中考英语语法复习-动词不定式

课件44张PPT。Revision of Junior EnglishGo for it !
动词不定式动词不定式的用法1．不定式，-ing形式和过去分词中，不定式和-ing形式考查最多。尤其是不定式的否定形式，省去to和不省to的情况，
及只能用-ing形式作宾语的情况。
2．在具体的语境中考查非谓语动词的用法。
3．不定式作主语和动词后用不定式和-ing形式意义不同。
4．有关非谓语动词的固定句型。1. To say is one thing and to do is another.
????说时容易，做时难。
2. To mention the wolf's name is to see the same.
????说曹操，曹操到。
3. To save time is to lengthen life.
????节约时间就是延长生命。
4. To know everything is to know nothing.
????事事通，事事松。
5.To prevent is better than to cure.
????预防胜于治疗
6.To be fond of learning is to be near to knowledge.
????爱好学习就是接近知识。 ★不定式
◆意义：动词的非谓语形式，作主语、
宾语﹙动词宾语﹚、宾语补足语、表语、
定语﹙常表示功能﹚、状语。
◆构成：不定式= to﹢动词原形
◆否定结构= not to do sth
◆复合结构= for sb.﹙not﹚ to do sth
◆与疑问词连用：如what to do◆在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”：
三看﹙look. see. Watch.notice﹚两听﹙listen . hear﹚
感觉﹙feel﹚，注意﹙notice﹚使﹙make﹚
让﹙let. have﹚帮﹙help﹚→可不省。
The boss made them work the whole night.
They were made to work the whole night.
Why not go with us?
You had better not take a bus.
I would rather stay at home.
Could/ Would/Will you please (not) do...?◆形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、
复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，
用it来代替它，而将真正的主语置于谓语之后，
“it”叫形式主语。
It’s important to learn English well.
◆形式宾语：在复合宾语中，可以用形式宾语
it代替作直接宾语的不定式，而将不定式放在
补足语的后面，“it”叫形式宾语。
I found it important to learn English well.
I think it necessary to read English aloud in the
morning.当介词but,except前有do ,does, did ,done 时，
其后面的不定式不带to。Mr Going-to-do could do nothing but tell his
neighbor what he is going to do tomorrow.特殊疑问词（who what which when how why
where）+ to do◆不定式句法作用
※作主语
To grow more trees here is very important.
在这里多种些树是非常重要的。
=It is very important to grow more trees here.
To think carefully before you act is necessary.
你须三思而后行。
=It is necessary for you to think carefully
before you act.
To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.
步行到学校我要花20多分钟。
=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.※作表语
Her dream is to be a lawyer.
她的梦想就是成为一名律师。
What they want is to do it at once
他们所要求的就是立刻着手做这件事。※作宾语
不定式作宾语是用在及物动词之后。
常用的及物动词有：want, wish, hope, like,
begin, start, help, agree, refuse, promise, learn,
forget, know, need, try等。
She wanted to get home earlier that day.
她那天想要早一些到家。※作宾语补足语
要求用不定式作宾语补足语的动词很多，
例如：ask, want, believe, know, tell, advice ,
like, feel, help, force, invite, let, have, make,
prefer, notice, order, remind, see, teach,
think, expect, enable, cause, choose, allow,
persuade等。
She adviced him to do so.她劝他这么做。※作定语
不定式作定语修饰名词，要放在所修饰的名词
之后(又称后置定语)。这类名词经常
使用的有：time, way, chance, right(权力)，
need(需要)，decision(决定)，opportunity(机
会)， effort(努力)，courage(勇气)，struggle
(斗争)等。例如：
Mr. Wang is a man to believe in.
I think he is a man to depend on.
Can you find anything to read at the dentist?
在牙诊所你可以找到可阅读的东西吗?
The boy found no one to play with.????※作状语
☆不定式可以在句子中作目的、原因和结果状语。
I am sorry to have bothered you.我非常抱歉打搅
了你。(原因状语)
They will come to the city to look for a job.
他们将要到大城市来找工作。(目的状语)
If you are so stupid as to do so, you must expect
Trouble你如果愚蠢得这样做事，你就等着自找
麻烦吧。(结果状语)????☆“too...to...”结构中的不定式含有否定的意思，
表示“太……而 不能……”。
The boy is too young to join the army.
这孩子太小，还不能参军。
He is too busy to see me.他太忙，不能来看我。☆“so as...+不定式”结构，不定式作目的状语，
意思是“以便……”。“so+形容词(副词)+as+不定
式”结构，不定式作结果状语。
He went there quickly so as to meet her.
他赶快到那里去以便可以碰见她。(目的)
He was so kind as to offer his seat to me.
承他好意，把座位让给了我。(结果)????※作插入语
To tell you the truth, you'd better change your
car.说实在话，你最好换换你这辆车。
To be fair, it's not his fault, he’s not the one
to blame.
说句公道话，这不是他的错，不该责备他。????◆不定式的时态
※一般式(to do) 同时或在其后发生的行为或动作。
She wanted to write a letter.她想写一封信。
※进行式(to be doing) 同时发生。但注意，
不定式所用的必须是延续性动词。
It is foolish of him to be doing such a kind of
things all the ti me.
他老是做这种事情，真是愚蠢至极!
※完成式(to have done)表示不定式的动作发生
在谓语动作之前。
They appeared to have known each other.
他们看来互相已经认识。
I'm glad to have made a friend like you.????◆不定式的被动形式
不定式的被动形式用于其逻辑主语是不定式
所示动作的承受者。经常使用的有两种形式：
一般式：to be done
The bridge across the river is to be built
next year.这座跨河大桥将于明年修建。
完成式：to have been done。
He felt greatly honored to have been invited.
受到邀请，他感到很荣幸。????◆不定式的省略
在上下文连接比较紧密的情况下，为了避免重复，
将相同的部分省略，但小品词to要保留。
--Did you find the reference books about it?
--你找到有关的参考书了吗?
--No, I tried to, but failed.
--没有。我尽力了，但没找到。
--Do you like to see that film with me?
-你愿意跟我去看那部电影吗?
--Yes, I‘d like to.- --是的，非常愿意。????◆不定式的一些常用结构※have (has, had)+不定式
这一结构表示“不得不”，“只好”的意思。
He will have to swallow the bitterness sooner or
later.他迟早要吞下这颗苦果的。
As she missed the train, she had to return home.
由于耽误了那趟火车，她只得又回家去了。※there is (are)+不定式
There is something important to do today.
今天有一件重要的事情要做。???? ※be about+不定式表示“正要做……”
I was just about to leave when you phoned me.
我正要走，你就给我来电话了。
The match is about to begin. Hurry up!
比赛马上要开始了，快点!
※only+不定式，表示“却……”
They lifted a stone only to drop it on their own
feet.他们搬起石头，却砸了自己的脚。
He went home in a hurry only to find that
nothing happened there.
他急忙赶回家里却发现家里什么事都没有。???? ※so as (not) to do...“为了(不)……”
She worked hard so as to be a college student.
为了要上大学，她刻苦学习。
He went to work early so as not to be there
late.为了不迟到，他很早就去上班了。

※enough+不定式表示“十分，足够…”
This car is not big enough to seat five people.
这辆车不够大，坐不下五个人。
He drove fast enough to catch up the train.
他把车开得飞快，足以赶上那列火车。????◆It is (was)+形容词+of (for) sb.+不定式
It is clever of you to deal with such a thing.
这样一件事情你处理得很聪明。
It was necessary for me to explain it.
我对此作一下解释是必要的。
该句型中“of sb.”和“for sb.”的使用情况不同，
可以从 两方面加以区别：
※它们两者所用的形容词不同????A、 of sb.的句型一般使用表示主观感情或态度
的形容词。如：good, kind, nice, right, wrong,
wise, clever, foolish, careful, careless等。
例如：It is wise of her to do so.她这样做是非常
明智的。
It was clever of him to go away at that time.
在那个时刻他走开是很聪明的。
????B、 for sb.的句型使用表示客观情况的形容词。
例如：hard, easy, possible, impossible,
difficult, necessary, unnecessary, important,
interesting等。
例如：It was impossible for him to get there
on time.他要准时到达那里已是不可能的事。
It is simple for me to solve the problem.对我来
说解决此事非常简单。????????1.—I can't decide ________.
—You mean the purple sweater or the blue one?
A．how to go there B．who to go with
C．where to visit D．which to choose 解析：本题考查非谓语动词的动词不定式。
四个答语均是疑问词加不定式在句中作宾语，
根据第二句知不同颜色的衣服只能是选择，
其他均不符合句意，因此选D。????2．(2010·兰州)—What are on show in the museum?
—Some photos ________ by the children of
Yushu, Qinghai.
A．have been taken B．were taken
C．are taken D．taken【解析】本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。
taken 作some photos 的定语，分词短语作定语
要放在被修饰词的后面。故选D。????3.(2010·兰州)We have two rooms ________，
but I can't decide ________.
A．to live; to choose which one
B．lived; choose which one
C．to live in; which one to choose
D．live; which one解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。根据句意
“我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪
一个。”第一个句子中live in的in不能省略。
“选择哪一个”用“which one to choose”。故选C。 ????(2010·荆州)—Are you going to Tibet for
vacation?
—Yes. I want you to ________ me with
some information about it.
A．offer B．give C．show D．provide解析】want sb. to do sth, 是“想要某人做某事”。
provide sb with sth表示“为某人提供某物”。 ????(2010·泰安)—How about going shopping this
weekend, Peter?
—Sorry. I prefer ________ rather than ________.
A．to stay at home; go out
B．to go out; stay at home
C．staying at home; go out
D．going out; stay at home 【解析】prefer to do rather than do意为
“宁愿……而不愿”。句意为“宁愿呆在家里而
不愿出去。”故选A。????(2010·贵阳)Nancy is really a hard-working student.
We often see her ________ books in the classroom.
A．read 　　B．to read C．reads【解析】考查see sb do sth意为“看见某人做某事”
。句意为“南希真的是一个勤奋的学生。
我们经常看见她在教室里读书。”(2009中考变式题)—Why did you buy a radio?
—________ English.
A．Learn B．Learning
C．To learn D．Be learning????(2009中考变式题)—Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when
________ for London?
—Yes, tomorrow afternoon.
A．leaving B．leaves
C．to leave D．are you leaving 【解析】考查特殊疑问词＋不定式作宾语的 用法(2009中考变式题)The doctor did what he could
________ the dying man.
A．save B．to save C．saved D．saving????(2011中考预测题)—I've just borrowed a
CD player, but I don't know ________.
—You can read the instructions.
A．how to use it B．where to buy it
C．when to return it D．where to put it(2011中考预测题)—What a heavy rain!
—So it is. I prefer ________ at home ________
on such a rainy day.
A．watch TV; to go out
B．watch TV; go out
C．watching TV; to going out
D．to watch TV; going out????2011中考预测题)—Could you please ________
when you go out? It smells terrible in the room.
—Sure. But where should I put it?
A．take out the trash B．sweep the floor
C．turn off the light D．fold the clothe 解析】由句意可知选A，take out the trash“倒垃圾” I am going to the party ________(hold)
at Smith's home this evening if I am free.【答案】to be held ????※can’t help
doing：情不自禁做某事
例：when he heard the news,he can’t help
jumping.
to do：不能帮助做某事
例：Sorry, I can’t help to do it for you.
※mean
doing：意思做某事
例：What I said means not telling him the
news now.
to do：打算做某事
例：I mean to start off tomorrow.????※need/want/require
doing：表示被动 例：
The blackboard needs cleaning
=The blackboard needs to be cleaned.
to do：表示主动 例：She needs to have a rest.
※try
doing：试着做某事 例：
Let me try driving for you.
to do：尽力做某事 例：We must try to finish it
on time.????※agree
on doing：对做某事表示同意
例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon.
to do：同意要做某事
例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday.
※decide
on doing：对做某事做出决定
例：We have decided on stopping him from
woking on.
to do：决定要做某事
例：I decide to go abroad for study.???? ※advise
doing：建议做某事
例：We advise going skating tomorrow.
sb. to do：建议某人做某事
例：We advise you to go skating tomorrow.
※permit
doing：允许做某事
例：The boss did not permit working for shorter.
sb. to do：允许某人做某事
例：The boss did not permitme to work for
shorter.????※encourage
doing：鼓励做某事
例：The government encourages planting trees
to protect the environment
sb. to do：鼓励某人做某事 例：The teacher
often encourages us to study hard.
※allow
doing：允许做某事例：We don’t allow
smoking here
sb. to do：允许某人做某事做 例：We don’t
allow you to smoke here????根据以下中文提示，以“Travel”为题写一
篇60—80词的短文。
当你工作或学习感到厌烦时，可以选择旅行
休闲的同时也可以领略大自然的美丽风光，
呼吸新鲜空气，结交新朋友，散心等。
2. 有时旅行会有烦恼，如天气多变、被雨淋湿
等。3. 出发前应充分了解天气情况，最好结伴同
行，可以互相照应，以免发生意外。
除以上需要注意的几点，可根据你的理解自由
发挥。提示词语：be tired of doing sth., enjoy
the beauty of nature, breathe, prepare yourself,
companion, cause accident ... Writing task????Travel is a very good activity. When you are tired
of working or studying, or when you have time,
you can go to a beautiful place to enjoy the beauty
of nature. You can breathe fresh air, make some
new friends, relax yourself and so on.
But sometimes it may cause trouble. The weather
often changes. You may get wet in the rain and
may have a cold. You should prepare yourself
carefully before your trip. You should know
something about the weather. You’d better find
a companion so that you can help each other to
avoid accidents. In this way, you’ll have a
wonderful trip. SummaryThanks !!