2022中考初中英语 二轮 语法专题五 介词和介词短语 讲练（含答案）

语法专题五　介词和介词短语
命题点1　方位介词)
1．across, through, over和past
单词 含义及用法
across 意为“横过；穿过”，着重指从一边到另一边，指从表面通过
through 意为“穿过；通过；经过”，指从空间内部通过
over 意为“横过；越过”，指从上方经过、跨越
past 意为“经过”，指从旁边经过
Can you swim across the river？你能游到河的对岸吗？
After you go through the gate, you'll see a beautiful garden. 穿过门之后，你将看到一个美丽的花园。
We must go over the mountain. 我们必须越过那座山。
I often go past the shop after school. 我经常在放学后经过这个商店。
2．between, among
表示在两者之间用between；在三者或三者以上之间用among。
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3．in front of和in the front of
短语 含义及用法
in front of 在……的前面(范围外)
in the front of 在……的前部(范围内)
There is a tree in front of the classroom.教室(外)的前面有一棵树。
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室(内)的前面有一块黑板。
4．above, over, below和under
单词 含义及用法
above 表示“在……的上方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直
over 指“在……(垂直的)正上方”，与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触，同under相对
表示“(覆盖)在……上”，有遮蔽之意
below 表示“在……的下方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直
under 表示“在……正下方”，两者不接触
The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
He spreads the table cloth over the table.他把桌布铺在了桌上。
The coat reaches below the knees. 那件大衣盖过膝盖。
My cat is lying under the chair. 我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
5．on, in, at和to
单词 含义及用法
on 在……表面(接触物体表面)
在广阔的平面上
表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻
in 表示一个范围或大地方(国家、城市、乡镇、水域等)
at 用于较小的地方(如建筑物、公共机关、机场、街道等)前
to 表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔
There is a book on the desk. 书桌上有一本书。
There are some birds on the lake.湖面上有一些小鸟。
Canada is on the north of America.加拿大位于美国北部。
My parents live in the city.我父母住在城市里。
She works at the post office. 她在邮局工作。
Haikou lies to the south of Guangzhou.海口位于广州南部。
6．其他常见方位介词
单词/短语 含义
by 在……旁边；靠近
behind 在……之后
beside 在……旁边
along 顺着、沿着……
near 在……附近
next to 紧靠……；紧挨着……
Jane stood by the window, looking at the kids playing outside.简站在窗户旁边，看着外面玩耍的孩子们。
There is a football behind the table.桌子后面有个足球。
The hotel is beside the river.那家旅馆在河边。
My parents often walk along the street after supper.我父母经常在晚饭后沿着街散步。
My home is near the school. 我家在学校附近。
The supermarket is next to the post office. 超市紧挨着邮局。
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1．(2019·山东济南学考)—Hello. Is Gina there
—Sorry, she's not ________ home.
A．to B．at C．on D．of
2．(2016·山东济南学考)I often go to the bookstore ________ Quancheng Road although it's crowded.
A．on B．for
C．from D．between
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3．(2021·湖北十堰中考)—Where's the People's Park
—Go along Gongyuan Road, turn right at the second crossing and it's ________ your left.
A．on B．to C．at D．in
4．(2021·天津中考)Anna is taller than me. She sits ________ me in the classroom.
A．between B．from
C．behind D．among
命题点2　时间介词
1．in, on, at
单词 用法 常见搭配
in 用在年、月、季节、世纪和表示泛指的上午、下午、晚上前 in 2011; in Januaryin summerin the twentieth centuryin the morning/afternoon/evening　
“in＋时间段”通常用在一般将来时中，表示“(将来)……(时间)以后” in two days
用在某些表示时间的固定短语中 in the future; in the endin a minute
on 表示具体某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上 on Mondayon March 12thon Sunday afternoonon a cold morning
at 表示具体时间点 at seven o'clock (7：00)at half past five (5：30)
用在固定短语中 at noon; at nightat presentat the beginning (of)at the age of; at Christmas
【命题专家点拨】
in, on, at用法
年月周前要用in，具体日子要用on。
at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连。
黎明终止和开端，at与之紧相伴。
今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，
at, in, on都不填，此乃习惯记心间。
2．during, in
during和in都表示一段时间。 但during更加强调时间的延续性，可以表示在一段时间内自始至终的状态。
3．for, since
for和since表示的时间状语都有延续之意，“for＋时间段”表示“延续多久”，作时间状语时，句子可用过去时、完成时或将来时；since后接表示时间点的单词、短语或句子，意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，说明自过去某时延续至今的一段时间，常与完成时连用。
My mother allowed me to play for two hours, as I was studying since morning.我妈妈允许我玩两个小时，因为我从早上起就在学习。
4．in, after
in和after后都可以接时间段，表示“……(时间)之后”，in用于将来时，after用于过去时。
5．by, before
by表示“截止到……；到……为止”，包括其后的时间；before则表示“在某时之前”，不包括其后的时间。
You should get your homework ready by Friday.你应该最迟于星期五把作业准备好。(包含星期五)
Can you come and meet me before Friday？你能在星期五之前来见我吗？(不包含星期五)
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1．(2020·山东济南学考)—What time do you usually get up on weekends
—I usually get up at 6：30 ________ the morning.
A．for B．at C．on D．in
2．(2018·山东济南学考)—Do we have a soccer game this week
—Yes. It's ________ Friday, June 15th.
A．on B．in C．at D．to
3．(2018·山东济南学考)—I think self driving cars will come into our life________.
—Perhaps.
A．in a few years B．a few years ago
C．for a few years D．after a few years
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用适当的介词填空。
4．(2021·广西百色中考改编)The Communist Party of China was founded ________ July 1st, 1921.
5．(2021·辽宁大连中考改编)I often do volunteer work in the library ________ Sundays.
6．(2021·辽宁铁岭、葫芦岛中考改编)My mother gets up ________ five o'clock every morning to cook breakfast for me.
7．(2021·四川凉山中考改编)The Communist Party of China was set up ________ July, 1921 and we will celebrate her 100th birthday this year.
命题点3　表示方式、手段或工具的介词)
1．交通方式：by, in, on
by＋交通工具的单数形式；on/in＋限定词＋交通工具的单数形式。
I go to school by bike.＝I go to school on my bike.
on foot步行；go to...on foot＝walk to...
2．表示“用”时，可用“with＋工具、手段”“by＋交通工具(单数)”“in＋语言、嗓音”。
My daughter bought some books with the money she had saved.我女儿用她节省的钱买了些书。
He told us something interesting in Japanese.他用日语告诉了我们一些有趣的事情。
As a middle school student, don't write with a pencil.作为一名中学生，不要用铅笔写字。
He always goes to school by bus.他总是坐公共汽车去学校。
命题点4　其他常考介词
1．about
(1)“关于；对于”。
The American girl wants to learn about Chinese history.那个美国女孩想要学习中国历史。
(2)“大约；大概”。
There are about six books in my schoolbag.我的书包里大约有六本书。
2．against
(1)“反对；违背”，其反义词为for。
No shouting, please! It's against the rules.请不要大喊！这违反规定了。
(2)“对抗；(在比赛或战斗中)对(某人或某事物)”。
I am in our school team and we are going to play against another school next week.我在我们校队里，我们下周将与另一个学校进行比赛。
(3)“紧靠；倚；碰；撞”。
Put the piano there, against the wall.把钢琴放在那儿，靠着墙。
3．as
(1)“作为；以……身份”。
He came to China as a tourist five years ago.他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。
English is used as a foreign language in our country.
英语作为一门外语在我国被使用。
(2)“像；如同；跟……一样”。
She describes herself as a reporter. 她把自己描述得如同一位记者。
4．except, except for, but, besides
(1)except表示“除……之外(不再有)”，强调不被包括在内。
The office is open every day except Sundays.办事处除了星期天以外天天开门。
(2)except for“除……之外”，表示整体情况良好，局部出现问题。
The article is good except for some spelling mistakes.
除了一些拼写错误，这篇文章整体还是很好的。
(3)but与except同义，表示“除了”，常用于nothing, no one, nobody, all等代词后。
There's no one but me.这里除了我没有别人。
(4)besides“除……之外(还)”。
What languages do you know besides Chinese and English？除了汉语和英语以外你还懂什么语言？
5．for
(1)“支持”，与against相反，常与系动词be连用。
We are for the idea.我们支持这个主意。
(2)“给；对；替”。
There is a letter for you. 有你一封信。
(3)与一日三餐名词搭配使用时，表示各餐所吃的食物。
We often eat rice for lunch.我们午饭经常吃米饭。
6．like
(1)“相似；类似；像”。
He's very like his father.他很像他的父亲。
(2)“例如；譬如”。
He enjoys all kinds of sports, like surfing and going skating.他享受所有种类的运动，如冲浪和滑冰。
(3)“像……一样”。
Let me talk to you like a teacher.让我像一位老师一样和你说话。
7．of
(1)“属于(某人)，关于(某人)”，表示所属关系。Can't you throw out that old bike of Tommy's？你不能把汤米那辆旧自行车给扔掉吗？
(2)用于表示计量、时间或年龄。
I need to buy 2 kilos of potatoes.我需要买两千克马铃薯。
8．with
(1)“拥有，带有；和……一起”。
Mr. Green has a big house with a garden.格林先生有一所带花园的房子。
(2)“随着；由于”，表伴随。
With the development of society, people pay more attention to their health. 随着社会的发展，人们更加关注健康。
9．without
“没有；缺乏”，表示否定。
It is a bad habit to go to school without breakfast.不吃早餐去上学是一个坏习惯。
10．around
“四处；在……周围”。
She is having a walk with her dog around our neighborhood.她和她的狗正在我们小区周围散步。
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1．(2021·山东济南学考)—Peter, you can't read in bed. It's not good ________ your eyes.
—OK, Dad.
A．in B．by C．on D．for
2．(2017·山东济南学考)—What do you usually eat ________ breakfast
—I usually eat noodles.
A．for B．in C．from D．on
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3．(2021·内蒙古呼和浩特中考)—What's the most exciting holiday you've ever been ________？
—For me, it was a trip to Iceland with my family to see the Northern Lights.
A．in B．on C．to D．from
4．(2021·云南昆明中考)Since 1921, the Communist Party of China(中国共产党) has been leading the Chinese people ________ a better life.
A．of B．on C．at D．to
5．(2021·安徽中考)Our country has made great progress in the fight ________ blue skies and clear waters.
A．in B．for
C．against D．between
6．(2021·湖北襄阳中考)—I'm proud of our China's Tiangong Station plan.
—Me, too. We have taken another step ________ our space dream.
A．behind B．towards C．across D．besides
7．(2021·辽宁丹东中考)In summer evenings, many people enjoy taking walks ________ the river.
A．on B．along C．in D．over
命题点5　介词短语
介词往往同其他词类构成固定搭配关系，记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用一些常用的介词短语。以下列举常见介词的固定搭配：
1．at短语
at birth出生时 at dinner/supper 晚餐时
at first起初 at hand 近在手边；在近处
at last最后；终于 at least至少；起码
at once立刻；马上 at present 现在；目前
at times有时 at the moment此刻；目前
2．on短语
on business出差 on duty 值日；值班
on fire着火；失火 on foot 步行；徒步
on holiday在度假；在休假 on purpose故意地
on sale廉价出售；减价 on show展览；陈列
on time准时
on one's own 独立地；独自
on the way (to)在去……的路上
3．in短语
in danger 处在危险中 in the end最后
in the way妨碍；挡道 in all总共；总计
in case以防；以防万一 in common共有；共同
in doubt怀疑；不肯定 in fact事实上
in fear害怕
in general通常；大体上；一般而言
in need在危难中；急需
in (good) order 整齐；有条理
in peace平静地；和平 in person亲身；亲自
in pieces破碎 in silence安静地；沉默地
4．of 短语
instead of代替；而不是 because of由于
out of breath气喘吁吁 out of control不受控制
out of danger脱离危险
5．by短语
by accident/chance偶然；意外地
by hand 用手；靠手做
by mistake错误地；无意中
by plane坐飞机
by the time到……的时候
by the way顺便说一下；顺便问一下
6．to短语
as to关于；至于 　according to 根据
next to在……的旁边；紧挨着 　thanks to 多亏；由于
7．其他类
as a result结果 for example例如
such as例如 together with和……一起
参考答案
【命题点1】
1～4 BAAC
【命题点2】
1～3 DAA　4.on　5.on　6.at　7.in
【命题点4】
1～5 DABDB　6～7 BB