上海徐汇区2020-2021学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力音频，无文字材料）
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徐汇区2020学年高二年级第二学期
期中考试 英语试卷
(考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分)
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A
Directions: in Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She wants to get some rest. B. She needs time to write a paper.
C. She has a meeting to attend. D. She has a health problem.
2. A. Buy three good pairs. B. Buy three cheap pairs.
C. Buy one good pair. D. Buy one cheap pair.
3. A. 12 dollars. B. 36 dollars. C. 30 dollars. D. 20 dollars.
4. A. Tom applied for a job. B. Tom got the job.
C. Tom wanted other jobs. D. Tom was so unlucky.
5. A. Don’t drink beer. B. Don’t use ice.
C. Drink dark beer. D. Drink cold beer.
6. A. Their meeting is at 10 o’clock.
B. The professor is waiting for their call.
C. They should call the professor after the meeting.
D. They should call the professor the next day.
7. A. She is afraid of going there alone.
B. She is busy with her children.
C. She is busy with her new job.
D. Her husband won’t let her go there.
8. A. In a supermarket. B. At a drugstore.
C. In a department store. D. At a car repair shop.
9. A. He has been offered a new job.
B. He has been asked to have a holiday.
C. He has been fired by the company.
D. He has been warned by his boss.
10. A. Angry. B. Worried. C. Confident. D. Bored.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. 400. B. 4,000. C. 300. D. 3,000.
12. A. It uses less fuel and reduces smoke.
B. It lasts longer and costs less.
C. It burns wood or coal.
D. It causes no air pollution.
13. A. In India. B. In Russia C. In China. D. In America.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. When they were 5 or 6 months old. B. On their first day of life.
C. Before they were born. D. When they were 5 or 6 years old.
15. A. By talking B. By smiling. C. By crying. D. By shouting.
16. A. To record a story. B. To do an experiment.
C. To inspect the baby. D. To please the baby.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She only rested a little time between exercises.
B. She did not rest after exercise.
C. She attended the beginner’s class.
D. She attended an advanced exercise class.
18. A. Lifting weights. B. Doing aerobics.
C. Instructing the woman. D. Cooking breakfast.
19. A. Ten o’clock next evening. B. Ten o’clock next morning.
C. Eight o’clock next evening. D. Eight o’clock next morning.
20. A. The winner cooks dinner. B. The winner entertains the family.
C. The loser cooks dinner. D. The loser entertains the family.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (10’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Human memory is notoriously (众所周知地) unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial recognition skills can only remember so much.
It’s tough to quantify how good a person is (21) __________ remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands – based on the number of acquaintances a person (22) __________ have.
Machines aren’t limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees – then recognize a face it (23) __________ (tell) to find – with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is (24) _________ supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It is also what makes contemporary surveillance (监控) systems so scary.
The thing is, machines sill have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. (25) _____________ (figure) out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces – they call it MegaFace – and (26) __________ (test) a variety of facial-recognition algorithms(算法) as they scales up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 7,000 different people – and not just a large database (27) __________ (feature) a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what’s been used in other research.
As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms (28) __________ were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when (29) _________ (face) with 1 million images. That’s still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. “Much better than we expected,” she said,
Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike –either doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble (30) _______ (identify) as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people.
Section B (10’)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. alarming B. properties C. revealed D. invasive E. rescue F. instrumental G. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiatives
Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, (31) ___________ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK (32) ___________ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic (33)___________. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) (34)____________ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.
Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. In view of (35)___________ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.
Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of (36) ___________ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also (37) __________ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was (38) __________ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging (39) ____________ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.
Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and (40)____________ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. (41)_________ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving (42)__________.
The greatest (43) __________ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly (44) _________ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to (45) _________ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. (46)___________, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence (47) ___________. The more we repeat a task, the more mindless it becomes.
Mindless activity is the (48) _________ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes (49) __________. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In (50) ___________, we are merely reinforcing our current habits — not improving them.
Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world
The first effective feedback system is (51) ____________. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any (52) __________ of whether we are getting better or worse.
The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for (53) __________ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you (54) ___________ for delivering your best effort each day.
Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and (55) ____________, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.
41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As
42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence
43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal
44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement
45. A. transport B. transmit C. transplant D. transform
46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand
47. A. carelessly B. inevitably C. instantly D. automatically
48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute
49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted
50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return
51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management
52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern
53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining
54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel
55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspective
Section B (30’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying Well, you are not alone. We’ve all had that feeling. But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to
Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.
Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question “Did you steal Fatima’s bag ”, they may answer with something like “Fatima is my friend. Why would I do that ” In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.
Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.
It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.
Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.
56. By saying “Liars also use deflection” (paragraph 3), the writer means that liars may __________.
A. tell great stories B. change tone of voice
C. ask a question in reply D. avoid direct answers
57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.
A. offers more information than necessary
B. appears to be shy or nervous
C. changes the subject of the conversation
D. speaks very fast and vaguely
58. Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.
B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.
C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.
D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.
59. The passage mainly talks about __________.
A. who deceives us B. why people tell lies
C. how to detect lies D. what to do with liars
(B)
More On: go to greg Is omitting jobs from a resume lying ----------------------- How to handle stress at work ------------------------ How can men and women work better together ------------------------ How will cancer treatment affect my son’s resume ------------------------ What to do if you drank too much at the company holiday party Letter 1 January 28, 2018 | 3:31pm I work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. It seems to me that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutral news, rather than making a correction. Do you agree Moreover, if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you respond The only people who should be included in an e-mail are those who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It’s not like we don’t have enough in our inbox already. I don’t agree that e-mail is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you’ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn’t the best and what you recommend.
Letter 2 January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pm It’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that’s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn’t ask someone out and explain you’re just bored in your current relationship, right At least I hope not, otherwise you’re likely to be as lonely as Barry Manilow sounds when he sings “It’s Just Another New Year’s Eve”.
60. What is discussed in the first letter
A. How to ask questions in a polite way.
B. How to respond to a false charge.
C. How to make a correction at work.
D. How to handle rude mass emails at work.
61. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________.
A. talking about your family issues in public
B. complaining about your prior partner on a first date
C. demonstrating your qualifications to your new boss
D. bragging about your experience to your partner
62. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people’s __________.
A. career choices B. social relationships
C. working problems D. health problems
(C)
When a big boat, like a cruise ship, goes through the ocean, it often creates waves. This happens when the large engines on the back of the cruise ship cause the water on the ocean’s surface move up and down violently. These waves move out from the boat in both directions. If you are captaining a smaller boat, you’d better steer clear of a cruise ship’s wake, so that your boat is not surfing on the waves, causing it to overturn
A wave is a pattern of motion. When you look at a wave, it may appear as simply water moving across the surface of the ocean. In fact, this is false. The water is actually not moving in the same direction as the wave. While the wave itself—the pattern of motion—is moving across the surface of the ocean, the water is actually moving in a circular motion, which brings the water molecules back to their original position. The water merely gives the appearance of moving forward.
If this is confusing, think of the kind of wave you do at a baseball stadium. Viewed from a distance, the wave is clearly moving across the stadium. But the thing that makes up the wave – the people – are not moving across the stadium, they’re just moving up and down in their seats. This is just like the water in an ocean wave. A lot of water is moving up and down, which gives water the appearance of moving along with the wave.
Surfers pay a lot of attention to waves. If you’re not in an area where the waves are suitable for surfing, then you can’t surf. Usually, surfers gather in areas known for big waves—waves that rise high off the ocean’s surface. If the wave is bigger, then the surfer is often able to surf for longer distances and perform more tricks. The height of a wave is known as its amplitude. If you could make a wave freeze, then you could measure the wave’s amplitude by running a tape measure from the ocean’s surface to the very peak of the wave.
All waves can be measured using amplitude and wavelength. While the waves created by a boat have very small amplitude—sometimes as small as a few centimetres—the wavelength can be very short, as lots of waves are being generated. By contrast, a tsunami has very high amplitude, sometimes more than 100 feet, but a relatively long wavelength, as it’s a high wave.
Waves generated in the same way can have great differences in amplitude and wavelength. For example, think back to the cruise ship. While each ship creates waves caused by the movement of the boat, the properties of each of the waves may be very different. For example, a larger cruise ship, with powerful engines, may create a wave that has high amplitude and a short wavelength. However, if the ship’s engines slow down, they may then start creating less powerful waves at a slower rate. This would cause the waves’ amplitude to decrease, but its wavelength to increase.
63. What does the phrase “steer clear of a cruise ship’s wake” in the 1st paragraph mean
A. keep awake while steering a ship
B. get a clear view of what is ahead
C. keep away from the cruise ship
D. follow the cruise ship very closely
64. The author gives an example of wave people do in the stadium in order to _____________.
A. illustrate how excited people are in a basketball stadium
B. clear the confusion over measuring the wave’s amplitude
C. demonstrate how to make waves in a basketball stadium
D. explain why the water appears to move along the waves
65.The last paragraph gives us the impression that ______________________.
A. the wave’s amplitude may vary, but its wavelength remain the same
B. the more powerful the ships’ engines are, the higher the waves they generate
C. the amplitude of a wave depends on the direction the water moves forwards
D. measuring the amplitude and wavelength of waves is not quite easy
66. What is this passage mainly about
A. How waves are created and measured.
B. What makes the sea water move forwards.
C. Why people create waves in the stadium.
D. How to steer a cruise ship in the rough sea.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Young graduates often find themselves competing with more-experienced workers. More and more college graduates are forced to take jobs below their skill level. They started applying for any positions they could find in other countries. In some parts of the world, such jobs are all that is available to college graduates. Yet youth unemployment also has common roots throughout the world. Those young workers who do find employment are often trapped in awful contracts.
The factors that cause youth unemployment often differ among regions and labor systems. In much of Western Europe overemphasized labor protection makes it more difficult for youths to land good jobs. Since firing full-time workers is so complicated and expensive, employers are unwilling to take on new staff, while people who are already employed, mainly older workers, often keep their jobs for life. In developing countries with high birthrates and very young populations, like the Philippines, growth isn’t strong enough to absorb the wave of youngsters entering the workforce each year. (67) ________________. Young people entering the workforce are often the most vulnerable in economic downturns—new employees are often the first to get sacked, while college graduates find few employers willing to hire.
(68) ________________. In Spain, Italy and Japan, for instance, companies looking to gain flexibility in regulated labor markets often offer new, young staffers only short-term contracts. These contracts, which sometimes last for only a few days, usually come with low salaries and few benefits. Since such staff is temporary, employers have little intention to invest in training.
Facing such obstacles, young people everywhere are finding that traditional route to success—education—isn’t paying off as much as in the past. (69) _________________. They will often be offered low-skilled jobs from waiters to supermarket clerks. A March report from the UK’s Office for National Statistics showed that the share of recent college graduates in Britain working in lower-skilled jobs rose to nearly 36% in 2011 from less than 27% a decade earlier. (70) ____________ . Typical is Cairo’s Hmed Said. He graduated from college with a business degree, and after performing the obligatory year of military service, he applied for jobs in accounting and data entry. But Said, 24, had no luck, and today he works as a waiter at a café near Tahrir Square. “This was my last choice,” he says, “and this is the job that I got.”
IV. Filling the blanks (10’)
Section A
Directions: Choose one of the best words from the box to complete each sentence in the proper from.
present identify strike integrate
Please see to it that you _________ successfully into new way of life after immigrating to Italy.
An awful thought ______________ me that the man helped me was the very one who was wanted by the police.
You might as well _____________ the final report to the relevant department in the specified format.
74. Scientists are reported____________ an impartible correlation between diet and cancer years ago.
Section B
Directions: Choose one of the best phrases from the box to complete each sentence in the proper from.
in question by mistake call for refer to put value on give an account of
They cut our wires _________ and then broke the water pipe, resulting in the scene of chaos.
Experts repeatedly stress that air pollution __________ our special concern.
In his essay, there is no point ________his personal experiences in the Southeast Asian jungles.
What ______ commonly _________ as the term Arts are humanities and social sciences.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item _________.
He is supposed _____________ the experimental data and outcome, but the blind self-confidence and awful carelessness led to the complete failure.
V. Translation (15’)
81. 在场所有人刚准备就绪，这位历史学家就走了进来。(In…) 3’
82. 经理对员工所期望的是要不遗余力地提高工作效率。(expect) 4’
83. 只有你向我保证不拖延时间，你才能当众展示一下你们公司的产品。（Only, assure）4’
84. 演讲时，听众越多，手势动作的幅度就应越大，这样听众才不易分散注意力 (the more…the more…) 4’
VI. Guided Writing (25’)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校提供了三类暑期志愿者工作，供学生选择：（1）在公园协助维护环境卫生；（2）在社区帮忙照顾小学生；（3）在地铁站做引导员(guide)。
请你选一项志愿者工作，向学生会提出申请。申请信的内容包括：
为什么选择这项工作；
你打算做哪些准备。
听力：(黄，Set 5)
ACCBB DCBCC BAC ABB DABC
语法：
21-30 at, may/might, is told, what, To figure，
tested, featuring， which/that， faced, identifying
选词：
JGBAK DHFCI
完型：
CBCAD ADBCA CBDAB
阅读：
DADC
DBC
CDBA
EFBD
填词：
71. integrate
72. struck
73. present
74. to have identified
75. by mistake
76. calls for
77. giving an account of
78. is referred to
79. in question
80. to have put value on
翻译：
In walked the historian the instant everyone present got ready.
What the manager expects of his employees is that they should spare no pains to increase the working efficiency.
Only when/if you assure me that you will not run over time can you present the products of your company in public.
When you make/give/deliver a speech, the larger the audience, the more expansive the gestures should be, and in this way , it’s not easy for the audience to be distracted//it’s not easy for the audience to lose concentration.
作文：
略。
期中考试 英语试卷
(考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分)
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A
Directions: in Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She wants to get some rest. B. She needs time to write a paper.
C. She has a meeting to attend. D. She has a health problem.
2. A. Buy three good pairs. B. Buy three cheap pairs.
C. Buy one good pair. D. Buy one cheap pair.
3. A. 12 dollars. B. 36 dollars. C. 30 dollars. D. 20 dollars.
4. A. Tom applied for a job. B. Tom got the job.
C. Tom wanted other jobs. D. Tom was so unlucky.
5. A. Don’t drink beer. B. Don’t use ice.
C. Drink dark beer. D. Drink cold beer.
6. A. Their meeting is at 10 o’clock.
B. The professor is waiting for their call.
C. They should call the professor after the meeting.
D. They should call the professor the next day.
7. A. She is afraid of going there alone.
B. She is busy with her children.
C. She is busy with her new job.
D. Her husband won’t let her go there.
8. A. In a supermarket. B. At a drugstore.
C. In a department store. D. At a car repair shop.
9. A. He has been offered a new job.
B. He has been asked to have a holiday.
C. He has been fired by the company.
D. He has been warned by his boss.
10. A. Angry. B. Worried. C. Confident. D. Bored.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. 400. B. 4,000. C. 300. D. 3,000.
12. A. It uses less fuel and reduces smoke.
B. It lasts longer and costs less.
C. It burns wood or coal.
D. It causes no air pollution.
13. A. In India. B. In Russia C. In China. D. In America.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. When they were 5 or 6 months old. B. On their first day of life.
C. Before they were born. D. When they were 5 or 6 years old.
15. A. By talking B. By smiling. C. By crying. D. By shouting.
16. A. To record a story. B. To do an experiment.
C. To inspect the baby. D. To please the baby.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She only rested a little time between exercises.
B. She did not rest after exercise.
C. She attended the beginner’s class.
D. She attended an advanced exercise class.
18. A. Lifting weights. B. Doing aerobics.
C. Instructing the woman. D. Cooking breakfast.
19. A. Ten o’clock next evening. B. Ten o’clock next morning.
C. Eight o’clock next evening. D. Eight o’clock next morning.
20. A. The winner cooks dinner. B. The winner entertains the family.
C. The loser cooks dinner. D. The loser entertains the family.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (10’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Human memory is notoriously (众所周知地) unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial recognition skills can only remember so much.
It’s tough to quantify how good a person is (21) __________ remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands – based on the number of acquaintances a person (22) __________ have.
Machines aren’t limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees – then recognize a face it (23) __________ (tell) to find – with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is (24) _________ supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It is also what makes contemporary surveillance (监控) systems so scary.
The thing is, machines sill have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. (25) _____________ (figure) out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces – they call it MegaFace – and (26) __________ (test) a variety of facial-recognition algorithms(算法) as they scales up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 7,000 different people – and not just a large database (27) __________ (feature) a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what’s been used in other research.
As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms (28) __________ were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when (29) _________ (face) with 1 million images. That’s still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. “Much better than we expected,” she said,
Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike –either doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble (30) _______ (identify) as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people.
Section B (10’)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. alarming B. properties C. revealed D. invasive E. rescue F. instrumental G. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiatives
Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, (31) ___________ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK (32) ___________ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic (33)___________. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) (34)____________ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.
Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. In view of (35)___________ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.
Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of (36) ___________ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also (37) __________ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was (38) __________ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging (39) ____________ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.
Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and (40)____________ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. (41)_________ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving (42)__________.
The greatest (43) __________ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly (44) _________ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to (45) _________ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. (46)___________, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence (47) ___________. The more we repeat a task, the more mindless it becomes.
Mindless activity is the (48) _________ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes (49) __________. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In (50) ___________, we are merely reinforcing our current habits — not improving them.
Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world
The first effective feedback system is (51) ____________. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any (52) __________ of whether we are getting better or worse.
The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for (53) __________ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you (54) ___________ for delivering your best effort each day.
Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and (55) ____________, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.
41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As
42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence
43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal
44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement
45. A. transport B. transmit C. transplant D. transform
46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand
47. A. carelessly B. inevitably C. instantly D. automatically
48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute
49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted
50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return
51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management
52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern
53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining
54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel
55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspective
Section B (30’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying Well, you are not alone. We’ve all had that feeling. But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to
Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.
Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question “Did you steal Fatima’s bag ”, they may answer with something like “Fatima is my friend. Why would I do that ” In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.
Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.
It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.
Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.
56. By saying “Liars also use deflection” (paragraph 3), the writer means that liars may __________.
A. tell great stories B. change tone of voice
C. ask a question in reply D. avoid direct answers
57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.
A. offers more information than necessary
B. appears to be shy or nervous
C. changes the subject of the conversation
D. speaks very fast and vaguely
58. Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.
B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.
C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.
D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.
59. The passage mainly talks about __________.
A. who deceives us B. why people tell lies
C. how to detect lies D. what to do with liars
(B)
More On: go to greg Is omitting jobs from a resume lying ----------------------- How to handle stress at work ------------------------ How can men and women work better together ------------------------ How will cancer treatment affect my son’s resume ------------------------ What to do if you drank too much at the company holiday party Letter 1 January 28, 2018 | 3:31pm I work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. It seems to me that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutral news, rather than making a correction. Do you agree Moreover, if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you respond The only people who should be included in an e-mail are those who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It’s not like we don’t have enough in our inbox already. I don’t agree that e-mail is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you’ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn’t the best and what you recommend.
Letter 2 January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pm It’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that’s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn’t ask someone out and explain you’re just bored in your current relationship, right At least I hope not, otherwise you’re likely to be as lonely as Barry Manilow sounds when he sings “It’s Just Another New Year’s Eve”.
60. What is discussed in the first letter
A. How to ask questions in a polite way.
B. How to respond to a false charge.
C. How to make a correction at work.
D. How to handle rude mass emails at work.
61. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________.
A. talking about your family issues in public
B. complaining about your prior partner on a first date
C. demonstrating your qualifications to your new boss
D. bragging about your experience to your partner
62. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people’s __________.
A. career choices B. social relationships
C. working problems D. health problems
(C)
When a big boat, like a cruise ship, goes through the ocean, it often creates waves. This happens when the large engines on the back of the cruise ship cause the water on the ocean’s surface move up and down violently. These waves move out from the boat in both directions. If you are captaining a smaller boat, you’d better steer clear of a cruise ship’s wake, so that your boat is not surfing on the waves, causing it to overturn
A wave is a pattern of motion. When you look at a wave, it may appear as simply water moving across the surface of the ocean. In fact, this is false. The water is actually not moving in the same direction as the wave. While the wave itself—the pattern of motion—is moving across the surface of the ocean, the water is actually moving in a circular motion, which brings the water molecules back to their original position. The water merely gives the appearance of moving forward.
If this is confusing, think of the kind of wave you do at a baseball stadium. Viewed from a distance, the wave is clearly moving across the stadium. But the thing that makes up the wave – the people – are not moving across the stadium, they’re just moving up and down in their seats. This is just like the water in an ocean wave. A lot of water is moving up and down, which gives water the appearance of moving along with the wave.
Surfers pay a lot of attention to waves. If you’re not in an area where the waves are suitable for surfing, then you can’t surf. Usually, surfers gather in areas known for big waves—waves that rise high off the ocean’s surface. If the wave is bigger, then the surfer is often able to surf for longer distances and perform more tricks. The height of a wave is known as its amplitude. If you could make a wave freeze, then you could measure the wave’s amplitude by running a tape measure from the ocean’s surface to the very peak of the wave.
All waves can be measured using amplitude and wavelength. While the waves created by a boat have very small amplitude—sometimes as small as a few centimetres—the wavelength can be very short, as lots of waves are being generated. By contrast, a tsunami has very high amplitude, sometimes more than 100 feet, but a relatively long wavelength, as it’s a high wave.
Waves generated in the same way can have great differences in amplitude and wavelength. For example, think back to the cruise ship. While each ship creates waves caused by the movement of the boat, the properties of each of the waves may be very different. For example, a larger cruise ship, with powerful engines, may create a wave that has high amplitude and a short wavelength. However, if the ship’s engines slow down, they may then start creating less powerful waves at a slower rate. This would cause the waves’ amplitude to decrease, but its wavelength to increase.
63. What does the phrase “steer clear of a cruise ship’s wake” in the 1st paragraph mean
A. keep awake while steering a ship
B. get a clear view of what is ahead
C. keep away from the cruise ship
D. follow the cruise ship very closely
64. The author gives an example of wave people do in the stadium in order to _____________.
A. illustrate how excited people are in a basketball stadium
B. clear the confusion over measuring the wave’s amplitude
C. demonstrate how to make waves in a basketball stadium
D. explain why the water appears to move along the waves
65.The last paragraph gives us the impression that ______________________.
A. the wave’s amplitude may vary, but its wavelength remain the same
B. the more powerful the ships’ engines are, the higher the waves they generate
C. the amplitude of a wave depends on the direction the water moves forwards
D. measuring the amplitude and wavelength of waves is not quite easy
66. What is this passage mainly about
A. How waves are created and measured.
B. What makes the sea water move forwards.
C. Why people create waves in the stadium.
D. How to steer a cruise ship in the rough sea.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Young graduates often find themselves competing with more-experienced workers. More and more college graduates are forced to take jobs below their skill level. They started applying for any positions they could find in other countries. In some parts of the world, such jobs are all that is available to college graduates. Yet youth unemployment also has common roots throughout the world. Those young workers who do find employment are often trapped in awful contracts.
The factors that cause youth unemployment often differ among regions and labor systems. In much of Western Europe overemphasized labor protection makes it more difficult for youths to land good jobs. Since firing full-time workers is so complicated and expensive, employers are unwilling to take on new staff, while people who are already employed, mainly older workers, often keep their jobs for life. In developing countries with high birthrates and very young populations, like the Philippines, growth isn’t strong enough to absorb the wave of youngsters entering the workforce each year. (67) ________________. Young people entering the workforce are often the most vulnerable in economic downturns—new employees are often the first to get sacked, while college graduates find few employers willing to hire.
(68) ________________. In Spain, Italy and Japan, for instance, companies looking to gain flexibility in regulated labor markets often offer new, young staffers only short-term contracts. These contracts, which sometimes last for only a few days, usually come with low salaries and few benefits. Since such staff is temporary, employers have little intention to invest in training.
Facing such obstacles, young people everywhere are finding that traditional route to success—education—isn’t paying off as much as in the past. (69) _________________. They will often be offered low-skilled jobs from waiters to supermarket clerks. A March report from the UK’s Office for National Statistics showed that the share of recent college graduates in Britain working in lower-skilled jobs rose to nearly 36% in 2011 from less than 27% a decade earlier. (70) ____________ . Typical is Cairo’s Hmed Said. He graduated from college with a business degree, and after performing the obligatory year of military service, he applied for jobs in accounting and data entry. But Said, 24, had no luck, and today he works as a waiter at a café near Tahrir Square. “This was my last choice,” he says, “and this is the job that I got.”
IV. Filling the blanks (10’)
Section A
Directions: Choose one of the best words from the box to complete each sentence in the proper from.
present identify strike integrate
Please see to it that you _________ successfully into new way of life after immigrating to Italy.
An awful thought ______________ me that the man helped me was the very one who was wanted by the police.
You might as well _____________ the final report to the relevant department in the specified format.
74. Scientists are reported____________ an impartible correlation between diet and cancer years ago.
Section B
Directions: Choose one of the best phrases from the box to complete each sentence in the proper from.
in question by mistake call for refer to put value on give an account of
They cut our wires _________ and then broke the water pipe, resulting in the scene of chaos.
Experts repeatedly stress that air pollution __________ our special concern.
In his essay, there is no point ________his personal experiences in the Southeast Asian jungles.
What ______ commonly _________ as the term Arts are humanities and social sciences.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item _________.
He is supposed _____________ the experimental data and outcome, but the blind self-confidence and awful carelessness led to the complete failure.
V. Translation (15’)
81. 在场所有人刚准备就绪，这位历史学家就走了进来。(In…) 3’
82. 经理对员工所期望的是要不遗余力地提高工作效率。(expect) 4’
83. 只有你向我保证不拖延时间，你才能当众展示一下你们公司的产品。（Only, assure）4’
84. 演讲时，听众越多，手势动作的幅度就应越大，这样听众才不易分散注意力 (the more…the more…) 4’
VI. Guided Writing (25’)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校提供了三类暑期志愿者工作，供学生选择：（1）在公园协助维护环境卫生；（2）在社区帮忙照顾小学生；（3）在地铁站做引导员(guide)。
请你选一项志愿者工作，向学生会提出申请。申请信的内容包括：
为什么选择这项工作；
你打算做哪些准备。
听力：(黄，Set 5)
ACCBB DCBCC BAC ABB DABC
语法：
21-30 at, may/might, is told, what, To figure，
tested, featuring， which/that， faced, identifying
选词：
JGBAK DHFCI
完型：
CBCAD ADBCA CBDAB
阅读：
DADC
DBC
CDBA
EFBD
填词：
71. integrate
72. struck
73. present
74. to have identified
75. by mistake
76. calls for
77. giving an account of
78. is referred to
79. in question
80. to have put value on
翻译：
In walked the historian the instant everyone present got ready.
What the manager expects of his employees is that they should spare no pains to increase the working efficiency.
Only when/if you assure me that you will not run over time can you present the products of your company in public.
When you make/give/deliver a speech, the larger the audience, the more expansive the gestures should be, and in this way , it’s not easy for the audience to be distracted//it’s not easy for the audience to lose concentration.
作文：
略。
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