2022届高考英语二轮复习：必考的三大句型专题学案（无答案）

高考英语必考的三大句型专题讲义
一、五大基本句型：简单句
五大基本句型 简单句 主 谓（vi.） (On May 22nd), Yuan Longping died. 状（时） 主 谓 Yuan Longping was born in Beijing. 主 谓 状（地点）
主 谓（vt.） 宾 Yuan Longping loved playing the biolin (in his spare time). 主 谓 宾 状（时间） Yuan Longping saved millions of people (from hunger) (by 主 谓 宾 状（地点） developing the first hybrid rice). 状（方式）
主 系 表 Yuan Longping was a Chinese agricultural scientist. 主 系 表 Yuan Longping has become a true food hero. 主 系 表
主 谓 间宾+直宾 Yuan Longping gave farmers advice (about growing rice). 主 谓 间宾 直宾 后置定语 =Yuan Longping gave advice (about growing rice) to farmers.
主 谓 宾+宾补（宾补对宾语进行补充说明） Yuan Longping made people live a better life. 主 谓 宾 宾补
四大并列句
并列句 并列关系 YuanLongping was born in Beijing and he was a Chinese agricultural scientist. YuanLongping was not only a Chinese agricultural scientist but also an artist.
转折关系 Yuan Longping met/encountered(遭遇) many difficulties in research, but/yet he never gave up.
选择关系 Hurry up, or/otherwise you will miss the film Yuan Longping. You can either read the auto-biography(自传) of Yuan Longping or watch a film about him to know more about the great person.
因果关系 Yuan Longping spent plenty of time doing his research, so he made many breakthroughs(突破) in his area.
高考真题链接：
1. (2021年全国甲卷) My bike was old and shaky _________ did the job.
2. (2021年全国新高考1卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure_________ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
3. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷) Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.（改错）
4. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) When I studied chemistry in high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.（改错）
三大主从复合句
定语从句：修饰名词（即先行词）的从句，本质是一种后置定语。
定语从句 关系代词引导（从句缺成分） He (who/that plays with fire ) gets burnt. 玩火者必自焚。(作主语) She’s the woman (who/that/whom I met in Paris). 她就是我在巴黎遇到的那个女人。(作宾语,可省略) I received a letter (that/which made me very happy). 我收到一封让我很高兴的信。(作主语) I can never forget the day (that/which we spent together).我不能忘记我们一起度过的日子。（作宾语，可省略） XuBeihong is a famous artist (whose horse paintings are almost lifelike.) 徐悲鸿是著名的艺术家，他的马画几乎栩栩如生。（作定语表所属关系）
关系副词引导（从句完整不缺成分） I will never forget the day when (=on which) I joined the party. 我永远也忘不了我入党的日子。（关系副词when引导定语从句=介词+which） My grandparents have a pond where (=in which) they raise many fish.我爷爷奶奶有一个池塘，在那里他们养了很多鱼。（关系副词where=介词+which引导定语从句） The reason why(=for which ) he was late is that he didn’t catch the early bus。他迟到的原因是他没有赶上早班巴士。（关系副词why=for+which引导定语从句）
非限定性定语从句（关系代词不用that） I bought a flat yesterday, which used to belong to Tom. 我买了一个公寓，他过去属于汤姆。 Our guide, who was a Canadian, was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个加拿大人，是一位优秀的厨师。 Tom was late for class again this morning, which made his headteacher angry/annoyed. 汤姆今天早上又上课迟到了，这然他的班主任很生气。（which指代前面整句话） There are 54 students in our class, of whom the most diligent is DaZhuang. 我们班有54人，其中最勤奋的是大壮。 I bought many books, only two of which were very interesting. 我买了很多书，只有其中 两本书很有趣。
高考真题链接：
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·63) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷·61) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
4.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷·62) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
5. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·64) They were well trained by their masters ____________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
6. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
7. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷) They also had a small pond which they raised fish. （改错）
8. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. （改错）
9. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. （改错）
名词性从句：在句中起到一个名词的作用，可做主语、宾语、表语或同位语
口诀：作主语是主从，动词介词后是宾从，系动词后是表从，解释名词是同位语从句
名词性从句 That引导 It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.=That trees are indispensable to us is universally acknowledged . 人们普遍认为树对我们是不可或缺的。(that引导的主语从句; it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句） I sincerely hope (that) you can attend it. 我真心希望你能参加。（that引导的宾语从句，that 可省略） The reason why we should protect natural resources is that we will benefit from it. 我们应该保护自然资源的原因是我们可以从中收益。（that引导表语从句） I hold the firm belief that l will be equal to this position. 我相信我将胜任这个职位。（that引导的同位语从句）
Whether/if引导 Whether the meeting will be held depends on the weather.会议能否举行取决于天气。（whether引导的主语从句） I wonder whether/if you can lend me a helping hand. 我想知道是否你能帮助我。（whether/if引导的宾语从句） The question is whether they will support the plan.问题是他们是否会支持这个计划.
疑问词引导 疑问代词引导：what/which/whom/whose(在句中做成分) What impressed me most is that he’s always ready to help others. 令我印象最深的就是他总是乐于帮助他人。(疑问词what引导的主语从句) After years of hardship, they finally reached what is called America now. 多年的艰辛之后，他们最终到达了现在被称作美国的地方。(what引导的宾语从句) China is no longer what it used to be.中国不再是曾经的样子了。（what引导的表语从句） 疑问副词引导：when/where/why/how(其后句子完整不缺成分) Where we will spend our holiday has not been decided. (疑问词where引导的主语从句) That’s why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(疑问词why引导的表语从句)
高考真题链接：
（2021年新高考1卷)__________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out -of -this -world scene.
(2020年全国Ⅱ卷·62) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special significance.
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·69) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how_______ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
(2019年全国Ⅰ卷·61) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
( 2018全国Ⅲ卷)I’m not sure ______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) ... I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.
状语从句：在句中作状语，包括九大状语从句
状语从句 时间状从 When I arrived, I saw a two-month-old panda. 当我到达时，我看到一个两个月大的熊猫。 While (I was) walking down the street, I came across an old friend. 当我正沿着大街走时，偶遇一位老友。 As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important. 随着/当世界变成一个地球村，英语变得越来越重要。 As soon as/The moment /The minute/The instant the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.老师一进来，学生就立即停止了谈话。 He didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down. 直到学生安静下来，他才开始上课。 Once I started the car, my mind went blank.一旦我开动汽车，我的大脑一片空白。 Every time she saw me, she always smiled at me. 每次她看到我 都对我微笑。
地点状从 We must camp where/wherever we can get water. 我们必须在我们能获取水的（任何）地方露营。
原因状从 Because/Since(=Now that)/as you have grown old, you should learn to be independent. 因为/既然你已经长大了，你应该学会独立。
目的状从 The Internet celebrity always wears a sun glasses when going out, so that/in order that no one can recognize him. 这个网红外出时总是戴着墨镜，以便于没人能认出他。Keep an eye on the stove in case /for fear the milk boils. 注意着炉子，以防/以免牛奶沸腾溢出。
结果状从 He is so learned (a person) that we all admire him very much.= He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much. 他是如此博学, 以至于我们都非常欣赏他。
条件状从 If we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone forever. 如果我们不停止气候改变，许多世界上的动植物将会永远消失。 Unless we take immediate actions to stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone forever. 除非我们立刻采取行动来停止气候改变，许多世界上的动植物将会永远消失。 As/So long as you stick to your plan for your study, you are sure to make great progress. 只要你坚持你的学习计划，你一定会取得进步。
让步状从 Although/Though/While/Even if/Even though the online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive. 尽管网购已经改变了我们的生活，但它的影响并不都是积极的。 We should respect others whoever(=no matter who) they are.无论他们是谁，我们都应该尊重他人。
方式状从 The old lady treats the boy as if/as though he were her own son. 老人对待这个男孩就像是自己的儿子一样。 Open your mouth as/just as I do. 像我一样张开嘴巴。
比较状从 Sometimes the hosts offers guests more food than they need. 有时主人提供客人的食物比他们需要的多。 The result were as bad as I had expected. 结果和我预料的一样糟。
高考真题链接：
1. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷) ________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
2. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) Corn uses less water _____ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
3. (2016全国Ⅱ卷) Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive _____ possible before lunch.
4. (2016全国Ⅲ卷) Over time, _____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces.
( 2018年全国Ⅱ卷) The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. （改错）
5. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. （改错）