2022中考初中英语 二轮 语法专题十一 句子种类及特殊句型 （含答案）

语法专题十一　句子种类及特殊句型
简单句的五种基本句型
句型一：主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
鸟儿飞翔。
句型二：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语
我父亲研究历史。
句型三：主语＋系动词＋表语
这辆自行车是新的。
句型四：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
他的爱好给他带来了乐趣。
句型五：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
我们保持教室干净整洁。
命题点1　疑问句
考法 　一般疑问句
用yes或no来回答的疑问句被称为一般疑问句。
1．形式：Be＋主语(＋现在分词)＋其他？
答语：Yes/No(，主语＋be/be not)．
—Is she from England
—Yes, she is./No, she isn't.
2．形式：情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
答语：Yes/No(，主语＋情态动词/情态动词＋not)．
—Must I finish the report today
—Yes, you must./No, you needn't.
3．形式：助动词(Do/Does/Did/Will)＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
助动词(Have/Has/Had)＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
答语：Yes/No(，主语＋助动词/助动词＋not)．
—Have you been to Tibet
—Yes, I have./No, I haven't.
考法 　特殊疑问句
1．用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句，特殊疑问句不能用yes或no来回答，通常根据实际情况作答。
(1)what
含义及用法：什么，询问物品、职业或身份
What's your mother's job
(2)who
含义及用法：谁，询问人物
Who are the boy and the girl in front of Paul
(3)which
含义及用法：哪一个，询问特定范围内的人或物
Which one do you like better, an apple or a banana
(4)whose
含义及用法：谁的，询问所属
Whose bike is this
(5)when
含义及用法：什么时候，询问时间
When did you go to Shanghai last month
(6)why
含义及用法：为什么，询问原因
Why were you late for the meeting
(7)where
含义及用法：哪里，询问地点或位置
Where do I write the name
(8)how
含义及用法：如何，询问方式
How do I write my homework on the computer
2．how词组引导的特殊疑问句
(1)how much
①含义及用法：多少钱，询问价格
答语：根据实际情况作答
—How much does it cost
—Thirty five yuan.
②含义及用法：多少，询问不可数名词的数量
答语：代词/数词＋单位名词(＋of＋不可数名词)．
—How much milk do you want
—Two cups.
(2)how many
含义及用法：多少，询问可数名词的数量
答语：数词(＋单位名词＋of＋可数名词复数)．
—How many people are there in your family
—Five.
(3)how often
含义及用法：多久一次，询问频率
答语：频度副词/次数＋a(n)/one＋表示时间的名词．
—How often do you go to the gym
—Twice a week.
(4)how long
①含义及用法：多长时间，询问时间长短
答语：For＋时间段．
—How long have you been in China
—For two years.
②含义及用法：多长，询问物体长度
答语：数词＋单位名词．
—How long is the river
—About 300 kilometers.
(5)how soon
含义及用法：多久以后，询问未来的时间
答语：In＋时间段．
—How soon will she come back
—In an hour.
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1．(2019·山东济南学考)—________ is your art teacher
—Mr. Miller. He is my favorite teacher.
A．What B．Where C．How D．Who
2．(2018·山东济南学考)—________ was your school trip
—It was excellent. We went to the Yellow River.
A．Who B．What C．How D．Where
3．(2017·山东济南学考)—Jane, ________ is our School Day
—It's on May 18th.
A．who B．how C．where D．when
4．(2016·山东济南学考)—________ did you visit Taiwan with, Sarah
—My parents. We had a good time there.
A．What B．Who C．Where D．When
5．(2016·山东济南学考)—Laura, how often do your family take a trip
—Hmm, ________．
A．since last week B．twice a month
C．for an hour D．ten days ago
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6．(2021·北京中考)—________shall we meet for the picnic
—At the school gate.
A．How B．When
C．Why D．Where
考法 　选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况作答的问句叫选择疑问句，列出的情况常用or连接，不用yes或no回答， 可用完整的陈述句或其中一个选择项作答， 也可用不定代词all, both, either, neither或none作答。
1．一般疑问句＋or＋选择项？
—Do you like tea or coffee 你喜欢茶还是咖啡？
—I like tea. 我喜欢茶。
2．特殊疑问句＋选择项A＋or＋选择项B
—Which season do you like better, summer or winter 你更喜欢哪个季节，夏天还是冬天？
—Winter. 冬天。
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1．(2018·山东济南学考)—Does your uncle live in England or America
—________. He lives in London.
A．Yes, he does B．In England
C．No, he doesn't D．In America
2．(2017·山东济南学考)—Will you go bike riding with Sam or stay at home
—________. My book report is due in two days.
A．Yes, I will B．No, I won't
C．I'll ride a bike D．I'll stay at home
3．(2016·山东济南学考)—Bill, does your sister have brown hair or red hair
—________. She takes after my mother.
A．Yes, she does B．No, she doesn't
C．Brown hair D．I don't know
考法 　反意疑问句
附加在陈述句后的简单问句叫反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“三同一反”原则(三同：人称＋动词＋时态；一反：前肯后否/前否后肯)。
1．肯定陈述句＋否定疑问句？
Lucy often goes to school on foot, doesn't she？露西常常步行去上学，不是吗？
2．否定陈述句＋肯定疑问句？
Max didn't play basketball yesterday, did he 马克斯昨天没有打篮球，是吗？
3．Let's＋祈使句， shall we
Let's have a rest, shall we？咱们休息一下，好吗？
4．肯定祈使句，will/won't you
Stand up, will/won't you？站起来，好吗？
5．否定祈使句，will you
Don't be late again, will you 不要再迟到了，好吗？
命题点2　倒装句
考生可以掌握倒装句的基本句型，灵活运用到写作中，增加提分点。
1．So＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语．
含义及用法：……也一样。so代替上文提到的内容
—Li Hua passed this English exam. 李华通过了这次英语考试。
—So did I. 我也通过了。
2．So＋主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词．
含义及用法：确实是……。该句式表示的是对前面所说的事实加以肯定，上下句中是相同的人或物
—Lucy dances very well.露西跳舞跳得很好。
—So she does.的确如此。
3．Neither/Nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语．
含义及用法：……也不……。上下句中的主语是不同的两个人或物，他们的行为或状况一样，表示否定的倒装
—He doesn't like English at all.他一点也不喜欢英语。
—Neither does Lily.莉莉也一样。
4．Here/There＋动词＋名词．
用法：完全倒装
There comes the bus.公交车来了。
5．Here/There＋代词＋动词．
用法：部分倒装
Here they come finally.他们终于来了。
6．“Only＋状语或状语从句．”置于句首。
用法：部分倒装
Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种办法，你才可以解决这个问题。
命题点3　感叹句和祈使句
1．感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语/系动词)!
What a kind girl (she is)！多么善良的一个女孩啊！
(2)What＋形容词＋可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语/系动词)!
What beautiful dresses (they are)! 多么漂亮的裙子啊！
(3)What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语/系动词)!
What good news (it is)！多么好的消息啊！
(4)How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语/系动词)!
How fine the weather is! 天气真好啊！
(5)How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)!
How nice a present it is！这是一件多么漂亮的礼物啊！
(6)How＋主语＋谓语！
How time flies！时光飞逝！
2．祈使句
(1)肯定形式
动词原形/Be＋其他．
Open the door, please. 请打开门。
Be happy. 开心点儿。
(2)否定形式
①Don't＋动词原形/be＋其他．
Don't play with fire. 不要玩火。
Don't be late.别迟到。
②Let's＋not＋动词原形＋其他．
Let's not play games here. 我们别在这儿玩游戏。
③No＋名词/动名词！
No photos！禁止拍照！　No parking！禁止停车！
④Never＋动词原形！
Never give up! 永不放弃！
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1．(2021·山东济南学考)—Henry, can you take this box to the classroom
—All right. Oh. ________ heavy box!
A．What a B．What an
C．What D．How
2．(2021·山东济南学考)—________ swim in this river. It's quite deep.
—Thanks for telling me.
A．No B．Not
C．Don't D．Doesn't
3．(2020·山东济南学考)—Let's go to the amusement park after the exams!
—________ good idea!
A．How B．What
C．What an D．What a
4．(2019·山东济南学考)—Look! ________ beautiful flowers!
—And they smell very nice.
A．How B．What
C．What a D．What an
5．(2019·山东济南学考)—Eric, ________ playing that computer game. Why not read a book
—OK, Mom.
A．to stop B．stopping
C．stops D．stop
6．(2018·山东济南学考)—________ the milk, Peter! It's good for your health.
—OK, Mom.
A．Drinks B．Drinking
C．Drink D．To drink
7．(2018·山东济南学考)—My kite is in that tree. Could you get it down
—Oh, ________ tall tree!
A．how B．what
C．what a D．what an
8．(2017·山东济南学考)—Laura, ________ out the rubbish when you leave. And I'll do the dishes.
—OK, Dad.
A．take B．takes
C．took D．to take
9．(2017·山东济南学考)—Steve and his two little brothers made a model plane, and they won first prize.
—________ clever children!
A．How B．What
C．What a D．What an
10．(2016·山东济南学考)—________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes.
—OK, Mom.
A．Getting B．Get
C．To get D．Gets
11．(2016·山东济南学考)—Making paper bottles Wow, ________ great idea!
—Thank you. We may use less plastic in this way.
A．how B．what
C．what an D．what a
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12．(2021·广西百色中考)—________ fast China is developing!
—Yes, we are so lucky to live in such a great country!
A．What B．What a
C．How D．How a
13．(2021·辽宁鞍山中考)—________ useful advice on English learning Mr. Li gave us!
—I agree. I think we have improved our English with his help.
A．What B．What a
C．How D．How a
14．(2021·辽宁大连中考)________ at people when you talk. This is a polite way of communication in China.
A．Look B．Looking
C．To look D．Looked
15．(2021·广西北部湾经济区中考)—________ here, please.
—Sorry, I will move the car away right now.
A．No swimming B．No smoking
C．No eating D．No parking
命题点4　There be句型
“There be＋ sb./sth. ＋地点状语．”表示“某地有某人/某物”。使用该句型时需注意：
1．疑问形式
“There be句型”的疑问形式是把be动词提前到句首。
Are there any students in the reading room 阅览室里有学生吗？
2．否定形式
“There be句型”的否定形式是在be 动词后面加not, not any或no。
There is not/not any/no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。
3．时态
“There be句型”可用于不同的时态，而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。
There is going to be a speech contest next Friday.下周五将举行一场演讲比赛。
There must be something wrong with the machine. 这台机器一定是出问题了。
4．答语
回答“Be＋there＋其他？”问句时，常用“Yes/No，there＋be动词(not)．”。其中，be动词的数和时态与问句保持一致。
—Was there a park in your city 20 years ago？你们城市20年前有公园吗？
—Yes, there was.是的，有。
5．be动词的单复数
be动词的单复数必须和其后紧跟的名词的数保持一致。当be动词后仅有一个单数名词或者一个不可数名词时，be动词用单数；当be动词后仅有一个复数名词时，be动词用复数；当be动词后有两个或两个以上的并列名词时，be动词和邻近名词的数保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
There is some water on the table.桌子上有些水。
There are many small houses in the village.村里有很多小房子。
There is a girl and two boys in the classroom. 教室里有一个女孩和两个男孩。
6．辨析there be与have
“There be句型”强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have表示所属关系，强调某人或某地拥有某物。“There be句型”不能和“have”同时使用。
There is going to have a basketball game this afternoon.(×)
There is going to be a basketball game this afternoon.(√)
命题点5　主谓一致
在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。循其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
1．语法一致原则
(1)在一般的句子中，句子的谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
These books are intended for children under nine years old.这些书是专门为九岁以下儿童设计的。
(2)当主语后面有with, like, except, but, as well as等加名词或代词时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
My license with my credit cards was lost.我的驾照和信用卡丢了。
(3)“one of＋名词复数”和“the number of ＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One of the books is boring. 这些书里有一本很无聊。
(4)当一些不定代词(如somebody, anything, no one, everybody, either, neither, each等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。none作主语时，谓语动词单复数均可。
Somebody is asking to see you.有人找你。
None of them has/have seen the movie.他们中没有一个人看过这部电影。
2．意义一致原则
(1)某些集体名词，如family, class, group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如果侧重其中的成员，谓语动词用复数。
Our family is in Hefei. 我们家在合肥。
Our family all like playing soccer.我们家(的人)都喜欢踢足球。
(2)连词and连接的并列主语表示不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数；表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。
The dancer and singer is my mother.这位舞蹈家兼歌唱家是我妈妈。(1个人2个身份)
The dancer and the singer are talking happily.这位舞蹈家和这位歌唱家聊得很开心。(2个人，各自有1个身份)
(3)动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
To get up early is necessary.早起是必要的。
3．就近原则
就近原则指谓语动词的形式不与主语的单复数一致，而和靠近它的名词的单复数一致。
(1)由either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but(also)．.., not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和距离其较近的主语在数上保持一致。
Either Jimmy or I am going to give a speech. 要么吉米要么我将做一个演讲。
Not only Lily but (also) her parents enjoy skating.
不仅莉莉喜欢滑冰而且她的父母也都喜欢滑冰。
(2)在“There be...”和“Here be...”这两个句型中，be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a book and two notebooks for you. 这里有给你的一本书和两个笔记本。
There is a banana and some apples in my bag.我的书包里有一根香蕉和几个苹果。
参考答案
【命题点1】
考法2　1～6 DCDBBD
考法3　1～3 BDC
【命题点3】
1～5 ACDBD　6～10 CCABB　11～15 DCAAD