译林版（2020）必修第三册：Unit1 Nature in the balance Language points课件（17张）

(共17张PPT)
Unit1 Nature in the balance
Language points
01
Contents
03
02
Words
Phrases
Sentences
01
Words
harm n&vt
region n.
million n.
long adj.
vary v.
tower n./v.
mass n.&adj.
live v.
9.survive vi&vt
伤害，损害
地区；行政区
一百万；许多，大量
长的
改变，变化
塔;高耸于；胜过
大量；团，块；一大群;
大批的；广泛的
生活
生活；生存；幸存，幸免于难
__________adj.有害的
_____________adj.无害的
harmful
harmfless
___________adj.地区的，区域的
___________adv.地方上地，区域地
regional
regionally
__________num.第一百万
______________数百万
millionth
millions of
_________n. 长度；时间的长短；篇幅；（电影）片长
________v.使延长
length
lengthen
________adj.各种各样的
________n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
________种种，各种各样的
various
variety
a variety of/
varieties of
________adj.高大的，高耸的 ；出色的
towering
________大量，许多
________....中的大多数
_______群众
a mass of/masses of
the mass of...
the masses
_________adj.活着的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式
living
_________n.生存
________n.生存者；生还者
_______靠...维持生活
survival
survivor
survive on sth
_______________谋生；维持生计
_________________自食其力
earn/make a living
earn/make one’s own living
appear v.
agriculture n.
extinct adj.
damage vt&n.
climate n.
apply v.
absolute adj.
track vt&vi &n
entire adj.
出现
农业，农学
绝种的，消亡了的
损害，破坏
气候；倾向，风气
应用，申请
完全的，彻底的
跟踪，追踪；足迹；小道；路线
完全的
__________vi.不复存在，灭亡，消亡
____________n.消失
disappear
disappearance
_____________ adj. 农业的，农学的
agricultural
____________ n.灭绝，绝种
extinction
__________adj. 被损害的，受损伤的
____________adj. 损害的，造成破坏的
damaged
damaging
____________adj. 气候的
climatic
_______________n. 应用，运用；申请
_______________在...中得到广泛应用
application
have a wide application in...
___________ （家用）电器，应用
appliance
___________adv. 绝对地，完全地；极其
absolutely
___________________了解...的动态；与...保持联系
keep track of
_______________不了解....的动态；与...失去联系
lose track of
___________adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地
entirely
__________申请人
applicant
defend v.
economy n.
recycle vt.
office n.
poor adj.
poison vt&n.
various adj.
保卫
经济
回收利用，再利用
办公室
贫穷的
污染；毒死，害死；毒物，药物
各种各样的，各种不同的
___________ n. 辩护；防御；保护；防御物；防守；国防
defence
_____________adj.经济的，经济上的，可赚钱的
_____________adj.节省的
_____________n.经济学家
economic
economical
economist
____________n.经济学
economics
___________adj.可回收的，可循环的
recyclable
___________n.文职官员，要员;公务的；正式的；官方的
____________n.警员，军官
official
officer
___________ n.贫穷
poverty
_______________adj.有毒的
poisonous
____________n.种类
_____________________各种各样的，种种
variety
a variety of/ varieties of
Practice:fill in the blanks .
1.【2019.天津3月卷】Like stinky tofu, my uncle’s Down syndrome made me keep my disaster at first.Yet,I learned that deep inside, he is __________ (harm)and has a loving nature.
2.【2019.江苏卷】The bone structure of our ancestors developed for ________(million) of years to support a creature that walked on all fours...
3.【2019.天津】Most of us, in fact,progressively narrow the___________(vary)of our lives.
4.【2019.全国III卷】In addition,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to ________ mass of audience.
5.【2017.北京卷】Many people who live along th coast make a __________(live)in fishing indusrty.
6.【2018.全国卷】None of these seems to have much chances of ___________(survive.)
7.【2019.天津3月卷】My fear _________(appear)gradually,and my muscles relaxed.
8.It is one of the most densely populated_____________________(region) of North America.
9.The________(long)of your talk must be at least 10 minutes.
10.Can you help me __________(length) this skirt.
harmless
millions
variety
a
living
survival
diappeared
regions
length
lengthen
基础运用
11.There is a wide ___________(various)of patterns to choose from.
12.There is ________ variety of football competitions,among which the World Cup is popular with the most people.
13.He was popular with the rich but failed to win the support of _______masses(民众).
14.Of the six people injured in the crash,only two __________(survive).
15.I don’t know how you all manage to survive ______ your husband’s salary.
16.We clean the classroom every week______ turn.
17.They take turns________ (look) after their parents.
18.It’s my turn ___________(deliver) a speech in public.
variety
a
the
survivors
on
in
to look
to deliver
02
Phrases
cut down
be home to =be the home of
play a significant role/part in...
break down
breathe life into...
in turn
due to
in danger of
build up
take in
砍倒；减少，裁员
是......的家园、所在地、栖息地
在......起重要作用
使分解（成），使变化（为）
给......带来起色，注入活力
相应地，转而
由于，因为
有.....的危险
逐渐增加，扩大；建立
吸收；理解；欺骗
as a result
come up with
call for
welcome to sp
draw one’s attention to
a variety of
be made up of
feed on
at least
因此 as a result of （由于，因为）
提出，想出（主意，想法）
（公开）需要，要求
引起某人对...的注意 （to是介词）
种种；各种各样的=varieties of
由...组成
捕食，以...为食
至少 at most(至多)
欢迎来到某地
return...to
by doing sth
be known as
be used for
continue to do sth
afford to do sth
have an effect on
have an impact on
将...返回给...
通过做某事
作为....而出名 be known for（因...而出名）
被用来做某事
持续做某事
负担得起做某事
对...有影响
对...有影响
Practice:translate the following Chinese sentences into English ones.
过多地使用塑料袋会对一个地区的土壤和生态系统造成伤害。（harm,soil,ecosystem,region）
生活在森林中的各种野生生物给该大陆带来新的活力。（vriety,wildlife,breathe life into,cotinent）
那些在那次气候变化中存活下来的物种都是受到外界环境影响较小的。（climate,survive,species,impact）
一些昆虫能够分解垃圾，从而减轻环境的负担。（insect,break down,thus）
与会人员想出了几种方法来避免全球范围内的物种灭绝。（come up with,global,extinction）
此次干旱给农业 带来损害，这就相应地要求农民调整种植计划。（drought,agriculture,damage,in turn,call for）
The overuse of plastic bags will harm the soil and ecosystem of a region.
A variety of wildlif living in the forests breathe life into the continent.
The species that survived that climate change were less impacted by the environment.
Some insects can break down rubbish,thus lightening the burden on the environment.
The participants came up with several ways to avoid the global extinction of species.
The drought has caused damage to agriculture,which in turn calls for the farmers to adjust their planting plans.
03
Sentences
Analysis of long and difficult sentences
(1) Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with sounds of animals.
作jungle的同位语
作伴随状语
翻译：欢迎来到丛林，这是一篇绿色的海洋，处处能听到动物的声音。
（2）The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,including Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent.
=Brazil and Peru included
“代词all+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构。all指eight countries 和one overseas of France
翻译：亚马逊穿过包括巴西和秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。
(3)With an area of around million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
倍数表达法
翻译：亚马逊的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
1）The Earth is 49 times as large as the Moon.
2) He has got three times as many books as his sisters.
常用的倍数表达法有以下几种：
倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as
3)The Earth is 49 times larger than the Moon.
4) Mary is twice taller than her sister.
倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
5)This gallery is twice the size of that one.
6)This river is three times the length of that one
倍数+the size /length/width/depth/weight/...+of+...
(4) The Amazon River ,from which the rainforest gets its name ,is close to 6,400 kilometers in length----roughly 1001 kilometers longer than the Yangtze River.
比较级
”介词+关系代词“引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明The Amazon River
which指The Amazon River
翻译：亚马逊雨林得名于亚马逊河，亚马逊河长约6400千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
（5）Of the 390,000 plant speies known to us,more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.
Practice:
【2020.江苏卷】Many lessons are now available online , from _________ students can choose for free.
which
过去分词短语作后置定语
(6)Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
表语前置，above在句首引起完全倒装
正常语序：The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that.
“凋落的树叶；落叶层”
翻译：往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层
介词短语作后置定语
（6）Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.
此处省略了“there are”
翻译：然后是高耸的，古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。
（7）While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
while引导让步状语从句
注意：while引导让步状语从句时，通常放句首，译为“尽管，虽然”。
翻译:尽管这里生存者数量可观的美洲豹，但是他们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。
while的其他用法：
1）It began to rain while the farmer was selling his produce.
2)He likes football,while I prefer basketball.
当这个农民正在卖农产品时，天开始下雨了。
他喜欢足球，而我更喜欢篮球。
此处while引导时间状语从句，译为“当......时候；与......同时”
此处while连接前后两个并列分句，表示对比，译为“而，然而”