2022届高考英语专题训练:独立主格结构(含答案)

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名称 2022届高考英语专题训练:独立主格结构(含答案)
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高考专题训练——独立主格结构
1.My son went out to play football,his lessons___________ for the day.(  )
A.was finished B.being finished
C.to be finished D.finished
2.Many young people, most _____ well received, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(  )
A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those
3.There are so many tall trees in the forest,__________.(  )
A.some of them measures 50 metres
B.some of which measuring 50 metres
C.some of them measuring 50 metres
D.some of which measures 50 metres
4.Frank went back home, to study much harder than before.(  )
A.with his mind making up
B.his mind making up
C.with his mind made up
D.his mind being made up
5.__________ several times, but unfortunately, the boy still couldn't smooth away the problem on his own.(  )
A.Having explained it
B.The teacher having explained it
C.The teacher had explained it
D.Although the teacher had explained it
6.___,they went home,___.(  )
A.Their work had been finished; singing and laughing
B.They had finished their work; sang and laughed
C.Their work finished; singing and laughing
D.After their work finished; singing and laughing
7.It _________ heavily,the outing had to be put off.(  )
A.being rained B.being raining
C.raining D.rains
8.It _______ a hot day,we'd better go swimming.(  )
A.is B.to be C.being D.been
9.He wrote many children's books,nearly half of____published in the 1990s.(  )
A.whom B.them C.which D.that
10.________,we'll go camping this weekend.(  )
A.Weather permitting
B.If weather is permitted
C.Weather permits
D.Weather permitted
11.__________, your article is of greater value than his.(  )
A.All things considered
B.All things considering
C.All things are considered
D.All things are considering
12.There ______ no buses, we had to take a taxi.(  )
A.being B.was C.is D.were
13.John said, "_________, we went for a swim."(  )
A.Being hot B.It being hot
C.As it is hot D.It was hot
14.The college announced the students exchange program, most of ______ students having submitted their application forms.(  )
A.them B.which C.whose D.its
15.In Alice Munro's novel, Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, , decides to flee.(  )
A.her unhappiness being built into desperation
B.her unhappiness has built into desperation
C.her unhappiness builds into desperation
D.her unhappiness building into desperation
16.﹣ Hey, Jenny, my online car﹣hailing service is unavailable. Could you reserve a car for tomorrow?
﹣ Sorry, the upgrade_______, my phone has been bricked﹣it's stuck in emergency mode and won't start up.(  )
A.not to complete B.not completing
C.not completed D.not having completed
17.__________,I went out for a walk.(  )
A.There was nothing to do
B.There being nothing to do
C.There had nothing to do
D.There were nothing to do
18.He wrote lots of best﹣sellers throughout his life,the majority of translated into English.(  )
A.which B.what C.them D.whose
19.The interviewee's hands ________,the interviewer observed that the young graduate was extremely tense.(  )
A.folded B.to fold C.fold D.folding
20._______ Sunday, the library doesn't open.(  )
A.Being B.It is
C.It being D.There being
21.The Amazon rainforest is considered the lungs of Earth,much of____ located in Brazil.(  )
A.which B.what C.it D.that
22.All of flights _______called off because of the terrible weather, they had to go there by train.(  )
A.were B.having been
C.being D.had been
23.______ Sunday, the family decided to go for a picnic.(  )
A.It was B.It is C.It being D.As was
24.﹣﹣﹣Oh!Dear!It's so dark here.
﹣﹣﹣Take my hand,eyes_______,and you will not get lost.(  )
A.being closed B.closed
C.to close D.are closed
25.Time_________, I'll drop in on you while visiting your hometown.(  )
A.permit B.permitted
C.being permitted D.permitting
26._______the teacher watching me by the desk,I felt uneasy and couldn't focus my attention.(  )
A.Since B.For C.As D.With
27.It ______ now pretty late,we took our things and returned to our room.(  )
A.is B.being C.turned D.got
28.Titled Pain,the book contains 51 poems,________ written in the past three years,Zhao told China Daily in Beijing.(  )
A.most of which B.most of them
C.most of what D.most of it
29._______, a man who has a good command of English is sure to enjoy an advantage over a man whose command is poor.(  )
A.Other things being equal
B.Other things were equal
C.To be equal to other things
D.Other things to be equal
30.All flights ______ because of the snow﹣storm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.(  )
A.were canceled B.having been canceled
C.had been canceled D.have been canceled
31.School Art Festivals often include diverse activities like crosstalks and plays,all _________on a school's traditions.(  )
A.resting B.rested
C.to rest D.having rested
32.Ann never dreams of ______ a chance for her to go abroad.(  )
A.being B.there will be
C.there being D.there to be
33.Time ______, I'll pay a visit to you while I am in your hometown.(  )
A.permitting B.permits
C.permitted D.will permit
34.The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street,______ a small red cap.(  )
A.each of them has B.they each have
C.every wears D.each wearing
35.A database of Europe﹣wide population of 340 bird species _______,researches drew a conclusion that some 36% of European migratory bird species were in decline.(  )
A.being analyzed B.had been analyzed
C.analyzed D.to be analyzed
36.All things__________(consider), Mary is the most suitable person.(  )
A.谓语;are considered B.谓语;are considering
C.非谓语;considering D.非谓语;considered
37.________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(  )
A.The president will attend
B.The president to attend
C.The president attended
D.The president's attending
38.So far all cloned animals have suffered from some different serious disorders, _____dying soon after birth.(  )
A.many of them B.many of whom
C.many of which D.many of that
39.All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.(  )
A.canceling B.to cancel
C.having been canceled D.being canceled
40._______ Sunday, the students are at home.(  )
A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being
41.The superhero movie Avengers: Endgame topped Chinese mainland box office,Capernaum ___________ the second place.(  )
A.took B.taken
C.having taken D.taking
42._____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon.(  )
A.Judged B.Judging
C.Having judged D.To judge
43.Work________, we left the office.(  )
A.finishing B.had been finished
C.having finished D.finished
44.Almost all metals are good conductors, _______.(  )
A.and silver being the best of all
B.silver is the best of all
C.silver being the best of all
D.while silver being the best of all
45.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of carried out in their work.(  )
A.which B.what C.that D.them
46.There are twenty people in the medical team, _________.(  )
A.three nurses included
B.which including three nurses
C.that includes three nurse
D.three of them are nurse
47.He invented a lot of things, many of ______ taken ______ granted by people.(  )
A.them; for B.which; for C.what; for D.which; of
48.She was wearing jeans and a sweater, sitting at the table I had just cleaned, a pile of papers ______ around her.(  )
A.is spreading B.spreads
C.spread D.having spread
49.________,the text became easier for us to learn.(  )
A.Explaining new words
B.New words explained
C.Being explained new words
D.Having explained new words
50.This shop sells a variety of shoes,______from ﹩50 to﹩100.(  )
A.the prices of them ranging
B.the prices of them range
C.whose prices ranging
D.and their prices ranging
参考答案与试题解析
1.My son went out to play football,his lessons___________ for the day.(  )
A.was finished B.being finished
C.to be finished D.finished
【分析】我儿子出去踢足球,他今天的课都上完了。
【解答】分析句子,句中已有谓语,设空处应用非谓语动词,his lessons___________ for the day为独立主格结构,finish和逻辑主语his lessons之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。
故选:D。
【点评】考查独立主格结构,做题时,分析句子,结合句意和选项做出判断。
2.Many young people, most _____ well received, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(  )
A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those
【分析】许多年轻人,大多数都深受好评,去偏远的地区去追寻他们的梦想.
【解答】答案:B 考查独立主格结构."of which"和"of whom"引导非限制性定语从句,空格后面well是副词,修饰形容词received(被承认的、被一致认可的),没有谓语动词,故此处并非是非限制性定语从句,排除选项A和C."of them"them指代前面名词people,名词(代词)+形容词,可判断为独立主格结构.选项B符合题意.
故选:B。
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构.熟记独立主格结构的构成及在句子中的用法,结合语境作出正确选择.
3.There are so many tall trees in the forest,__________.(  )
A.some of them measures 50 metres
B.some of which measuring 50 metres
C.some of them measuring 50 metres
D.some of which measures 50 metres
【分析】森林里有这么多的参天大树,有的高达50米.
【解答】答案:C
解析:分析所给选项可知,B、D选项是将后面的部分当作了非限制性定语从句;但是B选项的错误之处在于谓语动词使用错误(measuring为非谓语动词,即不能作谓语),D选项的错误之处在于定语从句的主语是复数形式的some(tress),故谓语动词应使用相应的复数形式(measure).A、C选项是将后面的部分看作了独立主格,因为前后句子的主语不一致(前面句子的主语是so many tall trees,而后面句子的主语是some of the trees);measure"测量"一词是"主动表被动",故后面的独立主格句子中位于动词应使用现在分词形式(即measuring).综上,本题答案为C选项.
故选:C。
【点评】本题考查独立主格,做此类题目时一定要结合题干及所给选项仔细分析句子结构,准确判断出句子所缺成分及该成分由什么来充当.
4.Frank went back home, to study much harder than before.(  )
A.with his mind making up
B.his mind making up
C.with his mind made up
D.his mind being made up
【分析】弗兰克回到家里,比以前更加努力地学习了。
【解答】答案 C 根据题意,弗兰克回到家里,比以前更加努力地学习了。由题意可知,his mind和make up之间是属于被动关系,由此可排除A和B;该题的逗号后面是一个状语,如果用独立主格结构来表达,则为:his mind made up……。如果用his mind being made up翻译成"正在下定决心去……",则句意不同,句意表明该动作其实已经发生了,而不是正在发生。如果用with的复合结构则为:with his mind made up……故选:C。
【点评】本题着重考查独立主格结构,这就要求我们学生在平时学习的过程中要时刻关注独立主格结构,也可以考虑将分词和独立主格结构放在一起对比记忆,这样更加有利于加深对于独立主格结构的理解和记忆。
5.__________ several times, but unfortunately, the boy still couldn't smooth away the problem on his own.(  )
A.Having explained it
B.The teacher having explained it
C.The teacher had explained it
D.Although the teacher had explained it
【分析】虽然老师解释了很多遍,但不幸的是,这个男孩仍然无法独自解决这个问题。
【解答】结合句意可知,explain的逻辑主语是the teacher,两者之间是主动关系,故在独立主格结构中用主语+现在分词,C选项符合题意。而D选项中although是不可以与句中but连用的。
故选:B。
【点评】考查独立主格结构,需要考生分析出动词的主语及主被动关系。
6.___,they went home,___.(  )
A.Their work had been finished; singing and laughing
B.They had finished their work; sang and laughed
C.Their work finished; singing and laughing
D.After their work finished; singing and laughing
【分析】他们的工作完成了,他们唱着笑着回家了.
【解答】答案是C.本题考查分词的独立主格结构.分词的独立主格结构是"主语+分词"的结构,注意2点:1)分词的选择看分词和结构中的主语的关系;2)结构中不能用谓语动词,不看成句子,后面可以接完整的句子.本题逗号后面是完整的句子,逗号前若用完整的句子则需要并列连词或从属连词,但是D项中after 引导的时间状语从句中work和finish之间是被动关系,正确的表达因为"After their work was finished",所以D错误.A和B的第一部分是完整的句子,缺少连词连接两句,所以A和B错误;C项是"主语(Their work)+过去分词(finished)"构成的独立主格结构,符合要求;第二部不中sing和dance是做伴随状语,与句子主语之间是主动关系,所以用singing and dancing,故选C.
【点评】首先判断选项中的动词在句中是以谓语还是非谓语形式出现,然后根据选项在句中的功能结合非谓语的基本用法做出合理的判断.
7.It _________ heavily,the outing had to be put off.(  )
A.being rained B.being raining
C.raining D.rains
【分析】雨下得很大,郊游不得不推迟。
【解答】分析句子,the outing had to be put off为主句,It _________ heavily为独立主格结构,设空处应用非谓语动词,it和rain之间为主动关系,应用raining。
故选:C。
【点评】做题时分析句子,结合句意和选项做出判断。
8.It _______ a hot day,we'd better go swimming.(  )
A.is B.to be C.being D.been
【分析】天气这么热,我们最好去游泳。
【解答】分析句子可知,该空处部分在句子中作状语,表原因,是独立主格结构,动词be与逻辑主语It是主谓关系,所以用现在分词。
故选:C。
【点评】熟练掌握非谓语动词的用法。
9.He wrote many children's books,nearly half of____published in the 1990s.(  )
A.whom B.them C.which D.that
【分析】他写了很多儿童书籍,几乎有一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的.
【解答】答案:B.
分析句子结构可知,He wrote many children's books为句子的主句部分,而句子中间只有一个标点逗号,没有任何连词,而后一句中只有主语nearly half of…和过去分词published,所以可知应该使用独立主格结构;故选B.本句易误选C项,把第二句话看作是非限制性定语从句,但这样的话句子的谓语部分是不完整的,书籍应该是被出版,故可排除.
故选:B。
【点评】独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子.独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系.这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开.需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词.
10.________,we'll go camping this weekend.(  )
A.Weather permitting
B.If weather is permitted
C.Weather permits
D.Weather permitted
【分析】如果天气允许的话,我们本周末将去野营.
【解答】答案:A.
分析句子结构可知,逗号之后为主句,逗号之前为独立主格结构,主句的主语为"we"而分词的逻辑主语为"Weather",逻辑主语与"permit"之间为主动关系,因此独立主格结构"Weather permitting"作状语,相当于状语从句"If weather permits",因此A项符合语境,故选A.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.独立主格结构的基本结构是:名词或主格词+现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、名词、介词短语、副词.两部分之间没有连接词连接.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.
11.__________, your article is of greater value than his.(  )
A.All things considered
B.All things considering
C.All things are considered
D.All things are considering
【分析】综合考虑,你的文章比他的更有价值.
【解答】分析句子及选项可知,All things 与动词 consider之间为被动关系,排除B和D两项;C项是完整的句子,与后面句子之间缺少连接词,故排除;A项为独立主格结构,其结构为:名词+过去分词,在句子中作条件状语,符合语境.
故选:A.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构.在解题中,应先分析句子结构,熟记独立主格结构的构成及在句子中的作用,结合语境给出正确选择.
12.There ______ no buses, we had to take a taxi.(  )
A.being B.was C.is D.were
【分析】由于没有公共汽车,我们只好乘出租车.
【解答】句子之间有逗号隔开,中间没有任何连接词,逗号后面是完整的句子,所以句中含有独立主格结构. there be句型中的动词是be动词,不能有被动式, 所以用现在分词.
故选:A.
【点评】独立主格结构由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语.前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系.独立主格结构在句中作状语,多用于书面语. 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等.
13.John said, "_________, we went for a swim."(  )
A.Being hot B.It being hot
C.As it is hot D.It was hot
【分析】约翰说到:"天太热了,我们去游了泳".
【解答】答案:B.考查独立主格结构作状语和时态.主句和空格处的主语不一致,不能说"我们是热的",因此不能直接用现在分词作状语,A项错误;C项语法上是正确的,但是时态错误;D项缺少连词,因为两个句子之间要用连词连接,所以D项错误;B项中it指代天气,与being hot构成独立结构,在句子作状语.
故选:B.
【点评】考查独立主格结构.做题时我们有时可以用排除法,结合考虑时态、逻辑主语和连词等这些方面,最终选出正确答案.
14.The college announced the students exchange program, most of ______ students having submitted their application forms.(  )
A.them B.which C.whose D.its
【分析】学院宣布了学生交流计划,大部分学生都提交了申请表.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构.根据句意和结构可知两句话之间是逗号,但是没有连词,而且逗号后面用了非谓语动词having submitted,属于独立主格结构.用形容词性物主代词its,不能用关系代词.
故选:D.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构,两句话被逗号隔开,没有连词,用逻辑主语+非谓语动词构成,在句中作状语.
15.In Alice Munro's novel, Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, , decides to flee.(  )
A.her unhappiness being built into desperation
B.her unhappiness has built into desperation
C.her unhappiness builds into desperation
D.her unhappiness building into desperation
【分析】在艾丽丝 蒙罗的小说里,卡拉陷入了一段糟糕的婚姻中,她的不幸被建立在绝望之中,她决定逃离.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构.根据句意和结构可知两句话有逗号隔开,用独立主格结构,her unhappiness和build是被动关系,用现在分词的被动式.
故选:A.
【点评】1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
2.名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系.
3.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.
16.﹣ Hey, Jenny, my online car﹣hailing service is unavailable. Could you reserve a car for tomorrow?
﹣ Sorry, the upgrade_______, my phone has been bricked﹣it's stuck in emergency mode and won't start up.(  )
A.not to complete B.not completing
C.not completed D.not having completed
【分析】﹣嘿,珍妮,我的网上叫车服务不可用.你能预订明天的车吗?
﹣抱歉,升级未完成,我的手机已被屏蔽,它卡在紧急模式下,无法启动.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构.根据句意和结构可知两句话之间没有连词.逗号后面是句子,前面应该是独立主格结构, the upgrade和complete是被动关系,用过去分词.
故选:C。
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构,两句话被逗号隔开,没有连词,用逻辑主语+非谓语动词构成,在句中作状语.
17.__________,I went out for a walk.(  )
A.There was nothing to do
B.There being nothing to do
C.There had nothing to do
D.There were nothing to do
【分析】无事可做,我出去散了一会儿步。
【解答】答案:B.分析句子结构可知,逗号后是完整的主句,中间没有任何连接词,前面的应该是独立主格结构,there be句型中的be动词如果用不定式形式表示"将要有…",本句表示"无事可做",不是将要,所以应该用现在分词形式。
故选:B。
【点评】独立主格结构由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中作状语,多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。
18.He wrote lots of best﹣sellers throughout his life,the majority of translated into English.(  )
A.which B.what C.them D.whose
【分析】他一生写了很多畅销书,大部分都译成了英文.
【解答】答案:C 考查独立主格结构.分析句子可知,所填单词代指前面名词best﹣sellers(畅销书),作介词of的宾语.动词translate(翻译)与the majority of the best﹣sellers 之间为被动关系,故此处translated为过去分词形式,可判断为独立主格结构.独立主格结构不能用连接词连接,排除选项A、B和D.C项正确.
故选:C。
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构.熟记独立主格结构的构成及用法,结合语境作出正确选择.
19.The interviewee's hands ________,the interviewer observed that the young graduate was extremely tense.(  )
A.folded B.to fold C.fold D.folding
【分析】被受访者双手交叉,采访者观察到那个年轻的毕业生及其紧张。
【解答】答案 A 根据题意,被受访者双手交叉,采访者观察到那个年轻的毕业生及其紧张。本句考查过去分词的独立主格结构。此处的interviewer是句子的主语,而interviewee's hands是fold的逻辑主语,和hold之间是一种被动关系,是过去分词的独立主格结构。故选:A。
【点评】单项选择题考查内容广泛,涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的覆盖面,设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。
20._______ Sunday, the library doesn't open.(  )
A.Being B.It is
C.It being D.There being
【分析】今天是星期天,图书馆不开门.
【解答】分析题干及选项可知,____Sunday在句子中如果是一个完整的句子,需要加连接词,而本句中没有连接处,故排除B项;其逻辑主语是It,不是the library,排除A和D;这一部分在句子中为独立的结构作原因状语.
故选:C.
【点评】在理解语境的前提下分析句子结构确定句子成分,掌握独立主格结构的几种常见表达法.
21.The Amazon rainforest is considered the lungs of Earth,much of____ located in Brazil.(  )
A.which B.what C.it D.that
【分析】亚马逊雨林被认为是地球的肺,其中大部分位于巴西.
【解答】根据固定搭配be located in位于,可知much of____ located in Brazil中没有be,所以不是句子,所以排除连接词A、B选项,that作代词,表示同名不同物,it指代同名同物,此处指代The Amazon rainforest ,故选it.
故选:C。
【点评】独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语.前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系.
22.All of flights _______called off because of the terrible weather, they had to go there by train.(  )
A.were B.having been
C.being D.had been
【分析】由于天气恶劣,所有的航班都被取消了,他们只好坐火车去那儿.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构.根据句意和结构可知逗号后面是句子,前面应该是独立主格结构,all flights和call off是被动关系,而且是先被取消,然后他们乘火车去那里.用现在分词的被动式.
故选:B.
【点评】1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
2.名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系.
3.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.
23.______ Sunday, the family decided to go for a picnic.(  )
A.It was B.It is C.It being D.As was
【分析】今天是星期天,全家决定去野餐.
【解答】答案:C 考查独立主格.现在分词可以用作句子的状语,本句的原因状语采用独立主格结构,由于主句的主语和现在分词结构的逻辑主语不一致,故在作状语的现在分词前加了逻辑主语it.此处是一个独立主格前后没有连词,所以用独立主格.
故选:C.
【点评】独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
24.﹣﹣﹣Oh!Dear!It's so dark here.
﹣﹣﹣Take my hand,eyes_______,and you will not get lost.(  )
A.being closed B.closed
C.to close D.are closed
【分析】﹣﹣﹣哦!亲爱的!这里太黑了.
﹣﹣﹣握住我的手,闭上眼睛,你就不会迷路了.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构.根据句意和结构可知这句话使用祈使句+and+简单句,中间的成分不能是句子,而且独立主格结构,用名词eyes+过去分词closed构成,表示被动关系.
故选:B。
【点评】1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
2.名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系.
3.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.
25.Time_________, I'll drop in on you while visiting your hometown.(  )
A.permit B.permitted
C.being permitted D.permitting
【分析】如果时间允许的话,我会顺便去拜访你的家乡。
【解答】答案:D.分析句子结构可知,逗号后是完整的主句,中间没有任何连接词,前面的应该是独立主格结构,time和动词permit是主动关系,所以用现在分词。
故选:D。
【点评】独立主格结构由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中作状语,多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。
26._______the teacher watching me by the desk,I felt uneasy and couldn't focus my attention.(  )
A.Since B.For C.As D.With
【分析】老师在桌子旁边看着我,我感到不安,无法集中注意力.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构.根据句意和结构可知这里使用with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构,since,for,as表示原因的时候是连词.
故选:D.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构,两句话被逗号隔开,没有连词,用逻辑主语+非谓语动词构成,在句中作状语.
27.It ______ now pretty late,we took our things and returned to our room.(  )
A.is B.being C.turned D.got
【分析】现在已经很晚了,我们拿着东西回到房间.
【解答】考查独立主格结构.分析可知逗号前面的部分是独立主格结构,是因为独立主格结构的逻辑主语it与句子的主语we不同.it在本题中意思是"天;天气",与后面的动词be/turn/get是逻辑上的主动关系,应该使用v﹣ing形式,即:being/turning/getting.
故选:B。
【点评】独立主格中to do,doing,done的区别:
1.不定式to do表示动作没有发生或即将发生,且to do动作的执行者是句子的主语.动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式.
The manager looks worried,many things to settle.
经理看上去很着急,有这么多的事情要处理.
The four of us agreed on a division of labor,each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一.
Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly﹣built school will look even more
beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美.
2.动词﹣ed形式表示动作已经结束,与﹣ed的主语构成被动关系.
He was listening attentively in class,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板.
The workers worked still harder,their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了.
The president assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
  总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中.
3.动词﹣ing式往往表示动作正在进行,﹣ing的主语和动作构成主动关系.
The food being cooked,the boy was watching TV.
小孩一边做饭,一边看电视.
The girl staring at him,he didn't know what to say.
姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.
Time permitting,we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游.
4.另外还有两种固定形式:
1)There being +名词(代词)如:
There being nothing else to do,we went home.
没有别的事可做,我们就回家了.
There being no further business,I declare the meeting closed.
没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会.
2)It being +名词(代词)如:
It being Christmas,the government offices were closed.
由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息.
It being a holiday,all the shops were shut.
由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了.
28.Titled Pain,the book contains 51 poems,________ written in the past three years,Zhao told China Daily in Beijing.(  )
A.most of which B.most of them
C.most of what D.most of it
【分析】在北京赵先生告诉《中国日报》,名为Pain的这本书里面有51首诗,它们中的大部分都是在过去的三年中所写的.
【解答】考查独立主格结构.分析句子结构可知,本题考查的是"名词/代词+分词"的独立主格结构,因此选择most of them.most of which为一定语从句的引导词,后面缺少have been,可排除;what不能代替前面的名词 51 poems;而D项中的it只能代替前面的单数名词,这两项都可排除.
故选:B。
【点评】独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
29._______, a man who has a good command of English is sure to enjoy an advantage over a man whose command is poor.(  )
A.Other things being equal
B.Other things were equal
C.To be equal to other things
D.Other things to be equal
【分析】在其他条件相同的情况下,英语好的人一定比英语不好的人有优势.
【解答】答案:A.考查独立主格结构.本句中没有连接词,因此所填部分不是句子,排除B项;根据句意:在其他条件相同的情况下,英语好的人一定比英语不好的人有优势,可知C项与句意不符,排除C项;other things与be equal间是主动关系,表示一般的情况,不表示将来,排除D项.
故选:A.
【点评】处理独立主格类题目时,一看句子间有无连词,二看主被动关系.
30.All flights ______ because of the snow﹣storm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.(  )
A.were canceled B.having been canceled
C.had been canceled D.have been canceled
【分析】所有航班由于暴风雪都被取消了,许多乘客只能坐火车.
【解答】答案:B 考查独立主格结构.本句中间加了逗号,而无连词连接,所以空格处应用非谓语动词作状语;all flights是动词cancel的逻辑主语,逗号前为独立主格结构.B项正确.
故选:B.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构.分析句子结构确定非谓语动词形式,结合语境给出正确选择.
31.School Art Festivals often include diverse activities like crosstalks and plays,all _________on a school's traditions.(  )
A.resting B.rested
C.to rest D.having rested
【分析】学校艺术节包括各种各样的活动,如相声、戏剧,这些活动依赖学校的传统.
【解答】答案:A.考查独立主格结构.本句中,all指代diverse activities,是rest on的逻辑主语,rest on意为依赖,与其逻辑主语间构成主动关系,应该用现在分词的一般式.
故选:A。
【点评】处理独立此主格类题目时,一看句子间有无连词,二看主被动关系.
32.Ann never dreams of ______ a chance for her to go abroad.(  )
A.being B.there will be
C.there being D.there to be
【分析】Ann从来没有奢望自己会有出国的机会.
【解答】答案选C.
试题分析:考查非谓语动词.介词后的宾语从句应用连接词引导,排除B;介词后不能直接跟不定式,排除D.A、C项的动名词都能作宾语,但根据句意,空白后说的是有机会做某事,故应填动名词的复合结构,there作逻辑主语. 故选C.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构.这个语法内容是高考常考题型,主要考查考生该语法的理解,做题时要考虑独立主格结构与非谓语形式的区别,因此这类题有一定的难度,做题时要充分分析句子结构,在此基础上结合语境做出正确的选择.
33.Time ______, I'll pay a visit to you while I am in your hometown.(  )
A.permitting B.permits
C.permitted D.will permit
【分析】如果时间允许,我在你家乡的时候会去拜访你.
【解答】答案:A 考查独立主格结构.本题中没有连词,空格后加了逗号,且动词permit有独立的主语time,据此可以判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词.名词time与动词permit(允许)之间为主谓关系,用现在分词形式.A项正确.
故选:A.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构.分析句子结构确定句子成分,掌握独立主格结构的构成及在句子中的用法,结合语境作出正确选择.
34.The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street,______ a small red cap.(  )
A.each of them has B.they each have
C.every wears D.each wearing
【分析】男女在校生在沿街行走,他们每人都戴着一顶小红帽.
【解答】答案:D.因为两句之间是逗号,而且没有连接词,所以用独立主格D each wearing,两词主句是主动关系.ABC是句子,如果用它们,两句之间用句号或者连词.
故选:D。
【点评】考查独立主格.
英文中的逗号表示前后是一个句子,用并列句,复合句或非谓语动词.句号表示前后是两个句子.
35.A database of Europe﹣wide population of 340 bird species _______,researches drew a conclusion that some 36% of European migratory bird species were in decline.(  )
A.being analyzed B.had been analyzed
C.analyzed D.to be analyzed
【分析】对欧洲范围内340中鸟类的数据做了分析之后,调查人员得出结论,认为大约36%的欧洲迁移的鸟类在减少.
【解答】考查独立主格结构,非谓语动词中的独立主格结构做状语,analyse与database是被动关系,且发生在主句drew a conclusion之前,所以用过去分词形式.
故选:C。
【点评】考查独立主格结构,应判断该动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系,再使用动词的正确形式.
36.All things__________(consider), Mary is the most suitable person.(  )
A.谓语;are considered B.谓语;are considering
C.非谓语;considering D.非谓语;considered
【分析】所有的事情都考虑在内,玛丽是最合适的人.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构.根据句意和结构可知逗号后面是简单句,前面不能是简单句,需要独立主格结构,things和consider是被动关系,用过去分词.
故选:D.
【点评】谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类.不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词构成的谓语都是简单谓语.
37.________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(  )
A.The president will attend
B.The president to attend
C.The president attended
D.The president's attending
【分析】总统亲自出席会议给了他们很大的鼓励.
【解答】答案:D 考查独立主格结构.通过分析,____ the meeting himself 是句子的主语部分,AC两项作主语时前面需加连接词That,引导主语从句.故排除.B项表达错误;D项为动名词的复合结构在句子中作主语,符合语境.
故选:D.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构.掌握独立主格结构的构成及用法,结合语境作出正确选择.
38.So far all cloned animals have suffered from some different serious disorders, _____dying soon after birth.(  )
A.many of them B.many of whom
C.many of which D.many of that
【分析】到目前为止,所有克隆动物都患有一些不同的严重疾病,他们其中许多出生不久就死了.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构.根据句意和结构可知两句话之间没有连词,前面是完整的句子,后面应该是独立主格结构.用many of them作逻辑主语,them指代 different serious disorders,后面是现在分词.
故选:A.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构,两句话被逗号隔开,没有连词,用逻辑主语+非谓语动词构成,在句中作状语.
39.All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.(  )
A.canceling B.to cancel
C.having been canceled D.being canceled
【分析】所有航班由于暴风雪都被取消了,许多乘客只能坐火车.
【解答】答案:C 考查独立主格结构.结合题干及选项可知,逗号前面为独立主格结构,动词cancel(取消)与其独立主语all flight之间为动宾关系,而且动作发生在谓语动词do nothing but take 之前,用现在分词的完成被动式.C项符合题意.
故选:C.
【点评】本题考查现在分词.熟记现在分词在句子中的不同用法,掌握独立主格结构的不同构成形式,结合语境作出正确选择.
40._______ Sunday, the students are at home.(  )
A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being
【分析】今天是星期天,学生们在家.
【解答】答案:D 考查独立主格结构.分析题干及选项可知,be动词与主语the students之间没有关系,需要独立的主语,故排除选项A和B;C项,句子之间缺少连接词;D项,逗号前为独立主格结构在句子中作状语,符合语境.
故选:D.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构.分析句子成分,掌握独立主格结构及在句子中的用法,结合语境给出正确选择.
41.The superhero movie Avengers: Endgame topped Chinese mainland box office,Capernaum ___________ the second place.(  )
A.took B.taken
C.having taken D.taking
【分析】超级英雄电影《复仇者》:终极之战占领了中国大陆票房,《迦百农》占据了第二.
【解答】答案:D.考查独立主格结构,逗号前面是真正的主句,使用谓语动词,后面的是独立主格结构,有自己的主语,与take place是主动关系,使用现在分词,结合句意,超级英雄电影《复仇者》:终极之战占领了中国大陆票房,《迦百农》占据了第二.
故选:D.
【点评】本题考查完成句子,根据句意判断应该使用什么单词或短语,注意时态和语态的使用.有的句子可以有不止一种翻译.
42._____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon.(  )
A.Judged B.Judging
C.Having judged D.To judge
【分析】从表面看, 一切都很平静. 但是事实上,一场战争很快就会爆发.
【解答】本题考查独立结构. judging from/ by…由…判断, 是一个独立的结构,在英语中像这样的结构还有: to be honest/ frank, to tell the truth, to make matters worse, honestly/ frankly/ generally speaking, believe it or not, etc. 这类结构可以单独使用,作状语.
故选:B.
【点评】本题考查独立结构. 在英语中像这样的独立结构judging from/by, to be honest/ frank, to tell the truth, to make matters worse, honestly/ frankly/ generally speaking, believe it or not, etc.可以单独使用,作状语. 考生在学习非谓语动词时, 就要注意积累这些结构.
43.Work________, we left the office.(  )
A.finishing B.had been finished
C.having finished D.finished
【分析】工作完成了,我们离开了办公室.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构,根据句意和结构可知这里两句话之间没有连词,属于独立主格结构,work和finish是被动和完成的关系,用过去分词.
故选:D.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构,两句话被逗号隔开,没有连词,用逻辑主语+非谓语动词构成,在句中作状语.
44.Almost all metals are good conductors, _______.(  )
A.and silver being the best of all
B.silver is the best of all
C.silver being the best of all
D.while silver being the best of all
【分析】几乎所有的金属都是好的导体,其中银最佳.
【解答】答案:C.考查独立主格结构.在英语中,两个句子不能用逗号连接,排除B项;A项中,and是并列连词,然而and之后不是一个句子,故排除;D项中,while是并列连词,然而while之后不是一个句子,故排除.故选:C.
【点评】处理非谓语动词类题目时,一看有没有谓语动词,二看主被动关系,三看复合结构,结合句意,做出准确判断.
45.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of carried out in their work.(  )
A.which B.what C.that D.them
【分析】他们在会上提出了许多计划,没有一个在工作中执行.
【解答】答案:D.考查独立主格结构,前后没有连接词,后面不能是句子,none of后面的词是plans,所以用them代替,和carry out是被动关系,所以用过去分词的独立主格结构作状语.
故选:D.
【点评】做定语从句题时:我们可先将不是关系代词或关系副词的选项去掉,然后采用"代入原则"并同时结合定语从句的关系词之间的相关区别来进行解题.所谓"代入原则"就是试着把先行词即被定语从句修饰限制的那个词放进从句中,能直接代入的就用关系代词(不包括whose),不能直接代入的可能有三种情况,要么用关系副词,要么用介词加关系代词which或whom,要么就用关系代词whose.
46.There are twenty people in the medical team, _________.(  )
A.three nurses included
B.which including three nurses
C.that includes three nurse
D.three of them are nurse
【分析】医疗队有20个人,其中包含3个护士。
【解答】此处考查独立主格,它的结构为:有动作的逻辑主语,但是没谓语,其用法为:主动用现在分词doing,被动用过去分词done,表示将来用不定式to do,在这个句子中用过去分词included表示被动。即:三个护士被包括在内。
故选:A。
【点评】考查独立主格的详细用法。
47.He invented a lot of things, many of ______ taken ______ granted by people.(  )
A.them; for B.which; for C.what; for D.which; of
【分析】他发明了很多东西,其中东西许多大家都不以为然.
【解答】考查独立主格结构. 该题容易看成是定语从句,如果是定语从句,taken的前面应该有were,所以这里是独立主格结构, 第一个空用代词them; take sth for granted认为某事物理所应当,相当然,所以第二空填for.
故选:A.
【点评】此题考查非谓语动词,需要首先分析句子成分,然后利用判断非谓语动词的方法进行区分和判断.
48.She was wearing jeans and a sweater, sitting at the table I had just cleaned, a pile of papers ______ around her.(  )
A.is spreading B.spreads
C.spread D.having spread
【分析】她穿着牛仔裤和毛衣,坐在我刚擦干净的桌子旁,一堆文件散落在她周围.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构,根据句意和结构可知这句话的主干是She was wearing jeans and a sweater,后面是现在分词作状语,和独立主格结构作状语,a pile of papers和spread是被动关系,用过去分词.
故选:C.
【点评】英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式.主动语态是无标记的,而被动语态则是有标记的.被动语态由"助动词be+过去分词"构成.助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化.
49.________,the text became easier for us to learn.(  )
A.Explaining new words
B.New words explained
C.Being explained new words
D.Having explained new words
【分析】新单词被解释后,这篇文章我们 学习起来简单的多了.
【解答】答案:B
分析句子结构可知,the text became easier for us to learn是主句,所以空出不能再是个完整的句子,故要使用独立主格结构来表示,即主语+分词.new words和explain之间是被动关系,
故选:B。
【点评】考生要掌握独立主格结构,即主语+分词.然后再结合具体语境判断.
50.This shop sells a variety of shoes,______from ﹩50 to﹩100.(  )
A.the prices of them ranging
B.the prices of them range
C.whose prices ranging
D.and their prices ranging
【分析】这家商店出售各种各样的鞋,价格从50英镑到100英镑不等.
【解答】本题考查独立主格结构,根据句意和结构可知两句话之间没有连词,前面是简单句,后面应该使用独立主格结构,用逻辑主语+现在分词ranging构成.
故选:A.
【点评】本题考查独立主格结构,两句话被逗号隔开,没有连词,用逻辑主语+非谓语动词构成,在句中作状语.