands表示“拍手；击掌”。2．accelerate (v.)
1)(使)加速，加快
①The bad weather accelerated our departure.
糟糕的天气促使我们早日离开。
②Exposure to the sun can accelerate the aging process.
暴露在日光下会加速老化过程。2)(交通工具或人)加速；加快
①The car accelerated as it overtook me.
那辆汽车一加速就超越了我。
②The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate.
领先者在其余赛跑者加速时就逐渐失去了优势。
【知识拓展】
acceleration [U & sing.]～(in sth.)加速；加快
①You know, Gail is very good at acceleration after 20 meters.
你知道吧，盖尔非常擅长20米后加速跑。
②The acceleration is positive if the speed is increased, negative if speed is decreased.
速度增加的加速度为正加速度，速度减少的加速度为负加速度。【词语辨析】
accelerate, quicken, hurry, rush, speed
这些动词均含“加快，使加快”之意。
1)accelerate着重指频率或速率运转加快。
The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car.
司机加大了油门，让汽车加速行驶。
2)quicken普通用词，指增加速度、速率。
We quickened our steps.
我们加快了脚步。3)hurry指赶紧或匆忙地做某事或催促别人做某事，隐含草率或混乱的意味。
A good meal should never be hurried.
美食不应狼吞虎咽。
4)rush含义与hurry相近，但显得更仓促更慌乱。
Ambulances rushed the injured to hospital.
救护车把受伤的人火速送到了医院。
5)speed侧重实际的快速行动。
He sped down the street.
他沿那条街快步走去。【知识运用】
(1)His interest was________by an article he had read.
A．accelerated B．quickened
C．hurried D．sped
答案：B 本题题意：他读了一篇文章便兴趣大增了。quicken表示“(使某事物)变得更活跃， 更加活泼”。(2)This work needs care; it mustn't be________.
A．accelerated B．quickened
C．hurried D．sped
答案：C 本题题意：这活儿需要细心， 催不得。hurry sth.(along/up)表示“使某事加快；催促某事物”。(3)Water went________through the lock gates.
A．accelerating B．quickening
C．rushing D．adapting
答案：C 本题题意：水流经水闸时十分湍急。 rush表示“(使某人或某物)急速去或来”。(4)This medicine will help________her recovery.
A．rush B．quicken
C．hurry D．speed
答案：D 本题题意：这药能加快她康复。speed表示“使(某事物)快速移动或行进”。
(5)He________her car and passed the bus in front.
A．accelerated B．explored
C．rushed D．hurried
答案：A 本题题意：他加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。accelerate 表示“(使)加速，加快”。3．arrest
a) v.
1)吸引(注意)
The bright colors of the flowers arrested Susan's attention/eye.
花的艳丽色彩引起苏珊的注意。
2)～sb.(for sth.)逮捕；拘留
The policeman arrested the thief.
警察逮捕了那个小偷。3)阻止；中止
Nothing can arrest his studying English.
什么也不能阻止他学习英语。
b) n.
1)[C & U]逮捕；拘留
The police made an arrest last night.
昨晚警察逮捕了一个人。
2)停止；中止
The patient died after suffering a cardiac arrest.
病人患心搏停止而死亡(心脏停止跳动)。【知识拓展】
1)be/place sb/put sb under被逮捕；被拘留；成为囚犯
I am placing you under arrest for attempted burglary.
我按企图盗窃罪逮捕你。
2)arrest sb. for...因……而逮捕某人
You could get arrested for doing that.
你干那种事可能要遭逮捕。【词语辨析】
arrest, capture, catch, seize, trap
这些动词均有“抓住，捕捉”之意。
1)arrest指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留。
After the match three youths were arrested.
比赛过后有三个青年被捕。2)capture指通过武力或计谋等，战胜抵抗而捉住敌人或动物。
The police have not captured the murderer yet.
警方还没有捕获那个凶手。
3)catch普通用词，指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物，一般指活捉。
The policeman caught the thief.
警察逮住了小偷。
4)seize侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速抓住或捉住。
He seized her hand and shook it heartily.
他拉住她的手高兴地握着。5)trap多指诱捕。
I was trapped into telling the police all I knew.
我中计了， 把所知道的一切全都告诉了警方。
【知识运用】
(1)I________a boy stealing apples from the garden.
A．arrested B．captured
C．caught D．trapped
答案：C 本题题意：我撞见一个男孩儿正偷园里的苹果。catch sb doing sth表示“发现或发觉某人正做某事”。(2)The title of the essay________my attention.
A．arrested B．seized
C．struck D．trapped
答案：A 本题题意：那篇文章的题目吸引了我的注意力。arrest表示“吸引(注意)”。(3)The animals are____in nets and sold to local zoos.
A．arrested B．captured
C．caught D．trapped
答案：B 本题题意：那些动物用网捕获后被卖到当地的动物园。capture表示“俘虏；俘获；捕获”。
(4)He________the bag and ran off with it.
A．arrested B．seized
C．caught D．trapped
答案：B 本题题意：他把那个包抢跑了。seize表示“抓住， 捉住(某物); 攫取”。(5)The lift broke down and we were________inside.
A．arrested B．seized
C．caught D．trapped
答案：D 本题题意：电梯出故障了， 我们被困在里面出不来。trap表示“使(某人)陷入困境”。4．relief (n.)
1)[U& sing.](不快过后的)宽慰，轻松；解脱
①It's a great relief to find you here.
见到你在这儿也就放心了。
②“What a relief！” she said, as she took her tight shoes off.
她把夹脚的鞋脱下时说： “可松快了！”2)[U]～(from/of sth.)(焦虑、痛苦等)减轻，消除，缓和
①The drug gives some relief from pain.
这种药可以减轻一些痛苦。
②The doctors were working for the relief of her suffering.
医生正在为解除他的病痛而工作。
【知识拓展】
to one's relief令某人庆幸的是
①To my great relief/Much to my relief, I wasn't late.
我最庆幸的是没有迟到。
②To our great relief, our jet plane came to land in safety though one of its engines had broken down.
使我们大大松了一口气的是，尽管我们乘坐的喷气式飞机的一个引擎出了故障，但它还是安全着陆了。【知识运用】
(1)(2010山东－33) Those who suffer from headache will find they get________from this medicine.
A．relief B．safety
C．defense D．shelter
答案：A 本题题意：那些遭受头痛折磨的人将会发现这种药物能使头痛症状得到缓解。relief表示“(焦虑，痛苦等的)减轻，消除，缓和”。(2)Hearing the news, he breathed a sigh of________.
A．relief B．brief
C．belief D．delivery
答案：A 本题题意：一听到这个消息，他如释重负地松了口气。relief表示“(不快过后的)宽慰，轻松；解脱”。(3)He arose and made a________speech.
A．relief B．brief
C．belief D．delivery
答案：B 本题题意：他站起身来作了一个简短的演讲。brief表示“时间短暂的； 简短的”。1．look ahead
1)～(to sth.)展望未来；为将来着想
①Have you looked ahead to what you'll be doing in five years' time?
你是否想过五年后你要做些什么？
②We must look ahead before we make a decision.
我们作出决定之前必须想得远一点。2)向前看
①Look ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the village.
你往远处看，便可以看见村庄里的灯光。
②Look ahead. What can you see on the top of the hill?
向前看。你看见山顶上有什么东西吗？【知识拓展】
1)look after
(1)(＝to take care of)照顾
Who's going to look after the children while you're away?
你不在时谁来照料小孩？
(2)(＝to be responsible for)对……负责
I'm looking after his affairs while he's in hospital.
他住院时由我处理他的事物。2)look at
(1)看；瞧
She looked at me and smiled.
她看了看我，笑了。
(2)(仔细)查看，检查
I haven't had time to look at/read the papers yet.
我还没来得及看这些论文。
(3)(用某种方式)看待；考虑
Looked at from that point of view, his decision is easier to understand.
从那个角度来看，更容易理解他的决定。3)look for
(1)寻找；搜索
Where have you been? We've been looking for you?
你上哪儿去了？ 我们一直在找你。
(2)期望；期待；盼望
Look for a change of weather in March.
希望三月天气会变。
4)look on/upon...as...把……看作；把……视为
She's looked on as the leading authority on the subject.
她被视为这门学科的主要权威。5)look out(表示警告，尤指有危险) 小心；当心；留神
If you don't look out, you may fall on the ice.
如果不小心的话，你会在冰上摔倒的。
6)look out for
(1)当心；提防；留心防备
You should look out for pickpockets.
你应当提防扒手。
(2)留心寻觅
I'll look out for you at the conference.
我会在开会时来找你。7)look forward to(高兴地)盼望；期待
I'm looking forward to the weekend.
我盼望着周末呢。
8)be just looking (在商店里表示不想购买某物)只是看一看
—Can I help you?
—I'm just looking, thank you.
“请问你要买什么？”“谢谢，我只是看看”。【知识运用】
(1)(2004湖南-22)—________for the glass!
—It's OK. I'm wearing shoes.
A．Look out B．Walk out
C．Go out D．Set out
答案：A 本题题意：“小心玻璃！”“没关系，我穿着鞋子”。look out(表示警告，尤指有危险)“当心，小心”；例如：Look out！There's a car coming！当心！有车来了！(2)________this book and tell me what you think of it.
A．Look through
B．Look on
C．Look into
D．Look up
答案：A 本题题意：看看这本书，告诉我你的看法。look through sth表示“快速察看；浏览”。(3)I look________and before me rise the fantastic towers of New York, a city that seems to have stepped from the pages of a fairy story.
A．up
B．through
C．round
D．ahead
答案：D 本题题意：我展望前头，纽约的高楼大厦在我前面升起，似乎是从童话故事的篇章中出现的一座城市。look ahead 表示“向前看”。2．date back(to...)|date from...追溯到；始于；自……至今
①It's a tradition that dates back at least a thousand years.
这一传统至少可以追溯到一千年前。
②Her problems date back to her childhood.
她的这些问题小时候就有了。
③The town dates back to Roman times.
这座城镇建于古罗马时代。
④The strike was the latest stage in a dispute which dated from 1990.
这次罢工是自1990年以来纠纷的最新阶段。【知识运用】
(1)(2010沈阳市高三二模)He visited the Effel Tower, which________to 1889, during his stay in France last summer.
A．dated back
B．dates back
C．has dated back
D．has been dated back 答案：B 本题题意：去年夏天在法国逗留期间，他参观了埃菲尔铁塔。这座塔的历史可以追溯到1889年。date back to表示“追溯到；始于；自……至今”，通常用于一般时态，排除选项C，D。此外，陈述一个现在存在的客观事实，采用一般现在时。
(2)Our present ideas about the motion of Bodies________Galileo and Newton.
A．are dated back to
B．date back to
C．bring back to
D．are brought back to答案：B 本题题意：我们目前关于物体运动的观念来自于伽利略和牛顿。date back(to...)|date from表示“追溯到；始于；自……至今”，为不及物性短语动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
(3)It is a beautiful vase________about 1715.
A．to date from B．dated from
C．dating from D．dates from
答案：C 本题题意：这个漂亮的花瓶大约在1715 年就有了。本题考查现在分词短语“dating from about 1715”在句中担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that dates from about 1715. If only it could be just like last year!
要是能像去年那样就好了！
【知识剖析】
if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等。其用法归纳如下：1)用以表示对现时或未来的愿望：
①If only I were rich.
但愿我很富。
②If only I could swim.
要是我会游泳该多好。
③If only I knew her name.
我要是知道她的名字就好了。
④If only they would tell me what they've decided.
但愿他们能把决定告诉我。2)用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望：
①If only he'd remembered to buy some fruit.
他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好。
②If only I had gone by taxi.
假若我是乘计程车去的就好了。
③If only she could have lived a little longer.
要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！【知识拓展】
only if的用法：
only if 引导条件状语从句，表示“只有……(才) ；只有在……的时候；唯一的条件是……”，与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用。例如：
①Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night.
只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。
②I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard.
我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。③Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
我只有找到了工作才能有足够的钱上学。
④Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.
只要红灯一亮， 就表示有危及职工的险情。【知识运用】
(1)(2008江苏-32) ________you eat the correct foods ________be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A．Only if...will you B．Only if...you will
C．Unless...will you D．Unless...you will
答案：A 本题题意：只要你饮食恰当，你就能持久地保持身体健康。only if表示“只要； 只有”，用于句首， 后接从句，主句部分采用部分倒装结构。(2)(2000上海-36) If only he________quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A．lies B．lay
C．had lain D．should lie
答案：C 本题题意：假如他听从医生的叮嘱，躺着静养就好了，他现在就不会吃那么多苦头了。用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望，if only所引导的句子采用过去完成时。(3)(2003上海春-40) Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ your advice.
A．followed B．would follow
C．had followed D．should follow
答案：C 本题题意：看我有多倒霉！要是我听从你的建议该有多好。用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望，if only所引导的句子采用过去完成时。(4)________a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.
A．Even if B．If only
C．Only if D．Once
答案：C 本题题意：只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。only if 表示“只有”，引导条件状语从句，主句的谓语部分采用了部分倒装语序。(5)If only they ________me what they've decided.
A．told B．will tell
C．would tell D．tell
答案：C 本题题意：但愿他们能把决定告诉我。if only表示“只要；要是……就好了，但愿”，用以表示对现在或未来的愿望，谓语部分采用“would/should/might/could＋不带to的不定式”。如果用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词部分则采用过去完成时。例如：If only he'd remembered to buy some fruit. 他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好。
