2022年中考英语语法专项复习讲义定语从句讲解

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名称 2022年中考英语语法专项复习讲义定语从句讲解
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科目 英语
更新时间 2022-03-19 22:46:54

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语法专项 定语从句
定语从句:在复合句中,起到定语作用的句子. 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词,关系副词)引出。 先行词:被修饰限定的词 关系词作用:①连接先行词与定语从句 ②代替先行词在从句中作成分主语,宾语,定语, 状语 等成分。 关系词先行词关系词在从句中所做的成分 关系代词who指人主语,宾语whom指人宾语that指人 或指物主语,宾语,表语whose指人 或指物定语which指物主语,宾语,表语关系副词when表示时间时间状语 where表示地点地点状语why表示原因原因状语
He says he is the man who bought the book yesterday. 先行词 + 关系代词 + 定语从句 This is the school where I studied three years ago. 先行词+ 关系副词 +定语从句 例句: ①先行词指人时,做宾语可用that,who,whom She’s the woman (who/whom/that ) I served yesterday. ②先行词指人时,做主语时,不能用whom Is he the man who/that wants to see you ③These books that /which I bought yesterday are really useful. ④Please pass me the book whose cover is green.(用作定语) ⑤定语从句中谓语动词与先行词保持主谓一致 The dog which is carrying the basket is mine . 选择关系代词还是关系副词,关键要搞清楚,关系词在定语在从句中充当的成分。 Let’s find a place where we can have a picnic . 先行词a place ,但是它在定语从句充当地点状语的成分I like the place which we visited last year. 先行词the place 在定语从句中做visited 的宾语,用关系代词which/that/省略
关系代词的用法①that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后作介词的宾语; ②which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语; ③who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语:whom在从句中作宾语;④whose 在从句中作定语 在有些情况下先行词指物时,只能用 that引导,不能用which 引导 ①当先行词是all,little,much,none, everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等 修饰时 ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序 数词或形容词最高级修饰时 ④当主句是以疑问词which/who开头的特殊疑问 句时 例句:Who is the woman that is standing at the gate.关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语,构成“介 词+关系代词”结构,引导定语从句 例句:I am looking for a box in which I can put all books.that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略 关系副词的用法when 表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语 例句:I remember the time when I first travelled by plane. why 表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常 是表示原因的reason一词 例句:he didn’t tell me the reason why she is so happy . where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语 例句:Let’s find a place where we can have a picnic . 先行词a place ,但是它在定语从句充当地点状语的成分, 用关系副词where,相当于介词+which。