2022中考初中英语 二轮 语法专题七 形容词和副词 讲练（含答案）

语法专题七　形容词和副词
命题点1　形容词词义辨析
下面列举初中阶段常见的形容词搭配，方便考生平时积累记忆。
1．与of搭配
be proud of为……感到自豪
be afraid of害怕
be careful of当心；注意
be full of充满
be sure of对……有把握
be tired of对……感到厌倦
2．与in搭配
be interested in对……感兴趣
be rich in盛产
be successful in在……方面成功
be weak in在……方面薄弱
3．与for搭配
be bad for对……有坏处
be easy for对……是容易的
be famous for因……而出名
be good for对……有好处
be sorry for为……感到抱歉
be thirsty for渴望
4．与with搭配
be angry with对……生气
be busy with忙于
be filled with充满
be happy with对……感到满足
be patient with对……是容忍的；对……有耐心
be popular with受……欢迎
be satisfied with对……感到满意
be strict with对……严厉
5．与about搭配
be crazy about对……着迷
be sure about对……有把握
be worried about对……感到担忧
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1．(2020·山东济南学考)—The Xiaoqing River in Jinan has become ________ again.
—Let's go to take photos there!
A．clean B．dirty
C．warm D．easy
2．(2020·山东济南学考)—What's the weather like in Wuhan
—It's warm and ________， just right for flying kites.
A．snowy B．rainy
C．cold D．windy
3．(2019·山东济南学考)—What does your cousin look like Is he tall or ________？
—He is tall. And he is strong.
A．short B．thin
C．long D．small
4．(2018·山东济南学考)—Hello, Anna! It's cold today, isn't it
—Oh, I think it's ________.
A．warm B．free
C．tidy D．lazy
5．(2017·山东济南学考)—Don't worry. I'll help you find your bag. What color is it
—It's ________．
A．new B．fat
C．red D．dry
6．(2017·山东济南学考)—Math is too ________ for me.
—But it is very useful. Please don't give up.
A．delicious B．favorite
C．difficult D．different
7．(2016·山东济南学考)—Xi'an is a very old city.
—Sure. It has a ________ history.
A．big B．small
C．short D．long
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8．(2021·江苏连云港中考)Drinking tea is usually seen as a ________ lifestyle in China.
A．strict B．boring
C．clean D．healthy
9．(2021·天津中考)It is ________ to say “thank you” very often, even to family members.
A．polite B．rude
C．dangerous D．humorous
10．(2021·湖北武汉中考)—Does the store have good fame
—Yes, the prices here are always very fair. The owner just wants to make a(an) ________ living.
A．honest B．healthy
C．relaxing D．exciting
11．(2021·江苏扬州中考)I can't believe you made the life like cat out of paper. How ________ you are!
A．loyal B．creative
C．helpful D．organized
12．(2021·江苏苏州中考)Peter has a ________ memory and often forgets the names of people around him.
A．long B．good
C．rich D．poor
命题点2　副词词义辨析
备考过程中，考生需要掌握副词的分类及基本用法，并在具体语境中理解和运用副词。
1．常考的 ly副词
actually事实上 badly坏地
clearly清楚地 completely完整地
directly直接地 easily容易地
exactly确切地 especially尤其；特别
finally最终；最后 firstly首先；第一
gradually逐渐地 luckily幸运地
properly合适地 probably可能地
quietly安静地 quickly迅速地
slowly慢慢地 seriously严重地
suddenly突然地
2．常见的副词分类
分类 例词
时间副词 ago, already, before, early, just, now, later, then, today, yesterday, yet, immediately, soon, once
地点副词 anywhere, somewhere, here, there, left, right, inside, outside, up, down
程度副词 almost, nearly, much, quite, rather, so, too, very, hardly, even, enough, just, such, only
频度副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never　
疑问副词及短语 when, where, why, how, how often, how soon, how long, how far, how many, how much
关系副词 when, why, where
3.常见副词词组辨析
副词词组 用法 例句
how long “多久，多长时间”，对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”回答 —How long have you been in China？你来中国多久了？—For three months.有三个月了。
how soon “多快，多久以后”，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in＋时间段”回答 —How soon will he come back？他多久以后才能回来？—In five minutes.5分钟后。
how often “多长时间一次”，对频率提问，常用once/twice/three times a week等回答　 —How often do you visit your grandparents？你多久去看望你的祖父母一次？—Once a week.一周一次。
how far “多远”，对距离提问 —How far is it from your home to your school？你家离学校有多远？—About two kilometers.大概两千米。
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1．(2021·山东济南学考)—Susan, how was your party
—Pretty good. We sang and danced ________ all night.
A．happily B．hardly
C．politely D．clearly
2．(2020·山东济南学考)He is such a well known writer that his books are ________ read all over the world.
A．hardly B．widely
C．clearly D．politely
3．(2019·山东济南学考)—Excuse me. Could you speak a little louder I can't hear you ________．
—OK.
A．hardly B．cheaply
C．clearly D．heavily
4．(2018·山东济南学考)We should talk ________in public places. It's very impolite to shout.
A．loudly B．quietly
C．slowly D．quickly
5．(2017·山东济南学考)—Kelly always does her homework very ________．
—Yes. That's why she makes few mistakes in her homework.
A．hardly B．loudly
C．carefully D．politely
6．(2016·山东济南学考)If you are late for a movie, please walk in ________．
A．loudly B．clearly
C．quietly D．cheaply
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7．(2021·湖北十堰中考)—You are not ________ dressed for the weather.
—But I feel comfortable.
A．properly B．heavily
C．directly D．hardly
8．(2021·内蒙古包头中考)A small town in Norway doesn't get direct sunlight from late September to mid March—________ six months out of the year.
A．only B．hardly
C．clearly D．nearly
选词填空。
9．(2021·江苏盐城中考改编) Cloth shoes became popular during the Ming Dynasty, ________ in Sichuan Province.
10．(2021·江苏南京中考改编)Many of the older buildings in our city now look beautiful because workers have ________ made them look as good as new.
11．(2021·浙江温州中考改编)Susan went into her bedroom and ate chocolate ________， not letting her parents know that.
命题点3　形容词和副词的比较等级
做考查比较等级的题目时，应首先分析句中是否有标志词(如than通常是比较级的标志词，one of...通常是最高级的标志，as...as通常是原级的标志等)，再根据标志词确定使用形容词或副词的哪种形式。若题干中没有标志词，则需要结合语境来判断使用哪种形式。此外，还应注意比较等级的特殊句型或结构，如“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”“比较级＋and＋比较级”等。
1．形容词和副词原级的用法
(1)肯定句中：“A＋be动词/实义动词＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋B”，表示“A和B一样……”。
Sally is as old as my sister.萨莉和我妹妹年龄一样大。
(2)否定句中：“A＋be动词/实义动词＋not＋as/so＋adj./adv.＋as＋B”，表示“A不及B……”。
Math is not as/so difficult as English.数学不如英语难。
【命题专家点拨】
(1)若第一个as/so后有形容词作定语修饰名词，应将该名词及有关修饰词放在第一个as/so之后。
Bob is as good a player as his brother.鲍勃像他哥哥一样是个优秀的运动员。
(2)very, too, so, quite等程度副词只修饰原级，不能修饰形容词比较级和最高级。
(3)表示“A是B的几倍”时，用“A＋be动词/实义动词＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋B”结构(一倍：once, 两倍：twice, 三倍及以上：基数词＋times)。
The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。
2．形容词和副词比较等级的变化规则
(1)规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词　 一般在词尾直接加 er, est longfast longerfaster longestfastest
以不发音的e结尾时，在词尾加 r, st latelarge laterlarger latestlargest
以辅音字母加y结尾时，变y为i，再加 er, est lazyeasyhappy laziereasierhappier laziesteasiesthappiest
以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加 er, est bigthin biggerthinner biggestthinnest
多音节词和部分双音节词　 在原级前加more, most carefulimportant more carefulmore important most carefulmost__important
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
ill/bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3．形容词和副词比较级的用法
(1)当有表示程度的副词much, even, far, a little, a bit, a lot等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。
It is even colder today.今天甚至更冷了。
(2)比较级的常见结构如下：
①“A＋be动词/实义动词＋比较级＋than＋B”表示“A比B……”(注意比较的对象要一致)
The blue cup is bigger than the green one. 蓝色的杯子比绿色的杯子大。
②“Which/Who＋be动词/实义动词＋比较级，A or B？”表示“A、B两者中哪一个/谁更……？”
Who is taller, you or Tom？你和汤姆谁更高？
③“the＋比较级＋of the two...”表示“两者之间比较……的一个”
He is the thinner of the two.他是两个中较瘦的那个。
④“比较级＋and＋比较级/more and more＋多音节形容词/副词原级”表示“越来越……”
This song is becoming more and more popular. 这首歌变得越来越受欢迎了。
⑤“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……就越……”
The harder we study, the better results we'll get. 我们学习越努力，学习成绩就越好。
⑥“A＋be动词/实义动词＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B”表示“A是B的……倍”
This box is three times bigger than that box. 这个盒子是那个盒子的三倍大。
⑦“A＋be动词/实义动词＋比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数”或“A＋be动词/实义动词＋比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数”表示“A比其他任何一个都……”(比较级结构表示最高级含义)
He is taller than any other boy in his class. ＝He is taller than the other boys in his class. 他比他班里的其他任何一个男孩都高。
4．形容词和副词最高级的用法
(1)“主语＋be动词/实义动词＋(the)最高级＋of/in＋比较范围”表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较
Jane has the longest hair in her class.简的头发在她班里是最长的。
(2)“A＋be动词/实义动词＋one of the＋最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“A是最……之一”
Shanghai is one of the most famous cities in China.上海是中国最著名的城市之一。
(3)“A＋be动词/实义动词＋the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词＋范围”表示“A是……中第……最……的……”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
(4)“Which/Who＋动词＋(the)最高级，A，B or C？”表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择
Who runs the fastest, Tom, Kate or Bill？汤姆、凯特和比尔，谁跑得最快？
【命题专家点拨】
(1)形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the, 副词最高级前可以不用加the。
This picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
He draws (the) most wonderfully. 他画得最好。
(2)形容词最高级前面有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时， 不需加定冠词the。
She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
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1．(2021·山东济南学考)Cindy is always ready to help others. I think she is ________ student in my class.
A．good B．better C．best D．the best
2．(2020·山东济南学考)—Dad, which is ________， the sun or the moon
—The sun, Tommy. The moon is much smaller.
A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest
3．(2019·山东济南学考)—My best friend Alice is much ________ than me.
—I'm very outgoing.
A．quiet B．quieter
C．quietest D．the quietest
4．(2018·山东济南学考)Julie is only eleven years old, but she is ________ than her mother.
A．taller B．tallest
C．older D．oldest
5．(2017·山东济南学考)Sarah is ________ than her sister Susan. Sarah is 166 cm tall. Susan is 171 cm tall.
A．shorter B．shortest
C．taller D．tallest
6．(2016·山东济南学考)—When is the ________ time to visit Brazil
—In August and September, I think. Not too cold, not too hot.
A．hottest B．hotter
C．best D．better
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用所给词的适当形式填空。
7．(2021·江苏南京中考改编)Jogging is ________(cheap) than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes.
8．(2021·四川遂宁中考改编)—What's ________(high) mountain in the world
—Qomolangma. It is 8，848.86 meters high according to the latest report.
9．(2021·四川泸州中考改编)—Fishing is one of ________(popular) activities among many people.
—Yes. But now it's not allowed to fish in the Yangtze River as well as other rivers.
10．(2021·湖北黄冈中考改编)—Who is the girl dancing on the stage
—Oh, she's my friend Maria. She dances much ________(well) than before.
命题点4　用所给形容词、副词的适当形式填空
1．如何判断空格处使用形容词
(1)空前有系动词feel和is，且无比较之意。
The girl is very careful.这个女孩很细心。
(2)空前为复合不定代词，且无比较之意。
I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
(3)空后为名词。
I need to have a good rest after a long time of work.工作很长时间之后，我需要好好休息一下。
(4)在使役动词(make，find，let等)＋sb./sth.＋adj.结构中。
Everyone should make his own life colorful. 每个人都应该让自己的生活丰富多彩。
(5)在句型It is ＋adj.(of/for sb.) to do sth.中。
It is good for you to eat more vegetables. 多吃蔬菜对你的身体好。
(6)在as...as结构中，且空前有系动词。
I am as tall as you. 我和你一样高。
(7)“the＋形容词”表示一类人。
the blind盲人 the deaf聋人
the old老人 the young年轻人
the rich富人 the poor穷人
the sick病人 the disabled残疾人
the wounded受伤者
2．如何判断空格处使用副词
(1)修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
Be quiet! He is reading carefully.安静！他正在认真地读书。
(2)位于实义动词之前或be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，修饰整个句子。
It is usually crowded in the supermarket on weekends.周末超市通常是拥挤的。
(3)位于句首，作状语，修饰整个句子。
Unfortunately, he was out.很遗憾，他出去了。
(4)在固定搭配中。
speak highly of高度评价
(5)根据上下文语境，需要表示频度、程度等时。
Do you go to the cinema very often？你经常去看电影吗？
(6)在as...as结构中，且谓语动词为实义动词。
I can run as fast as you. 我可以和你跑得一样快。
参考答案
【命题点1】
1～5 ADAAC　6～10 CDDAA　11～12 BD
【命题点2】
1～5 ABCBC　6～8 CAD　9.especially　10.carefully　11.secretly
【命题点3】
1～5 DBBAA　6.C　7.cheaper
8．the highest　9.the most popular　10.better