2022年中考英语二轮专题复习：专题11 简单句和主谓一致（68张ppt）

(共68张PPT)
第一模块　语法专题突破
专题十一　简单句和主谓一致
考点聚焦
考点
六种基本句型
如：
Tom and Tony study (hard)．
They play the violin.
The soup tastes delicious.
I bought my mother a new scarf.
My mother asked me to do homework first.
These are two books and a pencil box in the schoolbag.
(　　)1．(原创)There __________ some apples and bread on the table. Why not take some
A．are B．is
C．was D．were
备考演练
A　
(　　)2．(原创)There _________ some bread and apples on the table. Why not take some
A．are B．is
C．was D．were
B　
(　　)3．(2017 广东)—Is there any outdoor learning in your school
—__________. We learn outdoors once or twice every month.
A．Yes, there is B．No, there isn’t
C．Yes, it is D．No, it isn’t
A　
(　　)4．(原创)There is someone __________ at the door. Go and see who it is.
A．knock B．knocks
C．knocked D．knocking
(　　)5．(原创)There was little fish on the plate just now, __________？
A．was there B．wasn’t this
C．was it D．wasn’t it
D　
A　
1．陈述句
陈述一件事情或表达一种看法的句子是陈述句。
肯定形式：My teachers often have something interesting for us.
否定形式：They are not enemies now.
考点
陈述句和疑问句
肯定句变否定句应注意：
(1)含有some, something, somebody的肯定句变为否定句时，应把这些词改为any, anything, anybody。如：
I have some interesting books. →I don’t have any interesting books.
(2)含有both, all, everything, everyone(everybody)的肯定句变为否定句时，应把这些词改为neither, none, nothing, no one (nobody)。如：
Both of my parents like watching TV shows. → Neither of my parents likes watching TV shows.
当陈述句是“I think/believe…＋宾语从句”时，若为否定宾语从句，习惯上要将否定移到主句的谓语动词前，即：“I don’t think/believe…＋宾语从句”。如：I don’t think I am old enough to drive.
2．疑问句
用于提出问题的句子是疑问句，句末用问号，分为四类：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
(1)一般疑问句：用yes和no回答的疑问句，由“be动词、助动词或情态动词置于句首”构成。如：
—Does Mary like playing volleyball
—Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.
(2)用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句，由“特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句”构成。如：
What’s your favorite subject
How soon will you come back to school
(3)选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两种或两种以上的答案，供对方选择其一，供选答案用or连接。如：
Does she like flowers or handbags
Which do you want, a cake or a cookie
(4)反意疑问句是在陈述句后附加对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。附加疑问句要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句末用问号。如果陈述部分是肯定结构，附加疑问句用否定结构，反之亦然。回答时用yes或no。附加疑问句部分的主语要用代词，并与前句主语一致，谓语部分在人称、数和时态也要与前句一致。
?知识延伸
陈述句含有否定意义时的附加疑问句
注意：陈述部分含有never, few, little, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none, seldom等表示否定意义的词时，其附加疑问句应用肯定形式。如：
—Cindy never goes out alone at night, does she
—Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.
—There are few tall buildings in the city, are there
—Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.
(　　)6．—__________ will you come back from Guangzhou, Mr.Clark
—In two weeks.
A．How soon B．How far
C．How long D．How often
备考演练
A　
(　　)7．(原创)—_______ do you prefer, juice or coffee
—Neither. I prefer milk tea.
A．Where B．Which
C．Why D．How　
(　　)8．—Is Jack as tall as Oliver
—__________. Jack is shorter.
A．No, he is B．Yes, he is
C．No, he isn’t D．Yes, he isn’t
B　
C　
(　　)9．Nothing is kept in good order, __________？
A．isn’t it B．is it
C．does it D．doesn’t it
(　　)10．—__________ do you read Duowei Reading books, Jenny
—Once a week.
A．How much B．How often
C．How long D．How soon
B　
B　
1．感叹句分析
What　a kind girl　she　is! ＝ How　kind　the girl　is！
　↓　 　↓　　 ↓ ↓ 　　↓　　↓　　 ↓　 ↓
引导词 名词词组　主语 谓语 引导词 形容词　主语　谓语
她是一个多好的女孩啊！
考点
感叹句
2．感叹句结构
构成 举例
What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What a smart boy (he is)！
What＋adj.＋ 可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What interesting books (they are)！
What＋adj.＋ 不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What fresh air (it is)！
How＋adj./adv. (＋主语＋谓语)！ How high he jumps！
(　　)11．__________ tall trees they are!
A．How B．What
C．How a D．What a
(　　)12．Hi，Mom moved me to tears.__________ touching the movie was!
A．What a B．How a
C．How D．What
备考演练
B　
C　
(　　)13．(原创)__________ terrible news! We have to put off returning to school.
A．What B．What a
C．What an D．How
(　　)14．(原创)__________ strange it is to study online！I can’t see my teachers or classmates.
A．How a B．How
C．What D．What a
A　
B　
(　　)15．(原创)_________ time flies！We must cherish the time we spend together.
A．How B．How a
C．What D．What a
A　
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常省略，谓语动词用原形。
考点
祈使句
(　　)16．Tommy，__________ play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car.
A．do B．don’t
C．must D．mustn’t
(　　)17．The TV is too loud.Please __________.
A．turning down it B．to turn it down
C．turn down it D．turn it down
备考演练
B　
D　
(　　)18．—__________ us have a party together, OK
—Good idea!
A．To let B．Let
C．Don’t let D．Letting
(　　)19．Please don’t ________ to bring your raincoat. It’s going to rain tonight.
A．forgetting B．forgets
C．forget D．forgot
B　
C　
(　　)20．__________ kind and helpful to the people, and we will make the world a better place to live in.
A．Be B．Being
C．To be D．Been
A　
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：就近原则、语法一致原则和意义一致原则。谓语必须受主语支配，和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
考点
主谓一致
1．就近原则
(1)由or, either …or …， neither …nor …， not only …but also …， whether …or …等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
(2)在 “There be” 句型中，谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致。
2．就远原则
当主语后面跟着with, together with, as well as, along with, like, but, except，besides, including, in addition to 等介词短语，谓语动词要与这些词前的主语保持一致。
3．谓语动词用单数或复数形式
语法一致、 意义一致 谓语动词用单数形式 (1)动词不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语时；
(2) 表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总数时；
(3)somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everything, everybody, nobody, nothing, each, either, neither等不定代词作主语时。
语法一致、 意义一致 谓语动词用复数形式 (1) “The＋形容词” 表示一类人作主语时；
(2)有些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle，clothes等作主语时。
其他 (1) 有些集体名词： family, team, class, group等作主语时，若作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若指其中每个成员，则用复数。
语法一致、 意义一致 其他 (2) All, most, more, some, any, the rest不定代词作主语时，若代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；若代词代表单数可数名词或者不可数名词，则用单数。
(3) “分数/百分数＋of＋名词”构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词要以of 后的名词而定。
(4) 在定语从句中，关系代词which, that, who 等作主语时，谓语动词的数要与句中先行词的数一致。
如：
Not only Jim but also his sister has visited a few cities in the south since they came to China.
自从他们来到中国以后，吉姆和他妹妹都已经参观了南方的几个城市。
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.老师和学生将去参观博物馆。
What he said was not true.他说的不是真的。
Five dollars is enough.五美元够了。
Each of us has a new Chinese-English dictionary.我们每个人都有一本新的英汉词典。
My family is a big one.我家是一个大家庭。
My family are watching TV.我的家人在看电视。
(　　)21．A fork and knife __________ on the table.
A．is B．are
C．has been D．have been
备考演练
A　
(　　)22．In the face of the variation(变异) of the virus, not only China but also the other countries __________ to take action to fight against the crisis.
A．have　 B．has　　
C．having　　　　 D．to have
(　　)23．Judy and Lily like sports, and __________ often play volleyball after school.
A．we　　　　 B．they　　
C．you　　　　 D．their
A　
B　
(　　)24．Not only his parents but also his brother __________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A．have been B．have gone
C．has been D．has gone
(　　)25．A large number of teenagers __________ fond of folk music very much.
A．were B．is
C．are D．was
D　
C　
在句子中，通常主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为突出强调某一句子成分或语法结构的需要，常将谓语提至主语前面，称为倒装句。
考点
倒装句
Tips：
(1)若前句为肯定句时，应选择so; 否定句时，选择neither。
(2)当后者对前者所说的内容表示赞同时，常用结构为：So＋主语＋系动词/助动词/情态动词，意为“的确如此”。
(3)介词短语在倒装句中要整体前移，不能拆开。
(　　)26．Only in an hour ago ________ out why he was absent.
A．did the teacher found　　　　
B．the teacher found
C．did the teacher find　　　　
D．had the teacher find
备考演练
C　
(　　)27．—Your father is very strict with you.
—__________. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.
A．So he is B．So is he
C．He is so D．So does he
(　　)28． —What language is that guy speaking I can hardly catch a single word!
—__________. He’s from India, so I guess it is Hindi.
A． Neither I can B．Neither can I
C．So I can D．So can I
A　
B　
※易混淆考点分析
Ⅰ.感叹句误用
注意判断感叹句的引导词what和how的选用。引导感叹句时，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。
(　　)1．—A small number of drivers still look at their phones when driving even though they are not allowed to.
—__________ great risk they take! It could cost their lives!
A．What B．What a
C．What an D．How
B　
(　　)2．Look! __________ excited he is after watching the film!
A．How B．How an
C．What an D．What
A　
Ⅱ.关于谓语动词的单复数形式的特殊情形
?由and或both… and… 连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(　　)3．Both he and I __________ right.
A．am B．are
C．is D．was
B　
?并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数；并列主语如果指的是不同人、不同事物或不同概念，谓语动词用复数。
(　　)4．The poet and the writer __________. 诗人和作家已经来了。(指两个人)
A．has come B．is coming
C．comes D．have come
D　
(　　)5．The poet and writer __________. 那个诗人兼作家已经来了。(指同一人)
A．has come B．come
C．have come D．are coming
A　
?当one之前有the only等修饰语时，先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，那么从句的动词应是单数形式。
(　　)6．She is the only one of the girls who __________ late sometimes.
A．are B．were
C．is D．was
C　
?如果主语是由“a/this/that kind of, a series (a species) of ，a pair of等＋名词”构成时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
(　　)7．__________ this kind of car made in Shanghai
A．Were B．is
C．Was D．Are
C　
(　　)8．A pair of new shoes _____ in your suitcase now.
A．are B．were
C．was D．is
D　
?none of作主语时，如果后接复数名词，动词可用复数或单数；如果后接不可数名词，动词用单数。
(　　)9．None of the advice __________ accepted by them just now.
A．is B．were
C．are D．was　　
D　
真题再现
广东省卷
(　　)(2020语法选择，39)“Wow! ” she cried proudly. “__________ high my butterfly flies！”
A．What B．What a
C．What an D．How
D　
他山之石　　
(　　)1．(2021吉林)__________ important it is for teenagers to be creative!
A．How B．What
C．What a
A　
(　　)2．(2021大连)__________ at people when you talk.This is a polite way of communication in China.
A．Look　 B．Looking
C．To look D．Looked
A　
(　　)3．(2021大连)—Daming, do you know ________？
—The strange shapes of its tall rocks.
A．how large Zhangjiajie is　
B．what is Zhangjiajie famous for
C．how large is Zhangjiajie
D．what Zhangjiajie is famous for
D　
(　　)4．(2020湖北)So far, the number of people using 5G mobile phones __________ a lot.
A．is increasing
B．are increasing
C．has increased
D．have increased
C　
(　　)5．(2020云南)There __________ a basketball game next Monday. If it __________， we’ll have to put it off.
A．is going to have; will rain
B．is going to have; rains
C．is going to be; rains
D．is going to be; will rain
C　
模拟提升
A．短文填空基础练
1．(原创)So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds. ______ fast he runs!
2．(原创)Wang Feng can remember 100 groups of numbers in five minutes. _______ a smart man he is!
How　
What　
3．(原创)Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012．______ excellent he is!
4．(原创)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is interesting. Both my brother and my sister _______ the book very much.
5．(改编)There ______ only a few things in the room, like a bed, some chairs and an old desk.
6．(改编)Not only her parents but also Lucy ______ visited a few cities since they came to China.
How　
like　
are　
has　
7．(原创)The old in my country ______ cared for by their children and grandchildren.
8．(原创)About three-fourth of the Earth _____ covered with water, but we have less and less fresh water.
9．(原创)Mike has never been to Tibet. __________ have I.
10．(原创)Tom, together with his parents, ________ taking a walk after lunch. They think walking helps them keep fit and relax themselves.
are　
is　
Neither　
likes　
B．语法选择专练
It was a special time for all the Chinese teachers and students during this spring of 2020． Because of the outbreak of the COVID-19, people __1__ to stay at home. Whether students return to school or not __2__ a hot topic. Luckily, our government cared about the students a lot. A new policy announced that students __3__ to return to school, but they could study at home.
__4__ to the advanced science and technology, it made it possible for students __5__ online. Though neither teachers nor students used this way to teach and study in the past, they managed to make it.
Most of students were asked to study online by using DingTalk or other Apps. For many students in big cities, it __6__ hard for them. However, it was very hard for students and teachers who __7__ in rural areas. When I heard of their unforgettable experiences, I was moved by them. I would like to share two stories with you.
The first story was about a rural teacher.She gave the students lessons by broadcasting over a loudspeaker. Another story was about a girl student who went to a cliff to listen to the online classes. Do you know __8__？Because she could receive the class normally there. It was said that she had to get up early and spent more than an hour __9__ up to the top of the mountain.
The youth __10__ the hope of our country. The stronger the youth are, the stronger the nation will be. I hope all of us can learn from them. Let’s face the challenges with a responsible attitude and a strong will.
(　　)1．A．asked B．were asked
C．ask D．asking
(　　)2．A．was B．were
C．are D．is
B　
A　
(　　)3．A．was allowed B．were allowed
C．allow D．weren’t allowed
(　　)4．A．Thanks B．Thanked
C．To thank D．Thank
(　　)5．A．study B．to study
C．studied D．studying
(　　)6．A．were B．was
C．weren’t D．wasn’t
D　
A　
B　
D　
(　　)7．A．were B．was
C．are D．is
(　　)8．A．where B．when
C．how D．why
(　　)9．A．climbing B．climb
C．to climb D．climbed
(　　)10．A．was B．were
C．are D．is
A　
D　
A　
C