【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案（通用版) 12 特殊句式 （原卷版+答案+解析卷）

【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十二 特殊句式（原卷板）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
特殊句式主要指：强调句、省略句、倒装句、以及“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构和由“陈述句+简略的一般问句”构成的反义疑问句等。这些特殊句式在近年高考试题中出现的频率越来越高。
主要考查热点：
1.强调句
2.省略句
3.倒装句
4.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构及反意疑问句
【考点剖析】
一、强调句
例1：（2019高考 重庆模拟卷）It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ___________ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.
A. when B. since C. after D. that
【答案】D
例2：（2018高考 天津卷）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】B
例3：-- How was the televised debate last night
-- Super! Rarely __________ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
【答案】B
例4：It was after he got what he had desired _____ he realized it was not so important.
A. that B. when C. as D. since
【答案】A
【解题技巧】
此类试题首先要分析句子结构，确定句子主干。其次，找到被强调部分，即可确定强调句。
二、省略句
例1：(2020年高考 哈工大专项测试卷）
——Have you been to the Summer Palace
——Perhaps not In my memory．___________，it might have been during my early childhood．
A.If any B. If ever C. If only D. If not
【答案】B
例2：(2018年高考 新课标II卷）China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】feeding
例3：(2018年高考 天津南开中学月考卷）The suggestion our teacher ________ at the meeting is that students ________ in time after learning.
A. made; review　　 B. make; review
C. should make; reviewed　　 D. made; reviewed
【答案】 A　
例4：________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A.It were　 　 B. Were it　　 C. It was　　 D. Was it
【答案】B　
【解题技巧】
做此类试题，我们应该熟练掌握省略的规则，能够还原被省略部分，为解题作出铺垫。针对引导词的省略应该分清从句类型，从分析从句入手确定应该省略的引导词。在英语中，省略现象在日常交际中使用得非常普遍，要重点掌握。
三、倒装句
例1：(2020年高考 哈工大附中专项测试卷） __________ hard, he would have passed the exam.
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked
C. Should he work D. Were he to work
【答案】B
例2：(2019年高考 湖北模拟试卷）_________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D.Might you be
【答案】B
例3：___________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
【答案】B
例4：（2019年高考 广东卷）The old couple married for 40 year and never once _________ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
【答案】C
四、祈使句与反意疑问句
例1：(2021年高考 全国乙卷短文改错）That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【答案】 hopes→hope
例2：(2018年高考 北京卷））In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
例3：(2019年高考 哈工大附中专项测试卷）We believe there is no independent scientific evidence that any Internet dating site is beneficial to matching people together，________
A.is there B. do we C. don't we D. isn't there
【答案】A　
例4：Keep these rules in mind, ________ you are sure to be successful in the job interview.
A. and　　 B. unless　　 C. or　　 D. since
【答案】A　
【相关知识点连接】
一、强调句
1．强调句的基本结构
强调句的基本结构是：It is／was+被强调部分+that+其他部分，可用来强调主语、宾语或状语。强调人时可用who作连词。
It was Mary that／who I met in the street yesterday．(强调宾语)
昨天我在街上遇见的是玛丽。
It was 1 who met Mary in the street yesterday．(强调主语)
昨天是我在街上遇见玛丽的。
It was in the street that I met Mary yesterday．(强调地点状语)
昨天我是在街上遇见玛丽的。
2．强调句型的一般疑问句形式
1）句式特征：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that…
2）结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？
3）强调句型的反意疑问句：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn't/wasn't it？
4）强调句型的感叹句形式：what/how …it is（that）+主语+谓语！
5）强调句强调not until引导的状语或状语从句：It is／was not until that…
意思：“直到……才……”
What is it that he likes most 他最喜欢的是什么
Where was it that you met him yesterday 昨天你在哪儿见到他的
It was not until midnight that he finished his writing. 直到午夜他才完成写作。
3．强调句型的基本用法
以句子“Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.（张老师昨天在教室里讲了一个有趣的故事）”为例，说明如何对一个句子的某个成分，如主语，宾语，状语强调的构成。
1）强调主语
对主语强调可用“It is/ was... that/ who...”。
It was Mr. Zhang who/ that told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday. 昨天在教室里讲了一个有趣的故事的是张老师。
2）强调宾语
有些及物动词可带有双宾语，即：直接宾语和间接宾语，所以可以对两个宾语分别进行强调。
It was his students that Mr. Zhang told an interesting story in the classroom yesterday. 昨天张老师在教室里讲一个有趣的故事是给他的学生们听的。
It was an interesting story that Mr. Zhang told his students in the classroom yesterday. 昨天张老师在教室里给他学生们讲的是一个有趣的故事。
3）强调状语
对状语的强调常是地点状语、时间状语和方式状语。
It was in the classroom that Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story yesterday. 昨天张老师是在教室里给他的学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。
It was yesterday Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom.张老师是在昨天在教室里给他的学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。
4）强调谓语
谓语部分强调用“do/ does/ did+动词原形”的结构，但这种结构只能用于一般现在时和一般过去式中，不可用于其他时态。
I do hope you will pass the English exam.
我真的希望你能通过这次英语考试。
He did come to school very early this morning. 他今天确实到校很早。
5）强调特殊问词
特殊疑问词（包括特殊疑问代词和副词）常出现在特殊疑问句和复合句的从句中。对特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词进行强调时，要将该特殊疑问词放在句首，语序为疑问语序；对复合句中从句的特殊疑问词进行强调时，要将该特殊疑问词放在句首，语序为陈述语序。
When did you meet Mr. Brown yesterday？你昨天什么时候遇见布朗先生的？
对when进行强调：
When was it that you met Mr. Brown yesterday？
你昨天是什么时候遇见布朗先生的？
I didn’t know where he had gone. 我不知道他去了哪里。
对where进行强调：
I didn’t know where it was that he had gone. 我不知道他去的地方是哪里。
特殊疑问词出现在疑问句中进行强调的句式为：
“Wh- is/ was it that...”
对复合句中从句的特殊疑问词进行强调的句式为：
“Wh- it is/ was that...”
两句式区别的关键之处在于语序。
6）强调复合句
“It is/ was... that...”结构除了对担任某个句子成分的单个词或短语进行强调外，还可以用来强调复合句中的从句，如时间状语从句，原因状语从句和某些名词性从句等。
强调主语从句：
What he said is very important. 他说的话很重要。
It is what he said that is very important. 正是他说的话很重要。
I object to how she does it. 我反对她怎么做。
It is how she does it that I object to. 我反对的正是她这样做的方式。
强调原因状语从句：
Because he got up late, he didn’t catch the first bus.
因为他起得晚，没赶上第一班公共汽车。
It was because he got up late that he didn’t catch the first bus.
正是因为他起得晚，才没赶上第一班公共汽车。
强调时间状语从句：
The train had left when I got to the station.
我到车站时火车已经开走了。
It was when I got to the station that the train had left.
我到车站时，火车已经开走了。
另外，对“not... until...”句型中的“until + 时间状语/时间状语从句”进行强调时，不但要把not置于until之前，而且要把“not until + 状语”放在It is/ was之后，原来的句子要还原为陈述句。
强调时间状语从句：
I didn’t leave until he came. 他来之前我没有离开。
It was not until he came that I left. 直到他来我才离开。
强调状语从句的基本句式为：
“It is/ was+从句that+主句”
而“not... until...”的强调句式为：
“It is/ was not until + 从句that+主句（肯定）”
【温馨提示】
在这种结构中对原因状语从句只强调because引导的原因状语从句，而不能对as，since引导的原因状语从句进行强调。
二、省略句
1．简单句的省略
1）主语被省略（省略主语时，往往是一个祈使句）
Thank you very much. 多谢！
Sound like a good idea.听起来好象是一个好主意。
Let's go out for a drive next Sunday.咱我们下星期天出去兜一兜风吧！
2）谓语或谓语的一部分被省略。
"Are you ill " "Yes, I am." 你生病了吗？——是的，生病了。（am后省ill）
3）宾语被省略
"Where is Miss Gao " "I don't know". 高小姐在哪儿？我不知道。
"Which of the coats is better " "It's hard to tell."
哪一件大衣好一点？”“这很难说。”
4）主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）被省略。只剩表语、宾语或其它成分。
(I'm) Sorry! 对不起！
What a nice car(it is) !多漂亮的一辆车啊！
"When did your family move here "
"Two years ago."( My family moved here two years ago.)
“你家是什么时候搬到这儿的？”“两年前。”
"Have you ever been to Xi'an " "( I have) Never (been there)."
“你去过西安吗？”“从来没去过。”
2．不定式符号的省略
1）在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词或短语及使役动词make, let, have等后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语”结构中，不定式不带to，但是这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。
The see which plants grow higher. 接着看哪种植物长的高一些。
The old man watched the children play. 这老人看着孩子们玩。
2）不定式符号to后内容的省略
在上下文中, 有时为了避免重复，表达相同意思的不定式符号to后的内容常承前省略，而只保持不定式的符号to。常见的动词有：refuse，want，intend，mean，expect，hope，like，wish，try，oblige等动词以及形容词afraid, glad, happy, willing, be able to, be going to等之后常会省略，只保留不定式符号to。
---Will you go to the cinema with me 你愿意和我一起去电影院吗？
---I'd love to. 我愿意。
Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.
老师允许(让你们动)，任何东西都不要碰。
You may go if you want to(go). 要是你想去，你可以去。
I would like to attend the meeting but I’m afraid I won't be able to.
我倒愿意参加这个会，不过我恐怕去不了。
【温馨提示】如果省略的不定式中含有be，have或have been时，要保留be，have或have been。
He is not the same man as he used to be. 他与以前的他浑然两样。
---She hasn't done it yet. 她还没有做那件事。
---She ought to have. 她本来应该做完的。
3）特殊句型中不定式符号to的省略及to后内容的省略
在"why not......"；"had better......"；"rather than...." 等特殊句型中不定式符号to常常省略，而be going to句型中不定式符号to后的内容常承前省略。
Why not go for a walk 你为什么不去散散步呢？
Since you have to stay home, why not do some reading
既然你不得不呆在家里，为什么不读点书呢？
You'd better find an English pen friend.你最好找一位英语笔友。
【温馨提示】不定式符号to省略的其它常见现象还有：
1）介词but/except等前面有实义动词do，并表示否定意义时，其后不定式符号to可省去。
He can do nothing /except lie down and sleep.别无选择他只好躺下睡觉。
There is nothing to do but wait.只有等待。
2）would sooner, had better(best) 和would rather...than...其后不定式符号to常省略。
He would sooner die than surrender. 他宁死不屈。
I'd rather look after the bay than wash dished. 我宁愿看婴儿也不愿洗盘子。
You'd better hurry and buy a ticket then。你最好赶快去买张票。
如果表示对比或在比较句型中要带to。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.
他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
3）几个不定式并列时，只在第一个不定式前加to，其它不定式前常省略to。
It is very kind of you to come and see me.你来看我真实太好了。
4）不定式作表语时，主句部分有实义动词do的某种形式时to可以省去。
All you do is (to) complete the form.你现在要做的是填好这张表。
3．介词的省略
在waste, busy或spent等跟-ing 时后面的前置词in 常被省略。
He was busy (in) writing an important letter. 他忙于写一封重要的信。
Don't waste your time (in) crying for the moon. 别做这种徒劳无益的事情。
He shouldn't spend so much time (in) watching TV.
他不应该花太多的时间看电视。
4．表示年龄的years old, 表示钟点的o'clock.等常常省略
Even before he was ten he became very interested in science.
甚至在他十岁之前，就对科学感兴趣了。
It's five ( o'clock). 现在五点钟。
5．所有格之后的名词的省略
I'm going to my uncle's (house). 我要到我叔叔家去。
He asked the student to come to the teacher's (office). 他叫学生来办公室。
6．独立主格结构的分词为being或having been时，可省去，意义不受影响（逻辑主语不是人称代词时）。
The class (being) over, we all left the classroom.下课后，我们都离开了教室。
Tools (having been) carried, we went on our way to the field.我们扛着农具，走在去田间的路上。
7．特殊疑问句的答语中的省略（问什么答什么）。
"When were you born " "In 1982."
“你是什么时候出生的？”“1982年出生的。”
"How do you usually go to school ” “On foot."
“你平时怎样去上学？”“步行去上学”
8．在口语中常见的省略句型：
"Thanks." (= I thank you very much). 多谢你。
"Not at all." (= You needn't thank me at all.) 不用谢。
"(I'm) Sorry." 对不起
"(You) Never mind." 没关系
"Is she there " 她在那儿吗？
"I think so." (=I think she is there.) 我想是在那儿。
"Can You come tomorrow "你明天能来吗？
"I'm afraid not. (=I'm afraid I cannot come.)" 恐怕我来不了。
See you later. (= I shall see you later. 再见!
What to do next (=What shall we do next ) 我们下一步该做什么呢？
Enough! (=That's enough.) 够了。
How so (= How is it so ) 怎么会这样呢？
Why so (=Why is it so ) 为什么这样呢？
Why not go at once (=Why should you not go at once )
你为什么不马上就走呢？
9．状语从句中的省略
如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，而且状语从句中谓语动词为be时, 可将状语从句中的主语与be动词一同省略，构成“v-ing / v-ed / 形容词 / 介词 /副词结构”。
Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is ) necessary.
将冠词填入所需的空格处。
When (it is) completed, the car factory will bring more and more jobs to the province. 当汽车工厂完工，它将给这个省带来越来越多的工作。
While(he was) waiting there, Mr. Ford was reading some old magazines.
当弗瑞德先生在那儿等待的时候，看着一些旧杂志。
If (it is) carefully done, the experiment will be successful.
如果你更加仔细地做，实验会成功。
Though (she was) tired, she kept working at the machine.
尽管他很累，他仍然在工作。
如果从句中的-ing是表示状态的动词，就不存在省略be的问题。
Although knowing English, Miss Gao talked with them in Chinese.
尽管懂得英语，高小姐仍然用汉语与他们交谈。
（此句不能理解为： Although she was knowing English ,......）
【温馨提示】状语从句省略是一种较为复杂的语言现象，常见以下几种：
1）时间状语
Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要当心。（when后省略了you are）
2）条件状语
He won't go to the party unless invited.除非被邀请否则他不会去参加那个晚会。（unless后省略了he is）
3）比较状语
Country music today remains much the same as before.当今的乡村音乐与过去相比有大量的相同之处。（as后省略了it was）
4）让步状语
Whether right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.
不论他的观点正确与否都应予以考虑。（Whether后省略了it is）
10．虚拟语气中的省略
含有if的虚拟条件句可以省去if而把助动词had， should， were提到句首构成倒装。在suggest，insist，order，demand等后面的宾语从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。（参照专题八---情态动词与虚拟语气）
11．并列句中的省略
在并列句中如果后一分句有与前一分句相同的部分，就常可以省略。
My father works on a farm and my mother (works) in a factory.
我父亲在一家农场工作，我母亲在一家工厂工作。
Tom won the first race and George (won) the second (one).
汤姆在比赛中获得第一，乔治获得第二。
如果是不相同的结构，一般不宜省略。
可以说：The hunter was frightened and was firing at the bear.
猎人吓坏了并朝熊开枪。
但一般不说：The hunter was frightened and firing at the bear.
12．复合句中的省略
1）主句中的省略
（1）主句中的省略多见于句子起首部分。
( I ) Don't know what you are going to do next. 不知道你下一步要干什么？
(It's) Too good she can go with us this Sunday.
这个星期天她能和我们一起去真是太好了。
(Is there) Anything more you want to say 你还有什么要说的吗？
（2）在回答特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，主句可全部省略，只用从句回答。
"When are you going off to Guangzhou " "Next Thursday evening"
“你打算什么时候去广州？” “下星期四的晚上。”
"What did you say " "(He said) He had finished his homework."
“他说什么？” “他已经做完了作业。”
2）从句中的省略
（1）宾语从句的省略
以which，when，where，how和why引起的宾语从句在其谓语和主句的谓语相同时，可以省略全部谓语，甚至主语也可省略仅保留一个引导词。
在I'm afraid，I believe，I expect，I think，I hope，I fear，I suppose，I trust等之后的“not”等于一个否定的that-从句；“so”等于一个肯定的that-从句。
（2）定语从句的省略
定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词，在非正式文体中，往往省略关系副词how，when和why。此外，关系代词as后面的主语谓语结构有时也可以省略。
三、倒装句
倒装句是英语修辞句式的一种，它是为了强调某一句子成分而改变其结构顺序的句子形式。句子采用倒装的目的：一是为了句子的需要；二是为了语法结构的需要。英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但当某些句子需要表示强调时，就常常采用倒装形式。倒装句可分为部分倒装和完全倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。此外，还有强调性倒装和以so、neither、nor开头的句子倒装。
倒装有两种情况：部分倒装（主语和助动词倒置）和全部倒装（主语和谓语完全倒置）。倒装句的使用有两方面的意义：一是适应一定的语法结构的需要（疑问句的句型结构）；二是起强调作用，把要强调部分放到句首，构成倒装句。总之，为了句子意义的需要，强调句子的某一内容，使上下文衔接紧密；或为了保持句子平衡而采用倒装语句。
Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927
中国解放军是在1927年组建的么 （疑问句结构，部分倒装）
Never have I been late for school this term.
这学期我上学从未迟到。（强调作用，部分倒装）
Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲出去了。（强调状语，全部倒装）
Away went the boy. 那个男孩走了。（强调状语，全部倒装）
1. 部分倒装
1）大部分疑问句（疑问词作主语或修饰主语时除外）
What are you going to be when you grow up
你长大后会成为什么样的人？
Who is going to be a teacher when you grow up （疑问词作主语不倒装）
你长大后谁当老师？
2）there be +主语
There is no room for compromise on this matter.
在这个问题上没有调和的余地。
There is one word too many in this sentence. 这个句子多了一个字。
3）so，neither，nor常用倒装句
He likes singing, so does she. 他喜欢唱歌，她也喜欢。
I never learned to swim and neither did they. 我从没学过游泳，他们也没有。
4）May表示祝愿时
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
May you continue in your effort and achieve new and greater success.
祝你继续努力，取得新的、更大的成绩。
5）though从句的转换形式
Child as he is, he can do the work well.
=Though he is a child, he can do the work well.
尽管他是个孩子，但他能把工作做好。
Young as she is, she knows a lot about computer.
= Though she is young, she knows a lot about computer.
虽然她很年轻，但对电脑了解很多。
2. 全部倒装
1）here, there置于句首，谓语是be，come，go，lie，live，sit，stand，rise，walk，run等表方位或转移的动词，且名词作主语时。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
2）out，in，up，down，away，off，back，now，then置于句首，名词作主语时。
Out rushed the boys. 男孩儿们冲出去了。
Away went the children. 孩子们走了
3）为保持句子平衡或强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衍接时，用完全倒装。
On top of the hill stands a tall tree. 山顶上有一棵大树。
Inside the pyramids are burial rooms. 金字塔里面是墓室。
Among them was Li Ping. 其中有李平。
3. 为了意义、强调、语法结构等的需要而使用倒装
1）为句子意义需要，强调某一内容，使上下文衔接紧密，保持句子平衡。
（1）句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，用到装。
句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，句中又有表示方位的副词（如the re，here，up，down，out，in，away等），为了强调该副词，将其放句首，将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
Here comes the train to Beijing. 去北京的火车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Down came the rain. 下雨了。
（2）为了强调句中的状语或表语，保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
At the front of the hall sat the headmaster. 校长坐在大厅的前部。
In this paragraph can be found an answer. 在这段里能找到答案。
（3）为了强调only及其所修饰的状语（通常是副词、介词短语或从句），则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。
Only then did we realize that the man was blind.
直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。
（4）将含有否定意义的副词（never，seldom，not，not until，little，hardly等）置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装（修饰主语时除外）。
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
我刚到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开动了。
Not until he grew up did he realize he was wrong.
直到长大他才意识到自己错了。
Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.
一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。
（5）为了强调“not a+名词”或“not a single+名词”结构，将其置于句首时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。
Not a word did he say at the last meeting. 在上次会议上他一句话都没说。
（6）Hardly…when，no sooner…than，not only…but also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。
Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.
他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。
No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain. 我刚刚离开家就下雨了。
2）由于语法结构的需要而使用倒装
（1）“So+助动词+主语”是一种常用于对前面所说情况作简短回答的句型。
I was late and so was she. 我迟到了，她也迟到了。
They loves having a lots of friends，so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。
（2）“Neither/Nor + 助动词 +主语”用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法。
She won't go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不。
I cannot swim. Neither can he. 不会游泳，他也不会。
（3）当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或should等时，可以省略if，把助动词were，should，had提前，作部分或完全倒装。
Were I you, I would do that. 如果我是你，我就会那样做。
Had he succeeded, he would have acquired a monopoly
要是他当时成功了，他就会取得垄断地位。
Had you come yesterday，you would have seen him.
若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。
四、祈使句与反意疑问句
1. 祈使句
1) 祈使句的用法：祈使句又叫命令句，通常被用于表示命令、请求或禁止的语气。祈使句可用于表示邀请、建议、指路等。
Speak a little more slowly, please! 请讲慢一点。（表请求）
Don't play football on the road! 不要在公路上踢足球。（表禁止）
Get out! 滚出去！（表命令）
Have another moon cake, please.请再吃块月饼。（表邀请）
Be careful! It's dangerous.当心! 那很危险。（表警告）
Go along this road, and take the second turning on the right.
沿着这条路往前走，路右侧第二个路口就是。（表建议）
2）祈使句也可用来表条件，常用于“祈使句+and / or +陈述句”句型中。
Take more exercise and you'll feel healthy. 多锻炼身体，你就会身体健康。
Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快点，否则会迟到的。
2. 反意疑问句
1) 基本构成形式：“陈述句+简略的一般疑问句”
She often has lunch at schoo1, doesn't she？她常在学校吃午饭，不是吗
You don't likes ports，do you 你并不喜欢体育运动，是吗
使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则：
2）反意疑问句中问句部分的助动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即“肯定+否定”或“否定+肯定”。
You can't do it，can you 这事你做不了，是吗
They are late for the meeting, aren’t they 他们开会迟到了，不是吗
3）反意疑问句中问句部分的助动词与陈述部分的动词要对应一致。
He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he
他天天在家吃晚饭，不是吗 (不能用hasn't he )
They have known the matter, haven't they
他们已经知道了这件事，不是吗 (不能用don't they )
4）反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。
They will go to town soon，won't they
很快他们就要进城，不是吗 (不能用don't they 或aren't they )
He works very hard，doesn't he 他工作很努力，是吗 (不能用didn't he 或won't he )
5）反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-，im-，in-，dis-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义。问句部分用否定形式。
Your father is unhappy, isn’t he 你父亲不高兴，是吗 (不能用is he )
The man is dishonest，isn't he 那人不诚实，是吗 (不能用is he )
It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words，isn't it 不多记单词学好英语是不可能的，对吗 (不能用is it )
6）反意疑问句的陈述部分含有little，few，never，hardly，seldom等否定意义的副词时，问句部分用肯定形式。
She never tells a lie does she 她从来不说谎，是吗 (不用doesn't she )
He was seldom late，was he 他很少迟到，是吗 (不用wasn't he )
7）反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am…时，问句部分习惯上用aren't I 表示。
I am a very honest man，aren't I 我是一个老实人，不是吗
8）反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We) think(believe，suppose，consider)+that从句”时，问句部分的助动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。
I think出at he has done his best，hasn't he
我认为他已经尽力了，是这样的吗
We think that English is very useful，isn't it
我们认为英语很有用，是这样吗 (不用don't we )
9）反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We)don't think(believe, suppose, consider)+that从句”时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的助动词和主语仍与that从旬保持一致且用肯定形式。
I don't think that you cart do it，can you
我认为这事你干不了，你能干吗 (不用do I )
We don't believe that the news is true，is it
我们认为这消息不真实，是这样的吗 (不用do we )
10）反意疑问句的陈述部分为“非第一人称主语+think(believe，suppose，consider)+that从句”时，问句部分的助动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。
They all think that English is very important，don't they
他们都认为英语非常重要，是吗 (不用isn't it )
He didn't think that the news was true，did he
他认为这消息不真实，是吗 (不用wasn't／was it )
11）反意疑问句的陈述部分为“主语+said(told，reported, asked...) + that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。
They said that you had finished your work，didn't they
他们说你已经做完工作了，是吗 (不用hadn't you )
Kate told you that she would go there，didn't she
凯特告诉你她要去那儿，是吗 (不用wouldn't she )
【温馨提示】
（1）当反意疑问句是宾语从句，主语是第一人称时，反问的是从句。
We think they have finished their task, haven’t they
我们认为他们已完成了他们的任务，不是吗？
（2）当反意疑问句是宾语从句，主语是第二，三人称时，反问的是主句。
He thought that his wife had gone to the office. didn’t he
他认为他的妻子去办公室了，不是吗？
12）陈述部分的主语为不定代词something，anything，nothing，everything时，问句部分的主语常用it。
Something is wrong with the computer，isn't it 电脑出故障了，是吗
Nothing has happened to them, has it 他们没发生什么事，是吗
13）陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody (someone)，anybody (anyone)，nobody (no one)，everybody (everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或they，这时问句助动词的数应和he或they一致。
Someone has taken the seat, hasn't he 有人坐了这个座位了，是吗
Everyone has done their best in the game，haven't they
大家在游戏中都尽力了，是吗
14）陈述部分为Let me…时,问句部分习惯上用shall I或will you。
Let me have a try，shall I／will you 让我试一试，好吗
15）陈述部分为Let us…时,问句部分习惯上用will you。
Let us stop to rest，will you 我们停下来休息一下好吗
16）陈述部分为Let's…时。问句部分习惯上用shall we。
Let's go home together，shall we 咱们一块儿回家好吗
17）陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you表示请求，用won't you表示委婉请求或邀请。
Do sit down，won't you／will you 坐下来好不好
You feed the bird today，will you 今天你把鸟儿喂一下好吗
Please open the window, will you／won't you 请把窗户打开一下好吗
18）陈述部分为否定祈使句时。问句部分一般用will you。
Don't make any noise，will you 别吵了好不好
19）陈述部分为“There(Here)+be+主语”时，问句部分用“动词+there(here)”。
There are two cakes on the plate，aren't there 盘子上有两个蛋糕，是吗
Here is a story about Mark Twain，isn't here 这是个关于马克·吐温的故事，是吗
20）陈述部分为“had better+动词原形”表示建议时。问句部分用"hadn't +主语”。
You'd better ten him about the matter，hadn't you
你最好还是把那件事告诉他一下．好吗
We had better do it by ourselves，hadn't we
我们最好还是自己做这件事，行吗
21）陈述部分为"used to+主语”时，问句部分用"didn't+主语”或"usedn't +主语”。
He used to live in the country，didn't he／usedn't he
他以前是住在乡下的，是吗
They used to be good friends，didn't they／usedn't they
他们曾是好朋友，不是吗
22）陈述部分为“must(may, might)+have +V-ed"表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间状语。问句部分助动词用过去时。
He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday，didn't he
他可能昨天把钢笔忘在教室里了，对吧 (不用mightn't he／hasn't he )
You must have got up late this morning，didn't you
你今天早上一定起床晚了，是吗 (不用mustn't you／haven't you )
23）陈述部分为“must(may，might)+have+V-ed"表示推测时。若句中没有带明显的过去时间状语。问句部分助动词用现在完成时形式。
Everyone must have known the death of the waitress，haven’t they
大家一定知道了女招待的死讯，是吗 (不用mustn't they )
You must have worked there, haven't you
你以前一定是在那里干过，对吗 (不用mustn't you／didn't you )
24）陈述部分的主语为从句时。问句部分的主语一般用it代替。
What he said is true，isn't it
他所说的话是真的，对吗 (不用didn't he )
Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet，has it
我们将在哪里修大坝还没有定下来，是吗 (不用won't we )
25）陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时。问句的主语用it代替。
To do one good deed is easy for a person，isn't it
一个人做一件好事并不难，是吗
Skating is your favorite sport，isn’t it 滑冰是你最喜欢的运动，是吗
附：
1．英语主要的五种基本句型
1）S + V（主语——动词）
The baby laughed and laughed. 婴儿笑啊笑。
The sun raise in the east . 太阳从东方升起。
2）S + V + O（主语—动词—宾语）
She loves them very much.她很爱他们。
We can't find the owner.我们找不到失主。
3）S + V + P（主语—连系动词—表语）
He is a Chinese boy. 他是一个中国孩子。
The all look fine. 他们看起来都很好。
4）S + V + IO + DO（主语—动词—间接宾语—直接宾语）
She bought me a pen. 她给我买了一只钢笔。
I wish you a happy birthday. 我祝你生日快乐！
5）S + V + O + C（主语—动词—宾语—宾语补足语）
She named her baby John. 她给孩子取名叫约翰。
Have you got everything ready 你们一切都准备好了吗？
2．根据使用目的分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
1）陈述句 用以肯定或否定一件事情或看法的叙述性句子叫陈述句。句末用句号，读时用降调。陈述句结构是：主语+助动词+实义动词+宾语。
2）疑问句 用来提问的句子叫疑问句，句末用问号。疑问句主要有四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
（1）一般疑问句 陈述句的谓语动词是动词be或have，构成一般疑问句时只须颠倒主语和动词的语序。一般疑问句结构是：助动词+主语+实义动词+宾语。
（2）特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是以疑问代词 (who, whom, what, which)、疑问形容词 (which, what, whose) 或疑问副词 (when, where, how, why) 开头。如果疑问代词是问句的主语或以“疑问形容词+名词”为问句的主语，这个问句就用正常的陈述句语序。
Who is your teacher 谁是你的老师？
Which team won the championship 哪个队赢得了冠军？
（3）选择疑问句 选择疑问句是要求从所提出的两个或多个项目中选择一个答案。
（4）反意疑问句 反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一，它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句构成的，基本构成形式是“陈述句+简略的一般疑问句”。
3）祈使句 祈使句作为这四大类型之一，有其特有的用法和表达形式。
【强化训练】
I. 单项选择
1. --Did Linda see the traffic accident
--No, no sooner ______ than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone
2. Lying about _________.
A. the floor is on books and magazines
B. on the floor books and magazines are
C. are books and magazines on the floor
D. on the floor are books and magazines
3. ________ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
4. It was with the help of the local guide ___________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A. who B. when C. that D. how
5.（It is he or you _______ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually .
A. who is B. that is C. who are D. whom are
6. It is you rather than he who _______ deliver a speech in the meeting tonight.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
7. _________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. only if；will you B. Only if；you will
C. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will
8. _________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Will have been working D. Had worked
9. It was when she was about to go to bed _________ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
10. There _________. I'll answer it。
A. the phone goes B. the phone has gone
C. goes the phone D. has gone the phone
11. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
12. Seldom __________ video games ever since they entered college.
A. they have played B. they played
C. have they played D. they have played
—Set the alarm for 5:00 am.,　　 you will make it.
14. ________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. only if；will you B. Only if；you will
C. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will
15. It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
16. Look, _________ that bookshop I was telling you about.
A. there is B. is there C. there will be D. will be there
17. —Have you searched the kitchen for your car key
—No. It was in the study I remember I left it.
18. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
19. So much of interest __________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all．
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers
C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
20. _________ many tall buildings in our school and ________ a large wheat field in front of it.
A. There stand；there lays B. Stand there；there lies
C. There stand；there lies D. There stand；lies there
II. 综合练习：短文改错
I still remembered I helped one of my classmates with his English one years ago. Li Hua, one of my classmates, who was not good at English while I did well. One day, she asked me to help him. So from now on, whenever he had problems, he would ask me, but I was patient to explain them to him. Slowly, his English improved under my help. At same time, I found my English improved too. As the saying goes, “roses giving, fragrance in hand.” Actual, helping others is helping ourselves.
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十二 特殊句式（解析卷）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
特殊句式主要指：强调句、省略句、倒装句、以及“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构和由“陈述句+简略的一般问句”构成的反义疑问句等。这些特殊句式在近年高考试题中出现的频率越来越高。
主要考查热点：
1.强调句
2.省略句
3.倒装句
4.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构及反意疑问句
【考点剖析】
一、强调句
例1：（2019高考 重庆模拟卷）It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ___________ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.
A. when B. since C. after D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：早在哥伦布横渡大西洋的80年前，郑和就航行到东非了。为强调句，强调的是80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。故选答案D。
例2：（2018高考 天津卷）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语) + that/ who (当强调主语且主语指人) +其他部分。此题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。所以，选B。
例3：-- How was the televised debate last night
-- Super! Rarely __________ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
【答案】B
【解析】句意：—昨晚的电视辩论怎么样？—超级！很少有媒体如此关注。rarely意为：极少有地，是否定词。以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装，把助动词放在主语前，以表示强调。故答案为B。
例4：It was after he got what he had desired _____ he realized it was not so important.
A. that B. when C. as D. since
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当他得到他渴望得到的时候，他才意识到这并不重要。强调状语从句。注意：试着把it was去掉后，不影响句子结构与句意，就是强调句。所以，选择答案A。
【解题技巧】
此类试题首先要分析句子结构，确定句子主干。其次，找到被强调部分，即可确定强调句。
二、省略句
例1：(2020年高考 哈工大专项测试卷）
——Have you been to the Summer Palace
——Perhaps not In my memory．___________，it might have been during my early childhood．
A.If any B. If ever C. If only D. If not
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你去过颐和园吗 ——在我记忆中或许没有，如果有的话，那可能也是在我的童年时期。 If ever，在这里是“If I have ever been to the Summer Palace"的省略形式。根据题意可知，选B。
例2：(2018年高考 新课标II卷）China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。银行的Juergen Voegele说：“这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。”考查省略句。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is。省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。所以，填feeding。
例3：(2018年高考 天津南开中学月考卷）The suggestion our teacher ________ at the meeting is that students ________ in time after learning.
A. made; review　　 B. make; review
C. should make; reviewed　　 D. made; reviewed
【答案】 A　
【解析】句意：我们老师在会上提出的建议是学生在学完后应及时复习。考查虚拟语气、动词时态以及省略句。our teacher ________ at the meeting为省去关系代词的定语从句，根据语境可知应该用一般过去时；表示建议的名词suggestion后的表语从句用虚拟语气，其形式是“(should)+动词原形”，所以，选A。
例4：________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A.It were　 　 B. Were it　　 C. It was　　 D. Was it
【答案】B　
【解析】句意：没有老师们的支持，这个学生不可能克服她的困难。考查虚拟语气的省略结构。根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知，是对现在事实的假设，be动词在虚拟语气中通常用were。当虚拟语气中if引导的从句省略了if时，从句部分使用倒装结构。所以，选择B。
【解题技巧】
做此类试题，我们应该熟练掌握省略的规则，能够还原被省略部分，为解题作出铺垫。针对引导词的省略应该分清从句类型，从分析从句入手确定应该省略的引导词。在英语中，省略现象在日常交际中使用得非常普遍，要重点掌握。
三、倒装句
例1：(2020年高考 哈工大附中专项测试卷） __________ hard, he would have passed the exam.
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked
C. Should he work D. Were he to work
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果他努力学习，他就会通过考试了。这个句子也是一个带有省略形式的虚拟条件句，没有省略之前应该是If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. 当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。故选择答案B。
例2：(2019年高考 湖北模拟试卷）_________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D.Might you be
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果你被解雇，你的医疗和其他福利不会立即被切断。在if条件句中含有had，were，should时，可采用倒装句式，把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。所以选择答案B。
例3：___________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
【答案】B
【解析】句意：尽管他可能是个沉默寡言的学生，但课下谈论喜爱的歌手时，他话却很多。在as引导的让步状语从句倒装时，名词前冠词应省略，as引导的让步状语从句通常将表语或修饰谓语动词的副词提前至as前面。这里的as 相当于though意思是“虽然、尽管”。应注意被提前的名词前不用冠词a/an,the。所以选择答案B。
例4：（2019年高考 广东卷）The old couple married for 40 year and never once _________ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这对老夫妇结婚40年了，从来没有吵过架。never表示否定时，位于句首，引起部分倒装结构。答案A、B不符合，排除；答案D的时态不符合，因为说的事情不是过去发生的。故选答案C。
四、祈使句与反意疑问句
例1：(2021年高考 全国乙卷短文改错）That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【答案】 hopes→hope
【解析】句意：希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考！考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，为祈使句，所以动词hope需要用动词原形。将hopes改为hope。
例2：(2018年高考 北京卷））In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只需按下这个按钮，训练有素的员工就会为您提供所需的帮助。考查祈使句+and/or+陈述句。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，用or。所以，and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中。只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。所以，选A。
例3：(2019年高考 哈工大附中专项测试卷）We believe there is no independent scientific evidence that any Internet dating site is beneficial to matching people together，________
A.is there B. do we C. don't we D. isn't there
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：我们认为，没有独立的科学证据表明，任何互联网交友网站都有助于人们配对，是吗？考查反意疑问句。在反意疑问句中，若陈述句为“I / We (don't) ＋ think，believe，suppose，feel等表示意见、想法、猜测的动词＋宾语从句”，简短问句的主语和谓语动词应同宾语从句的主语和谓语动词保持一致。本句中believe的主语是We，其后的简短问句的主语及谓语动词取决于从句的，排除B、C。从句中有否定词no，简短问句要用肯定式。所以，选择A。
例4：Keep these rules in mind, ________ you are sure to be successful in the job interview.
A. and　　 B. unless　　 C. or　　 D. since
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：牢记这些规则，你在求职面试中一定会成功的。考查并列连词。此处考查典型句式“祈使句 + and + 一般将来时的陈述句”。此处的祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，前后两分句之间是递进关系。所以，选A。
【相关知识点连接】
一、强调句
1．强调句的基本结构
强调句的基本结构是：It is／was+被强调部分+that+其他部分，可用来强调主语、宾语或状语。强调人时可用who作连词。
It was Mary that／who I met in the street yesterday．(强调宾语)
昨天我在街上遇见的是玛丽。
It was 1 who met Mary in the street yesterday．(强调主语)
昨天是我在街上遇见玛丽的。
It was in the street that I met Mary yesterday．(强调地点状语)
昨天我是在街上遇见玛丽的。
2．强调句型的一般疑问句形式
1）句式特征：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that…
2）结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？
3）强调句型的反意疑问句：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn't/wasn't it？
4）强调句型的感叹句形式：what/how …it is（that）+主语+谓语！
5）强调句强调not until引导的状语或状语从句：It is／was not until that…
意思：“直到……才……”
What is it that he likes most 他最喜欢的是什么
Where was it that you met him yesterday 昨天你在哪儿见到他的
It was not until midnight that he finished his writing. 直到午夜他才完成写作。
3．强调句型的基本用法
以句子“Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.（张老师昨天在教室里讲了一个有趣的故事）”为例，说明如何对一个句子的某个成分，如主语，宾语，状语强调的构成。
1）强调主语
对主语强调可用“It is/ was... that/ who...”。
It was Mr. Zhang who/ that told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday. 昨天在教室里讲了一个有趣的故事的是张老师。
2）强调宾语
有些及物动词可带有双宾语，即：直接宾语和间接宾语，所以可以对两个宾语分别进行强调。
It was his students that Mr. Zhang told an interesting story in the classroom yesterday. 昨天张老师在教室里讲一个有趣的故事是给他的学生们听的。
It was an interesting story that Mr. Zhang told his students in the classroom yesterday. 昨天张老师在教室里给他学生们讲的是一个有趣的故事。
3）强调状语
对状语的强调常是地点状语、时间状语和方式状语。
It was in the classroom that Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story yesterday. 昨天张老师是在教室里给他的学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。
It was yesterday Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom.张老师是在昨天在教室里给他的学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。
4）强调谓语
谓语部分强调用“do/ does/ did+动词原形”的结构，但这种结构只能用于一般现在时和一般过去式中，不可用于其他时态。
I do hope you will pass the English exam.
我真的希望你能通过这次英语考试。
He did come to school very early this morning. 他今天确实到校很早。
5）强调特殊问词
特殊疑问词（包括特殊疑问代词和副词）常出现在特殊疑问句和复合句的从句中。对特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词进行强调时，要将该特殊疑问词放在句首，语序为疑问语序；对复合句中从句的特殊疑问词进行强调时，要将该特殊疑问词放在句首，语序为陈述语序。
When did you meet Mr. Brown yesterday？你昨天什么时候遇见布朗先生的？
对when进行强调：
When was it that you met Mr. Brown yesterday？
你昨天是什么时候遇见布朗先生的？
I didn’t know where he had gone. 我不知道他去了哪里。
对where进行强调：
I didn’t know where it was that he had gone. 我不知道他去的地方是哪里。
特殊疑问词出现在疑问句中进行强调的句式为：
“Wh- is/ was it that...”
对复合句中从句的特殊疑问词进行强调的句式为：
“Wh- it is/ was that...”
两句式区别的关键之处在于语序。
6）强调复合句
“It is/ was... that...”结构除了对担任某个句子成分的单个词或短语进行强调外，还可以用来强调复合句中的从句，如时间状语从句，原因状语从句和某些名词性从句等。
强调主语从句：
What he said is very important. 他说的话很重要。
It is what he said that is very important. 正是他说的话很重要。
I object to how she does it. 我反对她怎么做。
It is how she does it that I object to. 我反对的正是她这样做的方式。
强调原因状语从句：
Because he got up late, he didn’t catch the first bus.
因为他起得晚，没赶上第一班公共汽车。
It was because he got up late that he didn’t catch the first bus.
正是因为他起得晚，才没赶上第一班公共汽车。
强调时间状语从句：
The train had left when I got to the station.
我到车站时火车已经开走了。
It was when I got to the station that the train had left.
我到车站时，火车已经开走了。
另外，对“not... until...”句型中的“until + 时间状语/时间状语从句”进行强调时，不但要把not置于until之前，而且要把“not until + 状语”放在It is/ was之后，原来的句子要还原为陈述句。
强调时间状语从句：
I didn’t leave until he came. 他来之前我没有离开。
It was not until he came that I left. 直到他来我才离开。
强调状语从句的基本句式为：
“It is/ was+从句that+主句”
而“not... until...”的强调句式为：
“It is/ was not until + 从句that+主句（肯定）”
【温馨提示】
在这种结构中对原因状语从句只强调because引导的原因状语从句，而不能对as，since引导的原因状语从句进行强调。
二、省略句
1．简单句的省略
1）主语被省略（省略主语时，往往是一个祈使句）
Thank you very much. 多谢！
Sound like a good idea.听起来好象是一个好主意。
Let's go out for a drive next Sunday.咱我们下星期天出去兜一兜风吧！
2）谓语或谓语的一部分被省略。
"Are you ill " "Yes, I am." 你生病了吗？——是的，生病了。（am后省ill）
3）宾语被省略
"Where is Miss Gao " "I don't know". 高小姐在哪儿？我不知道。
"Which of the coats is better " "It's hard to tell."
哪一件大衣好一点？”“这很难说。”
4）主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）被省略。只剩表语、宾语或其它成分。
(I'm) Sorry! 对不起！
What a nice car(it is) !多漂亮的一辆车啊！
"When did your family move here "
"Two years ago."( My family moved here two years ago.)
“你家是什么时候搬到这儿的？”“两年前。”
"Have you ever been to Xi'an " "( I have) Never (been there)."
“你去过西安吗？”“从来没去过。”
2．不定式符号的省略
1）在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词或短语及使役动词make, let, have等后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语”结构中，不定式不带to，但是这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。
The see which plants grow higher. 接着看哪种植物长的高一些。
The old man watched the children play. 这老人看着孩子们玩。
2）不定式符号to后内容的省略
在上下文中, 有时为了避免重复，表达相同意思的不定式符号to后的内容常承前省略，而只保持不定式的符号to。常见的动词有：refuse，want，intend，mean，expect，hope，like，wish，try，oblige等动词以及形容词afraid, glad, happy, willing, be able to, be going to等之后常会省略，只保留不定式符号to。
---Will you go to the cinema with me 你愿意和我一起去电影院吗？
---I'd love to. 我愿意。
Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.
老师允许(让你们动)，任何东西都不要碰。
You may go if you want to(go). 要是你想去，你可以去。
I would like to attend the meeting but I’m afraid I won't be able to.
我倒愿意参加这个会，不过我恐怕去不了。
【温馨提示】如果省略的不定式中含有be，have或have been时，要保留be，have或have been。
He is not the same man as he used to be. 他与以前的他浑然两样。
---She hasn't done it yet. 她还没有做那件事。
---She ought to have. 她本来应该做完的。
3）特殊句型中不定式符号to的省略及to后内容的省略
在"why not......"；"had better......"；"rather than...." 等特殊句型中不定式符号to常常省略，而be going to句型中不定式符号to后的内容常承前省略。
Why not go for a walk 你为什么不去散散步呢？
Since you have to stay home, why not do some reading
既然你不得不呆在家里，为什么不读点书呢？
You'd better find an English pen friend.你最好找一位英语笔友。
【温馨提示】不定式符号to省略的其它常见现象还有：
1）介词but/except等前面有实义动词do，并表示否定意义时，其后不定式符号to可省去。
He can do nothing /except lie down and sleep.别无选择他只好躺下睡觉。
There is nothing to do but wait.只有等待。
2）would sooner, had better(best) 和would rather...than...其后不定式符号to常省略。
He would sooner die than surrender. 他宁死不屈。
I'd rather look after the bay than wash dished. 我宁愿看婴儿也不愿洗盘子。
You'd better hurry and buy a ticket then。你最好赶快去买张票。
如果表示对比或在比较句型中要带to。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.
他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
3）几个不定式并列时，只在第一个不定式前加to，其它不定式前常省略to。
It is very kind of you to come and see me.你来看我真实太好了。
4）不定式作表语时，主句部分有实义动词do的某种形式时to可以省去。
All you do is (to) complete the form.你现在要做的是填好这张表。
3．介词的省略
在waste, busy或spent等跟-ing 时后面的前置词in 常被省略。
He was busy (in) writing an important letter. 他忙于写一封重要的信。
Don't waste your time (in) crying for the moon. 别做这种徒劳无益的事情。
He shouldn't spend so much time (in) watching TV.
他不应该花太多的时间看电视。
4．表示年龄的years old, 表示钟点的o'clock.等常常省略
Even before he was ten he became very interested in science.
甚至在他十岁之前，就对科学感兴趣了。
It's five ( o'clock). 现在五点钟。
5．所有格之后的名词的省略
I'm going to my uncle's (house). 我要到我叔叔家去。
He asked the student to come to the teacher's (office). 他叫学生来办公室。
6．独立主格结构的分词为being或having been时，可省去，意义不受影响（逻辑主语不是人称代词时）。
The class (being) over, we all left the classroom.下课后，我们都离开了教室。
Tools (having been) carried, we went on our way to the field.我们扛着农具，走在去田间的路上。
7．特殊疑问句的答语中的省略（问什么答什么）。
"When were you born " "In 1982."
“你是什么时候出生的？”“1982年出生的。”
"How do you usually go to school ” “On foot."
“你平时怎样去上学？”“步行去上学”
8．在口语中常见的省略句型：
"Thanks." (= I thank you very much). 多谢你。
"Not at all." (= You needn't thank me at all.) 不用谢。
"(I'm) Sorry." 对不起
"(You) Never mind." 没关系
"Is she there " 她在那儿吗？
"I think so." (=I think she is there.) 我想是在那儿。
"Can You come tomorrow "你明天能来吗？
"I'm afraid not. (=I'm afraid I cannot come.)" 恐怕我来不了。
See you later. (= I shall see you later. 再见!
What to do next (=What shall we do next ) 我们下一步该做什么呢？
Enough! (=That's enough.) 够了。
How so (= How is it so ) 怎么会这样呢？
Why so (=Why is it so ) 为什么这样呢？
Why not go at once (=Why should you not go at once )
你为什么不马上就走呢？
9．状语从句中的省略
如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，而且状语从句中谓语动词为be时, 可将状语从句中的主语与be动词一同省略，构成“v-ing / v-ed / 形容词 / 介词 /副词结构”。
Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is ) necessary.
将冠词填入所需的空格处。
When (it is) completed, the car factory will bring more and more jobs to the province. 当汽车工厂完工，它将给这个省带来越来越多的工作。
While(he was) waiting there, Mr. Ford was reading some old magazines.
当弗瑞德先生在那儿等待的时候，看着一些旧杂志。
If (it is) carefully done, the experiment will be successful.
如果你更加仔细地做，实验会成功。
Though (she was) tired, she kept working at the machine.
尽管他很累，他仍然在工作。
如果从句中的-ing是表示状态的动词，就不存在省略be的问题。
Although knowing English, Miss Gao talked with them in Chinese.
尽管懂得英语，高小姐仍然用汉语与他们交谈。
（此句不能理解为： Although she was knowing English ,......）
【温馨提示】状语从句省略是一种较为复杂的语言现象，常见以下几种：
1）时间状语
Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要当心。（when后省略了you are）
2）条件状语
He won't go to the party unless invited.除非被邀请否则他不会去参加那个晚会。（unless后省略了he is）
3）比较状语
Country music today remains much the same as before.当今的乡村音乐与过去相比有大量的相同之处。（as后省略了it was）
4）让步状语
Whether right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.
不论他的观点正确与否都应予以考虑。（Whether后省略了it is）
10．虚拟语气中的省略
含有if的虚拟条件句可以省去if而把助动词had， should， were提到句首构成倒装。在suggest，insist，order，demand等后面的宾语从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。（参照专题八---情态动词与虚拟语气）
11．并列句中的省略
在并列句中如果后一分句有与前一分句相同的部分，就常可以省略。
My father works on a farm and my mother (works) in a factory.
我父亲在一家农场工作，我母亲在一家工厂工作。
Tom won the first race and George (won) the second (one).
汤姆在比赛中获得第一，乔治获得第二。
如果是不相同的结构，一般不宜省略。
可以说：The hunter was frightened and was firing at the bear.
猎人吓坏了并朝熊开枪。
但一般不说：The hunter was frightened and firing at the bear.
12．复合句中的省略
1）主句中的省略
（1）主句中的省略多见于句子起首部分。
( I ) Don't know what you are going to do next. 不知道你下一步要干什么？
(It's) Too good she can go with us this Sunday.
这个星期天她能和我们一起去真是太好了。
(Is there) Anything more you want to say 你还有什么要说的吗？
（2）在回答特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，主句可全部省略，只用从句回答。
"When are you going off to Guangzhou " "Next Thursday evening"
“你打算什么时候去广州？” “下星期四的晚上。”
"What did you say " "(He said) He had finished his homework."
“他说什么？” “他已经做完了作业。”
2）从句中的省略
（1）宾语从句的省略
以which，when，where，how和why引起的宾语从句在其谓语和主句的谓语相同时，可以省略全部谓语，甚至主语也可省略仅保留一个引导词。
在I'm afraid，I believe，I expect，I think，I hope，I fear，I suppose，I trust等之后的“not”等于一个否定的that-从句；“so”等于一个肯定的that-从句。
（2）定语从句的省略
定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词，在非正式文体中，往往省略关系副词how，when和why。此外，关系代词as后面的主语谓语结构有时也可以省略。
三、倒装句
倒装句是英语修辞句式的一种，它是为了强调某一句子成分而改变其结构顺序的句子形式。句子采用倒装的目的：一是为了句子的需要；二是为了语法结构的需要。英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但当某些句子需要表示强调时，就常常采用倒装形式。倒装句可分为部分倒装和完全倒装。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。此外，还有强调性倒装和以so、neither、nor开头的句子倒装。
倒装有两种情况：部分倒装（主语和助动词倒置）和全部倒装（主语和谓语完全倒置）。倒装句的使用有两方面的意义：一是适应一定的语法结构的需要（疑问句的句型结构）；二是起强调作用，把要强调部分放到句首，构成倒装句。总之，为了句子意义的需要，强调句子的某一内容，使上下文衔接紧密；或为了保持句子平衡而采用倒装语句。
Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927
中国解放军是在1927年组建的么 （疑问句结构，部分倒装）
Never have I been late for school this term.
这学期我上学从未迟到。（强调作用，部分倒装）
Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲出去了。（强调状语，全部倒装）
Away went the boy. 那个男孩走了。（强调状语，全部倒装）
1. 部分倒装
1）大部分疑问句（疑问词作主语或修饰主语时除外）
What are you going to be when you grow up
你长大后会成为什么样的人？
Who is going to be a teacher when you grow up （疑问词作主语不倒装）
你长大后谁当老师？
2）there be +主语
There is no room for compromise on this matter.
在这个问题上没有调和的余地。
There is one word too many in this sentence. 这个句子多了一个字。
3）so，neither，nor常用倒装句
He likes singing, so does she. 他喜欢唱歌，她也喜欢。
I never learned to swim and neither did they. 我从没学过游泳，他们也没有。
4）May表示祝愿时
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
May you continue in your effort and achieve new and greater success.
祝你继续努力，取得新的、更大的成绩。
5）though从句的转换形式
Child as he is, he can do the work well.
=Though he is a child, he can do the work well.
尽管他是个孩子，但他能把工作做好。
Young as she is, she knows a lot about computer.
= Though she is young, she knows a lot about computer.
虽然她很年轻，但对电脑了解很多。
2. 全部倒装
1）here, there置于句首，谓语是be，come，go，lie，live，sit，stand，rise，walk，run等表方位或转移的动词，且名词作主语时。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
2）out，in，up，down，away，off，back，now，then置于句首，名词作主语时。
Out rushed the boys. 男孩儿们冲出去了。
Away went the children. 孩子们走了
3）为保持句子平衡或强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衍接时，用完全倒装。
On top of the hill stands a tall tree. 山顶上有一棵大树。
Inside the pyramids are burial rooms. 金字塔里面是墓室。
Among them was Li Ping. 其中有李平。
3. 为了意义、强调、语法结构等的需要而使用倒装
1）为句子意义需要，强调某一内容，使上下文衔接紧密，保持句子平衡。
（1）句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，用到装。
句子谓语是go，come，run等表示位置的动词和be动词，句中又有表示方位的副词（如the re，here，up，down，out，in，away等），为了强调该副词，将其放句首，将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
Here comes the train to Beijing. 去北京的火车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Down came the rain. 下雨了。
（2）为了强调句中的状语或表语，保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
At the front of the hall sat the headmaster. 校长坐在大厅的前部。
In this paragraph can be found an answer. 在这段里能找到答案。
（3）为了强调only及其所修饰的状语（通常是副词、介词短语或从句），则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。
Only then did we realize that the man was blind.
直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。
（4）将含有否定意义的副词（never，seldom，not，not until，little，hardly等）置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装（修饰主语时除外）。
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
我刚到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开动了。
Not until he grew up did he realize he was wrong.
直到长大他才意识到自己错了。
Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.
一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。
（5）为了强调“not a+名词”或“not a single+名词”结构，将其置于句首时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。
Not a word did he say at the last meeting. 在上次会议上他一句话都没说。
（6）Hardly…when，no sooner…than，not only…but also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。
Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.
他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。
No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain. 我刚刚离开家就下雨了。
2）由于语法结构的需要而使用倒装
（1）“So+助动词+主语”是一种常用于对前面所说情况作简短回答的句型。
I was late and so was she. 我迟到了，她也迟到了。
They loves having a lots of friends，so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。
（2）“Neither/Nor + 助动词 +主语”用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法。
She won't go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不。
I cannot swim. Neither can he. 不会游泳，他也不会。
（3）当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或should等时，可以省略if，把助动词were，should，had提前，作部分或完全倒装。
Were I you, I would do that. 如果我是你，我就会那样做。
Had he succeeded, he would have acquired a monopoly
要是他当时成功了，他就会取得垄断地位。
Had you come yesterday，you would have seen him.
若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。
四、祈使句与反意疑问句
1. 祈使句
1) 祈使句的用法：祈使句又叫命令句，通常被用于表示命令、请求或禁止的语气。祈使句可用于表示邀请、建议、指路等。
Speak a little more slowly, please! 请讲慢一点。（表请求）
Don't play football on the road! 不要在公路上踢足球。（表禁止）
Get out! 滚出去！（表命令）
Have another moon cake, please.请再吃块月饼。（表邀请）
Be careful! It's dangerous.当心! 那很危险。（表警告）
Go along this road, and take the second turning on the right.
沿着这条路往前走，路右侧第二个路口就是。（表建议）
2）祈使句也可用来表条件，常用于“祈使句+and / or +陈述句”句型中。
Take more exercise and you'll feel healthy. 多锻炼身体，你就会身体健康。
Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快点，否则会迟到的。
2. 反意疑问句
1) 基本构成形式：“陈述句+简略的一般疑问句”
She often has lunch at schoo1, doesn't she？她常在学校吃午饭，不是吗
You don't likes ports，do you 你并不喜欢体育运动，是吗
使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则：
2）反意疑问句中问句部分的助动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即“肯定+否定”或“否定+肯定”。
You can't do it，can you 这事你做不了，是吗
They are late for the meeting, aren’t they 他们开会迟到了，不是吗
3）反意疑问句中问句部分的助动词与陈述部分的动词要对应一致。
He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he
他天天在家吃晚饭，不是吗 (不能用hasn't he )
They have known the matter, haven't they
他们已经知道了这件事，不是吗 (不能用don't they )
4）反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。
They will go to town soon，won't they
很快他们就要进城，不是吗 (不能用don't they 或aren't they )
He works very hard，doesn't he 他工作很努力，是吗 (不能用didn't he 或won't he )
5）反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-，im-，in-，dis-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义。问句部分用否定形式。
Your father is unhappy, isn’t he 你父亲不高兴，是吗 (不能用is he )
The man is dishonest，isn't he 那人不诚实，是吗 (不能用is he )
It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words，isn't it 不多记单词学好英语是不可能的，对吗 (不能用is it )
6）反意疑问句的陈述部分含有little，few，never，hardly，seldom等否定意义的副词时，问句部分用肯定形式。
She never tells a lie does she 她从来不说谎，是吗 (不用doesn't she )
He was seldom late，was he 他很少迟到，是吗 (不用wasn't he )
7）反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am…时，问句部分习惯上用aren't I 表示。
I am a very honest man，aren't I 我是一个老实人，不是吗
8）反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We) think(believe，suppose，consider)+that从句”时，问句部分的助动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。
I think出at he has done his best，hasn't he
我认为他已经尽力了，是这样的吗
We think that English is very useful，isn't it
我们认为英语很有用，是这样吗 (不用don't we )
9）反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We)don't think(believe, suppose, consider)+that从句”时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的助动词和主语仍与that从旬保持一致且用肯定形式。
I don't think that you cart do it，can you
我认为这事你干不了，你能干吗 (不用do I )
We don't believe that the news is true，is it
我们认为这消息不真实，是这样的吗 (不用do we )
10）反意疑问句的陈述部分为“非第一人称主语+think(believe，suppose，consider)+that从句”时，问句部分的助动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。
They all think that English is very important，don't they
他们都认为英语非常重要，是吗 (不用isn't it )
He didn't think that the news was true，did he
他认为这消息不真实，是吗 (不用wasn't／was it )
11）反意疑问句的陈述部分为“主语+said(told，reported, asked...) + that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。
They said that you had finished your work，didn't they
他们说你已经做完工作了，是吗 (不用hadn't you )
Kate told you that she would go there，didn't she
凯特告诉你她要去那儿，是吗 (不用wouldn't she )
【温馨提示】
（1）当反意疑问句是宾语从句，主语是第一人称时，反问的是从句。
We think they have finished their task, haven’t they
我们认为他们已完成了他们的任务，不是吗？
（2）当反意疑问句是宾语从句，主语是第二，三人称时，反问的是主句。
He thought that his wife had gone to the office. didn’t he
他认为他的妻子去办公室了，不是吗？
12）陈述部分的主语为不定代词something，anything，nothing，everything时，问句部分的主语常用it。
Something is wrong with the computer，isn't it 电脑出故障了，是吗
Nothing has happened to them, has it 他们没发生什么事，是吗
13）陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody (someone)，anybody (anyone)，nobody (no one)，everybody (everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或they，这时问句助动词的数应和he或they一致。
Someone has taken the seat, hasn't he 有人坐了这个座位了，是吗
Everyone has done their best in the game，haven't they
大家在游戏中都尽力了，是吗
14）陈述部分为Let me…时,问句部分习惯上用shall I或will you。
Let me have a try，shall I／will you 让我试一试，好吗
15）陈述部分为Let us…时,问句部分习惯上用will you。
Let us stop to rest，will you 我们停下来休息一下好吗
16）陈述部分为Let's…时。问句部分习惯上用shall we。
Let's go home together，shall we 咱们一块儿回家好吗
17）陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you表示请求，用won't you表示委婉请求或邀请。
Do sit down，won't you／will you 坐下来好不好
You feed the bird today，will you 今天你把鸟儿喂一下好吗
Please open the window, will you／won't you 请把窗户打开一下好吗
18）陈述部分为否定祈使句时。问句部分一般用will you。
Don't make any noise，will you 别吵了好不好
19）陈述部分为“There(Here)+be+主语”时，问句部分用“动词+there(here)”。
There are two cakes on the plate，aren't there 盘子上有两个蛋糕，是吗
Here is a story about Mark Twain，isn't here 这是个关于马克·吐温的故事，是吗
20）陈述部分为“had better+动词原形”表示建议时。问句部分用"hadn't +主语”。
You'd better ten him about the matter，hadn't you
你最好还是把那件事告诉他一下．好吗
We had better do it by ourselves，hadn't we
我们最好还是自己做这件事，行吗
21）陈述部分为"used to+主语”时，问句部分用"didn't+主语”或"usedn't +主语”。
He used to live in the country，didn't he／usedn't he
他以前是住在乡下的，是吗
They used to be good friends，didn't they／usedn't they
他们曾是好朋友，不是吗
22）陈述部分为“must(may, might)+have +V-ed"表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间状语。问句部分助动词用过去时。
He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday，didn't he
他可能昨天把钢笔忘在教室里了，对吧 (不用mightn't he／hasn't he )
You must have got up late this morning，didn't you
你今天早上一定起床晚了，是吗 (不用mustn't you／haven't you )
23）陈述部分为“must(may，might)+have+V-ed"表示推测时。若句中没有带明显的过去时间状语。问句部分助动词用现在完成时形式。
Everyone must have known the death of the waitress，haven’t they
大家一定知道了女招待的死讯，是吗 (不用mustn't they )
You must have worked there, haven't you
你以前一定是在那里干过，对吗 (不用mustn't you／didn't you )
24）陈述部分的主语为从句时。问句部分的主语一般用it代替。
What he said is true，isn't it
他所说的话是真的，对吗 (不用didn't he )
Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet，has it
我们将在哪里修大坝还没有定下来，是吗 (不用won't we )
25）陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时。问句的主语用it代替。
To do one good deed is easy for a person，isn't it
一个人做一件好事并不难，是吗
Skating is your favorite sport，isn’t it 滑冰是你最喜欢的运动，是吗
附：
1．英语主要的五种基本句型
1）S + V（主语——动词）
The baby laughed and laughed. 婴儿笑啊笑。
The sun raise in the east . 太阳从东方升起。
2）S + V + O（主语—动词—宾语）
She loves them very much.她很爱他们。
We can't find the owner.我们找不到失主。
3）S + V + P（主语—连系动词—表语）
He is a Chinese boy. 他是一个中国孩子。
The all look fine. 他们看起来都很好。
4）S + V + IO + DO（主语—动词—间接宾语—直接宾语）
She bought me a pen. 她给我买了一只钢笔。
I wish you a happy birthday. 我祝你生日快乐！
5）S + V + O + C（主语—动词—宾语—宾语补足语）
She named her baby John. 她给孩子取名叫约翰。
Have you got everything ready 你们一切都准备好了吗？
2．根据使用目的分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
1）陈述句 用以肯定或否定一件事情或看法的叙述性句子叫陈述句。句末用句号，读时用降调。陈述句结构是：主语+助动词+实义动词+宾语。
2）疑问句 用来提问的句子叫疑问句，句末用问号。疑问句主要有四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
（1）一般疑问句 陈述句的谓语动词是动词be或have，构成一般疑问句时只须颠倒主语和动词的语序。一般疑问句结构是：助动词+主语+实义动词+宾语。
（2）特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是以疑问代词 (who, whom, what, which)、疑问形容词 (which, what, whose) 或疑问副词 (when, where, how, why) 开头。如果疑问代词是问句的主语或以“疑问形容词+名词”为问句的主语，这个问句就用正常的陈述句语序。
Who is your teacher 谁是你的老师？
Which team won the championship 哪个队赢得了冠军？
（3）选择疑问句 选择疑问句是要求从所提出的两个或多个项目中选择一个答案。
（4）反意疑问句 反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一，它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句构成的，基本构成形式是“陈述句+简略的一般疑问句”。
3）祈使句 祈使句作为这四大类型之一，有其特有的用法和表达形式。
【强化训练】
I. 单项选择
1. --Did Linda see the traffic accident
--No, no sooner ______ than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——琳达看到交通事故了吗？——没有，她刚一走，事故就发生了。no sooner … than …意为“一……就……”，no sooner从句中的谓语要用过去完成时，than从句中的谓语要用一般过去时。以no sooner开头的句子需要倒装。故选择答案A。
2. Lying about _________.
A. the floor is on books and magazines
B. on the floor books and magazines are
C. are books and magazines on the floor
D. on the floor are books and magazines
【答案】D
【解析】句意：地板上摆满了书和杂志。为了使句子结构平衡，或让上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。只有答案D符合语法要求；故选择答案D。
3. ________ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【答案】B
【解析】句意：正是因为我们迟到了，他才比平时晚了一个小时供应晚餐。此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late. 而实际上，此题强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 注意，强调句的一个显著特点是：若去掉强调结构 it is (was)… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。故选择答案B。
4. It was with the help of the local guide ___________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A. who B. when C. that D. how
【答案】C
【解析】句意：登山者是在当地向导的帮助下获救的。强调句，所强调的是with the help of the local guide。故选答案C。
5.（It is he or you _______ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually .
A. who is B. that is C. who are D. whom are
【答案】C
【解析】句意：是你还是他负责这个工作都应该准时完成？这是强调句的一般疑问句，强调的是人（he or you），连接词既可以用 that，也可以用who；由or连接两个以上主语时，动词与最接近的主语一致。所以排除A、B；whom在从句中作宾语，此处是做主语，所以排除D。因此选择C。
6. It is you rather than he who _______ deliver a speech in the meeting tonight.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：是你而不是他今晚要发表演讲。此句中有强调句式，被强调的主语是you rather than he，谓语动词be going to，主谓语之间遵循就远原则，谓语动词与you一致。所以排除A、C；根据主句is可知用一般现在时态；故使用are going to。选择B。
7. _________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. only if；will you B. Only if；you will
C. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你只有吃正确的食物，才能保持健康。only if（只有），only+状语结构放在句首时，句子用倒装语序，表示强调。故选择答案A。
8. _________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Will have been working D. Had worked
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果你被解雇，你的医疗保障和其他利益不会立即停掉。与将来事实相反，相当于if you should be fired，省略了if，并且倒装（当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首）。故选择答案B。
9. It was when she was about to go to bed _________ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她正要睡觉时，电话铃响了。这也是一个强调句，被强调成分为是时间状语从句when she was about to go to bed，根据强调句型的结构，It was+被强调部分+that…，所以选择that。故选择答案C。
10. There _________. I'll answer it。
A. the phone goes B. the phone has gone
C. goes the phone D. has gone the phone
【答案】C
【解析】句意：电话响了。我会接的。表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首时，为使生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。选择C。
11. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是省略if，同时把were /should /had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...。所以，选B。
12. Seldom __________ video games ever since they entered college.
A. they have played B. they played
C. have they played D. they have played
【答案】C
【解析】句意：自从上大学以来，他们很少玩电子游戏。seldom位于句首，句子要倒装，而且句中有since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。选答案C。
13. —How can I wake up so early
—Set the alarm for 5:00 am.,　　 you will make it.
【答案】and
【解析】 句意：——我怎么样才能醒那么早呢 ——把闹钟设定在早上5点钟,你就可以了。该句是“祈使句+and/or+一般将来时态的陈述句”的固定句型。此处的祈使句相当于if 引导的条件状语从句（此时去掉and/or)；or或and后的分句表示结果，and表顺承递进关系，or 表转折关系，意为“否则、要不然的话”。前后两分句是顺承关系。所以，填and。
14. ________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. only if；will you B. Only if；you will
C. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你只有吃的食物正确，才能保持健康。only if（只有），only+状语结构放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序。故选择答案A。
15. It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型。可还原验证一下：本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。所以，选D。
16. Look, _________ that bookshop I was telling you about.
A. there is B. is there C. there will be D. will be there
【答案】D
【解析】句意：瞧，我告诉你的就是那家书店。在there be / seem / appear / live / stand / lie / fly / exist / remain等存在句中，需要把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前，构成全部倒装。所以选择答案为A。
17. —Have you searched the kitchen for your car key
—No. It was in the study I remember I left it.
【答案】that
【解析】。句意：——你已经在客厅里找钥匙了吗？——没找到。我记得我把它落在了书房了。考查强调句。去掉It was和该空之后，剩余部分可组合成一个完整句子：I remember I left it in the study。根据强调句的判断依据可确定是一个强调句。所以，填that。
18. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果明天下雨，我们就不得不推迟参观杨浦大桥。这个句子在没有省略前应该是if it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 所表达的是明天很可能会下雨，我们只好推迟参观杨浦大桥这个活动。当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。故选择答案B。
19. So much of interest __________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all．
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers
C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
【答案】C
【解析】句意：北京旅游景点如此多，以至于游客根本没有时间能够游玩完所有的地方。考查固定句式运用于倒装句。so… that…意为“如此……以至于……”。根据语法规则当so… that…结构中的so + adj./adv．位于句首时，主句要引起部分倒装，所以排除A、B、D三项。故选择答案C。
20. _________ many tall buildings in our school and ________ a large wheat field in front of it.
A. There stand；there lays B. Stand there；there lies
C. There stand；there lies D. There stand；lies there
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们学校里耸立着许多高楼，校门口是一大片麦田。先排除A选项，lays是产卵、摆、放的单数第三人称；在there be / seem / appear / live / stand / lie / fly / exist / remain等存在句中，需要把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前，构成全部倒装；故选择答案C。
II. 综合练习：短文改错
I still remembered I helped one of my classmates with his English one years ago. Li Hua, one of my classmates, who was not good at English while I did well. One day, she asked me to help him. So from now on, whenever he had problems, he would ask me, but I was patient to explain them to him. Slowly, his English improved under my help. At same time, I found my English improved too. As the saying goes, “roses giving, fragrance in hand.” Actual, helping others is helping ourselves.
【答案与解析】
1.remembered改成remember 考查动词时态。此处表示我现在还记得一年前发生的事，指现在的行为用一般现在时，故remembered改成remember。
2.years改成year 考查名词。表示“一年”，名词用单数，是one year。故years改成year。
3.去掉who 考查句子结构。句中Li hua是主语，was是其系动词，组成主系表结构，其中不包含定语从句。故去掉who。
4.she改成he 考查代词。根据下文中he had problems, he would ask me和his English等信息可知李华是男孩。故she改成he。
5. now改成then 考查固定短语。此处指李华让我帮忙学英语，从那以后他经常问我问题。from now on “从现在起”，“从那时起”是from then on。故now改成then。
6.but改成and 考查连词。句意：李华无论什么时候有问题都会问我，我会耐心给他讲解。前后句是顺承关系，不是转折。故but改成and。
7.under改成with 考查介词。表示“在某人的帮助下”是with one’s help,介词用with，故under改成with.。
8.At改成the 考查介词短语。句意：慢慢地，在我的帮助下，他的英语有了提高。同时，我的英语也得到提高。“同时”是at the same time,故At后加the。
9.giving改成given 考查过去分词。此处表示赠人玫瑰手有余香，roses和give是被动关系，指玫瑰被给，用过去分词表示被动意义，故giving改成given。
10. Actual改成Actually 考查副词。表示“事实上，实际上”单独作状语用副词，故Actual改成Actually。
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