语法专题三 冠词
在英语中,冠词经常和名词搭配使用,对名词起到修饰和限定的作用。冠词涉及的考查点一般为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词。
命题点1 不定冠词
1.基本用法
(1)泛指某个人或物,意思为“一”,数量概念比one弱。
A girl is looking for you.
有个女孩在找你。
(2)用于可数名词单数形式前,表示一类人或物。
A dog is a useful animal.狗是一种有用的动物。
(3)用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前,表示“每一”,相当于every或each。
We have six classes a day.我们每天有六节课。
(4)用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
The apple is delicious. Can I have a second one
这苹果很好吃,我能再吃一个吗?
(5)用于物质名词前面,表示“一种、一场”等。
What a heavy rain!
好大的一场雨!
(6)用于第一次提到的人或事物的名称前。
I saw a boy over there. He was sleeping.
我看见一个男孩在那儿。他正在睡觉。
(7)构成一些固定短语。
a little bit有点儿
a couple of两个
all of a sudden突然
have a cold感冒
have a look看一看
have a rest/break休息一下
have a try试一试
have a walk散步
for a while偶尔
pay a visit to拜访
play a part/role发挥作用
quite a lot/few许多
【命题专家点拨】
不定冠词的用法
不定冠词两变体,a或an都表“一”。
可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体。
某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。
2.a/an的具体用法
an用在读音以元音音素开头的名词前,如an egg。即使单词拼写以辅音字母开头,如果单词的读音是以元音音素开头,也要用an,如an hour。反之即使拼写以元音字母开头但读音是以辅音音素开头,加不定冠词时也要用a,如 a university。
(1)常见的以元音音素开头的重点名词和形容词
animal answer arm
apple Asian easy
egg eraser eight
eleven elephant eye
education educational engineer
hour idea impolite
important interesting orange
umbrella uncle unhappy
unknown unpleasant unusual
(2)常见的不定冠词易错短语
an honest boy an hour a university
a useful book a usual story
a uniform a European country a UFO
INCLUDEPICTURE"图标-济南真题-跟踪练.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "图标-济南真题-跟踪练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1.(2020·山东济南学考)Dale's dream is to be ________ scientist in the future.
A.a B.an C.the D./
2.(2019·山东济南学考)—I often eat apples.
—Me, too. ________ apple a day keeps the doctors away.
A.A B.An C.The D./
3.(2017·山东济南学考)—Can I help you
—Yes, please. I need ________ sweater.
A.a B.an C.the D./
4.(2016·山东济南学考)—What's your dream job, Lucy
—I want to be ________ doctor.
A.a B.an C.the D./
INCLUDEPICTURE"图标-全国真题-拓展练.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "图标-全国真题-拓展练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
用适当的冠词填空。
5.(2021·云南中考改编)Paper is ________ useful invention. It was invented around 2,000 years ago by Cai Lun.
6.(2021·四川达州中考改编)China is ________ Asian country, while France is ________ European country.
7.(2021·四川凉山中考改编)It is believed that taking the panda themed tourist train to Zunyi is ________ enjoyable experience.
命题点2 定冠词
1.用在特定的人或物的名词前,表示特指。
Who is the girl over there?那边的女孩是谁?
2.用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。
There is a chair in the room. An old man is sitting on the chair.房间里有一把椅子,椅子上坐着一位老人。
3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物名词前以及普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the sun太阳
the moon月亮
the earth地球
the Great Wall长城
the United States美国
the Pacific Ocean太平洋
the Tianshan Mountains天山山脉
4.用在表示演奏的乐器之前。
The boy can play the piano.这个男孩会弹钢琴。
My father can play the erhu.我爸爸会拉二胡。
5.用于形容词、副词的最高级前。
Maths is the most difficult subject for me.对我来说,数学是最难的科目。
6.用在序数词或表示顺序的其他词前。
All the students take five subjects in the first year.所有学生第一年都要上五门课程。
7.“the+形容词”或“the+可数名词单数”表示一类事物。
The new is sure to replace the old.新事物一定会取代旧事物。
The dog is one of the cleverest animals in the world.狗是世界上最聪明的动物之一。
8.用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Turners were having lunch when I got there.我到那里的时候,特纳一家正在吃午饭。
9.用在next, last, same, only等词前。
—Are you the only child?你是独生子吗?
—No, I have a sister.不是,我有一个姐姐。
10.构成一些固定短语。
around the world世界各地
do the dishes清洗餐具
go to the movies看电影
take the subway乘地铁
in the countryside在乡下;在农村
in the face of面对(问题、困难等)
at the top of...在……顶部或顶端
in the end最后
all the time一直;反复
at the beginning of...在……开始
at the same time同时;一起
by the time...在……以前
by the end of在(某时间点)以前
the day before yesterday前天
the day after tomorrow后天
get in the way of...挡……的路;妨碍
on the one hand... on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……
the more... the more...越……越……;愈……愈……
【命题专家点拨】
定冠词的基本用法
定冠词用法有规律,防止遗忘很容易。
特指双方都熟悉,上文已经被提及。
世上无二仅独一,序数词和最高级。
山河海岛建筑物,姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类,方位名词须牢记。
普构专有惯用词,试用此诀有效率。
INCLUDEPICTURE"图标-济南真题-跟踪练.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "图标-济南真题-跟踪练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1.(2021·山东济南学考)—How's ________ weather today
—It's sunny. Get up quickly. We're going for a picnic.
A.a B.an C.the D./
INCLUDEPICTURE"图标-全国真题-拓展练.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "图标-全国真题-拓展练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
用适当的冠词填空。
2.(2021·甘肃武威中考改编)Jim started to play ________ violin when he was five.
命题点3 零冠词
1.表示泛指的不可数名词和复数名词前。
We can't live without air.我们离开空气不能活。
I like oranges, but my mother likes apples.我喜欢橙子,但我妈妈喜欢苹果。
2.名词前已有限定词时。
There is no pen in your schoolbag.你书包里没有钢笔。
3.表示节日、季节、月份、日期、星期的名词前。
March 8th is Women's Day.
3月8日是妇女节。
4.表示球类、棋类、游戏、学科、语言、三餐的名词前。
What do you like for breakfast?你早餐想吃什么?
Let's play basketball after school!放学后咱们打篮球吧!
5.by后接交通工具时。
by bike骑自行车
by car开汽车
6.构成一些固定短语。
on time准时
on foot步行
at noon在中午
at first首先;最初
by mistake错误地;无意中
【命题专家点拨】
零冠词
下列情况不用冠,名词之前代词限。
专有名词不可数,球类、学科与三餐。
名词复数表泛指,节日、月份、星期前。
颜色、语种和国名,称呼、习语及头衔。
INCLUDEPICTURE"图标-济南真题-跟踪练.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "图标-济南真题-跟踪练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1.(2018·山东济南学考)My classmate Mike is going to ________ Beijing with his father the day after tomorrow.
A.a B.an C.the D./
INCLUDEPICTURE"图标-全国真题-拓展练.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "图标-全国真题-拓展练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
2.(2021·广西贵港中考)—Where do you usually have ________ lunch, Susan
—At school.
A.a B./ C.an D.the
3.(2021·吉林长春中考)Tom thinks playing ________ basketball is a good way to relax himself.
A.a B an C.the D./
参考答案
【命题点1】
1~4 ABAA 5.a 6.an; a 7.an
【命题点2】
1.C 2.the
【命题点3】
1~3 DBD