Grammar—the Subjunctive Mood(2)
教学内容分析
This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar：the subjunctive mood(2)．From Unit 1 we have already known that in the English language，verbs are often divided into three different moods—the indicative mood，the imperative mood and the subjunctive mood.We have learned two kinds of subjunctive mood in Unit 1：one is found after the word “wish”，the other is found in a clause beginning with the word “if” talking about the imagined consequence of a situation at present that is impossible to happen.In this period we will continue to focus on another kind of subjunctive mood，that is，the subjunctive mood beginning with the word “if”，talking about the imagined consequence of a situation in the past that did not happen or in the future that is not likely to happen.
三维目标设计
Knowledge and skills
1．To get the students to know the structure of the subjunctive mood.
2．To let the students learn the usages of the subjunctive mood.
3．To enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly and properly.
Process and methods
1．To ask the students to read the reading passage again，pick out the sentences with the subjunctive mood and translate them into Chinese.
2．To ask the students to discover the structure and usages of the subjunctive mood by comparing a lot of example sentences.
3．To ask the students to do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 13 to master the subjunctive mood.
4．To ask the students to summarize the usages of the subjunctive mood.
5．To ask the students to do the exercises in Using Structures on Pages 50－51 and some other additional exercises for consolidation.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To get the students to become interested in grammar learning.
2．To develop the students' ability of comparing and summarizing.
教学重、难点
1．To get the students to master the structure and usages of the subjunctive mood.
2．To enable the students to learn how to use the subjunctive mood correctly.
?Step 1 Revision
1．Check the homework exercises.
2．Dictate some new words and expressions.
3．Translate the following sentences into English：
(1)我们的时间快用完了。
(2)他编造了滑稽的顺口溜引逗我们发笑。
Suggested answers：
(1)We are running out of our time.
(2)He made up funny rhymes to make us laugh.
?Step 2 Warming up
Ask the students to go back to Page 10 and study one of the list poems，Poem C Our First Football Match and translate it into Chinese，paying special attention to its verb forms：
We would_have_won ...
if Jack had_scored that goal，
if we'd_had just a few more minutes，
if we had_trained harder，
if Ben had_passed the ball to Joe，
if we'd_had thousands of fans screaming，
if I hadn't_taken my eye off the ball，
if we hadn't_stayed_up so late the night before，
if we_hadn't_taken it easy，
if we hadn't_run out of energy.
We would_have_won ...
if we'd_been better!
Tell the students that the above sentences are with the subjunctive mood and then discuss it with them.Then ask the students to think about the question “What is the subjunctive mood？”
?Step 3 Grammar learning
Ask the students to study the following sentences and try to summarize the structure and usages of the subjunctive mood.
1．The subjunctive mood in the past tense：
(1)I could have done better if I had been more careful.
我要是细心一点，是可以做得更好的。
(The fact is that I was not more careful and I didn't do better.)
(2)I could have shown you around the city if I had known you were in Beijing.
我要是早知道你在北京，我就会带你到处去转转。
(The fact is that I didn't know you were in Beijing and I didn't show you around the city.)
(3)If I had been in the mood，I would have gone to the movies.
如果我有心情的话，我就会去看电影了。
(The fact is that I was not in the mood and I didn't go to the movies.)
2．The subjunctive mood in the future tense：
(1)从句谓语用过去式：
If your father knew this，he would be angry.
要是你父亲知道了，他会生气的。
If it rained tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off.
要是明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。
(2)从句谓语用should＋动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情，一般译为“万一”)：
If it should rain，the crops would be saved.
要是有雨，这庄稼还有救。
此类句型的主句谓语有时可以用祈使句甚至将来时态：
If it should rain tomorrow，don't expect me.
万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。
If I should be free tomorrow，I will come.
万一我明天有空，我就来。
(3)从句谓语用were to＋动词原形(通常指可能性极小或近乎不可能，有时指出乎意料)：
If the sun were to rise in the west，my love for you would not change.
即使太阳从西边升起，我对你的爱也不会变。
?Step 4 Summing up
Try to help the students draw the following conclusions：
1．The subjunctive mood is usually used to talk about situations that are not true or not likely to be true.The situation referred to in the subjunctive mood is not real，but it is hypothetical.
2．The subjunctive mood is often found in a clause beginning with the word “if”．The past perfect tense(had done/been)is often used in the “if” clause and “would＋have done/been” is often used in the main clause expressing the situation contrary to the past.
3．In expressing the situation contrary to the future，“were/did/should＋v./were to＋v.” is often used in the “if” clause and “would＋v.” is often used in the main clause expressing the situation contrary to the future.
?Step 5 Grammar practice
Ask students to do the following exercises：
1．Change the following sentences into the subjunctive mood.Put the verbs into the correct forms.
(1)She was busy，so she didn't come.
(2)We didn't know your telephone number，so we didn't call you.
(3)Everybody who ate the fish got sick.I didn't eat any fish.
Suggested answers：
(1)If she hadn't been busy，she would have come.
(2)If we had known your telephone number，we might have called you.
(3)If I had eaten the fish，I would have gotten sick too.
2．Do Exercise 3 in Discovering useful structures on Page 13.
3．Do the exercises in Using Structures on Pages 50－51.
First ask students to do the exercises individually，and then let them discuss and check their answers with their partners，and finally give them the correct answers and deal with any problems they might meet.
?Step 6 Getting more about the grammar
Ask students to go back to Page 10 and read through the reading passage A Few Simple Forms of English Poems to pick out the sentences with the subjunctive mood and then translate them into Chinese.
Suggested answers：
We would_have_won... 我们本来会夺冠……
if Jack had_scored that goal, 如果杰克踢进了那个球，
if we'd_had just a few more minutes, 如果我们还有几分钟，
if we had_trained harder, 如果我们训练得更严格，
if Ben had_passed the ball to Joe, 如果本把球传给了乔，
if we'd_had thousands of fans screaming, 如果有大批球迷助威，
if I hadn't_taken my eye off the ball, 如果我死死盯住球，
if we hadn't_stayed_up so late the night before, 如果我们头晚不熬夜，
if we_hadn't_taken it easy, 如果我们没有放松警惕，
if we hadn't_run out of energy. 如果我们没有精疲力竭，
We would_have_won... 我们本来会夺冠……
if we'd_been better! 如果我们能干得更好！
?Step 7 Summing up
Try to help the students draw the following conclusions.
1．When the subjunctive mood is found in a clause beginning with the word “if”，“had been＋past participles” is used in the “if” clause，while “would/could have＋past participles” is used in the main clause so as to express the situation contrary to the past.
2．In sentences with the subjunctive mood，sometimes a prepositional phrase beginning with “without(＝if not)” is used to take the place of the “if” clause to express implied condition.
?Step 8 Playing a game
1．Get students to form groups of 6.
2．Let students play the game “We would have won the championship if we...”
Ask the students to take turns to imagine what they would have done to win the championship.Make their own sentences as interesting and imaginative as they can.Write down the six best ones and share them with the class.
3．Read the following composition and try to find out as many sentences with the subjunctive mood as possible.
Unexpected Guests
Linda had a very difficult situation at her house a few days ago.Her relatives from Hong Kong arrived unexpectedly，without any advance notice at all，and they wanted to stay for the weekend.They didn't even knock at the door.They just walked right in.
Needless to say，Linda was very upset.If she had known that her relatives from H．K.were going to arrive and want to stay for the weekend，she would have been prepared for their visit.She would have bought a lot of food.She would have cleaned the house.She would have made plans to go sightseeing.She would have cooked a special dinner.She would have planned everything perfectly.And she certainly wouldn't have invited all her daughter's friends from nursery school to come over and play.
Poor Linda! She really wishes her relatives had called in advance to say they were coming.The weekend was really a disaster!
Suggested answers：
Unexpected Guests
Linda had a very difficult situation at her house a few days ago.Her relatives from Hong Kong arrived unexpectedly，without any advance notice at all，and they wanted to stay for the weekend.They didn't even knock at the door.They just walked right in.
Needless to say，Linda was very upset.If she had_known that her relatives from H．K.were going to arrive and want to stay for the weekend，she would_have_been_prepared for their visit.She would_have_bought a lot of food.She would_have_cleaned the house.She would_have_made plans to go sightseeing.She would_have_cooked a special dinner.She would_have_planned everything perfectly.And she certainly wouldn't_have_invited all her daughter's friends from nursery school to come over and play.
Poor Linda! She really wishes her relatives had_called in advance to say they were coming.The weekend was really a disaster!
?Step 9 Closing down by a quiz
Show students the following on the screen or give out test papers to them.
1．You are late.If you ______ a few minutes earlier，you ______ him.
A．come；would meet B．had come；would have met
C．come；will meet D．had come；would meet
2．Let's say you could go there again，how ______ feel
A．will you B．should you
C．would you D．do you
3．If you had told me in advance，I ______ him at the airport.
A．would meet B．will meet
C．would have met D．will have met
4．I would have told him the answer had it been possible，but I ______ so busy then.
A．had been B．were
C．was D．would be
5．If it ______ another ten minutes，the game would have been called off.
A．had rained B．would have rained
C．have seen D．rained
6．—Why didn't you buy a new car
—I would have bought one if I ______ enough money.
A．had B．have had
C．would have D．had had
7．He was very busy yesterday；otherwise，he ______ to the meeting.
A．would come B．came
C．would have come D．will come
8．______ any change about the date，please tell me immediately.
A．Will there be B．Should there be
C．There will be D．There should be
9．A few minutes earlier and we ______ the train.
A．have caught B．had caught
C．could have caught D．were to catch
10．If the Watergate Incident ______，Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.
A．did not occur B．had not occurred
C．was not occurring D．be circling
11．If I had seen the movie，I ______ you all about it now.
A．would tell B．will tell
C．have told D．would have told
Suggested answers：
1～5 BCCCA 6～10 DCBCB 11.A
?Step 10 Homework
1．Finish off the Workbook exercises.
2．Preview listening and speaking.
?Step 11 Reflection after teaching
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PAGE
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人教版 选修六
Unit 2 Poems
Period 3 Grammar
虚拟语气（二）
本节课我们巩固复习虚拟语气，主要复习if条件从句和wish宾语从句中表示过去情况的虚拟语气的用法，以及虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用。
【观察体会】
请看下图及对话，体会表示过去的虚拟语气的用法。
A: Why didn’t Peter take his umbrella
to work today
B: He didn’t know it was going to rain.
If he had known it was going to rain,
he would have taken his umbrella to
work.
A: I wonder why John ran by without
saying hello.
B: He must have been in a hurry.
A: You’re probably right. If he hadn’t
been in a hurry, he wouldn’t have
run by without saying hello.
I didn’t know how to get around the city when I moved here. I was so confused.
A: You know, I wish I had known how to
get around the city when I moved here.
B: Oh, really Why
A: If I had known how to get around the
city when I moved here, I wouldn’t
have been so confused.
B: I know what you mean.
表示过去
if
条件从句 条件从句的谓语 had + 过去分词
主句的谓语 should / would / could / might + have +过去分词
wish宾语从句中的谓语 had + 过去分词
【归纳总结】
虚拟语气特殊句型
1. wish 的宾语从句
现在: 过去时（were）
过去: 过去完成时
将来: would/could/might +
v. should
下面我们再来看看其他形式的虚拟语气的用法。
1. I wish I were a bird. (现在)
2. I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (过去)
3. We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. (将来)
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2) wish to do 表达法 wish sb. / sth. to do
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed
at once. = I want the manager to be informed
at once.
2. would rather that
现在:
过去:
将来:
e.g. I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too.
Don’t come. I would rather you
came tomorrow.
过去时
过去时
过去完成时
3. as if /though + clause
现在：
过去：
过去时
过去完成时
在as if / as though后的从句中，常用一般过去时或“would / could / should / might + 动词原形”来表示与现在或将来的事实相反或不太可能实现的事情。
They talked as if they had been
friends for years.
He looks as if he were drunk.
e.g. She loves the baby as if it were
her own son.
I remember the whole thing as if
it had happened yesterday.
4. It’s (about/high) time + that
过去时
should + v.
你该走了。
It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were
going.
It’s high time that you should
go.
我们该去睡觉了。
It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed.
5. without和but for 构成虚拟。
but for要不是
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Without your help, I would have failed.
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
6. If only … 要是就好了
e.g. If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again!
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了!
If only our parents could live with us!
要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only I hadn’t missed the train!
7. 在主语、表语、同位语从句中，虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”或动词原形来表示。这样的句型有：It is strange / natural / important / no wonder / impossible / necessary / a pity / ... that ...；My advice / suggestion / requirement / ... is that ... 等。
It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.
It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we should study hard.
8. 某些简单句的固定句型:
Heaven help him!
God bless you!
May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
9. need “不必做”和“本不该做”
didn’t need to do 表示: 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn’t have done 表示: 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
e.g. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn’t need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家, 没有遇上John的车。)
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn’t have walked back home.
There was plenty of time. She ____. A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
典型例题
答案 D。needn’t have done. 意为“本不必”, 即已经做了某事, 而实际上不必要。
mustn’t have done用法不正确, 对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn’t have done, “不可能已经”。 must not do不可以 (用于一般现在时)
根据语境，用虚拟语气完成下列对话。
A: Why didn’t you go to the movies
with your friends last night
B: I wasn’t in the mood to see a film.
If ____________________________
______________________________
______________________________
I had been in the mood to see a film, I would have gone to the movies with my friends last night.
2. A: Why didn’t you do your homework
last night
B: I didn’t bring my book home. If
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
I had brought my book home, I would have done my homework last night.
3. A: I wonder why Mom went to sleep
so early.
B: She must have had a hard day at
the office.
A: You’re probably right. If _______
_____________________________
_____________________________
______________
she hadn’t had a hard day at the office, she wouldn’t have gone to sleep so early.
4. A: I wonder why my barber cut my
hair so quickly today.
B: He must have had a lot of customers
after you.
A: You’re probably right. If _________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_________________
he hadn’t had a lot of customers after me, he wouldn’t have cut my hair so quickly today.
5. I didn’t have my shopping list with me
this morning. I forgot to buy eggs.
A: You know, I wish ________________
_______________________________
B: Oh, really Why
A: If ______________________________
________________________________
____________________
B: I know what you mean.
I had had my shopping list with me this morning, I wouldn’t have forgotten to buy eggs.
I had had my shopping list with me this morning.
6. I wasn’t prepared for my English test.
I got a low grade.
A: You know, I wish _________________
_______________________
B: Oh, really Why
A: If _______________________________
_________________________________
B: I know what you mean.
I had been prepared for my English test, I wouldn’t have got a low grade.
I had been prepared for my English test.
【高考链接】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以
填入空白处的最佳选项。
We _____ John’s name on the race list
yesterday but for his recent injury.
A. will put B. will have put
C. would put D. would have put
2. Maybe if I _____ science, and not
literature then, I would be able to give
you more help.
A. studied B. would study
C. had studied D. was studying
3. George is going to talk about the
geography of his country, but I’d
rather he _____ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused
C. would focus D. had focused
4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as
if it _____ yesterday.
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
5. — Don’t you think it necessary that he
_____ to Miami but to New York
— I agree, but the problem is _____ he
has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; whatGrammar—the Subjunctive Mood(2)
一 学习目标
Master the spacial rules of subjective mood.
二 学习重点
Master the special rules of subjective mood.
三 学习过程
Part 1 合作探究
一．在下列动词后面接的宾语从句：建议suggest, advice, propose, recommend ，要求demand, request, require, insist, 命令order, command等。动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
1)The king ordered that the prisoners _______ (be) killed the next day.
2)They requested that we _______ (send) them to work there
insist 表示坚持别人时用虚拟形式，即 should + do;表示坚持自己时，用陈述语气，表示事实。
suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气
The teacher suggested that we ____________(clean) the blackboard after class.
The smile on his face suggested that he _______ (be) happy for passing the exam.
He insisted that all of us ______________ (be) there on time by any means.
He insisted that he _______ (be) right.
二．虚拟语气在主语从句中
在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
It’s necessary that___________ (have) a walk now.
It is important that we ____________ (master) foreign language.
It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we ____________ (study) hard.
It’s important that we ____________ (take) good care of the patient.
三．虚拟语气在同位语/表语从句中
表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，其后的表语/同位语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.
1.My suggestion that we ______________ (have) a meeting has been accepted by others.
2.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting ____________ (be) put off.
3.Do you know the order that you _____________ (keep) silent
4.The government’s requirement is that common citizens ____________ (take) part in protecting the environment.
四。虚拟语气在 as if 从句中
在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).
1)as if /as though连接表语从句
1.He talks as if he ________( know)where she _______ (be).
2.He looked as if he _______________( not sleep) for two days.
2) as if / as though连接状语从 句
1.She looked after the boy as if he _______ (be) her own son.
2.He speaks to us as if he _____________ (be) there.
五．虚拟语气的其他用法
1)if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
If only I ____________ (arrive) in time.
2)It’s (high/right) time that…
that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do
It’s time that you ________ (go) to school .
3) 在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中
当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。
I would rather he ________ (come) tomorrow than today.
I would rather he ____________ (not tell) me about that.
4) 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件, 这时主句要用虚拟语气
Eg.Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress
Part 2 课堂检测
1. We demanded that we ____ of any change in the plan.
A. informed B. would be informed
C. be informed D. had been informed
2. It’s necessary that he ____ a recognized qualification.
A. has B. have C. had D. having
3. It's high time we ___ our attention to this problem.
A. turned B. turn
C. had turned D. would turn
4. You ___ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.
A. shouldn't have washed B. mustn't have washed
C. can not have washed D. needn't have washed
5. If only you ___ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.
A. didn't told B. hadn't told
C. would not tell D. would have not told
6. He must have had an accident, or he _____ here then.
A. would have been B. had been
C. should have been D. could be
7. ___ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.
A. Were they to B. Could they
C. If they D. Would they
PAGE
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人教版 选修六
Unit 2 Poems
Period 3 Grammar
Step1 Leading in the grammar
听歌填词
If I Were A Boy
Beyoncé
If I ______a boy ，I ________________my phone
Tell everyone that its broken
so they think that I was sleeping alone
I’d put myself first
and make the rules as I go
cause I know that she’ll be faithful
·
·
·
were
would turn off
一. 语气的分类
陈述语气
祈使语气
虚拟语气
Step2. Approaching and presenting the grammar
1、陈述语气 ：陈述语气用于陈述句中： eg. The sun is larger than the earth 太阳比地球大
2、祈使语气：表示恳求、建议或邀请
eg. Speak more slowly! 讲慢点
3、虚拟语气：是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实，或是与事实相反的假设。
eg. If I were a boy，I would turn off my phone
一、虚拟语气在“if”非真实条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类:
1.真实条件句:
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
2.非真实条件句:
非真实条件句用虚拟语气, 假设的情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很小, 其中if 是“要是、如果”的意思。即:“要是……就好了”; “如果…, …就会…”
1.真实条件句
If he comes, he will /shall bring his football.
条件从句， 主句
(一般现在时) ( shall/will + V原形)
‘if ’虚拟条件句的结构
1. 表示与过去事实相反 的假设
2. 表示与现在事实相反 的假设
3. 表示与将来事实相反 的假设
If Tom hadn't slept , he wouldn't have missed the plane.
If you had come earlier , you would have met him.
观察分析
①与过去事实相反
虚拟条件句 主 句
had+过去分词
（过去完成时）
should/would/could/might
+have + 过去分词
归纳总结
If the farmer_____________the snake , he ________________ it in the arms.If he _______________ it in the arms , the snake_________________ him.If the snake_____________him ,
he __________________.
wouldn’t have put
如果农民没有看见蛇，
他就不会把蛇放进怀里。
如果农民没把它放进怀里，蛇就不会咬它，如果蛇不咬农夫，农民就不会死。
wouldn’t have bitten
hadn’t put
hadn’t bitten
wouldn’t have died
hadn’t seen
1.If he (not be) ill ，Xiao Jiang would have done something to help us．
had not been
2. If I had had enough time, I my work. A. would finish B. must have finished
C. would have finished D. had finished
小试牛刀
If I were a boy，I would turn off my phone
If I had a mobile phone, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with my dad
②与现在事实相反
虚拟条件句 主 句
动词的过去式
Be的过去式用were
should/would/could/might+V原
观察分析
归纳总结
I am not tired. If I were tired，I_______________(have) a rest.
If there (not be) electricity， there (be) no modern industry.
3. If someone (call) you a fool, what would you say or do ？
would have
were not
would be
called
小试牛刀
例一：
A:If you had a lot of money, what would/might... you do now
B:If I had a lot of money now, I would .....
例二：
A:If a fire broke out now, what should/could.. you do
B:If a fire broke out now, I should ...
......
If +主 +过去式（be动词的过去式用were）..,
主+ would/could /should/ might +动词原形
Discuss with your deskmate and make a short dialogue.
1.If you came tomorrow, we would hold a party.
finishing line together.
2.If you should fail the test again , what would you do？
3.If it were to rain tomorrow , we wouldn't go out .
观察分析
③与将来事实可能相反或假设
If 虚拟条件句 主 句
过去式
should+v.原
were to +v.原
should/would/could/might+V.原
归纳总结
表示与将来事实可能相反时，
If 虚拟条件句 主 句
过去时
should+v./
were to +v.
should/would/could/might+V.
问题：xxx, what would you do if you won the lottery(彩票）some day
参考答案一、If I won(were to win/should win) the lottery some day, I would buy a new car for myself.
问题接龙
Step3 Conclusion
条件从句
If 从句的
谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
现在
过去
将来
过去时（were）
过去完成时
would/could/should/might +V（原）
would/could/should/might+have+p.p.
1.过去时
2.should+V.
3. were to do
would/could/should/
might +V.（原）
1. 完成句子
(1) If I _______(have) time, I would go there.
(2) If you had come earlier, you ________________________(miss) the bus.
(3) If it _________________________(rain) tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
had
couldn’t/wouldn't have missed
should rain/were to rain
Step4. Practicing and improving
2. Change the following sentences:
①They are not here, so they can’t help you now.
If they _____ here, they _____ ____ you now.
②He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he ____ _____ yesterday, I _____ _____ _____ him about it.
were
could
help
had
come
would
have
told
3. Lily did not eat anything last night because she felt ill
If Lily ____ ____ well , she _____ _____ _____ something.
_____ Lily _____ well, she _____ ______ ______ something.
had
felt
would
have
eaten
Had
felt
would
have
eaten
What would have happened if you _____ her child
A. couldn’t help B. wouldn’t help
C. hadn’t helped D. didn’t help
2. If you ____ any problem, please don’t hesitate
to ask your teacher.
A. have B. would have
C. are going to have D. will have
3. If I ____ with her last summer, I ____ with her now.
A. worked; am getting on very well
B. had worked; would get on very well
C. had worked; would have got on very wellGrammar—the Subjunctive Mood(2)
学习目标
1学习与过去事实相反和将来事实相反的表达法
二 学习重点
1.掌握与过去事实相反和将来事实相反的主从句的用法
三 学习方法
1.自主完成part1。
2.观察例句总结用法。
Part 1 自主学习
Task 1 .虚拟语气表示说话人的____, _____, _____, 而不表示客观存在的事实。
Task 2 fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1) I wish I _______(live) in BeiJing now.
2) If I _______(be) 7 years younger , I ____________(go) to college again for further education.
3) If Peter ________(come) to our school, he ______(can) go to our art class.
2.Observe the underlined words and sum up the rules.
Part 2 合作探究
一 与现在事实相反
1) If I were a bird , I would fly in the sky.
2) If I had enough money, I might give the poor.
3) If I could paint, I would paint you an abstract painting in the style of Matisse.
以上三个例句表示与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用______ (be通常用_____)，主句谓语用______/_______/________/_______+动词原形”。
【活学活用】
1）If you______(take) a taxi，you______(will) get there quicker.
2) If I _____(know) her number I ______(can) ring her up.
二、与过去事实相反
Observe the underlined words and sum up the rules.
If she had studied harder, she should/would//could/might have got the diploma.
总结：若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句用过去完成式(_____+________)主句谓语用
_______/________/__________/________+have+________。
【活学活用】
1)If I ___________(leave) sooner，I ______________(be) on time.
2)If we __________(find) him earlier,we _________________(save) his life.
3)If you ___________(come) earlier, you ___________________(not miss) the exciting scene in the movie.
三、与将来事实相反
1If it were to/should rain/rained tomorrow, I should/would/could/might not go out
2) If I were a millionaire ten year later,I would/should/could/might travel around the world
若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用________/were to/ ______+动词原形，主句谓语用“_______/______/_______/________+动词原形”。
【活学活用】
1)If he _______(go)，_________you go too
2) If I ________(live) in BeiJing one day，I ________ visit all the places of interest of it.
注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：
一.这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；
二.当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：
If I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就别等我了。Part 3 课堂检测
1) If you _________(come) earlier, you _________________(not miss) the exciting scene in the movie.
2) If Bob ____________(not injure) himself, we _______________(win).
3) I ‘m sorry, I don’t have a compass. Of course I ___________(lend) it to you if I _______ (have) one.
4) Len doesn’t think he will ever win a poetry competition. If , by chance, he
_________( win), he _________( spend) the prize money on a computer.
5) Luckily, Janet is good at writing in English . If she ___________(not write) well , she ___________(spend) more time practicing.
6) If I ______(be) you, I ________________(take it easy) and go home early
7) If there ___________(not be) an exchange programme, he ____________
（not find）a sponsor to help him study abroad.
.
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3(共26张PPT)
Unit 2 Poems
人教版 选修六
Period 3 Grammar
一、品味语法
1．Had I not seen it with my own eyes，I would not have believed it.
要不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。
2．If you’d listened to me，you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.
如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。
虚拟语气(Ⅱ)
3．Without your help，we could not have succeeded.如果没有你们的帮助，我们就不会成功。
4．He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have attended the party.
他昨天感觉很累，要不然他就参加晚会了。
二、讲解归纳
1．if的省略
如果条件从句中的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，可省略连词if，把were，had，should放在主语前构成倒装。如果条件从句是否定式，倒装时只能把not放在主语之后，不能用缩写式或把not放在主语之前。
Were I you(＝If I were you)，I would do more practice after class.
如果我是你的话，我会在课下多做练习。
Had you arrived(＝If you had arrived)at the station ten minutes earlier，you could have caught the train.
如果你早到车站十分钟的话，你就可以赶上火车了。
Should he come(＝If he should come)，tell him to ring me up.如果他来的话，告诉他给我打个电话。
2．含蓄条件句
有时句子表示的虚拟条件并不一定要用if从句来表示，而是通过连词or、otherwise、介词短语或通过上下文和句子的内在逻辑关系来暗示。
We took a taxi to the airport.Otherwise we would have been late.
我们打的去的机场，否则的话我们就可能晚了。
Without music，the world would be a dull place.
没有音乐的话，世界将会变得很无聊。
3．if it be not for … 也是一种条件虚拟语气从句
If it had not been for the help of our teacher，we should not have made so much progress.要是没有老师的帮助，我们就不会取得那么多的进步。
If it had not been for me，you would not be free.
要不是我的话，你就得不到自由了。
4．在有些复合句中，主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句(混合式虚拟语气)
If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.
如果你以前学习努力的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。
If I were you，I wouldn’t have missed the movie last night.如果我是你的话，我不会错过昨天晚上的电影。
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball；otherwise，he ________________(score) a goal.
【答案】would have scored
2．But for the Party，he ________________(die) of hunger 15 years ago.
【答案】would have died
3．I ________________(go) to visit him in the hospital，but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.
【答案】would have gone
4．If I knew her telephone number，I ________________ (give)her a ring now.
【答案】would give
Ⅱ.用虚拟语气改写下列句子
1．We want to buy a computer，but we don’t have enough money.
【答案】If we had enough money，we would buy a computer.
2．John hurt his leg.John didn’t win the race.
【答案】If John hadn’t hurt his leg，he would have won the race.
3．With my brother’s help，I finished my job.(用but for改写)
【答案】But for my brother’s help，I wouldn’t have finished my job.
读写任务(二)
记叙文的概括
一、新课程对概括部分的要求
新课程标准的三个关键词是问题，信息，表达。文章阅读是输入信息，写作的题目是我们要解决的问题，表达就是我们写出来文章。
所谓“概括要点”，是在阅读、理解文章内容之后，经过提炼概括，用简明扼要的语言准确转述文章内容的一种形式。其方法主要有如下几种：
提取法 即提取文中的中心句、主旨句、结论句，将其摘取出来，作为概括性文字。这种方法即适用于那些要求用原文语句答题的题目，又适用于要求对内容、主旨进行概括的题目。
组合法 即组合文中关键性语句或关键性的词语来进行概括。这种方法适用于内容基本清晰，重点语句比较突出而全文的中心句、关键语句等不太突出的文章或文段。
自写法 即基本上用自己的语言或完全用自己的语言进行概括。适用于那些提炼文章中心、概括文章风格、概括作用观点、简述故事情节、给文章加上标题等方面的概括性题目。
二、概括部分的写作要求和步骤
我们知道，概括包括2个部分，主题句和支撑句，前者统摄后者。主题句是关键。
1．概括的形式是“主题句＋支撑句”。
文体 主题句 支撑句
议论文 文章论点(一句) 文章论据(两三句)
记叙文 故事的写作目的主题(一句) 故事大意(两三句)
说明文 说明的对象/观点/现象 解释/分述
2.概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。
标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句是主题句清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题句之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。
概括部分对于输入材料的加工要求高。概要写作包含多个分任务(阅读理解、信息筛选、句子表达等等)，包含几种能力。第一要分析文章，寻找作者的原来意义。第二要筛选信息，学会区分事实和观点，重要和次要，普遍与特殊，相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有英文解释英文的能力(paraphrase)，用自己简单的语言来解释比较复杂语言现象，不能抄袭原文。
总而言之，好的概括具有这么一些特点：主题句统摄，逻辑性强，信息浓度高，意义抽象程度高，等等。读写任务的阅读材料有多种文体，包括记叙文，说明文与议论文。
三、记叙文概括的写作指导
【例1】 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
【阅读材料】
The Best Gift
Della and Jim broke away from their families to get married.Now they lived in a small attic of a cold and old building.They were now digesting the hardship of life.The only joy was their sweet love for each other.
The handsome husband had to burden with a family though he was young.The beautiful wife took care of the shabby house with the few coins she saved.
Christmas was coming.They were thinking of a good gift for each other.Della wore a waterfall of black hair，but her comb was broken.Jim had a gold watch with and old chain，which was passed from his old grandfathers.
The big day finally came.On arriving home，Jim was surprised to find Della’s long hair cut short.But Della was also surprised to find Jim’s gold watch gone.She had sold her hair to buy a gold watch chain for him！He had sold his gold watch to buy an expensive comb for her!
The gifts were now useless.But it fact they got the best gifts.
我们首先分析一下学生的样本，看看存在什么问题，如何改进。
学生样本1
This passage tells us a story about a couple.They sold the most value thing for themselves to buy gifts for each other.Even though the gifts were became useless，they had received the best gifts indeed.
学生样本2
This story tells us that a husband Jim and wife Della love each other.On Christmas，they send best gifts to eachother，but each loses a dear thing.The gifts are useless.
两个样本都表达了一些关键的词语(Della，Jim，love，gift等等)，但是从“主题句统摄支撑句”的要求来看，与记叙文的文体目的配合不够完美。记叙文要讲求故事的“教化”意义，它的背后隐藏着“这个故事教育我们什么”的目的，即是“故事情节＋主题”的深层结构。
我们写概括的时候，主题句最好写“主题”以瞄准故事的深层写作目的，然后支撑句写故事的大意。样本1的主题句没有样2好。样本1比较空洞，读者看不出故事的主题；样本2没有点明礼物，说到了两个人之间的“love”。但是样本1后面的支撑句“Even though the gifts were(became)useless，they(had)received the best gift(s) indeed”说明了故事的情节和目的，又比样本2好。因此，两个样本差不多，可以评3～4分(5分满分)
四、写作练笔
完成对例题1 The Best Gift的概括
主题句——瞄准故事的“主题”
支撑句——写故事的大意，支撑主题句，补充主题句没有说完的
【答案】
主题句——瞄准故事的“主题” The text is about a gift of love between Jim and Della.
支撑句——写故事的大意，支撑主题句，补充主题句没有说完的 Both of them sold what they liked best to buy a gift for the other.The gifts were in fact the true love to each other.
