牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit 5 Good manners知识全解+练习（含答案）

8B U5 知识全解 2
重点全解 She did not join the discussion. discussion 名词，意为“讨论”。 例如：They decided to write a report after a discussion. discuss 及物动词，意为“讨论”，discuss sth with sb. “与某人讨论某事”。 例如：You can discuss the question with them. He did not express himself clearly. express 此处用作及物动词，意为“表达”。express oneself 意为“自我表达”。express的名词形式是expression，意为“表达，表情，措辞”。 易混辨析 impress- impression 使。。。印象深刻 explain 解释 express - 表达 expect 期望 except 除了 Kitty was very busy with her dancing lessons. be busy with sth 意为“忙于某事”。be busy (in) doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”。 例如：Mary is busy with her homework.=Mary is busy (in) doing her homework. She is too busy (do) her homework to look after her brother. 4. too...to 与 enough...to You are old enough to learn about manners now,Hobo. 霍波，你现在够大了，可以学习礼仪了。 You’re never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 “...形容词或副词+enough to do sth.”结构的意思是“足够...以至于能做某事”。例如： The boy is old enough to go to school. The hall is big enough to hold 100 persons. 扩展： enough to 结构和so...that结构可以转换。“enough to”结构引导的句子是简单句，而“so ...that”引导的句子是复合句。例如： The young man is strong enough to carry that heavy box. The young man is so strong that he can carry that heavy box. too...to结构的意思是“太....而至于不能....”，表达一个否定的结果。其中too的后面加形容词或副词。例如： My little brother is too young to look after himself. My little brother isn’t old enough to .... My little brother is so young that he can’t .look ...... too......to 句型可以跟so ....that句型互换，所以上述的句子还可以改成： My little brother is so young that he can’t look after himself.
5. Help explain things and give us useful information. explain 此处为及物动词，意为“解释”，其后可跟名词、代词或从句。 例如：Our English teacher always explain things to us clearly. n解释 explanation 相似名词变化 Invite- invitation 6.Keep us....from danger. keep sb from sth. 意为“保护某人免受......；阻止某人......”。 例如：Sunglasses can keep us from the sun. Keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 stop....（from） doing......, prevent.....(from) doing.....与keep.....from doing....都有“阻止....做.....”之意，三者同义。 例如：No one can stop/prevent/keep us from creating wonders. 7.Warn us....... warn 及物动词，意为“警告，告诫” (1) warn sb (not) to do sth. 意为“警告某人（不要）做某事”。 例如：We warned him not to play with fire. (2) warn sb of/about sth.意为“警告某人某事；提醒某人注意某事”。 例如：The police warned the children of/about the danger. 8 Why not Why not..... 意为“为什么不？”，其后跟动词原形，该句型还可以用“why don’t/doesn’t sb do sth ”，表示劝说、建议某人去做某事。 例如：Why not come early = Why don’t you come early = what/ how about doing = shall we do .... 9.Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life. 辨析：sometime，some time，sometimes与some times sometime: I’ll visit the Great Wall sometime this year. some time: I’ll live here fro some time. sometimes: Sometimes I have lunch at school. = from time to time= at times some times: I’ve been to the museum some times. Success 名词 成功 -- successful 形容词，成功的 --successfully 副词，成功地 -- succeed 动词，成功 成功做某事 Succeed in doing sth.= do sth successfully 10. when one bad thing happens to you,other bad things happen soon after. 主将从现，主情（情态动词）从现，主祈(祈使句）从现，主现从现 soon after 意为“不久以后”。
It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行 例如：They met in May and became good friends soon after. 11、risk losing everything all at one time risk 及物动词，意为“冒险做”，其后可跟名词或动词ing形式。 例如：Why do you risk climbing the mountain risk 还可作可数名词，意为“冒险，冒风险”。 例如：He likes to take a risk. at one time 意为“一度，同时，在过去某个时候”。 例如：You can borrow two books at one time. 12、a friend in need is a friend indeed indeed 副词，意为“真正地”。 例如：I was indeed glad to hear the news. 13、practice makes perfect 熟能生巧 practice 名词，意为“练习，训练，实践”。 例如：Enough practice can help improve your English. practice 还可作及物动词，意为“练习”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词ing形式。 例如：I often practice playing the piano after school. 14. We should know these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. make sure 意为“弄清楚，务必，确信”，其后多接that引导的宾语从句，有时也与of/about连用。 例如：I make sure that I have turned the tap off. Please make sure of the time and place. at the table 意为“在桌子旁”，不一定在吃饭。at table “在吃饭”，其结构为：at+名词，表示状态。 例如：He often reads newspapers at the table. Tom and his parents are at table now. 15、We are going to hold a talk on good table manners. on 介词，意为“关于”。 例如：The book is on science. 辨析：on与about on: 侧重论述，较正式，多用于诸如学术报告、专著、国际形势等方面的内容。 about: 侧重叙事，多用于个人事迹、故事内容、一般的书籍及内容浅显的问题等。例如：Do you have a book on the computer I have a book about Lei Feng. 16、Above all.....）above all 意为“首先，重要的是”。 after all: 毕竟，终究 first of all 首先 In all 总计 17. The purpose of the meeting is (improve) the knowledge of coronavirus.
短语归纳 good manners 良好的礼仪 share with 与.....分享 cut in(on sb/sth) 打断（谈话），插嘴 keep quiet 保持安静 shake one’s hand 与某人握手 in public 公开地，在别人面前 push in 插队，加塞 bump into 碰到，撞到
in one’s way 挡住某人的路 all the time一直 by accident 偶然，意外地 express oneself自我表达 soon after 不久以后 at one time一度，同时 be tired out 精疲力尽 in fact事实上 make sure 务必，确信 above all 首先，首要的是 drop litter everywhere到处乱扔垃圾leave the tap running让水龙头一直流淌 obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则 for the first time首次 on one’s own 单独，独自 sth happens to sb 某事发生在某人身上 take place 发生 hold a talk 举行一次报告 make noise 发出噪音 say hello to sb 向某人问好 句型归纳 adj.+enough to do sth 够.....,,做某事 too+adj./adv.+to do sth 太....而不能做某事 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 keep sb from (doing) sth 使某人免于（做）某事 avoid doing sth 避免做某事 warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人（不）要做某事 No +v.-ing No+n. 禁止做某事 seem +adj. 似乎..... in order to do sth 为了做某事 risk doing sth 冒险做某事 try (not) to do sth 努力（不）做某事 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 keep doing sth 一直做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 find +某人/某物（n./pron.）+adj. 发现某人/某物......
一．词汇
A.根据句意和汉语提示写出单词,完成句子。
1.I think everyone must____________(遵守) laws in the world.
2.The teacher kept ____________(解释) the use of the saying to me until I understood it.
3.Chinese people often____________(握手) your hand when they meet you for the first time.
4.There is____________(垃圾) everywhere in that community.
5.Simon, ____________(推) hard when I tell you to.
6.Asking for help ____________(礼貌地) is very important.
7.He had a long telephone ____________(交谈) with his wife last night.
8.Neil's coach gave him several suggestions to ____________(避免) getting lost.
9.Miss Li, can you tell me how my daughter ____________(表现) at school
10.The little girl has learned to ____________(表达) herself by email.
B.根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I wrote a report about different table __________(manner) between the East and the West.
2.The Internet is very useful and convenient, but we should use it____________(proper).
3.They all avoid ____________(talk) about the car accident.
4.Have you ever cut your finger on the edge (边缘) of a book page The small cut on your finger is so ____________(pain).
5.She's not strong enough ____________(go) walking up the mountains.
二、.单项选择
1.In the novel, Quasimodo is ____ugly man. He is from ____European country, France.
A. a, a B. a, an C. an, an D. an, a
2.—Who do you want to help most at present
—Children in poor areas. Because many of them are _________poor_________go to school.
A.enough; to B.too; to C.so; that D.such; that
3.—Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world.
—Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid_________products made in China.
A.to buy B.buying C.bought D.buy
4.I was talking to Mary when Jason_________, “Hey, guys, what's up ”
A.cut in B.cut down C.cut out D.cut off
5.My cousin Bob is_________the charity show well.
A.carefully enough to plan B.enough careful to plan
C.enough carefully to plan D.careful enough to plan
6.I have spent_________on this job. I think I can finish it_________this afternoon.
A.sometime; sometime B.sometimes; some time
C.some time; sometime D.some times; some time
7.The Shape of Water was a big winner at the 90th Academy Awards, winning four Oscars: Best Production Design, Best Score, Best Director and Best Picture.
A. as soon as B. as well as C. as much as D. as good as
8．She was busy_______ for her exam and too busy with me at that time．
A．preparing; to talking B. to prepare; talking C． preparing, talked D. preparing; to talk
9.----Tom, as well as his parents , to the USA, right
---Yes, they won’t be back until next week.
A. has been B. have been C. have gone D. has gone
10.—When is the sports meeting ____ every year —It _____at the beginning of the new term.
A.taken place; is held B. held; takes place C. taken place; holds D. held; is taken place
11.There is ______ in the classroom, so we can see ________.
A. enough light; clearly enough B. light enough; clearly enough
C. enough light; enough clearly D. light enough; enough clearly
12.They ___________ leave _________ the police find the the lost boy.
A. didn’t; until B. won’t; when C. won’t; until D. didn’t; when
13.---Would you mind _______the umbrella with me ---_______. Let’s go.
A. share, Of course B. sharing, Of course not C. to share, Better not D. sharing, Never mind
14. Keep the door __________, my _________ friend.
A. close; closed B. close; close C. closed; closed D. closed; close
15.“ ” means if lots of people share the work, it will make a job easier to complete.
A. The early bird catches the worm. B. It never rains but it pours.
C. Many hands make light work.. D. Every dog has its day.
三．完形填空
阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, a hunter went hunting with his dog. He saw a rabbit running out of a bush not far in front and 1 raised his gun to shoot. The rabbit was hurt. It ran away 2 . The hunter waved to the dog to 3 it. The well-trained dog rushed out at once, running very fast and full of 4 .
The rabbit ran fast and it_ 5 that it didn’t hurt itself at all. However, the dog was surprisingly left behind. Gradually(逐渐地), the dog was losing sight of(看不见) the rabbit. At last when the dog 6 empty-handed, the hunter was angry and blamed(责备)it, "How_7 !Unable to catch an injured(受伤的) rabbit! No supper for you.” Feeling sad, the dog tried to explain for 8 ,"Though I didn't catch it, I had tried my best.”
When the rabbit got home, all the other rabbits were surprised at its 9 . They asked, “How did you 10 to run away when the dog almost caught you it’s unbelievable.” “The dog would only be blamed for not catching me at most, 11 all it did was to do its best. The situation is completely different 12 me. I would
surely lose my life 13 I was caught .I had to try my best!”
We can learn a lesson for our daily life from the story. Have we ever examined ourselves and asked 14 we did our best or went all out when we looked for a(n) 15 for our failure
( )1. A. slowly B. quickly C. easily D. strangely
( )2. A. in order B. in fear C. in need D. in surprise
( )3. A. bark at B. look at C. look after D. run after
( )4. A. kindness B. knowledge C. confidence D. humor
( )5. A. seemed B. became C. tasted D. sounded
( )6. A. followed B. left C. waited D. returned
( )7. A. useless B. careless C. homeless D. harmless
( )8. A. it B. itself C. himself D. him
( )9. A. sadness B. worry C. luck D. patience
( )10. A. succeed B. fail C. manage D. suggest
( )11. A. so B. or C. yet D. but
( )12. A. from B. for C. as D. of
( )13. A. though B. unless C. if D. until
( )14. A. whether B. that C. what D. where
( )15. A. hope B. excuse(借口) C. respect D. influence
四．阅读理解
A
Ned wanted to escape from the Nautilus while we were in the Mediterranean. However, he had no chance. The submarine raced into the Atlantic in two days mostly staying deep under the water. I saw many shipwrecks along the way. Some were very old. Others were more recent. As it surfaced, the submarine turned north.
Ned came to my room. “Tonight!” he said. “Tonight ” I wasn’t ready for this. “Tonight,” he repeated, “we are a few miles off the Spanish coast. It will be dark, and the wind is blowing in the right direction. You agreed, Dr. Aronnax, to escape with me. Remember your promise!” I said nothing. “At nine, I will go to the staircase with Conseil. You will wait in the library for our signal. Everything is ready.”
“The sea is quite rough.” I said.
“Yes, but if we don’t go tonight, we will soon be too far from land!”
As I waited for Ned’s signal, the Nautilus’s engines stopped. I felt a bump as the submarine came to rest on the ocean floor.
The library door opened and Captain Nemo entered. He took me to the window. I found the crew of the Nautilus were gathering some gold from the sand and bringing it to the submarine. Now I knew how the Captain became so rich. “But of what use is all this gold to you ” I asked. “It’s of no use to me!” he replied, “but it can help people who are suffering.”
Ned came to my room the next morning. “We were unlucky, the Nautilus stopped just as we were about to escape.”
I told him what I had learned about Nemo and the gold. I hoped that Ned would change his mind, but he didn’t. The Nautilus was going away from the land. Escape was impossible now. Ned was disappointed, but I was not.
At eleven that night, I was surprised that Captain Nemo invited me to go for a night walk under the sea.
1. Which of the following is right according to the passage
A. Ned Land didn’t want to escape any more.
B. Dr. Aronnax didn’t want to escape that night.
C. They failed to escape because of the wind direction.
D. Dr. Aronnax was afraid of the shipwrecks on the way.
2. Who does the underlined word “we” refer to
A. Ned, Conseil, Dr. Aronnax B. Ned, Conseil, the Nautilus
C. Conseil, Dr. Aronnax, Nemo D. Ned, Dr. Aronnax, Nemo
3. Which could be the best title of the passage
A. A Journey under the Sea B. A Brave and Smart Ned
C. A Plan to escape D. A Rich Captain
4. After this passage, the writer may talk about _____________.
A. why they wanted to escape that night
B. how Dr. Aronnax would change his mind
C. where Captain Nemo would carry the gold
D. what would happen during the night walk
B
Honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways
Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees(黑猩猩), behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why Dishonesty often helps them survive.
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called
the plover sometimes pretends(假装) to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator (猎食动物) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, hides its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub
jays are also thieves. They watch where others hide their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, dig the food, and hide it again somewhere else.
Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too.When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share their food.
As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can’t trust her, either.
1.A plover protects its young from a predator by _______________.
A. getting closer to its young B. driving away the adult predator
C. leaving its young in another nest D. pretending to be injured
2.By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky", the writer means _______________.
A. chimps are ready to attack others B. chimps are sometimes dishonest
C. chimps envy the winners of the fight D. chimps can be selfish too
3.Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. All the animals survive by fooling other animals.
B. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.
C. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.
D. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.
4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. Do animals lie B. Does Mother Nature fool animals
C. How do animals learn to lie D. How does honesty help animals survive
五、任务型阅读
Andy’s mom died in a car accident. A drunk driver hit his mom’s car. Andy was angry and accused (控告) the driver. The drunk driver is now in prison. Andy visited the prison to confront (对峙) the driver. The drunk driver said sorry many times. Andy couldn’t stop crying. “‘Sorry’ is not going to bring my mom back. Your carelessness took away my mom,” he said. Andy was mad and left the prison. He couldn’t stay calm when he confronted the driver. He wanted him to stay in the prison for life.
Andy was not in the mood to work. He asked his boss if he could take a week off. He loved his job, but he could not stop thinking about his mom’s death.
Andy’s wife told him to do something useful instead of watching TV all day. Andy agreed with her. It was time for him to start doing something that would make his mom proud. Andy created a program to prevent drunk driving. He wanted to give drunk people free rides. Andy visited colleges, clubs, and bars all across the country to
encourage people to avoid driving after drinking.
Prevent 1 after drinking
What happened to Andy’s mother Andy’s mom 2 her life in a car accident. Although the driver said sorry again and again, but Andy 3 crying. Because nothing could bring Andy’s mother back.
4 did Andy deal with his sadness Andy couldn’t walk out of his mother’s 5 . He took time off work and stayed at home, 6 TV. His wife suggested that he should do something useful.
What did Andy do to stop drunk driving He wanted to make his mom feel 7 of him. He created a 8 to stop drunk driving. He gave drunk people rides 9 asking for any money and 10 people to avoid driving after drinking.
参考答案：
词汇
A.1.obey 2.explaining 3.shake 4.litter/rubbish 5.push 6.politely 7.conversation 8.avoid 9.behaves 10.express
B.1.manners 2.properly 3.talking 4.painful 5.to go
选择：DBBAD CBDDB ACBDC
完型填空： BBDCA DABCC ABCAB
阅读理解：BACD DBCA
任务型阅读
1. driving 2. lost 3. kept 4. How 5. death
6. watching 7. proud 8. Program(me) 9. without 10.encouraged
短文填空：1. France/Frenchmen 2.broke 3.part 4.told 5.between
6. works 7.famous 8.million 9.wrote 10.role