2022年中考英语二轮专题复习：专题9 被动语态（共有38张ppt）

(共38张PPT)
第一模块　语法专题突破
专题九　被动语态
考点聚焦
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是“be＋过去分词”。
考点
被动语态的基本知识
1．被动语态的用法
(1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或由于某种原因不必提到动作的执行者时，要用被动语态，但在译文里，有时要用主动语态才符合汉语的习惯。如：
Football is played all over the world. 世界各地都在踢足球。
(2)当我们要强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者时，要用被动语态。如：
The Great Wall was built long ago. 长城是很久以前建成的。
English is spoken as the first language by most people in the USA．
美国大多数人都把英语当作第一语言。
2．由主动语态变为被动语态的方法
(1)主动语态句子里的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语；
(2)主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语形式，即“be＋过去分词”。要注意使助动词be既保持主动句的时态，又要与被动句的主语在人称和数的方面取得一致；
(3)主动语态句子里的主语变为介词by的宾语，再把整个介词短语放在谓语动词之后，有时这个短语可以省略。如：
考点
初中阶段常考的被动语态
用所给词适当形式填空
1．He ______________ (invite) to the make a speech in our school last year.
2．The weatherman says a rain shower ______________ (expect) this afternoon in the south.
3．These photos _____________ (take) on the Great Wall last weekend.
备考演练
was invited　
is expected　
were taken　
4．Chinese ____________ (speak) by the largest number of people around the world.
5．If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, the sports meeting _______________ (hold) in the playground of our school.
6．Everything ___________________ (change) since I left my hometown.
is spoken　
will be held　
has been changed　
7．Recently, a new play _________________ (show) in the cinema. Why not go and see a movie
8．Teenagers should _____________ (allow) to learn to take care of themselves.
has been shown　
be allowed　
(　　)9．Traffic safety is important. Rules __________ to stop people from getting into trouble.
A．must make B．must be made
C．can’t make D．can’t be made
备考演练
B　
(　　)10．—What is the government’s plan for the development of the village
—A lot of new roads __________ in the coming years.
A．built B．were built
C．will be built D．will built
C　
(　　)11．—Beautiful buildings __________ here and there in my hometown.
—Wow! That sounds nice!
A．can see B．can be seen
C．can seen D．can be seeing
B　
(　　)12．—Have all the students known the information
—Yes, everyone __________ about it.
A．told B．will be told
C．was told D．were told
C　
考点
被动语态的特殊用法
用法 形式
含有使役动词的被动语态 在主动语态中，使役动词(如make，see，watch，notice，hear)在句中表达主动意义时动词do前没有to，但在被动语态中要把to补上。
含双宾语句子的被动语态 (1)可以变间接宾语(人)为主语，也可以变直接宾语(物)为主语。
(2)当指物的直接宾语作主语时，要在被动语态句中指人的宾语前加上介词to或for，且介词由其搭配的动词决定。
说明：
(1)感官动词如look，feel，taste，smell，sound等，用主动表示被动。
(2)不及物动词如happen，take place，break out，cost等，无被动语态。
如：
He made me do the work.他让我做这项工作。(主动，do前没有to)
→I was made to do the work.我被派去做这项工作。(被动，do前补to)
He gave me a book.他给了我一本书。
→I was given a book by him.我从他那里得到了一本书。
→A book was given to me by him.他给了我一本书。
The flowers smells nice.这些花闻起来很香。
Great changes took place in China.中国发生了巨大的变化。
(　　)13．—It was amazing that Huoshenshan Hospital __________ in such a short time at the beginning of 2020．
—Yes.That’s China Speed.
A．was built B．is built
C．has built D．built
备考演练
A　
(　　)14． The young man __________ so handsome that many girls like him very much.
A．has looked B．is looked
C．looks D．will be looked
(　　)15．With the rapid progress in high technology,5G __________ around most parts of China in the near future.
A．is used B．is using
C．will use D．will be used
C　
D　
(　　)16．These machines __________ in their factory by themselves last year.
A．make B．made
C．are made D．were made
(　　)17．—I’m tired of cleaning the house.
—Sweeping robots __________ more and more widely today. Why not buy one
A．are used B．were used
C．are using D．used
D　
A　
※易混淆考点分析
Ⅰ.want/need/require ＋ doing
该结构表示被动，相当于want/need/require ＋to be done。
(　　)1．The floor is dirty. It needs __________.
A．washing B．washed
C．be washed D．being washed
A　
Ⅱ.在主动结构中作宾补省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时要加to
这类动词主要有make, see, watch, hear, feel等使役动词和感官动词。
(　　)2．If you see the comedy, you will _______ laugh.
A．be made B．be made to
C．make to D．make
B　
Ⅲ.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义
这类动词主要有write, sell等，因此不能改成被动语态形式。
(　　)3．This new book __________ well. It __________ yesterday.
A．sell; sold out B．sells; was sold out
C．sell；were sold out D．sold；sell
B　
真题再现
广东省卷
(　　)(2021语法选择，39)Some people __________ to check out the bridge before the opening.
A．are inviting　　　　 B．are invited
C．were invited D．were inviting
C　
他山之石
(　　)1．(2021北京)Today，many winter Olympic sports__________ even by children.
A．enjoyed
B．enjoy　　
C．were enjoyed
D．are enjoyed
D　
(　　)2．(2021天津)—Could you tell me __________ “the Father of Rice ”？
—Because he helped many countries grow more rice.
A．when was Yuan Longping called
B．why is Yuan Longping called
C．when Yuan Longping was called
D．why Yuan Longping is called
D　
(　　)3．(2021河北)These gifts __________ by children in their last summer holidays.
A．made B．were made
C．make D．are made
(　　)4．(2020凉山州)As the most exciting and traditional way to shop, street markets __________ here and there in China these days.
A．find B．found
C．are found D．were found
B　
C　
(　　)5．(2020新疆)Most of the Earth’s surface _______ by water.
A．is covered B．covers
C．is grow D．grows
A　
模拟提升
A．短文填空基础练
1．(改编)The 24th Winter Olympic Games _______________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022．
2．(原创)The library books can __________ for two weeks, you should return them on time.
will be held　
be kept　
3．(原创)Many trees and flowers ______________ in this city every spring.
4．(原创)Tourists ___________________ because of their impolite behavior in our country from now on.
5．(原创)He is often seen __________ basketball on the playground. I saw him __________ basketball when I passed by just now.
are planted　
will be punished　
to play　
playing　
6．(原创)What ___________ to her yesterday evening
7．(原创)The new Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has improved people’s life a lot since it ____________.
8． (原创)The sharing bikes __________ everywhere. Let’s collect and put them in the right place.
9． (原创)The dress you bought ________ soft and smooth. It must cost a lot.
10． (原创)Smoking _________________ in the gas station.
happened　
was built　
are put　
feels　
isn’t allowed　
B．语法选择专练
(原创)For the summer vacation, where are you planning to go？For me, I will go to Guizhou. It __1__ that it is the best place to spent summer. Do you want to know the reason It __2__ that the weather in summer is neither too cold nor too hot. Last summer holiday, I went to Guizhou with my workmates. They said they __3__ by the pleasant weather. They like the pleasant weather.
If you come to Guizhou, you can do lots of things here. For example, you can go to the First Ropeway in Liupanshui City which __4__ several years ago. From the ropeway, you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. What’s more, you can go to Huanguoshu Waterfall where special dance __5__ at proper time. Also, you can go to Qingyan Ancient Town which is full of traditional culture and __6__ traditional local food such as fried potatoes, spring rolls and so on.
If you do, you will have to be made __7__ more spicy food and put on weight. As it is convenient to go to Guizhou for a trip, many people enjoy travelling to Guizhou.
If you make a decision to come, you __8__ to book the hotel and tickets to Guizhou first. If you choose to go to Panzhou city, you can’t miss the Ginkgo Village where you can see many old ginkgo trees which __9__ hundreds of years ago. The best time to enjoy the gingkgo trees is in autumn, you can see the ground __10__ golden fallen leaves.How beautiful it is!
(　　)1．A．is said B．said
C．says D．was saying
(　　)2．A．believe B．believed
C．is believed D．was believed
(　　)3．A．attract B．are attracted
C．were attracted D．attracted
(　　)4．A．build B．was built
C．were built D．built
A　
C　
C　
B　
(　　)5．A．see B．will be seen
C．was seen D．saw
(　　)6．A．is tasted B．tastes
C．tasted D．taste
(　　)7．A．to eat B．ate
C．eating D．eaten
(　　)8．A．suppose B．supposed
C．were supposed D．are supposed
B　
D　
A　
D　
(　　)9．A．were planted B．are planted
C．plant D．planted
(　　)10．A．cover with
B．be covered with
C．is covered with
D．were covered with
A　
C