Unit 4 Global warming Language Points
教学内容分析
The emphasis of this period will be placed on the important new words，phrases and sentence patterns in Warming Up，Pre－reading，Reading，Comprehending and Discovering useful words and expressions in Learning about Language.There are altogether 53 new words and phrases in these five pa rts.20 of them are marked with triangles，which shows that the students needn't learn them by heart.It is enough to recognize them when meeting them while reading the passage.The other 33 should all be remembered，among which the following words and expressions are even more important：tend，range，subscribe to，go up，widespread，state，glance，steady，tendency，keep on，on the whole，quantity of，be opposed to，come about，result in，even if.They are all very useful and important.So are the sentence patterns “...it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.” and “There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer...” We ought to pay more attention to them.
三维目标设计
Knowledge and skills
1．To get the students to learn to use the following important new words and phrases freely：tend，range，subscribe to，go up，widespread，state，glance，steady，tendency，keep on，on the whole，quantity of，oppose，come about，result in，even if.
2．To get the students to understand and use the following important and useful sentence patterns：
(1)．..it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.
(2)There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer...
Process and methods
1．To help the students to understand the meanings of the above useful new words and expressions in the context，and then give some explanations about them，and at last offer some exercises to make students master their usages.
2．To ask the students to make up their own sentences by imitating the above sentence patterns.
3．At the end of the class，make students do more exercises for consolidation.In doing so，they can learn，grasp and use these important language points well.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To stimulate students' interest in learning English.
2．To develop students' sense of cooperation and teamwork.
教学重、难点
1．Important new words and expressions：quantity of，oppose，come about，result in，even if.
2．Important and useful sentence patterns：
(1)．..it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.
(2)There_is_no_doubt_that the earth is becoming warmer...
3．Some difficult and long sentences in the text.
?Step 1 Revision
1．Check the homework exercises.
2．Ask some students to talk about global warming.
?Step 2 Reading and finding
Get students to read through Warming Up，Pre－reading，Reading，Comprehending and Discovering useful words and expressions in Learning about Language to underline all the new words and useful expressions or collocations in these parts.Read them aloud and copy them down in the exercise book.
?Step 3 Practice for useful words and expressions
1．Turn to Page 28.Go through the exercises in Discovering useful words and expressions with students and make sure they know what to do.
2．Give them several minutes to finish the exercises.They first do them individually，and then discuss and check them with their partners.
3．Check the answers with the whole class and explain the problems they meet where necessary.
?Step 4 Vocabulary study
Ⅰ.简单知识扫描
1．tend(P26)
【原句再现】
It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。
【观察探究】
(1)We sometimes tend to think that the ocean bottom is made up of smooth plains.
我们往往误以为海底由平坦的平原构成。
(2)People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.
处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
(3)Doctors and nurses tended(to)the injured.医生和护士护理受伤的人。
【归纳总结】
tend vi.& vt.意思是“往往会，趋于，倾向；照料，护理”。作“照料，护理”讲时，常与介词to搭配。
【即景活用】
(1)救护车上的救护人员在照料受伤的工人。
Ambulance crews ______ the injured workers.
(2)男孩往往比女孩个子高。
Boys ______ taller than girls.
Suggested answers：(1)were tending(to) (2)tend to be
2．range(P27)
【原句再现】
...it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of which will make life for human beings better.
这将促进动物的生长——所有这一切都会使人类的生活变得更好。
【观察探究】
(1)Maybe the question is beyond the range of human understanding.
或许这个问题超越了人类理解的范围。
(2)You can see a range of mountains standing on the top of the tower.
站在塔顶你可以看到一系列山脉。
(3)The temperature ranges between ten and thirty degrees.
气温在十至三十度之间。
(4)I ranged the books on the shelf by/according to size.
我把书依大小顺序排在书架上。
【归纳总结】
range n. 意思是“范围；射程；山脉；行列”； v. 意思是“变化；排列；归类于”，常用于range from...to...结构，意为“从……到……范围内变化”。
【即景活用】
有年龄从七岁到十四岁的两百个男孩。
There are two hundred boys ______________.
Suggested answer：ranging from seven to fourteen in age
3．subscribe to(P26)
【原句再现】
All scientists subscribe_to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy.
所有科学家都赞同这样的观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气、石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。
【观察探究】
(1)The children each subscribed 5 pence to buy a present for Nick in hospital.
孩子们每人出五便士为住院的尼克买礼品。
(2)All the people present subscribe to the opinion put forward by the chairman.
参加会议的人全部同意主席提出的意见。
(3)I have subscribed to that magazine for years.
我订阅那本杂志已好几年了。
【归纳总结】
subscribe to的意思有“捐款；捐助；同意，赞同；订购(报纸、杂志等)”等。
【即景活用】
The government called on all the citizens to ______ a relief fund.
A．subscribe to B．agree to C．amount to D．shift to
Suggested answers：A
4．go up(P26)
【原句再现】
It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go_up.
这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。
【观察探究】
(1)The elevator went up to the fourth floor.电梯升到了四楼。
(2)As you go up a mountain，you have to overcome the earth's gravity which pulls you down.
上山时你必须克服把你往下拉的地球引力。
(3)Prices of fruit and vegetables have gone up.
水果和蔬菜的价格上涨了。
【归纳总结】
动词短语go up的意思有“升；攀登；向上去，沿(街)而去；涨价”等。类似意义的词还有rise，increase等。其反义词是：go down，fall down，decrease。
【即景活用】
(1)物价又上涨了。Prices ______ again.
(2)到处都盖起新的大楼。New buildings ______ everywhere.
Suggested answers：(1)have gone up (2)are going up
5．keep on(P27)
【原句再现】
Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep_on warming for decades or centuries.
尽管我们已经开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放量，但是在未来的几十年或几个世纪里气候将会持续变暖。
【观察探究】
(1)The airplane kept on flying at a high altitude.这架飞机持续在高空飞行。
(2)He kept on smoking after the doctor told him to stop.
医生劝告他戒烟，可他仍继续抽。
(3)He is keeping on the house in his hometown.他把家乡的那所房屋保留着。
(4)Keep straight on and you'll come to the market.一直往前走就到市场。
(5)I have failed several times，but I still keep on.
我已经失败了好几次，但我仍然坚持下去。
【归纳总结】
keep on意为“继续(做某事)；不顾困难、反对或警告而坚持(做某事)；继续前进，继续工作”等。
【即景活用】
Even if I fail again，I will ______ working hard until I succeed.
A．give up B．turn to
C．keep on D．think of
Suggested answer：C
6．on the whole(P28)
【原句再现】
On_the_whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.
大体上，地球变暖是一种引起巨大关注的现象。
【观察探究】
The weather this month has been good on the whole.
这个月的天气基本上是好的。
Living in town is pleasant but，on the whole，I like the country better.
住在城里是愉快的，但是，总的来看，我更喜欢农村。
【归纳总结】
on the whole意为“总的看来；大体上；基本上”，相当于in general，mostly，可位于句首、句中或句尾。
【即景活用】
翻译句子
总的看来，我认为他那样做是对的。
Suggested answer：On the whole，I think he was quite right to act as he did.
Ⅱ.重点知识探究
1．oppose(P27)
【原句再现】
On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view，believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
另一方面，像乔治·汉布利那些人，他们反对这种观点，认为我们不应该为空气中二氧化碳含量高担心。
【观察探究】
Many members of the council opposed the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.
许多市议会议员反对在市中心建造豪华型住宅。
Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.
许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。
【归纳总结】
oppose vt.& vi.意为“反对；使对立；使对抗； 抗争”，后面可直接跟名词作宾语，也可用于be opposed to(doing)sth.结构。
【词汇辨析】
oppose，object和resist
三者都含有“反对”的意思，但是用法有区别。
oppose为常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，着重动作，尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。如：
The father opposed to his son's marriage.父亲反对儿子的婚事。
object 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”，着重“个人嫌厌”和“(由于与个人有关因此)提出反对意见”。如：
I objected to his plan.我反对他的计划。
resist 指“积极地反抗、对抗；用武力阻止……的前进”，如：
The villagers were united to resist the enemy.
村民们团结起来抵抗敌人。
【即景活用】
我们坚决反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。
We ______ firmly ______ the practice of power politics between nations.
Suggested answers：are；opposed to
2．come about(P26)
【原句再现】
So how has this come_about and does it matter？这种情况是怎么发生的，有什么影响？
【观察探究】
With the use of electricity，great changes have come about.
随着电的使用，种种大变化发生了。
The accident comes about in this way.这事故就是这样发生的。
Many a quarrel has come about through a misunderstanding.
许多争执都是由于误会产生的。
【归纳总结】
come about意为“发生，造成”，有时用it作主语，后面跟that引导的从句。
【词汇辨析】
come about与happen，occur，take place的异同。
come about与happen，occur，take place同义。take place常指经过安排的。happen指“偶然发生”，等于occur。happen to＋v.意为“偶然/碰巧做出”。
It happens/happened that－clause...碰巧……
occur/happen＋to(prep.)．..发生在……
occur＋to(prep.)．..想起……
It occur(－s/－ed)(to sb.)＋to do sth./that－clause想起，想到
【即景活用】
同义句转换
She happened to be out when he called.
A：It ______ that she ______ ______ ______ ______when he called.
B：She ______not to be ______ when he called.
C：It ______ ______ she was not at home when he called.
Suggested answers：A：happened；was not at home B：happened；home C：came about
3．result in(P26)
【原句再现】
They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还一致认为，正是因为越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧才导致了二氧化碳的增长。
【观察探究】
These measures resulted in a great victory.
由于采取了这些措施，打了一个大胜仗。
The plot resulted in failure.阴谋以失败告终。
【归纳总结】
result in的意思是“产生，导致”，与 cause或lead to同义，其主语是起因；in的宾语是结果。result from的意思是“由……引起，产生”，与lie in，as a result of和because of同义，其主语是结果，from的宾语是起因。
【即景活用】
同义句转换
(1)His failure resulted from not working hard enough.
Not working hard enough______ ______his failure.
(2)His sickness was caused by eating too much.
A．His sickness ______ ______eating too much.
B．He was ill ______he ate too much.
C．______ ______ ______ ______ eating too much，he was ill.
Suggested answers：(1)resulted in (2)resulted from；because；As a result of
4．quantities of(P26)
【原句再现】
The problem begins when we add huge quantities_of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
当我们把大量额外的二氧化碳排入大气层的时候，问题就出现了。
【观察探究】
(1)Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.桌子上有许多食品(坚果)。
(2)Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.
雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。
(3)He collected quantities(a quantity)of old pictures.
他收集了大量的旧画。
(4)There is only a small quantity of wine left.只剩下很少一点酒了。
【归纳总结】
quantities of＝a quantity of，意为“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。quantities of无论修饰可数还是不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数。
另外，quantity前面还可以加修饰成分，构成的短语有a certain quantity of (一定数量的)，a large(great，good)quantity of(大量的)，a small quantity of(少量的……)，large(great，good)quantities of (大量的)，small quantities of(少量的……)。
【知识拓展】
(1)quantity 量，数量。如：
Without quantity there can be no quality.没有数量就没有质量。
The government has been buying silver in great quantities.
政府一直在大量购进白银。
(in great/small quantities意为“大/少量”，用作状语。)
(2)表示“大量的”时，可用以下形式：
①修饰可数名词
many，a great/large number of，great/large numbers of，a good/great many (后面没有of)，many a(后接单数名词，其谓语动词也用单数形式)
②修饰不可数名词
much，a great/large amount of，great/large amounts of，a great/good deal of
③既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词
a lot of＝lots of，a quantity of＝quantities of，a mass of＝masses of，plenty of (前面没有a)
▲这些短语均常被形容词修饰，如：a large number of，a small amount of，a great quantity of。
▲quantities of/amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数动词；a lot of/lots of/plenty of＋不可数名词＋单数动词。
▲in amount/amounts/quantity/quantities/number意为“在数量上，大量地”。
【即景活用】
(1)We aim at quality rather than ______.
A．number B．amount
C．figure D．quantity
(2)With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A．is washing away B．is being washed away
C．are washing away D．are being washed away
Suggested answers：(1)D (2)D
5．even if(P27)
【原句再现】
Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
尽管我们已经开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放量，但是在未来的几十年或几个世纪里气候将会持续变暖。
【观察探究】
Even if it rained heavily，we still marched on.即使大雨倾盆，我们还是继续前进。
Even if you are a good high－jumper，you jump no more than three meters.
即使是个优秀的跳高运动员，你也跳不过三米。
We shall go，even if it rains.就是下雨，我们也要去。
【归纳总结】
even if有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思，引导让步状语从句，可以与even though互换，语气比although和though强，可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。
【知识拓展】
though，although引导让步从句的用法：
though，although引导让步从句时，后面的从句不能有but，但是可以用 yet。如：
Although it's raining，they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old，but he still works very hard.
虽然很老了，但他仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed，yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。(谚语)
【即景活用】
(1)We'll make a trip ______ the weather is bad.
A．as for B．even if
C．because of D．as long as
(2)______she is young，she knows quite a lot.
A．When B．However
C．Although D．Unless
Suggested answers：(1)B (2)C
Ⅲ.词汇综合运用
1．用括号中所给的单词或短语翻译下列句子。
(1)即使一个工人持续工作三十余年，他依然买不起房。(even if)
(2)总起来说，中国的房价太高。而且房价还在持续增长。(on the whole；tend；keep on)
(3)他们坚决要求把房价控制在一定的范围内。(range)
(4)尽管政府已经采取了一些措施，但是房价依然在上涨，这导致了许多问题。(although；go up；result in)
(5)许多人想知道这是如何造成的。(come about)
(6)他们反对政府采取的一些措施。(oppose)
Suggested answers：
(1)Even if a worker works continually for more than thirty years，he still can't afford a house.
(2)On the whole，the price of houses in China is too high.And it tends to keep on rising.
(3)They insist that the price of houses should be controlled within a range.
(4)Although the government has taken some measures，the price of houses is still going up，which has resulted in many problems.
(5)Many people want to know how it comes about.
(6)They oppose some measurements taken by the government.
2．连句成篇(按照一定的逻辑顺序适当调整句子的顺序，把上面的句子连成一篇小短文，必要时增加适当的连词。)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Suggested answers：
On the whole，the price of houses in China is too high.And it tends to keep on rising.Although the government has taken some measures，the price of houses is still going up，which has resulted in many problems.Even if a worker works continually for more than thirty years，he still can't afford a house.Many people want to know how it comes about.They oppose some measurements taken by the government and insist that the price of houses should be controlled within a range.
?Step 5 Sentence focus
1．...but it is a rapid increase when_compared_to other natural changes.(P26)
……但是，同自然界的其他变化相比，这种升高是迅速的。
这是一个省略句，补全之后是．..but it is a rapid increase when it is compared to other natural changes。
一般说来，省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：
(1)由 when，while，as，before，after，till，until，once等引导的时间状语从句；
(2)由whether，if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句；
(3)由 though，although，even if，whatever等引导的让步状语从句；
(4)由 as，than 等引导的比较状语从句；
(5)由as，as if，as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略，而是遵循以下原则：
(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：
①连词(as，as if，once)＋名词。如：
Once(he was)a worker，Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.
庞龙曾经是个工人，现在成了一位著名的歌手。
②连词(though，whether，when)＋形容词。如：
Work hard when(you are)young，or you'll regret.
趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
③连词(whether，as if，while)＋介词短语。如：
He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.
他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
④连词(when，while，though)＋现在分词。如：
While(he was)holding talks with President Hu Jintao，US President George W．Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six－Party Talks.
在与胡锦涛主席会谈时，美国总统布什感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。
⑤连词(when，if，even if，unless，once，until，than，as)＋过去分词。如：
The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.
这次展览比被预料的有趣得多。
⑥连词(as if，as though)＋不定式。如：
Olympic gold medalist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.
奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴，好像要说什么。
(2)当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if，unless，when，whenever)＋形容词的结构。如：
Unless(it is)necessary，you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
2．There_is_no_doubt_that the earth is becoming warmer...(P26)
毫无疑问地球正在变暖……
在There is no doubt后常可跟that引导的同位语从句(在肯定句中，doubt后面有时可跟whether引导的从句)。
There is no doubt that you will succeed if you try your best.
毫无疑问如果你尽最大努力你一定会成功。
There is no doubt that he will come on time.他一定会准时来。
类似常用结构：
There is no knowing/telling...没法知道/说……
There is no need...没有必要……
There is no question...……是没有问题的。
There is no reason...没有理由……
There is no possibility that...……是没有可能的。
It is no/small wonder that...(No wonder that)．..难怪……
It is a wonder that...……真奇怪/真是令人惊奇。
?Step 6 Homework
1．Finish off the Workbook exercises.Do Exercise 1 in Using Words and Expressions in your exercise book.
2．Learn the useful new words and expressions by heart.
?Step 7 Reflection after teaching
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1(共26张PPT)
人教版 选修6
Unit 4 Global Warming
Period 2 Language Points
depend on
You can’t depend on your parents forever.
1.It (all) depends.
That (all) depends.那得看情况
light v.照亮,点燃
n. 光,线,灯
adj. 淡色的,明亮的,轻的
consume v.consumer n.
run out / run out of
Phrases
as … as one can = as … as possible
2.Please come here as soon as possible.= Please come here as soon as you can.
as many as 多达
as long as 长达,只要
as far as远至,就…而论
as well as 和…一样好,也,和
as early as 早在
Mention v. n. 提到,说到 It’s worth mentioning that …值得一提的是
I hope you didn’t mention my name to her.
It’s worth mentioning that he is a good student.
You should clean your room to keep it from getting dirty.
1.keep ….from….
stop…. (from)….
prevent…(from)….
你应该打扫房间以保持干净.
Keep doing 继续
keep out 挡住使进不去
keep up with 跟上
Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream.
Trap vt. / n. 挡住圈套
They finally trapped the mouse in a cage.
The police set a trap for the thieves.
最后，他们用笼子把老鼠逮着了．
Compare to （１）和．．比起来
I’ve had some difficulties, but they were nothing compared to yours.
Compare with 把．．相比
4.Compared with many women, she was indeed very fortune.
（２）比喻，比作
3.We often compare children to flowers.
explain sth to sb
从句
He explained how the machine is used.
He explained why he was late.
The teacher explained this point to us.
Come across偶然碰到
Come out显露出版发行
Come up with提出
Come about 发生，造成（无被动）
How did the accident come about
tend vt.照顾，护理 vi. 趋向,易于
tendency n.
When I’m tired, I tend to make mistakes.
He tends to get angry when people oppose his opinion.
tend to 倾向于
5.I subscribe to your opinion completely.
Subscribe vi. Vt.
Subscribe to 同意赞同支持订阅签名
Result in= cause, lead to
Their dispute（争端） resulted in war.
6.Hard work results in success.
result from+ 原因
7.Success results from hard work.
Trend n.趋势，倾向，走向
You should pay attention to the trend of public opinion.(舆论导向）
Oppose vt.
They opposed the new tax.
I oppose your going there alone.
Be opposed to (doing) sth 反对，反抗
8. She is strongly opposed to their plan.
9.He stated his opinion.
The Prime Minister stated that he would visited China the next year.
State vt.
Range (cn.)
The student has a very wide range of interests.
Range from…to..
10.The prices of the pens range from $5-$100.
This plant ranges from France to Italy.
Build up逐步建立,促进,加强
11.What Father said built up my hope.
Build up one’s health
Build up the business
be used for 用来做…
This room is used for study and work.
be used to do
be used to doing
used to do
especially 尤其,特别(非普通) specially 专门
12.I am ----------- busy on Sundays.
13.I come here --------- to see you.
heat v. / heat up 是某物变热或变暖heated adj. 热的激烈的heatedly adv.愤怒地激昂地
There is no doubt that ….
14.There is no doubt that he can come on time.
doubt 的宾语从句,肯定句whether / if / that
否定句 that
15.He doubted whether they would be able to help.He never doubted that they would win the game.
beyond / without doubt无疑地
random 随意的胡乱的随机的/ randomly at random 任意地随便地
Phenomenon n.
16. It is just a natural phenomenon.
therefore
He was ill, and therefore could not come.
warm v. (up)
He warmed himself by the fire.
add v.
add up 加起来
add up to合计达
add to 增加
If you add 4 to 3 , you get 7
Add up these figures, please
extra adj./ adv.
17.Can you have extra time to finish my work
Children were extra glad to see the foreign visitors.
quantities of
18.There are quantities of apples in the room.
There are quantities of food here.
go up上涨，建设，爆炸，烧毁
19.Prices have gone up again.
go by 经过
go in for 参加 go through经历，遭到 go on 前进
Average adj.平均的平常的，/ n. 平均水平
The average age of the students in this class is 9.
Temperatures are above average for the time of year.温度高于此时的年平均温度
on the whole总的来说大体上
On the whole, I’m in favour of the idea.
The paper is well written on the whole.
complete v. / adj. completely adv.
existence 存在生存n. In existence 存在
Men’s social existence determines their consciousness.社会存在决定社会意识
in the future
advocate v. 提倡主张拥护鼓吹/ n.提倡者
20. He advocates building more schools.
The public advocated passing the law.
commitment n.承诺信奉忠诚,预先安排的事
commit v.犯罪犯错误,使承担义务,为某人作出保证
commit a crime
pollution n. / pollute v.
21.We don’t have to put up with pollution.
22.Many lakes have been polluted by industrial waste.
casual adj. 随便的漫不经心的偶然的，休闲的便装的
His casual manner annoyed me .
他无所谓的态度令我恼火
22.Don’t be casual about this.
不要对此漠不关心
contribution n. / contribute v. contribute to
All contributions, however small, will be greatly appreciated.
23.He has an important contribution to the company’s success.
The volunteers contribute quantities of time to the project.
24.Various factors contributed to his downfall.
replace v. 代替,替换,把…放回原处.
George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.
25.We have replaced the old adding machine with a computer.
26.He replaced the book on the shelf.
electrical 关于电方面的被修饰的名词本身不带电
electric 导电的电动的发电的被修饰的名词本身带电 借喻”像电一样的 令人骤然激动的”
He is an electrical engineer.
I bought an electric rice cooker last month.
The atmosphere in the theatre was electric.
make a difference 有影响有重要意义
Together, individuals can make a difference.
27.It makes all difference to me what you do.
put up with
I don’t know how she can put up with him.
put aside 忽视不理睬积蓄
put away 收好放好储蓄
put forward提出
put off推迟
put up 搭起建立张贴 put on 穿上 put down 写下镇压 put back放回原处
as long as / so long as 只要,和…一样长
You may borrow this book so long as you promise to give it back.
I will stay as long as I can.我能呆多久就呆多久
carry out 贯彻实行遵循遵守
carry on 继续
on behalf of
He accepted the cup on behalf of the team.
turn up
It takes sb. Some time to do sth.Unit 4 Global warming Language points
核心词汇
1. subscribe
vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅
vt. （签署）文件；捐助
常用结构：
subscribe to ... 同意，赞许；（在文件等下面）签名，署名
subscribe sth. to ... 捐助
subscribe to/for ... 订阅；订购(书籍等)
He did not subscribe to my proposal.
他不赞同我的建议。
He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund.
他向救济基金捐赠巨资。
He subscribed his name to a petition. 他在请愿书上签名。
2. tend
vt. & vi. （常与to连用）有某种倾向；有……的趋势；走向；趋向；朝向；照管，照料；看护
People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.
处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
He tends to pitch the ball too high.
他往往把球掷得过高。
Prices are tending upward. 物价在上涨。
The woman stayed at home to tend her child.
那个妇女呆在家里照料她的孩子。
3. oppose
vt. 反对； 反抗；对抗；（与to连用）使反对，使相对
Many members of the council opposed the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.
许多议会议员反对在市中心建造豪华型住宅。
My mother is opposed to the new plan.
我妈妈是反对这个新计划的。
Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。
常用结构：
as opposed to （表示对比）而，相对于
易混辨析：oppose/object/resist
oppose 为常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，强调动作,尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。
object 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”, 强调“个人嫌厌”和“由于与个人有关，因此提出反对意见”。
resist指“积极地反抗、对抗”；“用武力阻止……的前进”。
4. consequence
n.［C］结果；后果；影响
I’m quite willing to accept the consequences.
我完全愿意承担后果。
You should know the consequence of not studying hard.
你应该知道不用功学习的后果。
This had the unexpected consequence that he got fired.
这件事有了意外的后果，那就是他被革职了。
常用结构：
as a consequence (of ...)
=in consequence (of ...)
=as a result (of ...) 结果;因此；由于……的原因
联想拓展
consequent adj.（+on/upon） 因……而起的；随之发生的
consequently adv. 结果；因此；必然地
5. average
adj. 平均的；普通的
n. 平均;平均数
The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.
这个班男生的平均年龄为十五岁。
It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的作品。
The average man is not interested in this subject.
普通人一般对这个题目不感兴趣。
常用结构：
on average 平均地；通常
above/below average 高于/低于平均数/水平
an average of ... ……的平均数
up to average 达到平均数
The average of 4 and 8 is 6. 4 和8的平均数为6。
Two students are absent each day on average.
平均每天有两个学生缺席。
6. blame
v. 埋怨,责备
常用结构：
be to blame 应受谴责,应负责任
blame something on sb. 把……归咎于
blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因……而责备某人
City residents also blame migrant workers for the sharp rise in the urban crime rate.
城市居民还责怪民工造成了城市犯罪率的大幅度上升。
They blamed the failure on George. 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
Blame me if I don’t. 我要是不这样做,随你怎么办好了。
联想拓展
blameful adj. 该受责备的，有过错的
blameless adj. 无可责难的,无过错的
blameworthy adj. 该受责备的
重点短语
1. come about
发生；产生
How did this dangerous state of affairs come about
这种危险的事态是怎么发生的
联想拓展
关于come的其他短语:
come across 偶然发现；被理解；提供
come into being 发生；产生；出现；形成
come into power 开始执政；当权；当选
come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行
come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在
come into fashion 开始流行
come off （头发、牙齿、纽扣）脱落；离开
come on 上场；开始；赶快；加油
come out 出来，发芽；出版；说出；洗掉
come to know/realize/understand 开始了解到/意识到/明白
come up with 找到（答案）；拿出（一笔钱等）
2. quantities of
意思是“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
Quantities of apples were on the table.
桌子上有很多苹果。
Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year.
去年大量的石油被海运到日本。
联想拓展
in quantity/in large quantities 大量的
in small quantities 少量的
易混辨析：a quantity of/quantities of
a quantity of 与quantities of，都可译为“大量的”，都既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，但用法有区别。
a quantity of的谓语动词根据其后的名词而定，跟可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数，跟不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。而quantities of 后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词一律用复数。
A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer came.入夏以来，已有大量的空调售出。
3. result in
导致;结果是（相当于lead to）
Their dispute resulted in war. 他们的争端导致了战争。
The accident results in the death of two passengers.
事故导致两名乘客死亡。
His carelessness resulted in the accident.
他的粗心导致事故的发生。
联想拓展
result from 起因于；由……造成
as a result 结果；因此
as a result of 作为……的结果；因为……
4. put up with
忍受；容忍
I don’t know how his parents put up with his antics.
我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的怪异行为的。
She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.
她再也不能忍受那家伙了。
联想拓展
put away 放好；收好；储存
put aside 忽视；不理睬
put across 交流，沟通
put down 记下；放下；镇压；平定
put forward 提出；建议；将……提前
put in 驶进
put out 熄灭；扑灭；出版；公布；生产
put off 推迟；延期
put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重）
put up 提出；举起；升起；提（价）；投宿；建造
重点句型
Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.
这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。
【解析】定语从句中的介词或介词短语可以提到引导词which, whom的前面。如：
（1）The old man has three daughters, two of whom are teachers.
这位老人有三个女儿，其中的两个是老师。
（2）Soon they arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.
不久他们来到了一所农舍，农舍前坐着一个小男孩。
【应用】单项填空
I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction _____ she had come.
A. of which B. by which
C. in which D. from which
解析：选D。介词的选择要依据搭配和句子意义。come from表示“来自……”; of与in不与come搭配;come by意为“从旁边经过”。
PAGE
1Unit4 Global warming Language points
Teaching Aims
1. To learn some new words and phrases.
2. To learn some complicated sentence patterns.
Teaching Important Point
How to help the students to master the usage of some useful words, expressions and sentences.
Teaching Difficult Point
How to enable the students to grasp and remember the detailed information of the reading material.
Teaching Procedure
Teaching aids
A projector, and a blackboard
Step 1 Revision
1. Retell the text.
Step 2 Language points
T: Now let's learn some language points of the text.
Slide show
1. It is a rapid increase compared to most natural changes.
compare vt. 比较；对照。如：
Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right.
把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。
My handwriting can not be compared with my father's.
我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。
vt. 喻为；比拟。如：
Man's life is often compared do a candle.
人生常被比为蜡烛。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把人世比做舞台。
compare...with...表示"把......与......相比（同类相比）"
compare...to... 表示"把......比做......（异类相比，比喻）"
compared to /with 与......相比, 只能作状语
2. How has this come about and does it matter
come about : 发生，造成 相当于happen
When Mother woke up, she didn't know what had come about.
I'll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
Do you know how the air accident came about
3. There is no doubt that....
（1）作不可数名词,作"疑惑;怀疑"
①肯定句中doubt多接whether (一般不用if代替) 同位语从句。如:
There's some doubt whether he'll keep his promise. 他会不会信守诺言还难说。
She had her doubts whether the new book would sell well. 她怀疑新书是否会畅销。
②否定句中doubt多接that同位语从句。如:
There is no doubt that they will ask you for help. 毫无疑问,他们会请你帮忙的。
I have no doubt that you will succeed. 我毫不怀疑你会成功的。
（2）作及物动词常用于下列句型中,作"怀疑;不能肯定;不大相信"解,一般不用进行时态。
①用于否定句或疑问句,后接that引导的宾语从句。如:
I don't doubt that he is telling the truth. 我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。
Do you doubt that he will win the match 你怀疑他会赢这场比赛吗
②用于肯定句,一般接whether 或if引导的宾语从句.如:
I doubt whether we will make a profit out of it. 我认为我们不可能从此事中获利。
We doubt if she will be persuaded. 我们不知道她会不会被说服。
4. He found that the amount of carbon dioxide keep on increasing during that time.
①amount n. 数量
习惯用语：
an amount of 相当数量的; 一些 修饰不可数名词
amounts of 相当数量的; 一些 修饰不可数名词
large amounts of money 大量的金钱
②keep on 继续 +doing sth.
They keep on working although they are tired. 他们虽然很累了，还是继续工作。
5. result in
result in 结果; 致使; 导致
主语：起因 in 的宾语：结果
Acting before thinking always results in failure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败。
The accident resulted in the death of two people.这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
result from 起于, 由于, 由...引起，
主语： 结果 from 的宾语：起因
His sickness resulted __in____ eating too much. (in / from)
6．concern
（1）作动词：① v.使担心；使关心；使烦恼
The boy's poor performance at school concerned his parents.
这个男孩在学校很差的表现，使他父母很担心。
注意：其过去分词concerned通常作形容词用，意为"担心的；烦恼的；忧虑的"。
The concerned parents were all concerned for the children's safety.
忧心忡忡的家长们都为孩子们的安全担忧。
②涉及；与......有关或相关
Attend to what concerns you. 注意与你有关的事物。
注意：其过去分词concerned常用来作表语，意为"和......有关；牵涉"；而作定语，则意为"有关的"。
It is reported that the pop singer is concerned with selling drug. 据报道，那个流行歌手涉嫌贩毒。
He asked all concerned to take an active part in helping the girl.
他要求所有相关的人积极帮助那个女孩。
（2）concern作名词
有关......的事（可数）
That's my concern, so I'll do as I like about it. 那是我的事，因此，我想怎么做就怎么做。
关怀；关心（不可数）
Some people don't show much concern for our environment. 有些人不太关心我们的环境。
担心；担忧
She showed great concern about you.
她很为你担心。
7. range
range v.排列, 使成行；偏袒，站在...的方面。
（1）n. ：范围(尤指从...到...各种种类,可供选择的范围等，可加不定冠词) ；排列
beyond the range of... 超越......的范围
out of one's range 某人达不到的
这家商店商品品种多。
The shop keeps a wide range of goods.
（2）v.排列, 使成行；偏袒，站在......的方面。
主要搭配为：+名词/代词；+介词+名词/代词；
拓展延伸: 被动结构
range oneself；
range from... to ... / between...and ... 从......到......不等。
老师令其学生沿着小径排队。
The teacher _________________ along the path.
温度在15度到35度之间。
The temperature __________________________ . 我们应当列身于法律与秩序的一边。
We should __________________ on the side of law and order.
Keys：ranged his students；ranges from 15 to 35 degrees；range ourselves
8. build up
逐步建立，增加，增进
build up one's fortune
build up one's strength
build up the business
This built up my hope after the interview.
Sediment (沉淀物)builds up on the ocean floor.
Keys：累积财富；；养精蓄锐；develop 扩大, 发展； 增加, 支持, 树立；collect 累积, 收集
9. Some byproducts of this process are called "greenhouse" gases, the most important one being carbon dioxide.
the most important one being carbon dioxide 是一个独立主格结构，由名词+分词构成，在句中做补充说明或伴随的状况。
________________(时间允许的话)，I will show you around the city.
_________________(今天是星期天)，I don't have to go to work.
___________________________(没有人要说的话)，the meeting was closed.
Keys：Time permitting；Today being Sunday；Nobody having any more to say
10．Without the 'green house effect'，the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.
这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。
Without your help ( = If we had not had your help)，we could not have succeeded．
要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。
Step3 Homework
1. Memorize all the language points by heart.
2. Finish exercises of Discovering useful words and expressions (P28)
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1(共16张PPT)
Unit 4 Global Warming Period 2 Language Points
人教版 选修6
above the sea level
the spread of disease
the destruction of species
result in
build up
on the whole
make a difference
put up with
electrical appliances
so/ as long as
recycle used containers
nuclear power
海平面以上
逐步建立
大体上；基本上
有影响，有意义
电器
只要
回收用过的容器
原子能
导致
物种的毁灭
疾病的传播
Phases
忍受
renewable/non-renewable energy resources
greenhouse effect
throughout one’s life
compare to
come about
quantities of
a fierce debate
human activities
global warming
natural gas
natural phenomenon
可再/不可再生资源
温室效应
贯穿一生,整个一生
和……比较起来
发生；造成
大量的
激烈的争辩
人类活动
全球变暖
天然气
自然现象
1. 重点单词拼写
1)John provides me with all the necessities of (生存).
【答案】existence
2) The a temperature of Guangzhou in winter is comparatively
high.
【答案】average
3) In the last decades, cars have generally (下降) in size.
【答案】decreased
4) The (现象)which cannot be explained with scientific
knowledge aroused people’s interests.
【答案】phenomenon
Test
5) Burk c the parks of London to the lungs of the human body.
【答案】 compared
6) He collected a q of curious information.
【答案】 quantity
7) He is making s progress in his research work.
【答案】 steady
8) Nowadays scientists can only s about life on other planets.
【答案】 speculate
9) Her children’s age r from three to eighteen is rather difficult.
【答案】 ranges
10) The (测量)of human being’ intelligence.
【答案】 measurement
【答案】 having caused
5) Weather (permit), we are going to visit the Forbidden City.
【答案】 permitting
6) The drug will have an immediate effect the pain.
【答案】 on
7) is required in the regulation that you should not tell other
people the password of your e-mail account.
【答案】 It
8) (blame) for the terrible accident as the public thought, the
mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.
【答案】 Being to blame
2. 用方框中短语的正确形式填空
on the whole result in put up with compare with as long as
in a bad state build up come about make a difference
1)Does it to you if you are not invited to attend Jim’s birthday
party
【答案】 make a difference
2) what he had already, the new stamps were not interesting.
【答案】 Compared with
3) As his health was his family decided to send him to hospital.
【答案】 in a bad state
4) You had made some mistakes, but you have done well.
【答案】 on the whole
5) Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel .
【答案】 come about
6) They a new, free, healthy people’s culture of science and art.
【答案】 are building up
7) “To be frank, I can hardly the noise you make.” shouted Tom.
【答案】 put up with
8) The fierce quarrel both sides’ breaking up from each other.
【答案】 resulted in
9) you continue working in this way, you will catch up with the
others soon.
【答案】 As long as
1.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(P27)
even if (=even though)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，即使”。
即时强化练习：?
翻译下面句子：即使会丧命我们也要试一试。?
【答案】 We will do it even if we die in the attempt.
2. In the years ahead, the level of the sea could rise by several meters because of global warming.(P29)
在未来的几十年来，水位会由于全球的气候变暖而上升数米。
because of “因为，由于”为介词短语，后跟名词，代词，及动名词。
Sentences
与because of 用法相似的表示因果关系的介词短语还有：thanks to;
owing to; due to; on account of. etc.
They could not cross the river owing to the flood.
由于洪水，他们不能过河。
The train was late on account of the heavy snow.
由于大雪，火车晚点。
3.It is the developed countries who are to blame for producing most of the carbon dioxide.(P31)
应该为制造大量的二氧化碳负责的是那些发达国家。
本句是一个强调句，强调的是主语the developed countries
be to blame “应受谴责，对……负责”此句式是用主动形式表示被动意义，为固定结构：如：The children were not to blame.
孩子们不应受到谴责。
即时强化练习：?
翻译下面句子:?
这只是一个巧合，因此没有人要对此事负责。
【答案】 As it is just a coincidence, no one should be to blame for it.
返回单元菜单
1. It is a rapid increase compared to most natural changes. (P26)
compare...to与……相比较，此处过去分词短语compared to 作状语。
Compared to/with most women, she is very lucky.
与大多数妇女相比，她很幸运。
【词语辨析】compare...to / compare...with ?compare...to 把……比喻成……?
We often compare children to flowers. ?我们常把儿童比作花朵。
compare...with... 把……与……作比较?
If you compare this dictionary with that one, you’ll find many
differences.?
如果你把这本字典和那本比较一下，你就会发现许多不同之处。?When compared with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean
doesn’t seem big at all.
2. How has this come about and does it matter (P26)
这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？
come about: 发生，造成 相当于happen
Can you tell me how the accident came about
你能告诉我事情是怎么发生的呢？
With the use of electricity, great changes have come about in our life.
随着电的使用，我们的生活发生了很大变化。
3. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. (P26)
而当我们因为烧化石燃料而使大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化
碳时，问题就来了。
quantity ［U］与(质量quality相对)
他病后逐步恢复了体力。
Taking exercise will build up your strength. 锻炼可以增强体质。
5. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. (P27)
keep on +doing sth. 继续做……
They keep on working although they are tired. 他们虽然很累了，还是继续工作。
6. The temperature increased and decreased over this period but on the whole it rose by around one degree Fahrenheit. (P28)
decrease v& n 减少；降低
The workmen want to decrease the number of working hours and
increase pay.
工人要求减少工作时间而增加工资。
Your hunger decreases as you eat.
饥饿感在吃饭时会渐渐消失的。
There was a decrease in the number of children in school.
在校的儿童人数有所减少。
on the whole 从整体看，大体上
On the whole, I thought the film was pretty good.
从整体看，我认为这部电影非常好。
【词汇网络】as a whole 作为一个整体，总的来说?
This project will be of great benefit to the region as a whole. ?
总的来说，这个项目对这个地区很有益处。
7. We do not have to put up with pollution. (P30)
put up with 忍受，容忍
She could no longer put up with his violent temper.
她再也忍受不了他的火爆脾气。
He found it difficult to put up with the pain.
他发现很难忍受那种疼痛。
【词汇网络】put away 收拾；积蓄
put down 放下；记下；镇压?
put on 穿上；发胖；上演?
put up 张贴，建筑；投宿?
put back 放回原位；拖延，延误?
put off 推迟，使延期；使失去兴趣?
put out 扑灭?
put forward 提出（意见、建议）
