(共78张PPT)
灯
单元知识抢先知
素养目标
必记单词
(主题语境：人与社会之人际交往)
文化意识
awkward
sight
重点短语
了解人际关系的
original
medium
特点：学会识别和建立
chat
recover
on the rocks
经典句型
健康的人际关系。
respond
judge
out of one's sight
apologize
behaviour
social media
1.whether...on
思维品质
case
trick
make it
引导让步状语
核心
用科学的方式分析
ignore
suffer
at a loss
人际关系的特点；运用
misunderstand
contact
in the wrong
从句
语法
适当的方法解决本单元
in any case
generous
explode
2.动词不定式作
count on
的学习问题：结合现实
由关系代
shallow
blog
eal away al
表语
生活，体会应该怎祥建
词引导的
theme
quality
come between...and ..
立健康的人际关系。
3.t作形式主语
basis
respect
in person
限制性定
学习能力
cfficicnt
mcasurc
high point
4.as引导原因状
语从句
reflection
seek
through thick and thin
熟练运用本单元词
语从句
in one's opinion
汇和语言现象；根据本
cscapc
benefit
get over
5.主语+及物动
话题
单元内容适当调整学习
comfort
joy
bring out
failure
indeed
词+t+宾语补
写作
策略；学会如何正确对
smooth ouf
death
待人际关系。
recognize
be meant to do sth
足语+真正的
company
crowd
take on
写一篇
语言能力
宾语
poet
admire
in full mcasurc
交友日记
单元
题导入
国题围
Amy's best friend
The beginning
1.broke her heart
of the incident
last Saturday.
Amy's friend 2.chatting
The story goes
Friendship
with another girl made
like that
on the
Amy so angry.
rocks:
This friendship is worth
please
Cindy's
3.saving and Amy should
advise！
opinion
not be so quick to 4.judge
her friend.
Talk to Amy's friend and
David's
decide whether their friendship
opinion
is still 5,important to her.Welcome to the unit & Reading
The Value of Friendship
Friendship is both a source of pleasure and a part of good health.People who have close friends naturally enjoy their company.Of equal importance are the emotional benefits they get.
When something amazing happens to you, sharing the happiness of the occasion with friends doubles your joy. On the other hand, in times of trouble and tension and when our spirits are low, talking about our worries and fears with friends lightens the stress.Moreover, we may even get some good suggestions for solving our problems.
From time to time, we are insensitive (漠不关心的) and behave in a way that hurts someone's feelings.Afterward, when we feel guilty and discouraged, friends can reassure us. This positive interaction is therapeutic (有益于放松精神的), and much less expensive than visits to a psychologist.
Adolescence (青春期) and old age are the two stages in our lives when the need for friendship is crucial (关键的). In the former stage, teens are plagued by uncertainty and mixed feelings. In the latter stage, older people are upset by feelings of uselessness and insignificance.In both instances, friends can make a dramatic difference. With close friends in their lives, people develop courage and positive attitudes.
Throughout life, we depend on small groups of people for love，admiration，respect, support, and help. Almost everyone has a “network” of friends：co workers, neighbours, and schoolmates.
The environment and the people are always changing, and friendship is a necessary part of having a healthy and rewarding life.
[阅读理解]阅读文章，回答下面的问题。1．What does talking about our worries and fears with friends do when we are in low spirits It lightens the stress.2．What is true friendship in your opinion？(The answer may vary.) [词汇积累]1．emotional adj. 情感上的2．occasion n. 场合3．double vt. 加倍4．moreover adv. 而且5．admiration n. 钦佩6．respect n. 尊敬
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
2 awkward adj. 局促不安的；令人
尴尬的；难对付的；
笨拙的
②primary school student 小学生
junior middle school student 初中生
senior high school student 高中生
③be willing to do sth 愿意做某事
be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事
④make friends with sb 和某人交朋友
⑤whether ...or ... 不管是……还是……
whether ...or not ... 不管是否……
⑥hang out 闲逛
hang around/about 等待；闲荡
hang on 不挂断电话
hang up 挂断电话
⑦sight n. 视野；视力；看见
out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线
in sight 看得见
⑧break one's heart 伤透了某人的心
⑨pick up the pieces 收拾残局；
重整旗鼓
⑩original adj. 起初的；独创的；
原作的
originally adv. 起初；原来
origin n. 起源，由来
post a message 发布信息
medium n. (pl.media)
传播信息的媒介，
方法；手段，工具
adj. 中等的，中号的
on social media 在社交媒体上
make it 能够出席；准时
到达；获得成功
café n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆
in a café 在咖啡馆里
recover vi. 恢复健康；
恢复常态
vt. 全额收回；
寻回；重新获得；
恢复，重新控制
recovery n. 恢复，复原，
痊愈；收回
have fun＝have a good time 玩得开心
Friendship on the rocks: please advise!
Amy
Monday 12/10 9：13 p．m.
My best friend and I have been close for eight years.When I was an awkward①primary school student②， she was the popular girl who was willing to③ make friends with④ me.[1] Since then, a close friendship has grown between us and she's been almost like a sister to me.[2] Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or⑤ just hanging out⑥at the weekend [3], we're hardly out of each other's sight⑦.But last Saturday, she broke my heart⑧， and I'm still picking up the pieces⑨.
[1]本句是主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the popular girl。
[2]“since＋时间点”常与现在完成时连用。
[3]whether ... or ...引导让步状语从句。
Our original⑩ plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.[4] But in the morning, my friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold [5]. When I called her, she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema.“Don't worry，” I said. “Get some rest.We can wait till you get better.”
[4]本句是简单句。不定式短语to see a film at the cinema作表语。
[5]现在分词短语saying she had a cold作后置定语；she had a cold省略了that的宾语从句。
Today, however, I received a horrible surprise.A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon.How stupid I was! [6]My friend's “illness” was a complete lie! Instead of recoveringat home, she was out having fun with someone else.
[6]本句是how引导的感叹句。基本结构是：How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语(be)！,濒临破裂的友谊：请给予建议
艾米
星期一 10月12日
下午9：13
我和我最好的朋友已经交往八年了。当我还是一个笨拙的小学生时，她就是那个愿意和我交朋友的受欢迎的女孩。从那时起，我们之间建立了一种亲密的友谊，她对我来说就像我的姐妹一样。不管我们是步行去上学、做作业，还是只是在周末闲逛，我们几乎都不会离开对方的视线。但上周六，她伤透了我的心，我还在收拾残局。
那天下午，我们的原计划是在电影院看电影。但在早上，我的朋友在社交媒体上发了一条消息说她感冒了。当我打电话给她时，她说她可能去不了电影院了。“别担心，”我说。“休息一下。我们可以等到你好起来再去。”
然而，今天我非常吃惊。一位同学告诉我，她星期六下午看到我的朋友在咖啡馆里和另一个女孩聊天。我是多么愚蠢啊！我的朋友“生病”完全是个谎言！她不是在家恢复健康，而是在外边和别人玩得很开心。
respond vi.& vt. 回答，回应；
作出反应，响应
respond to 对……作出回
答，反应
at a loss 不知所措，困惑
be worth doing ... 值得做……
judge vt.& vi. 评价，(尤指)批 评；判断，认为
n. 法官；裁判员
judging from ... 根据……来判断
in the wrong 有错，应承担责任
apologize vi. 道歉；谢罪
apology n. 道歉；歉意
in any case 无论如何， 不管怎样
in no case 决不
trick vt. 欺骗，欺诈
n. 诡计，花招；戏法
play tricks on 欺骗，愚弄
be tricked by 被……欺骗
let go of 放弃，摒弃； 松手，放开
ignore vt. 忽视，对…… 不予理会
ignorance n. 无知，愚昧
ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的
suffer vi. 受苦，受折磨； 变差
vt. 遭受，蒙受
suffer from 患……病； 受……之苦
suffering n. 痛苦，苦难,
I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don't feel like responding to any of her online messages. [7] The stress of this situation is killing me, and I'm at a loss what to do next.
[7]本句是主从复合句。so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
Cindy
Monday 12/10 9：52 p．m.
I'm so sorry! But this friendship is worth saving: eight years is a long time! Don't be so quick to judge your friend.Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants to apologize， or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour. In any case， find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.Listen to what she has to say, and be sure to explain how you feel.[8] I'm sure you can solve this problem together.
[8]本句是两个并列的祈使句。Listen to 和be sure to explain作并列谓语，并分别接一个what和how引导的宾语从句。
David
Tuesday 13/10 8：11 p．m.
I definitely understand how you feel.I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot.When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship.I know you value your friendship and want your friend to value it equally.However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer， it's time to rethink your relationship.Talk to her and decide whether this friendship is still important to you.It's sad to move on, but you have to accept that friends come and go in life. [9]
[9]本句是由but连接的并列句。前一分句It是形式主语，代替后面真正的主语to move on；后一分句中that引导宾语从句。, 我如此生气以至于在学校里整天躲着她，并且我仍然不想回复她的任何线上信息。我快被这种情况压垮了，我不知道下一步该怎么做。
辛迪
星期一 10月12日
下午9：52
我很抱歉！但是这份友谊值得挽回：八年时间可不短！别这么快就评判你的朋友。也许她知道自己错了，想要道歉，或者她也许会对自己的行为有一个简单的解释。无论如何，找个机会和她深入、坦诚地谈一谈。听她说什么，并且一定要解释你的感受。我相信你们能一起解决这个问题。
戴维
星期二 10月13日
下午8：11
我完全理解你的感受。我也有一个我非常信任的朋友。当我发现自己被他骗了时，我真的很受伤，放弃了我们的友谊。我知道你珍惜你的友谊，希望你的朋友同样地珍惜它。然而，如果你的朋友忽视你的感受或者让你痛苦，那就要重新考虑你们的关系了。和她谈谈，决定这段友谊对你是否仍然重要。继续前进是让人难过的，但你不得不接受生活中朋友的来来去去。
Step One：Pre reading
Teenagers may have difficulty maintaining their friendships, so what is true friendship Share your opinions.
Some people think friends are people whom they can play with, and others believe true friendship lies in similar interests. However, in my opinion，“A friend in need is a friend indeed.” True friendship can encourage you when you are in difficulty. True friends can give you warnings against danger. True friends not only share with you your joy and happiness, but also your trouble and anxiety. When you need him, he will give you a hand and spare no effort.
Step Two: While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
The text mainly tells us .
A．how to turn to others for help
B．how to make friends with others
C．how to have a talk with your best friend
D．how to deal with the friendship on the rocks
答案：D
Ⅱ.Read for details
A．Read the passage carefully and decide whether the statements are True (T) or False (F)．
1．Amy and Cindy have been best friends for eight years.(F)
2．In fact, Amy's best friend had a cold.(F)
3．Amy and her best friend had intended to go to see a film.(T)
4．Amy's best friend stayed in a café on Saturday afternoon with another girl.(T)
5．Amy feels stressed after receiving the horrible surprise.(F)
B．Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What does Amy think of her best friend before
A．She used to be the most popular girl at the primary school.
B．She was once an awkward primary school student.
C．She refused to make friends with Amy at one time.
D．She liked to stay with Amy every day.
2．What had Amy and her best friend planned to do that afternoon
A．See a film. B．Hang out.
C．Do homework. D．Have a good rest.
3．Why did Amy feel surprised after hearing what her classmate said
A．Her classmate became friends with her best friend.
B．Her classmate chatted with her best friend.
C．Her best friend should have a cold.
D．Her best friend should cheat her.
4．What did Cindy advise Amy to do
A．To let go of their friendship.
B．To try best to save the friendship.
C．To ignore her best friend's explanation.
D．To avoid responding to her best friend's messages.
答案：1～4 DADB
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post reading
Ⅰ.阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amy and her best friend 1.have been (be) close for eight years.They planned to see a film, but her best friend told her that she had 2. a cold.However, Amy's classmate found her 3.chatting (chat) with another girl in a café. Amy felt she 4.was cheated (cheat)．She was so angry 5.that she avoided her friend during school all day, and still doesn't feel like 6.responding (respond) to any of her online messages. The stress of this situation is killing Amy, and she is at a loss what 7.to do (do) next. Cindy advised Amy to do her best to save the friendship by having a full talk with her friend 8.frankly (frank). However, David advised Amy to let go of 9.their (they) friendship if she really felt 10.hurt (hurt)．
Ⅱ.Discussion
Imagine your friend has lied to you. How would you respond？(The answer may vary.)
参考答案：1.Maintain your friendship.
2．End your friendship.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1．When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.
[句式分析]
When I was an awkward primary school student, she was
when引导时间状语从句
the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.
先行词 who引导定语从句
[尝试翻译] 当我还是一个笨拙的小学生时，她就是那个愿意和我交朋友的受欢迎的女孩。
2．Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.
[句式分析]
Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants to apologize，
宾语从句
or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.
or连接并列句
[尝试翻译] 也许她知道自己错了，想要道歉，或者她也许会对自己的行为有一个简单的解释。
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．feel a little awkward 稍感尴尬
2．catch sight of 看见
3．different medium 不同的媒介
4．horrible stories 可怕的故事
5．chat applications 聊天软件
6．a British judge 一位英国法官
7．heart disease cases 心脏病病例
8．contact information 联系信息
9．generous spirit 慷慨的精神
10．His original idea was about the origin of human beings. In his opinion, man originated from wolves. (origin)
11．He gained weight after recovery (recover) from his illness.
12．What do you think of the host's behaviour (behave) at the stage that day
13．I'll apologize to Mary in spite of the fact that she will not accept my apology.(apologize)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
1．以 y结尾的名词
recover vi.复原，恢复健康 vt.重新获得，恢复→recovery n．康复
discover vt.发现，发觉 vi.发现→discovery n．发现，发觉
2．“人物特点”的形容词集锦
①generous慷慨的 ②mean吝啬的；自私的
③easy going随和的 ④confident有信心的
⑤devoted有献身精神的 ⑥warm hearted热心肠的
⑦determined意志坚定的 ⑧honest诚实的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．After we make it (准时到达) to the peak, we will have a picnic.
2．If you go to England, you'll soon pick up (学会) English.
3．I dare not let the children out of my sight (脱离我的视线) in this park.
4．Like all girls of my age, I like to hang out (闲逛) with my friends at malls or theaters.
5．I moved to German in 2010 and I have studied in German school since then (自从那时)．
6．There's no point complaining now — we're leaving tomorrow in any case (无论如何)．
Ⅲ.典型句式
1.
教材原句 Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight.不管我们是步行上学、做作业还是只是在周末闲逛，我们几乎都不会离开对方的视线。
句式分析 whether ... or ...引导让步状语从句
佳句仿写 Whether she likes it or not, I must go now.不管她是否高兴，我现在必须走。
2.
教材原句 Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.那天下午，我们的原计划是在电影院看电影。
句式分析 动词不定式作表语
佳句仿写 It is said that our plan is to finish the work next week.据说我们的计划是下周完成这项工作。
3.
教材原句 It's sad to move on, but you have to accept that friends come and go in life. 继续前进是令人悲伤的，但你必须接受生活中朋友的来来去去。
句式分析 it作形式主语，不定式to move on作真正的主语
佳句仿写 It needs much effort for us new employees to complete the program on time.按时完成这项计划对我们新员工来说需要很大的努力。
1．sight n．视野；视力；看见
(教材p.30)Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight.
不管我们是步行去上学、做作业，还是只是在周末闲逛，我们几乎都不会离开对方的视线。
lose sight of 看不见
catch sight of 看见
in sight 看得见
out of sight 看不见
come into sight 进入视野；映入眼帘
at first sight 乍一看；初次见到
at the sight of ... 一看见……
(经典佳句)The old man stood there until the plane was out of sight.
那位老人站在那儿一直到飞机消失在视野中。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①They fell in love at first sight, and three months later, they got married.
②At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of sight.
[写美] 一句多译
刚才我看见了我以前的老师，但是他在拐角处转弯了，我就看不见他了。
③My former teacher came into my sight just now, but he turned at a corner and he was out of sight.
④I caught sight of my former teacher just now, but he turned at a corner and I lost sight of him.
2．original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的
(教材p.30)Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.
那天下午，我们的原计划是在电影院看电影。
(1)have one's origin(s) in 起源于
by origin 依据血缘；从血缘来看
in origin 本质上；从起源上看
origin of ... ……的起源
(2)originate vi. 开始，发源
originally adv. 原来，起初
(经典佳句)Our original plan was overtaken by events and we had to make a new one.
我们原来的计划没赶上变化，只好再订一个新的。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I think you should go back to your original (origin) plan.
②Originally (original), we had intended to go to Italy, but then we decided to go to Greece.
[写美] 补全句子
③He thinks it is better to read the original work than to see the film based on it.
他认为读原著比看由原著改编的电影更好。
3．make it能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
(教材p.30)When I called her, she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema.
当我打电话给她时，她说她可能去不了电影院了。
make out 弄清楚
make up 组成；编造
make up for 弥补
(经典佳句)He hadn't been able to make it to the dinner party hosted by our company.
他没能如约参加我们公司举办的晚宴。
[练透] 写出下列句中make it的汉语意思
①The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.获得成功
②The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we'll never make it.准时到达
③I'm sorry I didn't make it to your party last Sunday.能够出席
[写美] 补全句子
④She doesn't have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with hard work.
她没有音乐天赋，但她用努力学习弥补了她的不足。
4．judge vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为n.法官；裁判员
(教材p.31)Don't be so quick to judge your friend.
别这么快就评判你的朋友。
(1)judge ...by/from ... 根据……判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断
(2)judging by/from ... 从……来判断
(3)judgement n. 判断力；意见，看法
make a judgement on 对……做出评价
in one's judgement 在某人看来
(经典佳句)You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.
你还需要判断你动机的质量和深度。
[名师点津] judging from/by ...意为“从……来判断”，常放在句首作状语，其形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。
[练透] 补全句子
①You must judge a person by his actions, not by what he says.
你判断一个人必须根据其行动，不应根据他所说的话。
②Judging by/from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
根据她的上封信来判断，他们过得非常愉快。
[写美] 一句多译
据我判断，第二个人更诚实一些。
③As far as I can judge, the second person is more honest.(judge)
④In my judgement, the second person is more honest.(judgement)
5．apologize vi.道歉，谢罪
(教材p.31)Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.
也许她知道自己错了，想要道歉，或者她也许会对自己的行为有一个简单的解释。
(1)apologize to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉
make an apology to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉
(经典佳句) I must apologize to you for having kept you waiting so long.
让你等了这么久，我为此向你表示歉意。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Harry apologized to his teacher for coming to school late.
②You need to make an apology (apologize) to the teacher for being late for class.
[写美] 句型转换
③I think Tom should apologize to Jane for what he said.
→I think Tom should make an apology to Jane for what he said.
6．behaviour n．行为，举止，态度
behave v． 举动；(举止或行为)表现
behave well/badly (to/towards sb) 对……表现好/差
behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌；行为规矩
(经典佳句) The manager apologized for his bad behaviour towards the customers.
这个经理为对顾客的不好行为道歉。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①She is very satisfied with her son's good behaviour (behave)．
②The police warned that if he behaved badly to/towards his parents, he would be punished.
[写美] 补全句子
③She always behaves well when her aunt comes to visit her.
她姨妈来看望她时，她总是表现得很好。
④The woman asked her son to behave himself at the party.
这个妇女让儿子在聚会上表现得体一些。
7．in any case无论如何，不管怎样
(教材p.31)In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.
无论如何，找个机会和她深入、坦诚地谈一谈。
in most cases 在多数情况下
in that/this case 在那种/这种情况下
in case (of) 万一，以防
in no case 决不(位于句首时，句子用倒装语序)
(经典佳句)There's no point complaining now—we are leaving tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样我们明天都要离开。
[名师点津] case作先行词且在定语从句中作地点状语时，常用where引导定语从句。
Can you think of a case which the word is properly used？(×)
Can you think of a case where the word is properly used？(√ )
[练透] 补全句子
①Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow in case I forget.
请明天再次提醒我关于开会的事，以防我忘了。
②In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.
在那种情况下，尽快亲自去道歉。
[写美] 一句多译
在任何情况下你都不要忘了你是高一的学生。
③You shouldn't forget you are a Senior One student in any case.
④In no case should you forget you are a Senior One student.(倒装句)
8．trick vt.欺骗，欺诈n.诡计，花招；戏法
(教材p.31)When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship.
当我发现我被他骗了时，我真的很受伤，放弃了我们的友谊。
(1)trick sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
trick sb out of sth 从某人处骗走某物
(2)play a trick/tricks on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
(经典佳句)There is no doubt that some advertisements trick the customers into buying their products.
毫无疑问，有些广告哄骗顾客去买它们的产品。
[练透] 写出下列句中trick的汉语意思
①The naughty boy loves playing tricks on others.恶作剧
②Her tears were just a trick to cheat others.诡计，花招
③Nobody understood how he did the card tricks.戏法
④They tricked him into buying the old machine.欺骗
[写美] 补全句子
⑤It is a western customs to play tricks on others on April Fool's Day.
在愚人节那天对他人进行恶作剧是西方的一个传统。
9．ignore vt.忽视，对……不予理会
(教材p.31)However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it's time to rethink your relationship.
然而，如果你的朋友忽视你的感受或者让你痛苦，那就要重新考虑你们的关系了。
(1)ignore one's advice 忽视某人的建议
ignore traffic rules 无视交通规则
(2)ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的
be ignorant of/about 不知道……
(3)ignorance n. 无知
(经典佳句)He ignored all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.
他无视所有“禁止吸烟”的警示，点燃了香烟。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance (ignore) of world history.
②This is not a serious problem, so it can be ignored (ignore)．
③The old man was totally ignorant (ignore) of what had happened outside.
[写美] 补全句子
④To his surprise, some teenagers are ignorant of/about some basic living skills.
令他惊讶的是，一些青少年对一些基本的生活技能一无所知。
10．suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差vt.遭受，蒙受
(1)suffer from (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤
等)受苦，受折磨
suffer stress/losses 承受压力/遭受损失
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦难
(3)sufferer n. 患病者；受难者
(经典佳句)The gas price dropped sharply, and many countries suffered great losses.
油价急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。
[练透] 补全句子
①As far as I know, he has ever suffered from a serious illness.
据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings during the war.
据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。
[写美] 句式升级
③The soldier often helped those who had suffered a great loss in the earthquake.
→The soldier often helped those suffering a great loss in the earthquake. (用非谓语动词改写)
11．contact vt.& n．联系；联络
(教材p.33)Then I got a call from a friend whom I hadn't contacted for a long time.
后来我接到一个很久没有联系的朋友的电话。
keep eye contact 保持眼神交流
lose contact with 与……失去联系
keep/stay in contact with 与……保持联系
get in/make contact with 与……取得联系
(经典佳句)Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
如有任何疑问请尽管和我联系。
[练透] 补全句子
①Though they all live nearby, I lost contact with them really quickly.
虽然他们都住在附近，我真地很快就与他们失去了联系。
②Please smile and keep eye contact when you greet the guests.
当你问候客人时，请微笑并保持眼神交流。
③After the divorce, their father still kept/stayed in close contact with the boys.
离婚后，他们的父亲仍和儿子们保持着密切联系。
[写美] 补全句子
④I'll get in/make contact with you once I have more information.
一旦有了更多信息，我就会与你联系。
句型公式：whether ... or ... 无论……还是……，引导让步状语从句
(教材p.30)Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight.
不管我们是步行去上学、做作业，还是只是在周末闲逛，我们几乎都不会离开对方的视线。
(1)whether ... or ...无论……还是……，不管……还是……，常引导让步状语从句。
(2)whether ... or ...也可引导名词性从句作主语、宾语或表语。
(3)whether可以和or not连用。
(经典佳句)Whether it rains or not, I shall go out for an outing tomorrow.
不管下不下雨，我明天都要去郊游。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Whether we stay or not makes no difference.
②We're debating whether or not to go skiing this weekend.
[写美] 补全句子
③We don't know whether this accident happened by accident or by design.
我们不知道这场事故是个意外还是有意为之。
④What I want to know is whether or not you have lost faith in it.
我想知道的是你对这件事是否失去了信心。
PAGE
19(共35张PPT)
灯
国题围
定义
复合句中修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句
1.who指人，在从句中作主语、宾语
由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
关系代
2.whom指人，在从句中作宾语
词的基
本用法
3.which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语
4.hat指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语
5.whose指人或物，在从句中作定语
1.先行词为不定代词
关系词只
用hat不
2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
用which
3.先行词被the very,the only等修饰
的情况
4.先行词既指人又指物Grammar and usage
由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
?探究发现
1．When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.
2．I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot.
3．Then I got a call from a friend whom I hadn't contacted for a long time.
4．A collocation is a group of words which commonly appear together.
5．A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.
6．Social media like blogs have come between us and the friends whom we love.
7．A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
8．A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just the face that we show to the world.
9．Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.
10．“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.
11．“Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection which we share.
[我的发现]
(1)句1、句5、句8前半句中的定语从句中，都使用了关系代词who，在定语从句中作主语。
(2)句2、句3、句6中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom，在定语从句中作宾语。此时，可用who替换。
(3)句7中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作定语；关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物。
(4)句8后半句、句9中的定语从句使用了关系代词that。
(5)句4、句10、句11中的定语从句使用了关系代词which，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。
(6)从上面十一个句子可以看出，关系代词who/whom常用来指代人；关系代词which常用来指代事物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物；关系代词whom只能用来表示人的宾格；关系代词whose用来表示人或物的所有格。
语法图解 单元语法·一图贯通
语法突破 语境理解·合作探究
一、定语从句的定义
1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2．关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose等)和关系副词(when, where, why)两类。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1．who的用法
[观察]
The children who were injured in the car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。
Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
[归纳]
2．whom的用法
[观察]
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
[归纳]
3．which的用法
[观察]
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.
桂林是座有2 000年历史的城市。
The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn't work now.
他昨天买的那个收音机坏了。
[归纳]
4．that的用法
[观察]
The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
地上放的那个手提箱是她的。
[归纳]
that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。
[即时演练1] 用适当的关系代词填空
①There is a film which/that I'd like to see.
②The professor whom/who/that you wish to see has gone abroad.
③The woman whom/who/that you saw just now is our English teacher.
④This is the hotel which/that I stayed at when I was travelling here.
⑤The boys that/who are playing football are from Class One.
⑥The man who/that is talking with my father is a policeman.
5．whose的用法
[观察]
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
＝This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
＝He lives in a room the window of which faces north.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
[归纳]
(1)whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。
(2)“whose＋名词”可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom”， whose作前置定语，介词短语of which/whom作后置定语。
[即时演练2]
(1)用适当的关系代词填空
①I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.
②This is the building whose windows were all painted green.
③Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
(2)用定语从句合并句子
④I'd like to take care of the child.Her mother died recently.
→I'd like to take care of the child whose mother died recently.
⑤The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.
→The woman (that/who/whom) you are looking after is my mother.
⑥Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.
→Last week Mary wore the dress (that/which) I gave to her.
[名师点津] (1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
(3)关系词有两个作用：①引导定语从句；②代替先行词并在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。因此理解概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
[观察]
Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
I've read all the books that I borrowed last week.
我已经读了所有那些我上周借的书。
The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
[归纳]
关系词只能用that而不用which的情况主要有：
(1)当先行词为all, little, few, some, none, something, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
(3)先行词被all, every, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
(4)当先行词既指人，又指物时。
[即时演练3] 补全句子
①This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.
这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
②She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
③Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.
聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
1．count on依赖，依靠，指望
(教材p.34)A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。
count v． 数数；把……算入，包括；重要；
看作，认为
n. 数量；计数
count on/upon (＝depend/rely on/upon) 依赖，依靠；指望
count on sb to do sth 指望某人做某事
count on it that ... 指望……(其中it为形式宾
语，that从句为真正的宾语)
(经典佳句)We oppose ourselves counting on a lucky chance.
我们反对单纯去碰运气。
[练透] 写出下列句中count的汉语意思
①She was counting her money with joy. 数数
②If you're all going to the party, you can count me in. 把……算入
③Hurry up！Every minute now counts. 重要
④On the whole she counted herself as a fortunate wife. 认为
[写美] 补全句子
⑤Being ill, my grandmother counted on my mother to care for her.
我的奶奶病了，她指望我的妈妈去照顾她。
⑥You may count on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。
2．put down放下；写下；镇压
(教材p.34)To make friends a real part of our lives, we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
为了使朋友成为我们生活中真正的一部分，我们应该放下手机，亲自与他们见面。
put aside 忽视；储存……备用
put away 收起；储蓄
put out 扑灭；出版
put off 推迟
put up 张贴
(经典佳句)The professor put down his book and began to talk about the person he counted on.
这位教授放下书，开始谈论起他信赖的那个人。
[练透] 介、副词填空
①We are trying to put aside/away some money every month for our vacation.
②A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
③In view of the bad weather, our journey to Lijiang had to be put off.
④It took the villagers about two hours to put out the big fire.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤He spoke so fast that I couldn't put down what he said.
他说得那么快，我根本记不下来他说的话。
3．in person亲自，亲身
in surprise 吃惊地
in advance 提前
in secret 秘密地
in trouble 处于困难中
in danger 处于危险中
in debt 负债
(经典佳句)You have to sign for it in person.
你必须亲自签收。
[练透] 补全句子
①“What is happening in the class？” Our teacher asked in surprise.
老师吃惊地问：“教室里发生了什么事？”
②To save money, you'd better book the ticket in advance.
为了省钱，你最好提前订票。
③It is said that the Amber room was moved by Germans in secret.
据说琥珀屋被德国人秘密搬走了。
[写美] 补全句子
④I'm writing to express my sincere thanks for your generous help when I am in trouble.
我写信是向你在我处于困境时所给予的慷慨帮助表示真诚的感谢。
PAGE
7(共17张PPT)
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国题围Integrated skills
写一篇交友日记
[写作指津]
本单元的写作项目属于新课标中应用体类别中的“日记”，语境话题是交友。
日记就是用文字记述自己一天生活中发生的有意义或重要的事，以及自己对某事的感受或评议。
1．主体人称为第一人称。记叙已发生的事多用一般过去时；描述自己对某事的感受或评议时多用一般现在时。
2．第一行左上角写日期和星期，右上角写天气，接下来写内容。
3．开头可以以“Dear Diary (亲爱的日记)”起笔，也可以省略掉。
4．日记作为一种个人写作形式，内容通常不是任何人都能读到的。
5．语言风格上尽量使用非正式的英语，好像你在和一个亲密的朋友说话。 第一人称“I”经常用于日记中。
[词句助力]
一、写作常用词汇
1．friendly adj. 友好的
2．friendship n. 友谊
3．quality n. 品质
4．supportive adj. 支持的；拥护的
5．trouble n. 麻烦
6．confused adj. 困惑的
7．selfless adj. 无私的，忘我的
8．overcome vt. 克服；战胜
9．honest adj. 诚实的
10．humorous adj. 幽默的
11．helpful adj. 乐于助人的，有益的
12．respect vt. 尊敬
13．bring out 展现出；使显露
14．get over 克服
15．get along well with 与……和睦相处
16．have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
在做某事上有困难
二、写作常用句式(注意彩体表达)
1．I am so anxious about losing my good friend Jack.
我很担心失去我的好朋友杰克。
2．Today is a sunny day.I went camping with my good friend Peter.
今天阳光明媚。我和我的好友彼得去露营了。
3．It is normal for teenagers to have some conflicts among them.
青少年之间有一些冲突是正常的。
4．I hope my friend is humorous and fun.
我希望我的朋友幽默又有趣。
5．I want to get along well with everyone.
我想和大家和睦相处。
6．He is selfless and we all highly respect him.
他是无私的，我们都很尊敬他。
7．He's very hard on me./He's mean to me.
他对我一点儿都不友好。
8．I owe him a lot for everything he has done for me.
我非常感谢他为我所做的一切。
9．What happened today has left a deep impression in my memory.
今天发生的事在我的脑海里留下了很深的印象。
10．Everyone who knows him likes to make friends with him.
每个认识他的人都乐意与他交朋友。
11．In my opinion, he is a kind hearted, humorous and responsible teacher.
在我看来，他是一位心地善良、幽默、有责任心的教师。
12．Thanks to his help, I have made much progress and caught up with others.
多亏他的帮助，我取得了很大进步并赶上了其他同学。
[典题导学]
假定你是李华，你和好朋友Jenny因为一次误会影响了你们之间的友谊。请你写一篇日记，倾诉自己的苦恼，并说出你的打算。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Saturday,2 OctoberSunny
Dear Diary，
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[四步成文]
第一步：审题谋篇
审题 审人称：以第一、三人称为主
审时态：以一般现在时为主，少量一般将来时
谋篇 第一段：诉说失去好朋友的苦恼。第二段：剖析原因及个人打算。第三段：抒发对我们未来友谊的信心。
第二步：要点翻译
1．我很担心失去我的好朋友珍妮。(anxious)
I am so anxious about losing my good friend Jenny.
2．我希望我们能消除我们之间的误解。(rid，宾语从句)
I hope we can rid the misunderstanding between us.
3．这些天我一直在反思自己。(reflect)
I have been reflecting myself these days.
4．即使是最好的朋友有冲突也是正常的。(it作形式主语)
It is normal for even best friends to have a conflict.
5．我不需要为此感到太难过。(need, upset)
I don't need to feel too upset about it.
6．我应该主动和她交谈。(should, offer)
I should offer to talk to her.
7．我应该找出真正的问题是什么。(what引导的宾语从句)
I should find out what the problem really is.
8．我必须尊重和支持她做的选择。 (respect, support，定语从句)
I must respect and support the choice she makes.
9．如果可能的话，我愿意承认我的错误，并真正原谅她。(admit, forgive)
If it is possible, I will offer to admit my mistakes and truly forgive her.
10．通过我们的谈话，我相信我们仍然是好朋友。 (宾语从句)
Through our conversation, I believe we're still good friends.
11．在不久的将来，我们的友谊将比以往任何时候都更加牢固。 (比较级)
In the near future, our friendship will grow stronger than ever.
第三步：词句升级
1．用连词so将句4和句5合并为一个并列句
It is normal for even best friends to have a conflict, so I don't need to feel too upset about it.
2．用动词不定式作目的状语升级句6和句7
I should offer to talk to her to find out what the problem really is.
3．用状语从句的省略升级句9
If possible, I will offer to admit my mistakes and truly forgive her.
第四步：连句成篇
Saturday,2 OctoberSunny
Dear Diary，
I am so anxious about losing my good friend Jenny.I hope we can rid the misunderstanding between us.To be honest, I have been reflecting myself these days.
It is normal for even best friends to have a conflict, so I don't need to feel too upset about it.Then, I should offer to talk to her to find out what the problem really is.I must respect and support the choice she makes.Most of all, if possible, I will offer to admit my mistakes and truly forgive her.
Through our conversation, I believe we're still good friends.In the near future, our friendship will grow stronger than ever.
[即时演练]
每位同学都希望自己具有良好的人际关系，成为班级中受欢迎的人。假定你是李津，请写一篇日记，描述一下受人喜爱的人所具备的美好品质(对待集体；对待他人；对待自己)。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Sunday,3 OctoberCloudy
Dear Diary，
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
参考范文：
Sunday,3 OctoberCloudy
Dear Diary，
We all hope to be popular with our classmates and teachers. To enjoy popularity, we should regard the class as our big family and even offer to give up our personal interests whenever necessary.
To be a popular student, firstly, we are to show respect and concern for others.Secondly, we ought to be strict with ourselves and make every effort to achieve all round development, being good not only at our lessons but also at other fields.In time of success we remain modest, while in time of difficulty we keep strong minded.
All in all, popularity comes naturally to those who keep improving their personal qualities.
PAGE
4(共29张PPT)
灯
国题围
respect vt..&n.尊重
school friend同窗
accompany vt.
陪同，陪伴
close friend亲密的朋友
cooperate vi..合作
childhood friend童年的朋友
forgive ut.&vi.原谅
positive
types of
trusted friend可信赖的朋友
trust vt.相信，信任
aspects
friends
loyal friend忠实的朋友
harmony n.和睦，和谐
understanding n.理解
pen pal笔友
congratulation n.祝贺
net friend网友
admirable adj.值得赞赏的，可钦佩的
Friendship
sincere adj.真诚的
友谊
reliable adj.可信赖的
tolerance n.忍受
be ready to help others乐于助人
rude adj.粗鲁的
be concerned for/about..担心…
impolite adi.不礼貌的
share..With..与…分享…
negative
selfish adi.自私的
depend/rely on依靠，相信，信赖
aspects
be bored with..厌烦…
have sth in common有相同的特征
blame sb for sth因某事责备某人
get on/along well with sb与某人相处融洽
have words with..与…争吵
Chopsticks Culture
筷子，古称“箸”，中国是筷子的发源地，古籍《韩非
子·喻老》载：“昔者纣为象箸，而箕子怖。”说明
中国用筷子进餐已有3000多年的历史。朝鲜、韩
旋子文形
国、越南等国的用箸习俗皆由中国传入。(共74张PPT)
灯
国题围
The importance
Close friendships will help 1.smooth out
of friendship
the sometimes rocky road.
Close friendships 2.comfort the heart,
advise the head and help us 3.achieve
the goals we set for ourselves.
The three
“fruits”
The second fruit
5
The first
The third
fruit is
is 5.the better
fruit is
4.the peace.
understanding
6.the help
and judgement.
Advice on
Enjoying the company of a crowd is not
making friends
the same as 7.being with friends.
reflect
反射reflect
反映
人
7777777777777777777777777777
倒影
reflectionExtended reading & Project & Assessment
①be alone with one's own thoughts
独自思考
②reflection n． 沉思；反射； 映像；反映
reflect v. 反思；反映；反射
③seek (sought, sought)
vi. 试图；寻找；争取
vt. 寻求；寻找
seek to do sth 寻求做某事
④escape vi.& vt. 逃脱，躲避；逃跑；
避开，避免；被遗忘
n. 逃离，逃脱
escape into 逃进，躲进
escape from 逃离
⑤smooth out 消除(问题)，
克服(困难)
⑥be meant to do sth
注定要做某事，
应做某事
⑦benefit n. 优势，益处，成效
vt. 使受益
vi. 得益于
benefit from 从……中获益
⑧comfort vt. 宽慰，抚慰
n. 舒服；安慰
comfort the heart 安慰心灵
⑨advise the head 出谋划策
⑩more satisfied humans 更满足的人
failure n． 失败；失败的人
(或事)；未 履行；故障
take on 呈现，具有
result from 由……引起
in full measure 最大程度地， 最大限度地
moment n. 时光，时机;瞬间；某个时刻
moments of closeness 亲密的时刻
indeed adv. 其实，实际上； 的确；真正地
well meaning adj. 出于好心的， 善意的
well meaning and wise friends
好心而明 智的朋友
recognize vt. 承认，意识到； 认出，辨别出
one sided adj. 片面的
offer advice on sth
就某事提供建议
talk problems over with sb
和某人讨论问题
put our thoughts into words
把我们的想法用语言表达出来
thorough adj. 彻底的，全面的；仔细的
be known as 被认为是； 号称；叫作
with the help of 借助于
skill n. 技能，技巧；
death n. 死，死亡；死亡状态
die vi. 死
point out 指出
company n. 陪伴，作伴；公司
crowd n. 一伙人，一帮人；人群
vt. 挤满，使拥挤
vi. 聚焦；挤，涌
crowded adj. 拥挤的
enjoy the company of a crowd
享受一群人 的陪伴
the same as 和……一样
such as 诸如……
Of Friendship
As we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts①， for quiet periods of reflection② can lead to personal improvement.However, when we seek③ to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape④ into our own world.Social life is also important to us.More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out⑤ the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to⑥ travel.[1]
[1]本句是主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the sometimes rocky road；副词性短语More often than not在句中作状语。
As we live in social groups, there are many benefits⑦ of friendship that we can enjoy.[2] Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”： they may comfort⑧ the heart, advise the head⑨ and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves.Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and more satisfied humans⑩.
[2]本句是主从复合句。As引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词benefits of friendship。
The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure .[3] Here, friendship has a double advantage — happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! Naturally, this kind of openness results from a close friendship.With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness in full measure .We know that our friends will both respect our feelings and treasure these moments of closeness.Indeed ， the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.
[3]本句是主从复合句。主句是“主系表”结构；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the peace，并且在从句中作主语。
The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversations with well meaning and wise friends.We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own. [4]As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be one sided .On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make.Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first.This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems.
[4]本句是简单句。基本结构是“主语＋find＋it＋形容词＋to do ...”。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构。
The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways.Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second self”．There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends.Friends may have many different ideas and skills.They can help us achieve what we want during life and, perhaps, even after death.
Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.[5] Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed.In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our trusted friends.
(Adapted from “Of Friendship”， an essay written by Francis Bacon, a great English writer, scientist and philosopher)
[5]本句是主从复合句。it作形式主语， that引导主语从句作真正的主语。在从句中，动名词短语enjoying the company of a crowd作主语。
论友谊
当我们走在“人生之路”上时，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为一段时间的安静的沉思可以带来个人的进步。然而，当我们试图独处时，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。社交生活对我们也很重要。更多的时候，亲密的友谊将有助于铺平有时我们都注定要走的崎岖之路。
由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。一般来说，亲密的友谊有三个“成果”：它们可以抚慰心灵，出谋划策，帮助我们实现我们为自己设定的目标。通过友谊，我们可以成为更快乐、更聪明、更满足的人。
友谊的第一个成果是与朋友分享我们的喜悦、悲伤、成功和失败所带来的和平。在这里，友谊有双重优势——幸福具有更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半！当然，这种开放是由亲密的友谊而引起的。和真正的朋友在一起，我们可以尽情地分享我们的快乐和悲伤。我们知道，我们的朋友不仅会尊重我们的感情，而且会珍惜这些亲密的时刻。事实上，人类的内心依赖于这样的安慰和被保护的机会。
友谊的第二个成果是通过与善意而智慧的朋友交谈所获得的更好的理解和判断。我们经常发现识别别人的弱点比识别我们自己弱点的更容易。因此，如果我们纯粹被自己的感情所支配，我们的判断就可能是片面的。另一方面，我们的朋友能更好地为我们都必须做出的重要决定提供建议。此外，当我们想和朋友讨论我们的问题时，我们必须先把我们的想法用语言表达出来。只有这样才能使我们的想法更加清晰，并使我们对我们的问题有更透彻的理解。
友谊的第三个成果是朋友可以以许多不同的方式提供的帮助。有时朋友甚至被称为“第二自己”。生活中有很多的事情只有在朋友的帮助下才能实现。朋友可能有许多不同的想法和技能。他们可以帮助我们在生命中，甚至在死亡之后实现我们想要实现的目标。
最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。选择朋友须谨慎，经营友情须用心。只有这样，在值得信任的朋友的安慰、建议和帮助下，我们才能更好地走好“人生之路”。
(改编自散文《论友谊》，作者是英国伟大的作家、科学家和哲学家弗朗西斯·培根)
Ⅰ.Skim the text and summarize the main idea for each part.
Part 1(Para.1) A．Three fruits of friendship.
Part 2(Paras.2～5) B．Close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road.
Part 3(Para.6) C．Advice on making friends.
答案：Parts 1～3 BAC
Ⅱ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．How many “fruits”of friendship are mentioned in the passage
A．One. B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
2．Which advantage of friendship is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．Comfort the heart.
B．Lend us some money.
C．Help us reach our goals.
D．Advise the head.
3．Where does the first “fruit” of friendship come from
A．One who has joy, sadness, success, and failure.
B．A friend respecting our feelings.
C．A person who is free from failure.
D．An individual with whom we can share our joy, sadness, success and failure.
4．The words “This alone” in Paragraph 4 mean .
A．finding weakness of our own first
B．achieving what we want to achieve
C．offering advice on important decisions to others
D．putting our thoughts into words before we talk with a friend
5．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．A carefully chosen friend will bring us advantages.
B．People can succeed as soon as he has friends.
C．Individuals can choose friends carelessly.
D．We ought to enjoy the company of a crowd.
答案： 1～5 CBDDA
Ⅲ.Master the key content of the text.
Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks using the proper words according to the text.
When we walk the “path of life”， social life is really important. More often than not, sometimes friendship can help us 1.(to) smooth (smooth) out the rocky road that we are 2.meant (mean) to travel. Generally speaking, close friendships have three main 3. benefits (benefit). The first one is that they can comfort the heart, because the peace comes from having someone 4.whom/that we share with our joy, sadness, success and 5.failure (fail). The second one is that they can advise the head because we may have better 6.understanding (understand) and judgement that are achieved through conversations with well meaning 7.and wise friends. The third one is that they can help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves because friends may offer help 8. in many different ways. Finally, if we want to 9.better (well) walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our 10.trusted (trust) friends, we should choose friends and develop relationships carefully.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．seek permission 征求同意
2．escape the pull of the earth's gravity
挣脱地球的引力
3．bring joy to people 给人民带来喜悦
4．in a few moments 过了一会儿
5．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
6．well meaning invitation 善意的邀请
7．thorough competence 全面的能力
8．keep me company 陪伴我
9．the great poet Qu Yuan 伟大的诗人屈原
10．home made wine 自酿的葡萄酒
11．Tom is greedy to do his homework to have a comfortable (comfort) holiday.
12．The cat felt curious when she saw her own reflection (reflect) in the mirror.
13．The doctor considered that the change would be beneficial (benefit) to her health.
14．After 25 years the town centre has changed beyond recognition (recognize)．
1．抽象名词具体化
①failure：失败→失败的人或事物
②success：成功→成功的人或事
③delight：高兴→令人高兴的事
④pleasure：乐趣→令人高兴的事
⑤attraction：吸引→有吸引力的人或事物
⑥beauty：美；美丽→美丽的人或事物
⑦danger：危险→危险的人或因素
⑧shock：震惊→令人震惊的事情
2．“comfort”家族
①comfort n．舒适；自在
②comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的
③comfortably adv.舒适地；舒服地
④uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不自在的
⑤uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．They finally smoothed out (克服) all the difficulties and made a big breakthrough.
2．There is no doubt that stress can lead to (导致) physical illness.
3．My expectations had been met in full measure (最大限度地) after three years of trying.
4．The mountain will take on (呈现) a new look after the rain.
5．I believe he is meant to (注定) be a soldier because that's what he's been chasing.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1.
教材原句 As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.因为我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。
句式分析 as引导原因状语从句
佳句仿写 As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material.由于他是个裁缝，他知道怎样用这块布料。
2.
教材原句 We often find it easier to recognize other people's weakness than our own.我们经常发现识别别人的弱点比识别自己的更容易。
句式分析 主语＋及物动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语
佳句仿写 You may find it hard to concentrate in class.你可能发现很难在课上集中注意力。
1．reflection n．沉思；反射；映像；反映
(教材p.39)As we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.
当我们走在“人生之路”上时，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为一段时间的安静的沉思可以带来个人的进步。
(1)on reflection 仔细想来，经过慎重考虑
without reflection 不假思索地
(2)reflect vi. 思考
vt. 思考；映射；反射
reflect on/upon 思考，反省
(3)reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的；反光的
[图解助记]
(经典佳句)Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality.
穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。
[巧学助记]
One day, Mary was reflecting on/upon the meaning of a science essay by the lake when she suddenly saw herself reflected in the water.She was scared at her reflection.
一天，玛丽在湖边思考一篇科学论文的意义时，突然看到倒映在水中的自己。她被自己的倒影吓了一跳。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①On dark nights children should wear reflective (reflect) clothing.
②When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of the heat is reflected (reflect) back into space.
[写美] 句式升级
③The man was lying on the grass and reflected on what happened that day.
→The man was lying on the grass，reflecting on what happened that day.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
2．seek (sought, sought) vi.试图；寻找；争取vt.寻求；寻找
(教材p.39)However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that wе dо not always escape into our own world.
然而，当我们试图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。
seek to do sth 试图做某事；努力做某事
seek out 找到；寻出
seek for 找寻；寻求
seek after 追求；寻求
seek one's fortune 外出寻找发财机会
(经典佳句)Now a number of college graduates are seeking to get a high paid job. But the number of posts available for them is often not enough.
如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。
[巧学助记]
In order to seek happiness, he went to big cities to seek (for) his fortune.After searching every corner of the cities for it, he didn't find any job fit for him, so he had to return to his village to explore.
为了寻找幸福，他去了大城市淘金。在找遍了城市的各个角落之后，他没有找到适合他的任何工作，因此，他只好回到农村去探索。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I am always seeking to improve (improve) my teaching method.
②He is a man who likes seeking after wealth and power.
[写美] 补全句子
③We seek to help every student to discover the joy and fulfillment in learning.
我们试图帮助每一位学生发现学习的乐趣与满足感。
④Every one has the right to make friends, seek after happiness and dreams.
每个人都有交朋友、追求幸福和梦想的权利。
3．escape vi.& vt.逃脱，逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘n.逃离，逃脱
(1)escape from 从……逃脱/逃跑
escape＋名词/doing sth 避开(做)某事
escape one's attention 逃过某人的注意
(2)a narrow escape 九死一生
(经典佳句)As a child he would often escape into a dream world of his own.
小时候他常常躲进自己的梦幻世界中。
[名师点津] 注意下面两个短语的区别：
escape from prison越狱
escape prison逃过牢狱之灾
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Fortunately, he escaped from the burning house without being injured.
②It is said that he narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
[写美] 句式升级
③After he had escaped from prison, he came to a small town.
→After escaping from prison, he came to a small town.(用非谓语动词改写)
4．benefit n．优势，益处，成效vt.使受益vi.得益于
(教材p.39)As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。
(1)be of benefit to ... 对……有益的
for the benefit of ... 为了……的利益
(2)benefit from/by ... 从……中受益
benefit sb 使某人获益
(3)beneficial adj. 有益的
be beneficial to ... 对……有益
(经典佳句)There is no doubt that being honest is for the benefit of the country and the individual.
毫无疑问，诚信对于国家和个人而言都有好处。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It is said that the company has benefited a lot from/by the new policy.
②The doctor thought the change would be beneficial (benefit) to the patient's health.
③It was for the benefit of your company that we did that.
[写美] 句型转换
④It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.
→It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.
⑤The new teaching method will benefit a large number of students.
→A large number of students will benefit from/by the new teaching method.
5．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障
(教材p.39)The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure.
友谊的第一个果实是与朋友分享我们的喜悦、悲伤、成功和失败所带来的和平。
(1)a failure 一个失败的人，一件失败的事
(2)fail v. 失败；不及格
fail to do sth 没做成某事
fail (in) sth 失败，没有通过
(经典佳句)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.
到了年底，快速回顾一年的成败将会影响你来年的发展。
[名师点津] 抽象名词用作本义时，一般是不可数的。但个别抽象名词可用来表示可数的人或物，被称作抽象名词具体化，此时名词的词义将发生变化。
failure 作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“失败”。类似的词还有success, surprise, honour, difficulty等。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①You will learn about the school's class sizes, areas of success and failure (fail), and so on.
②I'm not talking about those who fail to get (get) to the top.We can't all get there.
[写美] 补全句子
③The man failed to persuade his wife to go with him.
这个人没能说服他的妻子和他一起去。
④He was a failure as an actor, but he was a great success as a father.
作为演员他是失败的，但作为父亲他是成功的。
6．take on呈现，具有；承拉；雇用
(教材p.39)Here, friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved!
在这里，友谊有双重优势——幸福有更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半！
take away 拿走；使离开；消除病痛等
take down 记下来；拆掉
take over 接收，接管，取代
take in 吸收；理解；欺骗
take up 开始从事；占用，花费(时间、空间或精力)
(经典佳句)The city has been developing very fast and it has taken on a new look.
这个城市发展很快，呈现出新的面貌。
[练透] 写出下列句中take on的汉语意思
①Now the countryside is taking on a new look day by day. 呈现
②He is willing to take on the responsibility for what he did. 承担
③Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month. 雇用
[写美] 补全句子
④Peter will take up the management of the finance department.
彼得将从事财务部的管理工作。
⑤The young man will take over the company when his father is old.
这个年轻人会在父亲年老时接管这个公司。
7．recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出
(教材p.39)We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own.
我们经常发现识别别人的弱点比识别我们自己的更容易。
(1)recognize one's voice 辨别出某人的声音
recognize sb as/to be ... 承认某人是……
It is recognized that ... 人们公认……
(2)recognition n. 承认；认出
(3)recognizable adj. 容易认出的
(经典佳句)We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push them to work hard to achieve a goal.
我们应该特别认可孩子的努力来使他们更加努力地去实现目标。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The Yellow River is recognized as/to be our mother river.
②My hometown has changed beyond recognition (recognize)．
③Yao Ming is easily recognizable (recognize) as he is very, very tall.
[写美] 句型转换
④People recognize that the sports meeting is a great success.
→It is recognized that the sports meeting is a great success.
⑤It is recognized that traffic jam has become one serious problem to citizens.
→Traffic jam is recognized to have become one serious problem to citizens.
8．company n．陪伴，作伴；公司
(教材p.40)Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.
最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。
(1)keep sb company 陪伴某人
(2)accompany vt. 伴随，陪同；为……伴奏
accompany sb to sp 陪伴某人去某地
accompany sb at/on 为某人伴奏
be accompanied with/by ... 伴随……；由……陪同
(经典佳句)Even when walking in the company of two other men, I am bound to learn from them.
三人行，必有我师焉。
[名师点津] “陪伴某人做某事”不能表达成accompany sb to do sth，而是表达成do sth in the company of sb。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①There was strong wind accompanied (accompany) by heavy rain last night.
②While she danced wonderfully on the stage, her mother accompanied her on/at the piano.
③Children, when they are accompanied by/with their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
[写美] 一句多译
我生病时我的朋友过来陪我去看医生。
④My friend came to accompany me to hospital while I was ill.(accompany)
⑤My friend came to keep me company to hospital while I was ill.(company)
9．crowd n．一伙人，一帮人；人群vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌
(1)crowd in (on sb)/into sth (想法、问题等)
涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd into ... 大批涌入……
(2)the crowd 人群，观众，群众
a crowd of 一群……
(3)crowded adj. 拥挤的
be crowded with ... 挤满，满是……
(经典佳句)There were crowds of fans at the gate waiting for her signature.
大门口有很多粉丝等着她签名。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.
②The electric car show was crowded with people, which shows the popularity of the electric cars.
[写美] 补全句子
③Memories crowded when I saw the photo.
当我看到这张照片时，往事涌上心头。
④On the National Day, the streets were crowded with a large number of people.
国庆节这天，大街上人头攒动。
1．句型公式： as引导原因状语从句
(教材p.39)As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
因为我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。
(1)As we live in social groups为as引导的原因状语从句， as在此表示“因为，由于”。
(2)as作从属连词的其他用法总结：
①引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候；随着……；一边……一边……”。
②引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如，像”。
③引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。(从句使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面；单数可数名词提前时应省掉冠词)
④引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样地”。
(经典佳句)As the teacher was satisfied with what we had done, she began to smile.
因为老师对我们所做的感到满意，所以她露出了会心的笑容。
[练透] 写出下列句中as的汉语意思/补全句子
①He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.当……时候
②Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired.虽然
③As he was busy, he had no time to play with his children.因为
④You'd better do as the teacher has told you.按照
⑤As I was busy preparing for my final exam, I didn't reply to your e mail as soon as I received it.
因为我正忙着准备期末考试，所以我没能及时回复你的邮件。
[写美] 句式升级
⑥Although they were tired, they stayed up preparing the report.
→Tired as they were, they stayed up preparing the report.
2．句型公式：主语＋及物动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语
(教材p.39)We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own.
我们经常发现识别别人的弱点比识别我们自己的更容易。
句型基本结构是：主语＋及物动词＋it(作形式宾语)＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语。
(1)常用于以上结构的动词还有feel, think, find, consider等；
(2)宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词；真正宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词或从句。
(经典佳句) It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
让他很难适应国外新环境的是文化而不是语言。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①My car makes it possible for me to reach (reach) my office on time.
②I've found it interesting to talk with foreigners in English.
③We thought it no use explaining (explain) to him what had happened.
[写美] 句型转换
④Frankly speaking, at first I found it was difficult to learn English pronunciation rules.
→Frankly speaking, at first I found it difficult to learn English pronunciation rules.
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