Unit3 A healthy life Grammar
教案
【Teaching goals 】Enable the Ss to learn the usage of it structure.
【Teaching important points】The usage of it structure.
【Teaching difficult points 】How to rewrite sentences using it structure.
【Teaching procedures & ways】
含 it 的高考句型。
1. It is + 被强调部分（主语或者宾语或者状语） + that /who...
翻译：月考正是在月初到来。It is ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ that the month exam comes.
2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
翻译：直到她摘下了墨镜，我才意识到她是一个电影明星。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses _____ _____ ______ _____ she was a famous film star.
= I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
3. It is clear ( obvious , true, possible, certain…) that …
翻译：很明显，春天到来了． ____ ____ very_______ ______ Spring is coming.
= That Spring is coming is very obvious.
4. It is said (reported, learned…) that …据说---据报道---
翻译：据报道，又有一颗人造卫星已发射到太空
___ ___ _______ ______ another man-made satellite has been put into space.
５1. It is suggested ( ordered , required ... ) that sth. (should ) be done
翻译：建议按时完成作业____ ____ _______ _______ homework ______ _______ ______ on time.
６. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 翻译：这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
____ ____ _______ _______ _______ such a thing has happened in your class.
７. It is time ( about time , high time ) that ... 翻译：孩子们早该睡觉了。
It is time that _______ _______ _______ _______ ________. = It is time that children went to bed.
８. It is the first ( second … ) time that …
这是我第一次来到这里。It is _______ _______ _______ that I _______ _______ _______.
９. It is … since ...
我们来到这所学校已经有两年了。It is ( has been ) 5 years since_______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
10. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 11. It doesn't matter whether... 12. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 13. It seems as if ...20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
【Exercise in class】：
1. The boy became fatter and fatter each day and ＿＿＿made his parents sad.
A. which B. what C. he D. it
2. In fact, ＿＿＿is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
3. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ＿＿＿didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
4. Does＿＿＿matter whether he can finish the job on time
A. his B. that C. he D. it
5. ＿＿＿used to be thought that the earth was square.
A. He B. What C. It D. That
6. I took ＿＿＿for granted that he would believe in us.
A. that B. the thing C. it D. this
7. ＿＿four years since I joined the army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
8. ＿＿on March 12th that they plant trees on the hill.
A. That B. It is C. It D. Th
9. It’s the third time ＿＿＿ arrived late this month.
A. that you B. when you C. that you’ve D. when you’ve
10. She finds ＿＿＿＿＿＿ boring ＿＿＿＿＿＿ at home.
A. it； staying B. that； being stayed C. this； to stay D. it； stayed
11. —— Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard.
—— It’s no ＿＿＿＿＿ that he always gets the first place in any examination.
A. question B. doubt C. problem D. wonder
12. ＿＿＿the people have become the master of their own country＿＿＿science can really serve the people.
A .It is only then； that B. It was that；when
C. It is only when；that D. It was when；then
13. ＿＿＿ is no difference between A and B.
A. There B. Where C It D. What
14. How long ＿＿＿＿＿ to finish your composition
A. will it take you B. will take you C. you will take it D. you will take
15. ＿＿＿ is just like him to want to do something different from everybody else.
A. It B. There C. He D. Who
【Exercise after class】：Finish exercise about it structure in English Weekly
【Reflection after class】
PAGE
3(共37张PPT)
Unit 3 A Healthy Life
Period 3 Grammar
人教版 选修6
1. It is never too old to learn.
活到老, 学到老。
Free Talk
2. It rains cats and dogs.
大雨滂沱
3. It never rains but it pours.
不鸣则已, 一鸣惊人。
4. It is a poor mouse that has only one hole.
1. It is never too old to learn.
2. It rains cats and dogs.
3. It never rains but it pours.
4. It is a poor mouse that has only one hole.
Skills
It is amazing that at my age I am still fit.
2. It is easier to fall than to rise.
3. It is no good crying over spilt milk.
4. I think it best that ou should do more exercise.
5. He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early.
The subject position
It is amazing that at my age I am still fit.
2. It is easier to fall than to rise.
3. It is no good crying over spilt milk.
“It” can be used in the
subject position to stand for
_______, ___________
or _________.
a clause
an infinitive
-ing form
The object position
4. I think it best that you should do more
exercise.
5. He found it difficult to accustom himself
to getting up early.
a clause
an infinitive
It is amazing that at my age I am still fit.
2. It is easier to fall than to rise.
3. It is no good crying over spilt milk.
4. I think it best that you should do more
exercise.
5. He found it difficult to accustom himself
to getting up early.
“It” can be used in the
subject or object position to stand for ________,
___________ or _________.
a clause
an infinitive
-ing form
Summary
It’s difficult to give up smoking.
Is it certain that they will win
It is good learning without practice.
It is fun for him to study.
It’s a pity that our teacher can’t take
part in our party. 6. It is suggested that we (should) arrive
there in 2 hours.
formal subject
It + is + adj./ n./ p.p. + infinite/ clause/
-ing form
real subject
clear, easy, true, difficult, certain, etc.
fun, a pity, a shame, no use / good, etc.
said, believed, decided, hoped, etc.
It’s difficult to give up smoking.
It is fun for him to study. 3. It is suggested that we (should) arrive
there in 2 hours.
formal object
2. … + verb + it + adj./ n. + infinite/
clause/ -ing form
real object
find, think, feel, believe, consider, make, etc.
2. Some young people think they look
attractive when they smoke.
It seems _________________________
_________________________________
Giving up smoking is difficult to do.
It is __________________________
that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.
difficult to give up smoking.
Practice
3. Most people believe smoking causes cancer.
It is believed _________________________
4. Don’t try to quit on a stressful day.
It is no use ___________________________
trying to quit on a stressful day.
that smoking causes cancer.
5. China produces one third of the world’s cigarettes.
It is astonishing _____________________
_______________________________
6. You are not allowed to advertise cigarettes in this country.
It is illegal __________________________________
that China produces one-third of the world’s cigarettes.
to advertise cigarettes in this country.
7. My father has quit smoking at last.
It is wonderful ___________________ ____________________
8. The night was dark and stormy when the old man started his journey.It was a __________________________
_____________________________
dark and stormy night when
the old man started his journey.
that my father has quit smoking at last.
9. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
It is likely _________________________________________________
10. You have to take pills to control your blood pressure.It is necessary _____________________________________________
for you to take pills to control your blood pressure.
that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
8. It was a dark and stormy night when
the old man started his journey.
In this sentence, “it” is used to talk
about time.
“It” can be used in another way
In this sentence, what does “it” refer to
Review
It is a beautiful day.
2. It never rains but it pours.
3. It was time to quite smoking.
4. It is 10 kilometers to the castle.
5. It takes all sorts.
世上的人形形色色，无奇不有。
“It” can be used to talk about ________, _____, ________, etc.
It is a beautiful day.
2. It never rains but it pours.
3. It was time to quite smoking.
4. It is 10 kilometers to the castle.
5. It takes all sorts.
weather
time
distance
Impersonal “it” can also be used to
talk about ____, ______, ____________,
_____________, etc.
circumstance
1. It is Friday today.
2. It lies in the south of Shaoguan city.
3. It is 40℃! You got a high fever!
4. It’s quiet here.
date
place
temperature
1. It was very cold yesterday.
2. It is about 8:30 now.
3. It is about 5km from my home to the park.
4. It’s quite noisy here.
5. I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.
circumstance
weather
time
distance
weather
One of you is an eyewitness (E) who has seen a robbery or an accident. The other is the policeman/policewoman (P) who wants as much information as possible. Use “it” in the answers.
Role Play
P: What was the weather like on the day of
the accident
E: It was beginning to rain hard and the
ground was slippery.
P: How far could you see
E: It was impossible to see more than twenty
yards ahead of you, so all the cars were
travelling very slowly.
P: What about Mr. Li’s car Was it
travelling slowly too …
Practise your dialogue and then swap roles.Unit3 A healthy life Grammar
教学内容分析
This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar：the use of “it”．The impersonal pronoun “it” is used frequently in English and has many different functions.“It” can be used in the subject or object position，to stand for an infinitive，－ing form or a clause.The impersonal pronoun “it” can be used to talk about time，distance，weather，etc.“It” can also be used for emphasis.
In this period we will focus on only part of its usages，that is，the use of “it” when the subject of a sentence is a clause，an infinitive，or the －ing form.
三维目标设计
Knowledge and skills
1．To let the students learn the use of “it”．
2．To enable the students to use “it” correctly and properly.
Process and methods
1．To ask the students to read the reading passage again，pick out the sentences with the word “it” in them and write some on the blackboard.
2．To ask the students to discover how “it” is used in various ways.
3．To ask the students to do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 21 for students to master the use of “it”．
4．To ask the students to summarize the use of “it”．
5．To ask the students to do the exercises in Using Structures on Page 57 and some other additional exercises for consolidation.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To get the students to become interested in grammar learning.
2．To develop the students' ability of comparing and summarizing.
教学重、难点
1．To get the students to master the structure and usages of the pronoun “it”．
2．To enable the students to learn how to use “it”．
?Step 1 Revision
1．Check the homework exercises.
2．Dictate some new words and expressions.
3．Translate the following sentences into English：
(1)她对电视入了迷。
(2)虽然有暴风雨，我们依旧准点到达了火车站。
(3)我每次去访问他，他都不在。
Suggested answers：
(1)She is addicted to television.
(2)We arrived at the station in spite of the storm.
(3)Every time I call on him，he is out.
?Step 2 Warming up
Ask the students to reread the passage and find out the sentences with the word “it” in them.For example：
(1)It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.
(2)It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
(3)Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
(4)It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.
Ask the students to think about the use of “it” according to the above four sentences.
?Step 3 Grammar learning
Ask the students to study the following sentences and try to summarize the structure and usages of“it”．
1．The personal pronoun “it” and the impersonal pronoun “it”．
(1)Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder but it didn't help.
(2)—Who is knocking at the door
—It's me.
(3)It's about five kilometers from here to the railway station.
(4)It's getting colder and colder every day.
2．“It” is used in the subject or object position.
(1)She thought it no use telling him about that.
(2)I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.
(3)It's important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language.
(4)It is no use learning without thinking.
(5)It is a pity that you didn't see such a good film.
?Step 4 Summing up
Try to help the students draw the following conclusions.
1．“It” is a very useful word and can be used in many ways.
2．The personal pronoun “it” can substitute something that is mentioned before.In some certain situations，“it” can stand for an unidentified person or a baby.
3．The impersonal pronoun “it” can be used to talk about time，distance，weather，etc.
4．“It” can act as a subject or an object，while the real subject or object can be put backwards in the form of an infinitive，－ing form or a clause.
?Step 5 Grammar practice
Ask students to do the following exercises：
1．Rewrite the sentences using “it” structures given.
(1)Giving up smoking is difficult.(It is...)
(2)Most people believe smoking causes cancer.(It is believed...)
(3)The night was dark and stormy when the old man started his journey.(It was a．..)
(4)Don't quit on a stressful day.(It's no use...)
Suggested answers：
(1)It is difficult to give up smoking.
(2)It is believed that smoking causes cancer.
(3)It was a dark and stormy night when the old man started his journey.
(4)It is no use trying to quit on a stressful day.
2．Do the remaining exercises in Exercise 2 in Discovering useful structures on Page 21.
3．First ask students to do the exercises individually，and then let them discuss and check their answers with their partners，and finally give them the correct answers and deal with any problems they might meet.
?Step 6 Getting more about the grammar
1．it作形式主语的几种句型
①It＋be＋形容词/名词(difficult/necessary/a rule/a duty)＋for/of＋sb.to do sth.
②It＋be＋形容词/名词(difficult/necessary/a rule/a duty)＋that clause
③It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/known)＋that clause
④It＋be＋形容词/名词(useless/no use/no good)＋doing
⑤It＋takes sb.some time＋to do sth.
⑥It＋seems/appears＋that clause
⑦It＋seems/appears＋as if clause
2．it作形式宾语的特殊用法。某些及物动词或短语不能加宾语从句，此时须先用it作形式宾语，然后接宾语从句。此种用法常用于like，dislike，hate，appreciate，depend on，see to等后。如：
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
You may depend on it that they will support you.
I'll appreciate it if you close the door for me.
I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
3．it 引起的几个易混的时间句型
1)It's time for sb.to do sth.和It's(about/high) time that sb.did sth.(should do sth.)。例如：
It's time for us to go to bed.
It's(about/high)time that we went/should go to bed.
注意：It's (about/high) time that句型中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，即用动词的过去式或“should＋动词原形”(should不能省略)。
(2)It/This/That is＋the first/second time＋that sb.has/have done sth.和It/This/That was the first/second time that sb.had done sth.例如： This is the fourth time that she has rung you today.
It was the second time that I had visited the Great Wall last year.
(3)It will be long/hours/days/years before sb.do/does sth.和It was long/hours/days/years before sb.did sth.例如：
It will be two years before we meet again.
It was a long time before I got to sleep again last night.
(4)It is/has been＋years/days/weeks since sb.did sth.和It was years/days/weeks since sb.had done sth.例如：
—What was the party like
—Wonderful.It's years since I enjoyed myself so much.
It was years since I had began to learn English.
(5)It is/was＋具体时间点＋when clause。例如：
It's 6 o'clock when I go home from school every day.
It was five o'clock when they finished the job.
注意：在本结构中，when引导的从句是定语从句，具体时间点是先行词。
?Step 7 Summing up
Try to help the students draw the following conclusions.
1．There are many sentence patterns in English with “it” in them.“It” has many functions.
2．When “it” acts as a subject or an object，the real subject or object can appear in the form of an infinitive，－ing form or a clause.The impersonal pronoun “it” can be used to talk about time，distance，weather，etc.
?Step 8 Playing a game
1．Get students to form groups of 6.
2．Let students play the game “What is it？”．Spend some time making up clues to identify several objects/illnesses/habits in this unit.Then read your clues to your partner and see if he/she can identify them.Choose the best ones to read to the class.
EXAMPLES：
It is a bad habit for both males and females.
It is something you shouldn't start because you will be addicted to it.
It is something which is illegal.
It is a very expensive habit and so it will waste your money.
?Step 9 Closing down by a quiz
Show students the following on the screen or give out test papers to them.
1．It took us over an hour______ along the street.
A．walk B．to walk
C．walking D．walked
2．I think it a great honor______ to visit your country.
A．to invite B．inviting
C．having invited D．to be invited
3．Many people now make______ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.
A．themselves B．it
C．that D．this
4．______ is very clear to everyone that he is round and tall like a tree.
A．This B．What
C．That D．It
5．In the United States，bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel，______？
A．don't they B．does it
C．do they D．doesn't it
6．Someone is at the door；who is______？
A．this B．that
C．it D．he
7．______ raining hard for three hours without stopping.
A．It is B．It was
C．It has been D．It had been
8．—Has the boy got his bicycle now
—Yes，the police gave______.
A．him to him B．it to it
C．it to him D．him to it
9．It is important ______their offer.
A．reject B．rejects
C．to reject D．rejecting
10．Has ______been decided when we are to hold the sports meeting
A．that B．this
C．it D．what
11．Will you see to ______ that the luggage is brought back
A．which B．it
C．this D．that
12．What she said discouraged you，______？
A．did it B．didn't it
C．did she D．didn't she
13．____________ (已经有三年了)since his father passed away.
14．____________ (不久) the police arrived.
15．____________(已经八点了)when he got home.
16．____________(应该……的时候了) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
17．____________(这是第一次) that these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
Suggested answers：
1～5 BDBDB 6～10 CCCCC 11～12 BB
13．It is/has been three years
14．It was not long before
15．It was already eight o'clock
16．It is(high)time that
17．It is the first time
?Step 10 Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises.
PAGE
7(共28张PPT)
Unit 6 A healthy life
Period 3 Grammar
人教版 选修6
下面几个同学都谈到了北京和北京奥运会，你知道下面每句话中it都指什么吗？
It is important for me to be a volunteer in Beijing Olympic Games.
Free Talk
It’s a pity I missed the Opening ceremony of Beijing Olympic Games.
Beijing is a beautiful city, isn’t it
It was a great surprise to me when I got a ticket of Beijing Olympic Games by chance.
It is only ten minutes’ walk to Bird’s Nest from my home.
做形式主语
It 可以用作先行词作为句子的主语,而把句子的真正主语移到后面去, 可以移到后面的主语是：
不定式
句子的谓语可以是 be + 形容词；
Revision
e.g. It is important to know your limitations. 知道自己的局限性是很重要的。
be+名词；
e.g. It is a good idea to have a little notebook handy. 手边有个小笔记本是个好主意。
be+介词短语；
e.g. It is against the law to do that.
这样做是违法的。
其他类型的谓语
e.g. It gives me great pleasure to see the movie. 观看电影让我很高兴。
2) 动名词
用no good, no use, great fun, a new experience等名词作表语；
e.g. It is fun working for him.
为他工作很有意思。
也可用某些形容词作表语；
e.g. Do you think it is worthwhile quarrelling with him？
你认为和他吵值得吗？
其他的谓语形式。
e.g. Does it matter wasting a little money 稍微浪费一点钱行吗？
3) 主语从句
可以是that引导的；
e.g. It is strange that it hasn’t been noticed before. 真奇怪, 它以前没有引起注意。
It is a wonder that he is still alive.
他居然还活着, 真是个奇迹。
It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 碰巧, 那年的收成不好。
It is said that an earthquake struck Japan.
据说日本发生了地震。
也可能是wh-词引导的
e.g. It is still a question how many people are to come. 多少个人会来, 还是个问题。
It is no business of yours where I spend my summer. 我在哪儿过夏天, 这不关你的事。
It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good.
此事对我们是好是坏尚待分晓。
It was clear enough what he meant.
他的意思很清楚。
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时, 往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面, 而用it 作形式宾语, 放在宾语补足语之前。
e.g. I think it no use arguing with him. 我认为和他争吵没有用。
2. 作形式宾语
I found it very interesting to study English. 我发现学英语非常有趣。
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。
3. 用于强调结构
要强调句子的某一部分, 通常是主语、状语、宾语, 可以把it当作先行词。这种句子的结构是：
“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分”。如果强调的是人,可以用who, whom代替that。
e.g. It is Prof. Lin who teaches us English. (强调主语)
It is English that Prof. Lin teaches us. (强调宾语)
It was in Shanghai that I saw the film. (强调状语)
It was in 2001 that I went to university. (强调状语)
e.g. The frog is not a warm-blood animal. It’s a cold-blooded one.
4. 用作人称代词
代替前文提到的事物
5. 作为非人称代词
起指示代词的作用, 指一个人或事物
e.g. — Who is knocking at the door？ — It’s me.
2) 泛指天气
e.g. It’s a warm sunny afternoon.
3) 泛指时间
e.g. It was nearly midnight when she came back.
4) 泛指环境
e.g. It is noisy here.
5) 泛指距离
e.g. It is half an hour’s walk to the city center.
6. 用于某些习语
make it 及时赶到; 成功; 办成
e.g. You can make it if you hurry.
如果你赶快还可以及时赶到。
You needn’t worry; he will make it.你不必担心, 他会办到的。
catch it (口语) 被责骂; 受处罚
e.g. If I come home late I’ll catch it from my mother.
如果我回家晚了, 我妈妈会骂我。
You’ll catch it because of your carelessness. 你会因为你的不小心受处罚的。
7. it的一些习惯用法
How is it with your study 学习好吗？
That’s it . 这就对了。
It went hard with him. 他身遇不幸。
It is all over with me. 我完蛋了。
We must fight it out.我们必须坚持到底。
I can’t help it. 我没有办法。
As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
A. this B. that
C. one D. it
Test
2. ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That
C. This D. It
3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ____ didn’t help.
A. it B. she
C. which D. he
4. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it
C. this D. you
5. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed ____ to ____ and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A. it; her
B. it; herself C. herself; her
D. herself; herselfUnit3 A healthy life Grammar
Teaching aims
Enable the students to master the usage of it.
Teaching important & difficult points
How to enable the students to know the usage of it.
Teaching aids
tape recorder, slides
Teaching procedures
Step1 Revision
Complete the passage with the suitable words in their proper forms.
due to 6. stress
addicted 7.quit
alcohol 8.drugs
manage 9.pregnant
cigarettes 10. adolescents
Smoking __________, drinking _______ or taking other__________ produce many harmful effects and have no real benefits. So why do ___________do it Some begin because they believe it makes them look cool. Others think it will help with _______. In their life possibly________ pressure from their parents or teachers.
Some just want to see what it is like. What they don’t realize is that they will get into the habit and __________ become ____________. It will then be difficult to _________ the habit. A few people ________to quit easily but for many it is a very painful process. Of course, the best way to deal with these drugs is not to start in the first place.
Keys：cigarettes；alcohol；drugs；adolescents；stress； due to；eventually；addicted ; quit；manage
Step2 Lead in
Slide show
Discovering “It”
1．It rains heavily . 指天气
2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddad’s house to James’. 指距离
3. It is November 11, 2005. 指日期
4. It is 9 o’clock at night. 指时间
5. It is bad to smoke. 形式主语
6. It is no good smoking. 形式主语
7. It is likely that he will succeed. 形式主语
Step3 The use of “it”
一、“it”作人称代词
1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:
Xi’an is a beautiful city, isn’t it
They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.
2. 也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.
二、it作非人称代词
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
指天气：
It is a lovely day, isn’t it
It is a bit windy.
2. 指时间:
It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3. 指环境:
It was very quiet in the café.
4. 指距离：
It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre from my home.
5．指日期：
What's the date today It's May 1, 2007.
6. 指季节：
It is summer now.
7. 指度量：
It is about 5 kilograms.
8. 指价值：
----What's the cost of the T-shirt
----It is 150 Yuan.
三、it用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为
（1）It be adj.（for sb.）to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous…
It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.
（2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.
It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
It's no good/use doing…
It's（well）worth doing…
It's（well）worth one's while doing/to do…
It's（well）worth while doing/ to do
It's no use crying over spilt milk.
2．作形式主语替代主语从句
1. It is clear ( obvious，true，possible，certain....) that.....
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
It is strange that it hasn’t been noticed before.真奇怪，它以前没有引起注意。
2． It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that...
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
③It is + noun +从句
It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/...) that...
该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
四、it作形式宾语
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。
I think it no use arguing with him.
我认为和他争吵没有用。
I found it very interesting to study English.
我发现学英语非常有趣。
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。
五、用于强调句型
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who ...
It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
I met Tom in the park yesterday
1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.
2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.
3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.
4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.
It was five o’clock _when________I got home.
It was at five o’clock_that_____ I got home.
It was she who ／that had been wrong．是她错了。（主语）
It was the girl whom ／that I met just now．我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。（宾语）
It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked．老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。（介词宾语）
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（状语）
It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。例如:
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
六、it 常用的固定搭配
1. make it
（1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达例
It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
（2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”
例 —Shall we meet next week？
—OK. We just make it next Saturday.
2．take it/things easy
相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气” 例
Take it easy！ He will do it well.
3．It all depends/that all depends
在口语中，相当于it hasn't been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”
例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday？
—It/That all depends.
4. It's up to sb.
在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”
例 —Shall we go out for dinner？
—It's up to you.
Step3 Exercises
Rewrite the following sentences, using “It’s … that”.
I’m still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. That is amazing.
It is amazing that I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.
2. My father has quit smoking. That is wonderful.
It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking.
3. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. (It is likely).
It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
4. China produces one third of the world’s cigarettes. It is reported.
It is reported that China produces one third of the world’s cigarettes.
Bird flu(禽流感) hit China again. That is known to us.
It is known to us that bird flu(禽流感) hit China again.
Li Yuchun got more than one million Yuan for the advertisement.
People say that.
It is said that Li Yuchun got more than one million Yuan for the advertisement.
7. Some young people think that they look attractive when they smoke. It seems that…
It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they
smoke.
Step 4 Homework
1. Revise and master the use of it.
2. Pre-view the Reading: HIV/AIDS: Are you at risk
PAGE
7(共29张PPT)
Unit 3 A Healthy Life
Period 3 Grammar
人教版 选修6
it的用法(Ⅰ)
一、it用作代词
1．it作非人称代词，常用于指代时间、距离、自然现象、
量度、价值等。
It’s time to get up.(指时间)
到起床的时间了。
It’s going to snow.(指天气)
(天)要下雪了。
It is a long way from my school to the hospital.(指距离)
从我的学校到医院(距离)很远。
Revision
2．it用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事物、性别不明或被
认为不重要的人或动物，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。
— Who is knocking at the door
谁在敲门？
—It’s me.
是我。(性别不明)
We bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before we can move in.(代替前文提到的事物)
我们买了一所新房子但搬进去之前还需要很多工作。
1－1(2011·北京高考)The employment rate has continued to
rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase________.
A．them B．those
C．it D．that
解析：选 。考查代词。根据句意“由于地方政府的努力，大城市的就业率在上升。” 可知应用it 指代the employment rate。
[考题印证1]
C
1－2(2009·北京高考)Being a parent is not always easy, and
being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with________extra stress.
A．it B．them
C．one D．him
解析：选 。考查代词的用法。句意：当一名父亲或母亲并不总是容易的，当一名有特殊需要的孩子的父亲或母亲经常还要承受额外的压力。此处的it指代的是前面提到的“Being a parent is not always easy，”这种情况。
A
3．用来代替指示代词this, that。
— Is this your new computer
这是你的新电脑吗？
— No, it isn’t.
不是。
— What’s that
那是什么？
— It’s Tom’s passport.
是汤姆的护照。
二、it作形式主语
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等作形
式主语，而将真正的主语移至句子后面。
it作形式主语的几种常见句型：
1．It is＋形容词(good/kind/clever/stupid/easy/hard/
difficult/important，etc.)(＋of/for sb.)＋to do sth.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
学好英语对我们来说很重要。
2．It is＋形容词(important/necessary/clear/possible/natural
/strange, etc.)＋that＋sb.＋(should) do sth.(虚拟语气)
It is important that we should pay close attention to the situation.
我们密切关注形势的发展是很重要的。
3．It is no use/good /useless/senseless/dangerous/enjoyable/
worthwhile/a waste/fun, etc.＋doing sth.
It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.
覆水难收。
4．It is said /reported/announced /(well )known/believed
/hoped/suggested/expected, etc. that ...
It is reported that 22 people were killed in the grassland fire in Sichuan Province.
据报道在四川省火灾中有22人丧生。
5．It is ＋名词(词组)(a pity/a shame/an honor/ no wonder/a
fact, etc.)＋that从句。
It’s a pity that you missed such an exciting football match.
你错过了这么令人兴奋的足球比赛，真遗憾。
[点津] it作形式主语没有具体的意义，只是把真正的
主语移至句子的后面，避免头重脚轻。
2－1(2011·江苏高考)It was never clear ________the man
hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
A．that B．how
C．when D．why
解析：选 。考查名词性从句。句意：那位男士为什么没有及时举报事故尚不清楚。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个主语从句，再结合句意可知应用why引导。
[考题印证2]
D
2－2(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)The doctor thought ________ would
be good for you to have a holiday.
A．this B．that
C．one D．it
解析：选 。考查代词用法。在thought后的宾语从句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是“to have a holiday”。
D
三、it作形式宾语
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句
子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面，
it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况：
1．动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for sb.＋)to do或＋that从
句。其中，常用动词有think, believe, suppose,
consider, feel, make, keep等。其中，常用形容词有
hard, useless, worth, worthwhile等。
I think it important that you (should) attend the conference.
我认为你参加这次会议很重要。
I found it hard to get on with Mary.
我发现同玛丽相处很难
3－1(2012·陕西高考)No matter where he is, he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A．him B．this
C．that D．it
解析：选 。考查代词的用法。句意：不管他在哪里，早饭前出去散步是他的一贯做法。make it a rule“惯于；作为常例；定为常规”，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to go for a walk。
[考题印证3]
D
3－2(2012·四川高考)New technologies have made ________
possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
A．that B．this
C．one D．it
解析：选 。考查代词。题干为固定句型：make ＋ it ＋
adj. ＋ to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn
out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意：新兴科
技已经使更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。
D
2．动词＋it＋to sb.＋that ...
常用句型有：
owe it to sb.that ... 把……归功于……
leave it to sb.that ... 把……留给某人去做
take it for granted that ... 认为……理所当然
keep it in mind that ... 把……记在心里
We owe it to you that we finished the work on time.
多亏了你我们才按时完成了这项工作。
I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
我让你自己判断这事是否该做。
3．动词(短语)＋it＋that/when/if ...
常用在此结构中的动词(短语)有：
enjoy, like, love, dislike, appreciate, hate, prefer, ask for, answer for, see to, depend on, insist on等。
See to it that the goods are kept well.
注意这些货物要保存好。
I like it when the weather is fine in autumn.
我喜欢秋高气爽的天气。
回复建议信
假如你是李华，你跟你的朋友Paul聊天，他表示学习压力很大，请你给他写封信，给他提一些建议。
1．将自己的问题告诉老师和同学，请求得到他们的帮助。
2．不要总想着考试成绩，要多想想自己在哪些方面进步了，这样就会给自己自信。
3．多做运动，运动可以帮助自己缓解压力，并且有助于睡眠。
4．你对他的祝福。
要求：1.文章必须包括以上所有内容，并根据需要，适当发挥。
2．词数：120左右。
Writing
Dear Paul，
①I quite sympathize with you and understand the great trouble you are suffering from just because the problem you are facing is very common among us students.②Here are some suggestions for you.
③Firstly, I suggest you communicate your trouble with your teachers and classmates so as to get help from them.④Secondly, you are not supposed to think about your exams all the time, which only makes you more stressed out.⑤Instead, you should think about the progress you have made in your study, which will surely increase your own confidence.⑥In addition, it would be better for you to do more exercise in your spare time to relieve your stress because sports will also help you sleep better at night.
⑦I hope you will get out of your trouble sooner and live happily.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第一段：对对方的状况表示同情和理解。
第二段：提出具体建议。
第三段：表达了自己的希望。
亮点一：句①②③④⑤⑥使用了高级词汇sympathize, suffer from, suggestion, communicate, be supposed to, stressed out, confidence, relieve等，增添了文章的文采，展示了作者扎实的语言功底。
亮点二：句①使用了定语从句和状语从句，句③⑦使用了宾语从句，句④⑤使用了非限制性定语从句，句⑥使用了it作形式主语结构及状语从句。所有这些复杂句式的使用，彰显了作者娴熟的驾驭语言的能力，提升了文章的档次。
亮点三：句③④⑤⑥使用了firstly, secondly, instead, in addition等过渡词，使文章层次清晰，结构严谨，行文流畅。
写回复建议信时，首先要分析问题，表明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。同时应注意以下几点：
1．信件要素齐全：建议信的回信和建议信一样，通常由六部分构成：信头(发信人的地址和发信日期)、信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)、称呼、正文、结束语和签名。有时信头和信内地址可省略。
Writing Skills
2．态度谦恭理智：不管对方提出的问题对自己有无实际价值，态度是否中肯，都要认真对待，理智分析，并对对方提出的问题给出合理的解释以及实际有效的解决方法。
3．简明扼要，以理服人：针对问题提出解决方法时，一定要语气柔和，态度明确，逻辑分明，重点突出，让对方感到“纳而有因，拒而有理”。
[黄金表达]
1．首段：引出问题
①I am sorry you have had so much trouble in ...
②You have asked for my advice on ...and I will try to make some suggestions.
2．主体：提出建议
①In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following action.
②First of all, ...; Meanwhile, ...; In addition, ...
③It’s important for you to ...
3．结尾：提出期望
①Cheer up！Your troubles will soon be over.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Don’t lose heart, whatever happens.
④I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
⑤Please let me know if I can help further.
