(共29张PPT)
八年级英语下（JJ）
教学课件
Unit 8 Save Our World
Unit Review
Grammar
it 作实词的用法
可以指除人以外的一切事物, 相当于汉语中的“它”, 有时也指前面提到的整件事情。
辨析: that, one 与it
that 特指, 指代前面提到过的事物, 既可指代可数名词, 也可指代不可数名词。 The population of China is larger than that of India.
中国的人口比印度的(人口) 多。
one 泛指, 代替可数名词。 I don’t like this pen. Please show me another one. 我不喜欢这支钢笔。请给我拿另一支。
it 特指, 指上文提到过的那件事物。 I have an interesting book. Would you like to read it
我有一本有趣的书。你想读吗
在某些情况下, 也可指人, 常指性别不详的人, 特指婴幼儿。
e.g. —Who is it 这是谁
—It’s me. 是我。
The baby smiled when it saw its mother.
这个婴儿看到它妈妈时笑了。
e.g. —What’s this/ that 这/ 那是什么
—It’s a computer. 这/ 那是台电脑。
在回答“What’s this/that ” 时, 用it代替this 或that。
e.g. It’s tea time. Mrs. Turner goes into the kitchen.
到了喝茶的时间了, 特纳夫人走进了厨房。
It is winter now. It is ten degrees below zero.
现在是冬天。气温是零下10 度。
It is only half an hour’s walk to the tall tower.
走路只要半小时的路程就可以到达高塔了。
It will be rainy tomorrow. 明天将会下雨。
常指时间、天气、距离等, 常不翻译出来。
it 作形式主语的用法
英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句等复杂成分作主语时, 往往显得很长, 使整个句子看上去头重脚轻, 这时就借助“it”来作形式上的主语, 而把真正的主语移到句子后边去, 使全句看上去平衡一些。“it”没有实际的意义。
it 用作形式主语的重要句型
① It ＋ be ＋ adj. ＋ for/of sb. to do sth.
做某事对于某人来说是……
e.g. It is hard for him to make up his mind.
对他来说下决心很难。
It was foolish of her to say that.
她说那样的话, 太愚蠢了。
此句型中的介词of 和for 的区别是: 用of 时, 形容词指某人的性格、特点等。如: nice, kind, silly, wise, clever, careless, rude, polite, brave 等。用for 时, 形容词指事物的性质、特征等。如: difficult, easy, impossible, important, dangerous 等。
② It ＋ be ＋ n. ＋ to do sth. 做某事是……
e.g. It is our duty to protect the environment.
保护环境是我们的责任。
③ It takes/took sb. ＋时间＋ to do sth.
某人做某事花了多少时间
e.g. It took me two hours to do my homework.
做家庭作业花了我两个小时。
it 作形式宾语的用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分作宾语且后面跟有宾语补足语时, 通常会在宾语补足语前使用it作形式宾语, 而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词＋ it ＋宾语补足语＋不定式(动名词或从句) ”, 常用于这种结构的词有: think, find, make, consider, feel, believe 等。
e.g. I find it difficult to do the job well.
我发现做好这项工作很难。
Building Your Vocabulary
I. Fill in the blanks with the words from this unit. The first letter is given.
1. A: What does r mean B: It means “garbage”.
2. Please talk slowly. I cannot f you.
3. Smoke and gas p the air.
4. We should value time, not w it.
5. Many students in environment clubs try to make less p .
ubbish
ollow
ollute
aste
ollution
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.
throw away turn. . . off pick up
neither. . . nor. . . more than
1. We should ________ the garbage in the schoolyard and put it into the garbage bin.
2. The garbage bag is full. How much did you _____________ after lunch
3. ______________ 70 percent of the earth is covered by water.
pick up
throw away
More than
4. Don't leave the lights on. Please ________ them ________.
5. ________ Hebei Province ________ Jilin Province is in the south of China.
turn off
Neither nor
Grammar in Use
Rewrite the sentences using “it”.
Example:
We went to Beijing. We left at 8 o'clock and arrived at 12 o'clock.
→It took us four hours to travel to Beijing.
1. We should finish the project in an hour. It is hard.
It is hard for us to finish the project in an hour.
2. We will go to the schoolyard to play. It will be fun.
3. People often waste paper. It is not right.
4. We should protect the environment. It is our duty.
It will be fun for us to go to the schoolyard to play.
It is not right for people to waste paper often.
It is our duty to protect the environment.
Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ. Listen to the passage and tick the correct answers.
1. Where were Li Ming, Wang Mei and Li Lin
□They were by the river. □They were at the school.
2. Who collected the most garbage
□Li Ming. □Wang Mei.
3. What did they find in the garbage
□A toy bike. □A toy truck.
√
√
√
listening material
Li Ming, Wang Mei and Li Lin took a walk along the river. They saw a lot of garbage. They got three plastic bags and began to pick up the rubbish. In the end, Li Ming collected the most and Wang Mei the least. But Wang Mei was very happy because she found a toy truck. It was only a little bit broken. They fixed it so it could run again. “It’s not right to waste things. A lot of them can be reused, ” Li Ming said.
Ⅱ. Complete the following dialogue.
Jenny is sorting the garbage. She needs some help.
Jenny: Hi Danny! Come here.
Danny: I'm coming. What's the matter
Jenny: __________________________
Danny: Of course. __________________
Jenny: I want you to help me sort the garbage.
Danny: No problem.
Can you help me
What's wrong
Jenny: I'll put these plastic bottles in this bag. And you put the waste paper in that bag.
Danny: OK.
Jenny: That's done. __________________________________________
Danny: With pleasure.
Could you please help me take the garbage out
Putting It All Together
Ⅰ. Read the passage and answer the questions.
Driving in Rubbish
Danny has been working all afternoon. First he fixed the broken car he found. Then he washed the glue off his hands, face and legs.
Now he looks at the other garbage for recycling. “There are a lot of interesting things here, ” he says to himself. “I think I'll make something out of this garbage!”
Danny sees a very big cardboard box. “Somebody bought a new television, ” he says, “and they threw out this box. It's so big that I can fit inside it! Maybe I can make something with this. ”
He looks for other things to use. He finds five big, round pieces of plastic. They are the lids from ice cream pails. “I know, ” says Danny. “I will make a car. This cardboard box will be the car's body. These ice cream lids will be the wheels. ”
1. What does Danny use the cardboard for
2. What does Danny use the lids of the ice cream pails for
3. What does Danny use for the headlights of the car
He uses the cardboard for the car's body.
He uses the lids of the ice cream pails for the car's wheels.
He uses old metal cans for the headlights of the car.
Danny glues four wheels onto the cardboard box. “Hmm. . . I have one more lid. I know! It will be the steering wheel. I can hold onto it and drive the car. ”
Danny finds many other things for the car. He uses old metal cans for the headlights of the car. He finds pieces of wood to sit on.
Finally Danny phones Jenny and Brian. “Come over to my house, ” he says. “I'll take you for a ride in my new car!”
Ⅱ. My City's Future!
Does your city have pollution problems If it does, think about ways to reduce pollution. Make a plan about how to save your city. If it doesn't, think about how to make your city more beautiful. Write a letter to the government describing your plan.
Self-Evaluation
Find more examples from this unit. Then mark your stars.
Ⅰ. Talking about Cause, Effect and Purpose
I think it’s our duty to protect the environment.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
I can express cause, effect and purpose in English.
☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆
It's not too hard to protect the environment.
We should respect the earth and all the living things on it.
Ⅱ. Using “it”
He took it home, cleaned it and fixed it.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
I know how to use “it”.
☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆
On Tuesday, it was World Environment Day.
Some hazardous waste is poison—it makes people sick.
Fix and Mnd
My bike wheel just broke.
My old pants have a tear.
My shoes have a hole.
I need something new
for my hair!
Group A
My cassette deck has a buzz.
My backpack doesn't fit!
I must go and get new things.
Or I might have a fit!
Well now, I have news for you.
I know exactly what to do.
Listen carefully,
And you will soon agree.
Group B
You don't just go and buy.
You first need to go and try,
To fix and mend and reuse again.
Or the garbage will touch the sky!
Thank you!
