2022中考初中英语 二轮 语法专题十二 复合句 讲练 （含答案）

语法专题十二　复合句
命题点1　宾语从句
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
1．语序
宾语从句的语序使用陈述语序。
Do you know where Tom lives？你知道汤姆住哪儿吗？
2．引导词
(1)that
用法：在从句中无意义，不充当句子成分，在口语中常可省略
I believe (that) you will succeed. 我相信你会成功。
(2)连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等)
用法：在从句中作一定的成分，如作主语、宾语、定语等
Lisa wonders what she should do next. 丽莎想知道她接下来应该做什么。
Do you know whose coat it is？你知道这是谁的外套吗？
(3)连接副词(when/where/why/how等)
用法：在从句中作状语
Jessie hasn't decided when she will leave for Paris. 杰西还没有决定什么时候出发去巴黎。
(4)if/whether
用法：意为“是否”，不作句子成分，不能省略
I don't know if/whether my sister will come to the party. 我不知道我姐姐是否会来参加聚会。
3．时态
(1)主句：一般现在时
从句：根据实际情况使用相应的时态
I hear Joe left/will leave for Beijing yesterday/tomorrow.我听说乔昨天去了北京/明天要去北京。
(2)主句：一般过去时
从句：使用过去的某种时态
Kate said she was going shopping at this time yesterday.凯特说她昨天这个时候在购物。
(3)从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
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1．(2021·山东济南学考)—Excuse me. Do you know ________？
—Yes. You can go to Furong Street.
A．where I can get some local snacks
B．where does the boy come from
C．when can we travel to Hong Kong
D．when did Jimmy come to Jinan
2．(2020·山东济南学考)—Could you tell me ________ during the winter vacation
—I studied online and helped with the housework.
A．what did you do B．what you did
C．where did they go D．where you went
3．(2019·山东济南学考)—What's up, Tony
—Well, Mr. King, could you tell me ________？
A．how did you learn history
B．when the art festival is
C．where were you yesterday
D．what are they drawing
4．(2018·山东济南学考)—I wonder ________.
—What about next Saturday
A．what time does she go to work
B．when will you watch the movie
C．what time is his cousin leaving
D．when you can hang out with me
5．(2017·山东济南学考)—Could you please tell me ________？
—Well, I always write e mails to my pen pals.
A．how do you learn Chinese
B．what is your pen pal's hobby
C．what do you do after class
D．how you improve your writing
6．(2016·山东济南学考)—Li Mei, do you know ________？　
—Well, she likes The Voice of China.
A．what TV show does your English teacher like
B．what TV show your English teacher likes
C．what TV show did your English teacher like
D．what TV show your English teacher liked
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7．(2021·湖北荆州中考)—I hear we'll have a new English teacher this term.
—Really Do you know ________？
A．what subject he teaches
B．where he comes from
C．if he is a math teacher
D．why he teaches so well
8．(2021·新疆中考)—I just came back from Shanghai Disneyland. Can you guess ________？
—I've no idea. But I've heard everything there is quite expensive.
A．how I came back home
B．how many days I stayed there
C．when I came back home
D．how much I paid for the Micky Mouse toy
9．(2021·江苏盐城中考)—Jim is planning a trip to Shanghai this weekend, but still doesn't decide ________．　
—Why not take the high speed railway It's fast and comfortable.
A．who will he visit B．what he will do
C．how he's going there D．whom is he going with
10．(2021·四川遂宁中考)—About the Chinese Dream, could you please tell us ________， Mr. Wang
—By pulling together.
A．how can we make it come true
B．how we can make it come true
C．when can we make it come true
D．when we can make it come true
11．(2021·云南昆明中考)—Have you ever heard about the new law against food waste I'm wondering ________．
—Don't worry. Of course it will.
A．will it be helpful
B．how will it be helpful
C．it will be helpful
D．whether it will be helpful
12．(2021·天津中考)—Could you tell me ________ “the Father of Rice”？
—Because he helped many countries grow more rice.
A．when was Yuan Longping called
B．why is Yuan Longping called
C．when Yuan Longping was called
D．why Yuan Longping is called
命题点2　定语从句
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词that, which, who, whom，whose和关系副词when, where, why。在解答此类试题时，可按以下步骤解题：
①首先根据语境，分析句子结构，找出先行词；
②其次判断先行词指人还是物，缩小关系代词的选择范围；
③最后把先行词还原到定语从句中，明确先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。如果从句缺少主干成分，用关系代词；如果从句不缺主干成分，用关系副词。
1．关系代词的基本用法
(1)that
在句中所作成分：主语、宾语
先行词：人、物
I love movies that are funny.(作主语)
Everything (that) you learn becomes part of you and changes you.(作宾语)
(2)which
在句中所作成分：主语、宾语
先行词：事物
The book which is on the table is mine.(作主语)
I'll never forget the days (which) we spent together. (作宾语)
(3)who
在句中所作成分：主语
先行词：人
I'd like to congratulate all the students who are here today.
(4)whom
在句中所作成分：宾语
先行词：人
He's the boy (whom) I talked with just now.
(5)whose
在句中所作成分：定语
先行词：人、物
He is the writer whose name is Jerry.
The room whose window is open is mine.
2．关系副词的基本用法
(1)where
在句中所作成分：地点状语
先行词：地点
This is the town where Chairman Xi Jinping was born.
(2)when
在句中所作成分：时间状语
先行词：时间
I remember the day when we met for the first time.
(3)why
在句中所作成分：原因状语
先行词：原因
I want to know the reason why you didn't come to school this morning.
3．只能用that，不能用which的情况
(1)先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, all, much, few, any, little等或the one时。
Is there anything that I can do for you？有什么我能为你效劳的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first book that I bought. 这是我买的第一本书。
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
The only thing that I want to do is have a good rest.
我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
The film star and her film that you just talked about are really well known. 你们刚刚谈到的那个影星和她的电影真的很出名。
(5)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that you like best 哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆？
4．只能用which，不能用that的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 那棵400年的树在这里很有名。
(2)关系词前有介词时。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
我们依靠土地来获得粮食。
命题点3　状语从句
1．常见状语从句及其引导词
分类 引导词
时间状语从句 as当……时； before在……之前； since自从； until/till直到……； while当……时； as soon as一……就； after在……之后； when当……的时候
条件状语从句 if如果； unless除非，如果不； as long as只要
让步状语从句 though虽然； although尽管； even though/if即使
原因状语从句 because因为； as由于； since既然
2.时态
(1)主将从现。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
①引导时间状语从句：when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, once等。
I'll call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。
②引导条件状语从句：if, unless, as long as, in case等。
If my mother allows me to go to the party, I will be very happy. 如果我妈妈允许我参加聚会，我会非常开心。
(2)主祈从现：若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词时，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。
Be careful when you cross the road.当你过马路时要小心。
You can get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习，你就能取得好成绩。
(3)since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Our English teacher has worked in this school since she graduated from Peking University. 从北京大学毕业后，我们的英语老师就在这所学校工作。
参考答案
【命题点1】
1～5 ABBDD　6～10 BBDCB　11～12 DD