2022年中考英语完形填空专项复习讲义

中考完形填空专项
一、沈阳中考考情概览：
分析近6年沈阳中考真题可知，完形填空命题特点如下:
1.文体:以记叙文(5次)为主，也会涉及说明文(2015)
2.词数及生词量:一般在200～280词之间;生词最多出现5个;
3.话题:主要涉及教育引导(2020，2019，2017，2016)、寓言故事(2018) 和学生学习(2015)。其中有2篇选自牛津教材，分别是:八上Unit2 Reading(2017)、八下Unit8 Reading(2015)。
4.考查点:主要以实词词义析为主。
(1)必考点:动词(3-5)、名词(2-4个)、形容词(1-2)、副词(1-2个)、介词(1-2个)、连词(1-3个)
(2)高频点:代词(0-2个)
(3)偶考点:宾语从句引导词、冠词、数词、情态动词、形容词比较等级、介词短语、动词短语和How词组等。
5.命题角度(微技能):语境推断(必考:每年8～11道)、逻辑推理(必考:每年1～3道)、语法知识(必考:每年1-4道词汇复现(6年5考)和固定搭配(6年3考)及生活常识。
二、完形填空方法解析：
(一) 速浏览抓大意
先快速地浏览全文，以便对文章有全面的了解，抓住文章的大意。切忌为了节省时间一开始就忙于见空就填，否则只会欲速则不达。见空就填势必无法从整体上把握文章的脉络，无法形成连贯的思路，理解就会偏离文章的中心，造成顾此失彼的错误。有时一个选错可能会导致一连串的错误;有时甚至会不知文章所云，选择时就会犹豫不决，耽误时间。
浏览全文的目的是抓住文章的大意，其速度一定要快。如果遇到个别生词或难懂的句子，要么通过上下文猜测其意，要么暂时跳过，不必进行字斟句酌的精读。抓住了文章的大意后，围绕文章大意去阅读、预测、判断，往:往会收到事半功倍的效果。
(二) 扣大意做易题
通过快速浏览抓住文章的大意后，就可以开始逐句阅读短文，逐题分析选项，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则，逐项填空。
做题时要善于发现和利用文中没有留空的句子，从字里行间寻找隐藏信息。做题时根据四个选项的设置特点来进行选择也很有必要:
(1)如所给选项是同一动词的不同形式时，则要考虑设空处要求是什么时态、语态或哪:语种非谓语动词形式;
(2)如所给选项是不同的动词，则要考虑设空处要求用哪一个动词，要从上下文意思来判定;
(3)如所给选项是形容词、副词，则要根据其在句中的作用或上下文的需要确定:
(4)如所给选项是连词，可以从连词的用法、含义以及习惯搭配入手进行选择;
(5)如所给选项是一些代词，则要从上下文的意思以及代词的用法来考虑;
(6)如所给选项是介词或副词，则要根据介词、副词的用法以及习惯搭配来考虑;
(7)如所给选项是一些短语，则要弄清各自的用法，再根据文章内容需要进行选择做题时应遵循先易后难的原则，先把有把握的题选定，对于没有把握的题可暂时跳过，先做后面的题。等填完有把握的空后，再回过头来做前面的“难”题。如此反复，各个击破。
(三) 仔细推敲攻难关
一些难题设空比较巧妙，四个选项从语法角度或习:惯搭配来看都行得通。对于这样的题应从全篇文章内容上考虑，结合文章的整体内容加以分析、仔细推敲，选出在文章特定的情景中所需要的那个选项，由于有把握的空已选定，文章又多了许多有效信息，这时难题也就容易了。
(四) 复读全文纠失误
对填完空的短文应从头至尾再读一遍。根据复读的语感和对整篇短文的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再作调整，力争少出错。
复查时应注意，正确的必须坚持，一时拿不准的也不要轻易改动，要相信自己的第一感觉。除非是明显的错误才可纠正。
注意:(1)重视首、尾句。完形填空所选短文一般无标题，首句通常不设空，它很可能是文章开篇的重要交代，为预测短文体裁及全文大意提供重要信息。尾句往往是段落的灵魂，首句往往是段落的主题句，在主题句中，可能出现文章的背景知识，故事性文章的时间、地点人物、事件等，抓住并理解主题句对统观全文有很大的帮助。
(2)如果句子中有个别生词，要通过上下文或构词法知识来推断出它的词义。有时，这些词对解题根本没有
影响，所以碰到生词不用紧张。
(3)“熟词新义”的情况有时也会碰到，要注意灵活处:理，通过前后的逻辑关系猜出它的引申义等。
(4)取长补短，灵活应答。由于初中生相对来说语言:的背景知识少，语感差一些，但语法知识比较扎实。做完形填空题时对上下文或个别句子理解不准确，难以确定:答案时，应跳过去继续做下面的题目。
三、完形填空技巧解析：
中考完形填空常用的答题技巧如下:
1.语境推断
例1：There were so many people on the bus that there were ____1______ empty seats. When a young man got on, an old man near him wanted to 2 , but the young man pushed him back to his seat.
Thank you, "he said, "but please don’t do that. I can stand.
1. A. many B. some C. enough D no
2.A. sit down B get on C set out D. stand up
例2：My father told me that there used to be a forest near our town. But the farmer who owned the forest ____________ trees every year until one year, there were no trees left.(陕西中考节选)
A. cut up B. cut down C. looked for D. looked after
2.逻辑推断
例1: 1.Mr. Brown began to walk at eight in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. He was tired and hungry. He was walking slowly towards the _________ and his shadow lay long behind him. He had to look for a place for the night
A. east B west C. south D. north
例2: On Christmas Eve, my friends and I went walking in the city. ____________ Christmas isn’t a holiday in China, many people were out in the streets and having fun.
A. When B. Though C. Because D. If
3固定搭配法
例1: It's Sunday. Some students are going___1____ a trip with their teacher. ____2____ their way they saw a bus behind them…
1. A to B for C on D at
2.A. On B. By C. At D. To
例2: When he stood beside her, she jumped as if (好像) she had suddenly been woken up from sleeping. She looked up _________ Bob, and then her eyes brightened. (2020 重庆中考)
A. after B. to C. at D. in
4.词语用法(近义词或近义词组的区别辨析)
例: A little cock lived near the river. One morning the little cock _________ his beautiful clothes and went for a walk by the
river. On his way he met a little duck.
A. wore B had on C dressed D. put on
5.词汇复现
词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、概括词或派生词的形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。
例1:Later, we found a _________ model plane in a store. I learned that different inventors often invent similar things.
A different B similar C. large D small
例2:A moment later, he rushed back to his grandfather, “I found it!” he shouted. Ray was surprised and asked how he made it. The little boy replied, “I stood in the barn without making any noise, and tried my best to keep silent. After a few
_________， I heard the sound of tick tick.” (2019 沈阳中考)
（沈阳中考2020真题）
Mike was a funny student. He loves watching comedies（喜剧）best and hoped to become a comedy 11 one day.
When he heard about the talent show（才艺表演） to be held at his school, Mike 12 to take part in. He had never acted on stage （舞台） before, and he was very 13 ， But some students laughed at him," You are not funny at all. No one will like what you do!" his classmate Ken said to him 14 ．
Mike couldn't understand why he was so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about 15 the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his 16 ， and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he started to prepare for the show.
Mike did a great job at the talent show. Everyone 17 his performance （表演），and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were proud 18 him. Even so, Ken told Mike that he would never succeed. Mike didn't understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had 19 to do with him. He confidently （自信地） continued to work towards his 20 ．
As the years went on, Mike met more people like Ken. "You’ll do a 21 job," they said to him. Luckily, most people 22 him and some helped him to become even funnier. He got a lot of chances to perform in movies. He was even 23 to appear on television. His fans thanked him 24 his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy.
Now Mike is a comedy star! He is doing what he loves best, and he 25 all day long.
We can learn from Mike that as long as we stick with what we like, we will be successful. So just be yourself!
11．A． teacher B． actor C． director D． writer
12．A． forgot B． failed C． wanted D． continued
13．A． excited B． angry C． bored D． satisfied
14．A． kindly B． loudly C． politely D． patiently
15．A． writing down B． putting on C． waiting for D． giving up
16．A． jokes B． concerts C． books D． articles
17． A． disliked B． minded C． doubted D． loved
18．A． with B． at C．of D． in
19．A． something B． nothing C． everything D． anything
20．A． dream B． trouble C． wealth D． luck
21．A． valuable B． wonderful C． terrible D． meaningful
22．A． encouraged B． hated C． punished D． saved
23．A． refused B． invited C． cancelled D． told
24．A． because B． but C． before D． until
25．A． cries B． regrets C． shouts D． laughs
（沈阳中考2019真题）
Ray had a wonderful family and lived very happily. He had four grandchildren，and they all came to see him 11theirholidays.One day，Ray was preparing to welcome them as usual: cleaning the house and cooking delicious food.12hewas working，he lost his favorite watch which was a13fromhis deceased（已故的）wife. Ray loved the watch very much，and he was very sad.
When his grandchildren arrived，they 14him they would find the watch. One granddaughter asked，“Grandpa，where did you see the watch last15it went missing ”
Ray replied，“Maybe in the barn（谷仓）!“The children searched there for more than two hour 16 Could not find it .
One of his grandsons wanted to search the barn 17 ，and Ray asked why he was going there. The little boy didn't explain but asked 18 not to follow him. A moment later， he rushed back to his grandfather，"I found it!" he shouted. pay was 19 and asked how he made it. The little boy replied，'I stood in the barn 20 making any noise，and tried my best to keep silent. After a few 21 ，I heard the sound of tick tick. At last，I 22 the watch from the hay（干草）."After hearing his words，Ray hugged. The little boy and 23him very much.
The story tells us if we 24 calm（冷静的），we can fired a solution. This shows the power of 25 .
11.A.between B. during C. among D. past
12.A.Unless B. Over C. While D. Still
13.A.report B. gift C. letter D. message
14.A. suggested B. doubted C. expected D. promised
15.A.after B. before C. until D. since
16.A.and B.so C. or D. but
17.A.ever B. again C. already D. always
18.A.other B. another C. the other D. the others
19.A.angry B. bored C. unhappy D. surprised
20.A. without B.by C. about D. except
21.A.weeks B. days C. hours D. minutes
22.A.looked up B. tuned up C. picked up D. made up
23.A.accepted B. thanked C. saved D. protected
24.A stop B. send C. stay D. seem
25.A. habit B. decision C. silence D. suggestion