2022年中考英语二轮专题复习：专题7 动词与动词短语 课件(共58张PPT)

课件(共58张PPT)
第一模块　语法专题突破
专题七　动词与动词短语
考点聚焦
1．动词的基本形式
英语动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去分词和过去式。
考点
动词
基本形式 情况 构成规则 举例
第三人称 单数 一般情况 加-s put→puts, help→helps
以-s，-ch，-x，-sh，-o结尾的动词 加-es watch→watches, go→goes
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词 变y为i，再加-es study→studies，carry→carries
基本形式 情况 构成规则 举例
动词-ing 形式 一般情况 加-ing teach→teaching, listen→listening
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写这个辅音字母再加-ing get→getting, run→running
以-ie结尾的动词 变ie为y再加-ing lie→lying, tie→tying
以不发音e结尾的动词 去e再加-ing wake→waking，have→having
基本形式 情况 构成规则 举例
过去式与 过去分词 一般情况 加-ed look→looked→looked
以-e结尾的动词 加-d move→moved→moved
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词 变y 为 i 再加-ed study→studied→studied
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写这个辅音字母再加-ed plan→planned→planned
2．实义动词
(1)及物动词
用法 举例
动词＋宾语 I like Chinese.
动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 常见带双宾语的动词有：give，bring，buy，lend，tell, show, pass, offer, leave, make, teach, sell He gave the boy an apple.
→The boy was given an apple.
→An apple was given to the boy.
Please pass me the book.
→Please pass the book to me.
用法 举例
动词＋宾语＋宾补(带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：make, let, see, watch, hear, notice, have, help, feel) We saw the children sing that morning.
→The children were seen to sing that morning.
(2)不及物动词
用法 常见短语 举例
v. ＋ prep. talk to，talk with, speak to, laugh at, worry about, wait for, arrive in/at, listen to I will think about it carefully before I make a decision.
v. ＋ adv. put on, take off, ring up, try on, look over, pick up, turn up, come back Please pick up the pencil.
＝Please pick the pencil up.
用法 常见短语 举例
v. ＋ adv. ＋ prep. keep away from, look forward to, come up with, run out of, look down upon/on He gets along well with his classmates.
v. ＋ n. ＋ prep. have a look at, take care of, make friends with, pay attention to You must pay more attention to your handwriting.
用法 常见短语 举例
特殊动词 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如：study, open, close, read, grow, drive, play, sing。 They are flying kites.
Birds can fly.
?知识延伸
①延续性动词(持续性动词)表示动作是可以延续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语(since＋时间点， for＋时间段)连用，如teach, work, live, keep, stay, study, dance等。如：
The film has been on for 15 minutes.
②非延续性动词(终止性动词)表示瞬间动作，动作一发生便立即结束，如：buy, catch, join, go, die, lend, begin, stop, lend, borrow, arrive, reach等。非延续性动词不能够与表示一段时间的状语连用，如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他的词代替。如：The old man has been dead for 6 years.
(3)动词短语
(4)常见的动词词义辨析
?知识延伸
think over 意为“仔细考虑”，it或them放在中间，一般指考虑问题
think about 意为“考虑”，宾语it或them放在介词后
think of 意为“想起”
turn on 意为“打开，接通(电流、煤气、水等)”
turn off 意为“关闭，切断(电流、煤气、水等)”
turn up 意为“调高(音量等)”
turn down 意为“调低(音量等)”
(　　)1．(2020新疆)—I don’t know how to __________ the old clothes.
—You can give them away to the charity.
A．hand in B．deal with
C．take up D．clean up
备考演练
B　
(　　)2．(2020凉山)A lot of schools across China __________ starting classes because of COVID -19．
A．put up B．put off
C．put on D．put away
(　　)3．All children are __________ the day when they can go back to school.
A．looking up B．taking care of
C．taking out D．looking forward to
B　
D　
(　　)4．Yueda Group has found a way to __________ the waste and doesn’t put it into the river any more.
A．produce B．recycle
C．require D．protect
(　　)5．—Do you like the song See You Again
—Of course, it __________ really beautiful and touching.
A．looks　　　　 B．feels
C．sounds D．smells
B　
C　
1．常见的情态动词
考点
情态动词
情态动词 过去式 词义 举例
can could 能；会；可以 He can swim.
may might 可以；也许 You may take a seat here.
must — 必须；一定 I must leave now.
have/has to had to 不得不 Jenny doesn’t have to do the dishes herself.
情态动词 过去式 词义 举例
should/ought to — 应该 We shouldn’t/ought not to waste too much time.
need — 需要 I needn’t go to school today.
注意：need作情态动词使用时只用于否定句和疑问句中
had better — 最好 You had better not miss the last bus.
补充说明：
四个情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。如：
—Can/Could you go swimming with us
—Yes，I can./—No，I can’t.
—May I borrow your bike
—Yes，you may/can./Yes，please/certainly./Sure./OK.
—No，you must’t/can’t./Please don’t.
—Must I leave right now
—Yes, you must./—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
—Need she stay here
—Yes，she must./—No，she needn’t/doesn’t have to.
2．情态动词的常见用法
情态动词 用法 举例
can’t 表示“不可能” That woman can’t be Windy. She is working in the office now.
might 表示“可能”，可能性比 may更小，或表示对过去事情的猜测 She might be at home.
情态动词 用法 举例
may 表示“可能”，可能性较小 —I can’t find my rubber. —It may be in your pencil case.
can 表示潜在的可能性，常用于疑问句和否定句中 —Can it be true？—It can’t be true.
情态动词 用法 举例
must 表示“肯定；一定是”，常用于肯定句中，表示肯定的猜测 These must be Cindy’s clothes.
情态动词表猜测 可能性由小到大依次如下：can’t(不可能)< might < may< could < can< must 3．情态动词与相关词语辨析
动词 用法 举例
can 意为“能，会”，否定式为can’t (cannot) I can play basketball.
can’t help doing sth. “情不自禁做某事” can’t help but do sth. “不得不做某事” We can’t help but wait until Tom comes.
动词 用法 举例
be able to 意为“能，能够”，可用于各种时态，有人称和数的变化 Were you able to keep your resolutions？
may 表示请求、许可时，意为“可以，允许”，比can/could正式，常用于肯定句、一般疑问句中 May I ask you a question？
“May＋祈使句” 表示“祝愿” May you succeed！
动词 用法 举例
has/have to 意为“必须，不得不”，后接动词原形，表示客观实际的需要；否定式为doesn’t/don’t have to，表示“不必”，相当于needn’t —Does Ken have to do the laundry himself
—Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
may be 在句中作谓语，意为“可能是”，其否定式为may not be She may be right.
maybe 是副词，意为“可能，大概”，相当于perhaps，常放在句首，作状语 Maybe she is right.
(　　)6．We __________ try our best to fight against pollution.
A．should　 B．may
C．mustn’t D．needn’t
(　　)7．—Will you go camping with us, Bob
—I’d love to, but I __________ study for the test.
A．may B．must
C．can D．could
备考演练
A　
B　
(　　)8．—Look! Is the young lady wearing a blue dress Grace
—No, it __________ be her. She is picking up my sister at the airport.
A．can’t B．mustn’t
C．can D．must
A　
(　　)9．—China is going to use AI to protect the Great Wall.
—Great! AI is so helpful that people __________ use it in their daily life now.
A．must　 B．can
C．shall D．have to
B　
(　　)10． —It’s too hot. __________ I swim in the lake
—No, you__________. That’s dangerous.
A．Should; can’t B．Need; mustn’t
C．Must; needn’t D．Could; can’t
D　
考点
系动词
(　　)11．(2020新疆)—Look, Cindy. The flowers in our classroom come out in one night.
—That’s fantastic! They are beautiful and colorful. They __________ nice.
A．smells B．smell
C．sounds D．sound
备考演练
B　
(　　)12．—Can you help me meet my friend Steve at the airport, Joe
—With pleasure. What does he look like
—He __________ of medium height and he __________ small eyes.
A．has; has B．is; is
C．has; is D．is; has
D　
考点
助动词
(　　)13．Mike’s been to New York recently, _______？
A．isn’t he B．has he
C．hasn’t he D．hasn’t Mike
(　　)14．—__________ you __________ the Chinese Culture Festival in the Central Square
—Yes. It was really a great success.
A．Are; attending B．Will; attend
C．Do; attend D．Did; attend
备考演练
C　
D　
(　　)15．—__________ you have an eraser，Cindy
—Yes. It’s in my pencil box.
A．Is B．Are
C．Do D．Does
C　
※易混淆考点分析
情态动词must, may, might, can’t 等表推测的用法及区别
(　　)1．—Lucy has been absent for one week. What’s the matter with her
—She __________ be ill. Let’s go and ask Mr.Liu.
A．can B．may
C．must D．shall
B　
(　　)2．The girl running over there __________ be Sunny. Her left leg was hurt in an accident yesterday.
A．must B．can
C．mustn’t D．can’t
(　　)3．Look! The traffic light has turned red. We __________ stop our car.
A．can B．can’t
C．must D．mustn’t
D　
C　
(　　)4．To keep children safe，we __________ put the things like knives and medicine away in our house.
A．may B．should
C．can D．might
B　
真题再现
广东省卷
(　　)1．(2021完形填空，41)Many kids are crazy about space.Last month, a space agency(机构) told the public that they were __________ a planet protection officer.
A．waking up B．looking for
C．dealing with D．talking about
B　
2．(2021短文填空，69)In 1988 Lao Pan first came to China and _________ as a teacher at a university.
worked　
他山之石
(　　)1．(2020安徽)—Hi, Jill. I’d like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma.
—Really Make sure the news is true before you __________ it.
A．receive B．spread
C．cancel D．hear
B　
(　　)2．(2020南京)China’s efforts to stop the spread of COVID -19 will __________ the world’s ability to limit the harm in the near future.
A．imagine B．invent
C．insist D．improve
D　
(　　)3．(2021山东)—What a great success the film Hi, Mum has made!
—That’s true.So far it has __________ tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.
A．attracted B．expected
C．requested D．encouraged
A　
(　　)4．(2021江西)These beautiful animals are endangered.We must __________ them.
A．save　　　　 B．show
C．stop　 D．catch
(　　)5．(2021广西)You should __________ your shoes before you enter the dancing room.
A．get off B．put off
C．take off D．fall off
A　
C　
模拟提升
A．短文填空基础练
1．(原创)In the library, we should ________ making a noise.
2．(原创)As teenagers, we should learn to _________ our time.
3．(原创)Hurry up！I don’t want to _______ the start of the film.
avoid　
manage　
miss　
4．(原创)We would be able to fully _____________ China’s culture, history and tradition through the stories behind the idioms.
5．(原创)You’ll have to ________ the books because there aren’t enough for everyone.
6．(原创)It ________ me about half an hour to get to work by bus every day.
understand　
share　
takes　
7．(原创)Parents should let children ________ home and find more about the world. After all, birds should fly freely in the sky.
8．(原创)I am sure that he is __________ a lie.
9．(改编)Some Chinese government officers have _________ into live-streamers(网络主播). They’re trying their best to help local farmers to improve product sales.
10．(改编)Your idea _________ good. Let’s give it a try and see if it will work.
leave　
telling　
turned　
sounds　
B．完形填空专练
(原创)As a new teacher at Dull Primary School in Denver, Kyle Schwartz thought of a simple way to get to know her third graders, most of whom came from poor families.She asked them to __1__ the note, “I wish my teacher knew…” and share something about themselves.Their honest answers gave the teacher a chance to understand her students’ difficulties.
“I wish my teacher knew I have no pencils to do my homework，” __2__ one child.“I wish my teacher knew sometimes my reading homework is not signed, because my mum is not free a lot，” wrote another.Some __3__ hope for the future.
“I wish my teacher knew that I want to go to college.” “Some notes are really heartbreaking.” Schwartz tells ABC News.“I __4__ deeply about each of my students and I don’t want them to be poor forever.” She explains, “I hoped to know how I could better __5__ them.So I __6__ to let them tell me what I needed to know.That was why I __7__ the fill-in-the-blank exercise.”
Though the third graders were allowed to answer anonymously(匿名), most wanted to include names.And some were even excited to __8__ their notes out loud, like one shy girl who bravely said that she was lonely.“After she told the class, ’I don’t have friends to __9__ me，’ I was worried what they would do，” Schwartz tells US Weekly.“However, I felt encouraged to see how much support the other kids offered her.They __10__ her to play at break and sit with them at lunch.You see, children have an unusual ability to show empathy(同情)．”
“The results have been worrying，” says Schwartz.“It speaks to the importance of giving people a voice and really listening to them.”
(　　)1．A．look B．make
C．complete D．imagine
(　　)2．A．suggested B．copied
C．repeated D．wrote
C　
D　
(　　)3．A．moved B．handed
C．searched D．showed
(　　)4．A．think B．care
C．come D．break
(　　)5．A．forgive B．keep
C．support D．take
(　　)6．A．decided B．refused
C．forgot D．learned
D　
B　
C　
A　
(　　)7．A．gave B．created
C．realized D．increased
(　　)8．A．read B．form
C．build D．write
(　　)9．A．look for B．talk about
C．depend on D．play with
(　　)10．A．invented B．provided
C．invited D．produced
B　
A　
D　
C