2022中考初中英语 二轮 语法专题九 非谓语动词 讲练（含答案）

语法专题九　非谓语动词
命题点1　动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，否定形式是在动词不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语。
1．动词不定式的功能
(1)作主语
To keep the classroom clean is important. 保持教室干净是重要的。
It's important to protect the environment.保护环境很重要。
(2)作表语
My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。
(3)作宾语或宾语补足语
I want to keep the classroom clean. 我想保持教室干净。
Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom clean.
我们老师建议我们保持教室干净。
(4)作定语
I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。
(5)作状语
Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的)
We're glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因)
He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果)
【命题专家点拨】
(1)动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语——动词不定式则被后置。
It is important to keep the classroom clean. 保持教室干净是重要的。
(2)若动词不定式位于句首作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
To help others makes James happy. 帮助别人使詹姆斯开心。
(3)主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上应一致。
To see is to believe./Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2．“疑问词＋动词不定式”的用法
(1)动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语。
When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)
I haven't decided when to leave Beijing. 我还没决定什么时候离开北京。(作宾语)
My question is how to go to Beijing. 我的问题是如何去北京。(作表语)
(2)“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。
Can you tell me where to buy a cup ＝Can you tell me where I can buy a cup？你能告诉我在哪里能买到杯子吗？
3．后接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词(短语)
afford负担得起 agree同意 begin开始
choose选择 decide决定 expect期望
fail未做到 hope希望 learn学习
like喜欢 manage设法做成 offer主动提出
plan计划 prepare准备 promise承诺
refuse拒绝 start开始 try努力
wish希望 would like想要
4．后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词
allow允许 ask要求 advise建议
encourage鼓励 expect期望 force强迫
help帮助 invite邀请 order命令
remind提醒 require要求 teach教
tell告诉 want想要 warn警告
wish希望
5．动词不定式的常用句型
(1)too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。
The boy is too young to look after himself. 这个男孩太小了，不能照顾自己。
(2)adj.＋enough to...表示“足够……去做……”。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。
(3)It's one's turn to do sth.表示“轮到某人做某事了”。
It's my turn to clean the classroom. 轮到我打扫教室了。
(4)It takes/took sb. some money/time to do sth.表示“花费某人……金钱/时间做某事”。
It took me three hours to finish the task on my own.
独自完成这项任务花费了我三个小时。
(5)It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb.＋to do sth.表示“某人做某事是……(的)/对某人来说做某事是……(的)”。
It's kind of you to help me with my study. 你能在学习上帮助我真是太好了。
It's hard for you to carry the machine by yourself. 你自己搬动这个机器是困难的。
(6)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
She prefers to receive a small and meaningful gift rather than receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。
(7)It＋be＋one's duty＋to do sth.表示“做某事是某人的义务”。
It's my duty to look after my little sister.照顾我的小妹妹是我的义务。
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1．(2021·山东济南学考)—Have you finished your book report yet
—No, I haven't. I plan ________ it this weekend.
A．write B．wrote
C．writing D．to write
2．(2020·山东济南学考)The teacher tells the students ________ hands often in public places.
A．wash B．washes
C．to wash D．washing
3．(2019·山东济南学考)Allan has a pet dog. I often see him ________ the dog in the morning.
A．walk B．walks
C．walked D．to walk
4．(2018·山东济南学考)Tina asked me ________to the mountains with her, but I had too much homework to do.
A．go B．went
C．going D．to go
5．(2017·山东济南学考)Last night, I found a photo in an old book. It made me ________ of my primary school life.
A．think B．thinking
C．thought D．to think
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用所给词的适当形式填空。
6．(2021·内蒙古包头中考改编)________(enjoy) the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone.
7．(2021·江苏南京中考改编)I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people ________(get) closer to them.
8．(2021·江苏盐城中考改编)Last September, Thunderstorm was shown ________(remember) Cao Yu, one of China's greatest playwrights.
9．(2021·四川遂宁中考改编)—My parents don't allow me ________(use) my phone on school days.
—They are strict. But they always want the best for you.
命题点2　动名词
动名词由“动词原形＋ ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。
1．动名词的功能
(1)作主语
Teaching English is interesting. 教英语是有趣的。
(2)作宾语
She likes teaching English. 她喜欢教英语。(动词的宾语)
She is good at teaching English. 她擅长教英语。(介词的宾语)
(3)作表语
Her job is teaching English in a middle school. 她的工作是在一所中学教英语。
(4)作定语
She wants to buy a washing machine. 她想买一台洗衣机。
2．后接动名词作宾语的常见动词(短语)
advise/suggest建议　 avoid避免　　 consider考虑
enjoy喜欢 finish完成 imagine想象
keep坚持 mind介意 miss错过
admit承认 practice练习 risk冒险
stand忍受 feel like想要 succeed in成功
give up放弃 be busy忙于 be good at擅长
be interested in对……感兴趣
can't help禁不住 devote to...致力于……
be worth...值得…… keep on...继续……
spend time (in) doing花费时间做……
stop/prevent sb. from doing sth.防止/阻止某人做……
have fun/trouble/problems/difficulty (in)．..做……有乐趣/麻烦/问题/困难
【命题专家点拨】
(1)若动名词位于句首作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
(2)有一些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，但是意思有区别，常见的有：
(3)若to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形；若to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。以下短语中的to为介词：
be/get/become used to习惯于
hold on to守住；保住
stick to坚持　　　　　 lead to导致；引起；通向
turn to求助于 look forward to盼望；期待
look up to 敬仰；尊敬 pay attention to 注意
命题点3　分词
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词由“动词＋ ing”构成，表示主动、进行之意；过去分词由“动词＋ ed”构成，表示被动、完成之意。
1．现在分词的功能
(1)作定语
The crying girl can't find her mother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。
(2)作表语
The story is interesting.这个故事很有趣。
(3)作宾语补足语
I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。
(4)作状语
Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。
2．过去分词的功能
(1)作定语
The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。
(2)作表语
She is very tired.她很疲劳。
(3)作宾语补足语
She found the village greatly changed.她发现这个村庄变化很大。
(4)作状语
Given more time, I can make a better cake. 给我更多时间，我可以做一个更好的蛋糕。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
(1)现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或者进行。
a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子
a developing country一个发展中国家
boiling water正在沸腾的水
a surprising look一个令人吃惊的表情
(2)过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，表示该动作的被动或者完成。
the novel written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的那篇小说
a singer surrounded by a group of fans 被一群粉丝包围的歌手
fallen leaves 落叶
a snow covered city一座被雪覆盖的城市
4．过去分词的常见搭配
(1)主语＋have/get sth. done“使……被……”。
I want to have/get these chairs fixed.我想把这些椅子修理一下。
(2)It be＋过去分词＋that...句型：
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……
It is suggested that...有人建议……
It is required that...人们要求……
It is believed that...人们相信……
参考答案
【命题点1】
1～5 DCADA
6．To enjoy　7.to get　8.to remember　9.to use