Grammar
Review the usage of v–ing form:
1. Write the following pairs of sentences(or other similar ones)on the board.
I was feeling tired. I went to bed early→
Feeling tired I went to bed early
I worked hard all day. I went to bed early→
Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.
1. Ask student to consider when the action in each pair of sentences happened and
Lead them to understand that in the first pair of sentences, the feeling and the
action are happening at the same time; whereas in the second pair, the working all
day happened before he/she was tired.
3. Examine the sentences below and discuss in what way the structures similar to each other and in what way they are different
Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.
Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
Having + past participle (the perfect v–ing form) to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verb.
4. Read and discuss Exercise 1 in the SB
5. Set Exercise 2. check answers and discuss structures.
6. Set Exercise 3, 4 and 5. check answers after each exercise and discuss reasons for
the structures used.
7. 小结v-ing 形式的用法
1) v–ing 形式作状语
用法 例句
时间 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….)在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。
条件 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, ….)向左走，你就会找到那个学校
让步 Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where Ilive, ….)尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。
伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.)我站在那儿等她
原因 Being tired , I stopped to take a rest. (= Because I was tired, ….)因为疲倦，我停下来休息。
结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方雨下的如此大，以至引发了洪灾。
2) . 使用v-ing形式需注意的几个问题:
.①分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须
用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the
children to play together
我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让
孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作，它
们之间是主动关系,即explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语my wife 。)
The train having gone, we had to wait another day.（the train逻辑主语 +
having gone 既为独立主格结构）
②分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或 介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。
例如:
误: Having been told many times，but he still couldn’t understand it.
正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.或
Having been told many times， he still couldn’t understand it.
③v-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。
例如:
Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet. (=He opened the drawer and took
out his wallet.)他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。
Coming into the room，he put down his bag. (=he came into the room and put
down his bag.)他走进房间，放下提包。
Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.
布朗先生刷过牙，就下楼来吃早饭。 (此句如写成:Brushing his teeth,
Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“边刷牙，边下楼’。
④分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never等否定词构成。
例如:
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt.
小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。
Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎
样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
(Having been)+p.p. …, 主语+谓语
被动
主动
Having finished my work, I went home. (= After I had finished my work, ….)工作做完只后，我就回家了。
例句
v–ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前
表示被动可直接用过却分词
用法
Having +p.p. …, 主语+谓语
句型
PAGE
4(共33张PPT)
人教版 选修6
Unit 5 The Power of Nature
Period 3 Grammar
(1) This is an interesting book. ( )
定语
Revision
(2) The woman sitting by the window
is our maths teacher. ( )
定语
(3) Seeing the bird, the bear suddenly
stood up. ( )
状语
(4) I saw the man walking on the street
yesterday. ( )
宾补
(5) Playing football is his favorite sport.
( )
主语
(6) I didn’t stop working last night. ( )
(7) My work is teaching English. ( )
宾语
表语
动词-ing是动词非谓语形式中的一种, 单独使用时, 能在句中做除 _____ 之外的任何其他句子成分。如: 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。
谓语
Summary
Looking carefully at the ground, I made my
way to the edge of the crater.
Having experienced quite a few earthquakes
in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
Looking carefully at the ground, I …
Having experienced quite a few
earthquakes in Hawaii already, I …
The –ing form is usedas an adverbial.
The construction having+ p.p. is used to refer to an
action that took place beforethe time that expressed by
the main verb.
The –ing form can be used as an adverbial in a sentence to give information about _______, ________, _____, _____________
_________, etc.
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.
results
Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.
Having been written in haste, the book has some faults.
reasons
Walking along the street, I met Mary.
Having finished my work, I went home.
time
I stood there, waiting for her.
The boy was left there, crying.
accompanying
condition
1. Having written the letter, John went to
the post office.
2. Seeing the beautiful sight, the children
felt excited.
V-ing
doing
having done
表动作有先有后
表动作同时发生
1. ___________ him the answer several times,
I didn’t know if he could understand.
2. _______________ the answer several times,
he still couldn’t solve the question.
Having told
Having been told
having done
主句主语为动作的发出者。
主句主语为动作的承受者。
having been done
3. _________________ (咬) by the snake
once, she feels frightened when _______
________ (看到蛇).
2. ________________ (听到这个消息), we
got excited.
1. ______________________ (刷完牙), Mr.
Brown came downstairs for breakfast.
Having brushed his teeth
Hearing the news
Having been bitten
seeing
分词短语做状语时, 前面可以加上连词, 如 if, unless, when, while, once, though, etc.
a snake
Practice
arrive, give, spend, take and buy.
1 ____________ the wrong bus, Martin
found himself in an unfamiliar district.
Having taken
2 ____________ her opinion about protecting the environment, she left the meeting.
Having given
3 ______________ the precious necklace, she had no money left.
Having bought
4 ____________ all day at home writing, the novelist went out for a walk in the evening.
Having spent
5 ______________ early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.
Having arrived
1. When she woke up in the middle of the night she saw her room was as light as day.
__________ in the middle of the night, she saw her room was as light as day.
Waking up
2. After we had stopped the car, we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldn’t see clearly ahead.
_______________ the car, we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldn’t see clearly ahead.
Having stopped
3. Because I had spent all night reading the documents, I was very tired the next day.
____________ all night reading the documents, I was very tired the next day.
Having spent
4. As the child had never seen a rainbow before, he was very excited.
________________ a rainbow before, he was very excited.
Having never seen
Sometimes adverbial clauses
introduced by when, after, as,
because and so on can be replaced
by the –ing form.
Sometimes working outdoors,
sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. ( )
the adverbial
2. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.
( )
the attribute
3. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea.
( )
the predictive
4. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to
predict where lava from the volcano willflow next and how fast.
( )
the adverbial
5. When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.
( )
the attribute
6. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. ( )
7. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking ( )
and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.
( )
the adverbial
the object
the object complement
8. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice. ( )
9. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. ( )
the adverbial
the predictive
10. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.
( )
11. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. ( )
the adverbial
the adverbial
An eyewitness account of
a murder at Flat 3, Southampton Gardens, London
________ (arrive) at the party, I found all my friends were already there. The dancing was just beginning. _________ (stand), I saw some of my friends _______ (chat) at a table. So I went over to join them.
Arriving
Standing
chatting
Practice
All this while I had not seen my hostess. ____________ (take) a drink,
I felt uncomfortable and got
a headache. A maid took me
upstairs to rest. It was about
10 pm. _____________ (rest)
for a while, I felt better and
went to the balcony to have some fresh air.
Having taken
Having rested
It was at that moment that I realized something was wrong. ________ (hear) a scream, I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess _____ (lie) unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests. She was shot.
Hearing
lying
Finish Using Structures 1, 2, 3 on page 71.
HomeworkGrammar
教学内容分析
This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar：the －ing form.In the English language，the －ing form of a verb may be a present participle or a gerund.The form is identical and the difference is in the function，or the job it does in the sentence.The present participle is most commonly used：
(1)After verbs of movement/position in the pattern.
(2)After verbs of perception in the pattern.The gerund always has the same function as a noun(although it looks like a verb)．
In this period we will focus on only part of the usages of the present participle，that is，the present participle used as the adverbial.
三维目标设计
Knowledge and skills
1．To get the students to know the different forms and usages of the present participle.
2．To enable the students to use the present participle as the adverbial correctly and properly.
Process and methods
1．To ask the students to pick out the sentences with the －ing form from the reading passage and translate them into Chinese.
2．To ask the students to discover the form and usages of the －ing form by comparing a lot of example sentences.
3．To ask the students to do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 37 for students to master the －ing form.
4．To ask the students to summarize the －ing form.
5．To ask the students to do the exercises in Using Structures on Page 71 and some other additional exercises for consolidation.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To get the students to become interested in grammar learning.
2．To develop the students' ability of comparing and summarizing.
教学重、难点
1．To get the students to master the structure and usages of the －ing form.
2．To enable the students to learn how to use the －ing form correctly.
?Step 1 Revision
1．Check the homework exercises.
2．Dictate some new words and expressions.
3．Translate the following sentences into English：
(1)凯特早上看到了火山爆发，她兴奋得整夜不能入睡。
(2)得知可怕的台风的消息后，我打电话给爸爸看一切是否安好。
Suggested answers：
(1)Having seen a volcano erupting in the morning，Kate felt excited and couldn't fall asleep at night.
(2)Having got the news about the terrible typhoon，I called my father to see if everything was OK.
?Step 2 Warming up
Ask the students to go back to Page 33 and study the following three sentences in Pre－reading and translate them into Chinese paying special attention to their verb forms：
(1)Do you think you would enjoy studying volcanoes as a job
(2)Do you like working outside as well as inside
(3)Are you interested in studying rocks and other things that make up the surface of the earth
Tell the students that the above three sentences are with the －ing form and discuss it with them.Then ask the students to think over the question “What is the －ing form？”
Suggested answers：
(1)你认为你会乐意把研究火山作为工作吗？
(2)你喜欢室内工作同时也喜欢室外工作吗？
(3)你对研究岩石及其他一些组成地球表面的物质感兴趣吗？
?Step 3 Grammar learning
Ask the students to study the following sentences and try to summarize the structures and the meanings of the －ing form.
1．the －ing form as the adverbial
(1)Because_I_was_feeling_tired，I went to bed early.因为感到累了，所以我早早地上床睡觉了。
(＝_Feeling_tired，I went to bed early.)
(2)While_I_was_walking along the street，I met Mary.在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。
(＝Waking along the street，I met Mary.)
(3)If_you_turn to the left，you will find the school.向左转，你就会找到那个学校。
(＝Turning_to the left，you will find the school.)
(4)Though_he_knows where I live，he never comes to see me.
虽然他知道我的住处，但是他从来不来看我。
(＝Knowing where I live，he never comes to see me.)
(5)I stood there，and_waited for her.我站在那儿等她。
(＝I stood there，waiting for her.)
2．having done
(1)After_I_had_finished my work，I went home.工作做完之后我就回家了。
(＝Having_finished my work，I went home.)
(2)Because_the_book_had_been_written in haste，it has some faults.
这本书因为仓促完成，所以有些缺憾。
(＝Having_been_written in haste，the book has some faults.)
?Step 4 Summing up
Try to help the students draw the following conclusions.
1．The －ing form can be used as the adverbial in a sentence to give information about time，reasons or results.
2．We use the structure “having＋past participles”(the perfect －ing form)to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by the verb in the main clause.
?Step 5 Grammar practice
Ask students to do the following exercises.
1．Change the following sentences into the －ing form.Put the verbs into the correct forms.
(1)When Rose woke up in the middle of the night，she saw her room was as bright as day.
(2)After we had stopped the car，we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldn't see clearly ahead.
(3)Because I had spent all night reading the documents，I was very tired the next day.
(4)As the child had never seen a rainbow before，he was very excited.
Suggested answers：
(1)Waking up in the middle of the night，Rose saw her room was as bright as day.
(2)Having stopped the car，we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldn't see clearly ahead.
(3)Having spent all night reading the documents，I was very tired the next day.
(4)Having never seen a rainbow before，the child was very excited.
2．Do Exercise 4 in Discovering useful structures on Page 37.
First ask students to do the exercises individually and then let them discuss and check their answers with their partners，and finally give them the correct answers and deal with any problems they might meet.
?Step 6 Getting more about the grammar
Ask students to go back to Page 34 and read through the reading passage An Exciting Job to pick out the sentences with the －ing form and then translate them into Chinese.
Suggested answers：
(1)Sometimes working_outdoors，sometimes in an office，sometimes using_scientific_equipment and sometimes meeting_local_people_and_tourists，I am never bored.
有时在室外工作，有时在办公室，有时工作中要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和旅游人士，我从来不感到工作烦人。
(2)My job is collecting_information_for_a_database_about_Mount_Kilauea，which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.
我的任务是收集有关基拉韦厄火山的数据资料，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。
(3)Having_experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already，I didn't take much notice.
因为我在夏威夷经历过多次地震，所以我对这种声音并不在意。
(4)Having_studied volcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
虽然我从事火山研究很多年了，但我现在仍然对它们的壮丽景色和它们那潜在的巨大破坏力感到惊愕不已。
?Step 7 Closing down by a quiz
Ⅰ.Show students the following on the screen or give out test papers to them.
1．The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.
A．covering B．covered
C．cover D．to cover
2．The flowers ______ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A．to smell B．smelling
C．smelt D．to be smelt
3．Will those ______the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office
A．teaching B．teach
C．who teaches D．who teaching
4．______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A．The president will attend B．The president to attend
C．The president attended D．The president's attending
5．—Why did you go back to the shop
—I left my friend ______ there.
A．waiting B．to wait
C．wait D．waits
6．Don't leave the water ______while you brush your teeth.
A．run B．running
C．being run D．to run
7．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______in the kitchen.
A．smoke B．smoking
C．to smoke D．smoked
8．When ______different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A．compared B．being compared
C．comparing D．having compared
9．More and more people are signing up for yoga classes nowadays，______advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A．taking B．taken
C．having taken D．having been taken
10．Daddy didn't mind what we were doing，as long as we were together，______ fun.
A．had B．have
C．to have D．having
11．Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，______a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A．have reached B．reaching
C．to reach D．to be reaching
12．He came to the party without ______.
A．being invited B．having invited
C．to be invited D．inviting
Suggested answers：
1．A 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.B 12.A
Ⅱ.Complete the following sentences using the v－ing form.
1．Can you imagine yourself ______ in a lonely island？(stay)
2．I can't understand your ______ at that poor child.(laugh)
3．She didn't mind ______ overtime.(work)
4．To make a living，he tried ______，______，and various other things，but he had failed in all.(write；paint)
5．We are looking forward to Mary's ______.(come)
6．She was praised for ______ the life of the child.(save)
7．She ought to be praised instead of ______.(criticize)
8．Is there any possibility of our ______ the championship？(win)
Suggested answers：
1．staying 2.laughing 3.working 4.writing；painting 5.coming 6.having saved
7．being criticized 8.winning
?Step 8 Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises.
?Step 9 Reflection after teaching
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
PAGE
1(共26张PPT)
Unit 5 The Power of Nature
Period 3 Grammar
人教版 选修6
Review the usage of –ing form.
Examine the sentences beloew and discuss in what way the structures similar to each other and in what way they are different
Revision
Looking carefully at the ground, I made
my way to the edge of the crater.
The –ing form used as an adverbial
Having experienced quite a few earthquakes
in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
Having + past participle (the perfect –ing
form) to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verb.
小结-ing 形式的用法
1. –ing 形式作状语
用法 例句
时间 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….)在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。
原因 Being tired , I stopped to take a rest. (= Because I was tired, ….)因为疲倦，我停下来休息。
条件 Turning to the left, you will find the schoo. (= If you turn to the left, ….)向左走，你就会找到那个学校
让步 Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I
live, ….)尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。
伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.)我站在那儿等她。
结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方雨下的如此大，以至引发了洪灾。
2. –ing形式的完成式
句型 主动 Having +p.p. …, 主语+谓语
被动 (Having been)+p.p. …, 主语+谓语
用法 –ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前
表示被动可直接用过却分词
例句 Having finished my work, I went home. (= After I had finished my work, ….)工作做完只后，我就回家了。
例句：
(Having been) written in haste, the book has some faults. 这本书因仓促写成，所以有些缺憾。
分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作，它们之间是主动
Key Point
关系,即explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语my wife 。) The train having gone,we had to wait another day.（the train逻辑主语 + having gone 既为独立主格结构）
分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或 介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。
例如: 误: Having been told many times，but he still couldn’t understand it。 正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。或
Having been told many times， he still couldn’t understand it。
-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。
例如:
Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet. (=He opened the
drawer and took out his wallet.)他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。
Coming into the room，he put down his bag. (=he came into the room and put down his bag.)他走进房间，放下提包。
Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.
布朗先生刷过牙，就下楼来吃早饭。 (此句如写成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for
breakfast.可能指“边刷牙，边下楼’。)
分词的否定形式是在分词短语前加上 not, never等否定词构成。例如:
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt.
小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。 Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help.
我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
Ex:
Rewrite the sentences using the presen or the perfect –ing form of
the underlined verbs. The first two have done for you .
1.When they heard about the volcano they ran down to the village.
hearing about the volcano, they ran down to the village.
2. After the scientists had studied the information they predicted that the lava would flow through the village.
having studied the information, the scientists predicted that the lava would flow through the village.
3. Because I had experienced earthquakes before, I wasn’t frightened.
Having experienced earthquakes before, I wasn’t frightened.
4. When she woke up in the middle of the night she saw her room was as light as day.
waking up in the middle of the night, she saw her room was as light as day.
5. As soon as we had stopped the car, we put on our protective clothing.
having stopped the car, we immediately put on our protective clothing.
6. Because l had spent all night watching the volcano erupting, I was very tired the next day.
having spent all night watching the volcano erupting, I was very tired the next day.
7. As I came out of my house, I saw the volcano erupting.
Coming out of my house, I saw the volcano erupting.
8. As I had never seen a volcano erupting before, I was very excited.
Never having seen a volcano erupting before, I was very excited.
Finish the dialogue exercise 6 on Page 37.
HomeworkGrammar
Teaching aims
Enable the students to master the v-ing form used as an adverbial
Teaching important &difficult points
How to enable the students to know v-ing form used as an adverbial
Teaching aids
tape recorder, slides
Teaching procedures
Step1 Lead in
Examine the sentences below and tell the similarity and difference between these two sentences.
Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.
Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take my notice.
The –ing form can be used as an adverbial in a sentence to give information about time, reasons or results. We use the construction having+past participle to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by the main verb.
Grammar–ing 形式作状语
一、ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
用法 例句
时间 Crossing the road, he was ran over by a car. Having done their homework, the students played football.
原因 Not knowing English, he couldn't understand the film. Having lived in Shanghai, he knows the place very well.
条件 Working hard, you will do well in the exam. Turning to the left, you will see the post office.
让步 Working or reading, she always did her best.Not being a rich man himself, he helped thepoor generously.
伴随 The children went into the classroom, talkingand laughing. She sat there, staring at the ceiling.
结果 His parents died in the war, leaving him anorphan. The child fell, striking his head against thedoor and cutting it.
二、 –ing形式的完成式
句型 主动 Having +p.p. …, 主语+谓语
被动 (Having been) +p.p…, 主语+谓语
用法 -ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用
例句 Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.
三、学习-ing形式作状语的用法时,需要注意以下四点:
一、与过去分词作状语的区别。
一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。试比较:
The enemy fled in a panic, leaving behind a lot of dead bodies and weapons.
Defeated and frightened, the enemy fled in a panic.
分析:前一例中的-ing形式短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语the enemy之间为主动关系;后一句中的过去分词defeated和frightened表原因,它与其逻辑主语the enemy之间为被动关系。
二、分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
1. Comparing all the great people with each other, you’ll find that they have much in common.
2. Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.
3. The train having gone, we had to wait another day.
分析:前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中having gone的逻辑主语是 the train。
三、 -ing形式的否定式。其基本结构是:not + -ing形式,无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于-ing形式之前。如: Not having finished his homework, the boy was still doing it in the classroom.
四、 -ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。
根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如:
Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, so you’ll feel very comfortable.(×)
分析:如前所述,-ing形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词so的使用是错误的,应该去掉。原句应改为:
Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, you’ll feel very comfortable.
Exercises
请用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空:
1. _____ (live) in a southern city of China, I have never seen such a wonderful snow view.
2. _____ (not grow) up yet, you’re not allowed to enter the bars.
3. _____ (encourage) by the director, the actors performed wonderfully in the play.
4. _____ (Know) all this, they made me pay for the damage.
5. The students are sitting in the reading-room, _____ (read) all kinds of books.
二、单项选择
The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps.
A. including; seated B. including; seating
C. included; sat D. included; sitting
2. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late.
A. having been addressed B. to have addressed
C. to have been addressed D. being addressed
4．"You can't catch me" Janet shouted, ______away. (NMET2005全国卷3)
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
5．More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the healthy and relaxation benefits. (NMET2005上海卷)
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
6．______ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (NMET2004北京卷)
PAGE
4(共38张PPT)
Unit 5 The Power of Nature
人教版 选修6
Period 3 Grammar
重点:
①动词-ing形式的作用
②动词-ing形式在做状语时的作用
难点:
动词-ing形式的一般式与完成式的区别
Key Point
1. 说出下列动词的现在分词形式：
work______ sleep_____ study_____
take______ make_____ dance_____
cut ______ put _______ begin______
lie _______ tie ______ die _______
2. 动词-ing形式的作用：
观察下列例句，思考划线部分作用。
(1) This is an interesting book. ( )
(2) The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher. ( )
(3) Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. ( )
(4) I saw the boy walking on the street yesterday. ( )
(5) Playing football is his favorite sport. ( )
(6) I didn’t stop working last night. ( )
(7) My work is teaching English. ( )
定语
定语
状语
宾补
主语
宾语
表语
◆动词-ing是____________________中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除______之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。
◆在语态上，动词-ing表示_____（主动/被动的动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示______（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。
动词非谓语形式
谓语
主动
正在进行
Conclusion
1). __ the child to bed, she began to correct the students’ homework. A. Sending B. Being sent
C. Sent D. Having sent
2). Be careful when / while ________ (cross) the street.
3). _______________ ( 听到这个消息) , we got excited.
crossing
Hearing the news
D
Practice
1).她被蛇咬了三次后，她看见蛇后就害怕。
____________________________________,
2).正在进行的那个会议非常重要。
____________________________________
she feels frightened when seeing the snake.
Having been bitten by the snake for three times
The meeting being hold now is of great importance.
V-ing
doing
having done
一般式
完成式
being done
having been done
主动
被动
1)______________him the answer several times, I didn’t know whether he could understand.
2)_________________the answer several times , he still couldn’t solve the question.
Having told
Having been told
用having been told \ having told填空
主动
被动
归纳
主句主语为动作的发出者。
主句主语为动作的承受者。
More sentences in the reading passage
1. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists …
2. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.
3. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before …
4. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still …
The v–ing form as an adverbial
v-ing 作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。v-ing 作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。
I felt tired. I went to bed early.
I had worked hard all day. I went to bed early.
Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.
作时间状语
Walking along the street, I met Mary. (=While I was walking along the street, …)
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
作原因状语
Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.
(=Because I was tired, …)
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
作条件状语
Turning to the left, you will find the school. (=If you turn the left, …)
If you work hard, you'll succeed.
=Working hard, you'll succeed.
作让步状语
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to support the whole family.
Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.
=Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.
作伴随状语
I stood there, waiting for her.
(=…, and waited for her.)
Following Mike, they started to climb.
The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room.
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时用一般式；在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用完成式。如： Seeing the stranger coming towards him，little Jim ran away as fast as he could. (see和ran几乎同时发生） Having studied English for three years, he can read brief stories in English. (study发生在read之前）
动词-ing形式作状语的时态
动词-ing 的完成式，即：
Having +P.P(过去分词)…, 主语+谓语
1. After she had finished her work, she went home.
2. As we have invited him here to speak, we’d better go to his lecture.
Having finished her work, she went home.
Having invited him here to speak, we’d better go to his lecture.
当句子的主语执行动词-ing形式表示的动作时，动词-ing形式用主动式；当句子的主语承受动词-ing形式表示的动作时，动词-ing形式用被动式。如： He listened to the tape, making notes now and then. (he执行make表示的动作） Being called by a stranger, he realized what would happen. (he承受call表示的动作）
动词-ing形式作状语的语态
句子的主语既不执行也不承受动词-ing形式表示的动作时，就得给动词-ing形式加上它自己的逻辑主语，通常用普通格名词或主格代词充当。此时“逻辑主语 + 动词-ing形式”称为“独立结构”。如： Her mother being ill, she had to ask for leave to take care of her. 由于母亲病了，她不得不请假照顾她。
动词-ing形式作状语的独立结构
当动词-ing形式作状语时，可与引导相应状语从句的连词连用，以明示属什么状语。
When landing on the island, they found some local people welcoming them. He moved his lips as if saying something.
2. 当动词-ing形式作方式状语时，可与by连用。
We learn a foreign language by correcting mistakes while using it.
连词与动词-ing形式短语连用
动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not，如果它用了助动词构成完成式或被动式，就在助动词前面加not。如： Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t ring him. Not having been informed of the meeting, I failed to attend it.
动词-ing形式的否定式
有些v-ing短语已成为固定的惯用语，常被看作句子的插入语，常见的有：
generally speaking 一般说来
strictly/ honestly/ frankly/ roughly/ broadly/ speaking
严格地/诚实地/坦白地/粗略地/泛泛地说
Talking of / about .. 谈到…… considering…
考虑到……/鉴于……
Judging from/ by… 根据……判断
Taking all / everything into consideration 从 各方面考虑
Allowing for… 考虑到
“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ away.
A. run B. running
C. to run D. ran
B
解析：答案B。running away在此作shouted的伴随状语，由Janet发出这一动作。
Test
2. The storm left, ________ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to cause D. having caused
D
解析：答案D。题意：暴雨过去了，只留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下文逻辑意义看，此处应表示自然而然的结果，故用动词-ing作结果状语。
3. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. to wait
B. have waited
C. having waited
D. to have waited
C
解析：答案C。此处为动词-ing的完成式作时间状语，表明该动作发生在realized之前。
4. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffered
C. To suffer D. Suffered
A
解析：答案A。由already提示，动词-ing的动作发生在谓语之前，故须用动词-ing的完成式。
5. The secretary worked all night long, _____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing
C. prepared D. was preparing
B
解析：答案B。后面的动词充当伴随状语，且与主语the secretary是主动关系，因此用动词-ing形式。
_____ every approach she could think of, she
finally solved the problem.
A. To attempt B. Having attempted
C. Attempt D. Attempted
2. Those wild flowers look like a soft colorful blanket ________ the hill. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
B
A
Choose the best answer.
3. ________ to quit smoking, Mr. Wood threw
away all his ______ cigarettes. A. Determined; remained B. Determining; remaining C. Determining; remained D. Determined; remaining
4. This change was caused by both natural and
human factors, with the human factors
______ the lead.
A. to take B. being taken
C. taking D. taken
D
C
5. ____ the poor equipment at the school, he
decided to donate some of his own. A. To have seen B. Seeing C. To see D. Being seen 6. _______ your child set more realistic goals,
let’s have a meeting with him tomorrow. A. Helped B. To help C. Help D. Having helped
B
B
7. The number of people _________, say, the
meaningless activity, is not important at all. A. will attend B. attending C. have attended D. attend 8. ______ with such developments, many newspapers are turning to subjects related
to people’s daily lives. A. Faced B. To face C. To be faced D. Facing
B
A
9. _____ the championship, he was awarded one million dollars.
A. Won B. Winning
C. Having won D. Being won
10. ______ only book knowledge, you will not be able to work well.
A. Had B. Have C. Having D. To have
11. I saw a lot of children playing in the garden, most of them _____ girls.
A. are B. being C. were D. having
C
C
B
12. The old man could not sleep at night, his wrongs _____ him no peace.
A. gave B. give
C. being giving D. giving
13. The decision _____, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.
A. made B. has been made
C. having being made D. being made
14. ____ in the queen for half an hour, I suddenly realized that I had left my wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Waiting
C. Having waited D. To have waited
D
C
C
15. “We can’t go out in this winter,” said Ted, ____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look
C. looked D. had looked
16. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a police was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a police for help
17. _____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
A
D
C
18. ____ the room, I found the recorder stolen.
A. Entering B. To enter C. Enters D. Entered
19. “What on earth have you done ” mother said _____ to the broken vase on the ground.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
20. _____ by car, we visited many places.
A. Travel B. Traveling
C. To travel D. Having travelled
A
A
B
如果时间允许，我会去看望我的老师。
2. 我们发现他躺在床上，听着MP3。
3. 通过讨论，我们找到了解决这道数学题的方法。
Time permitting, I’ll go to see my teacher.
We found him lying on the bed, listening to MP3.
We found the way to work out this math problem by discussing it.
Translate
4. 那位领导整夜未睡，考虑第二天做什么。
5. 挨了同学们的批评后，他不再去网吧打电子游戏了。
6. 过街时要小心。
The leader stayed all the night, thinking of what to do the next day.
Having been criticized by his classmates, he didn’t go to the Internet bar to play computer games any more.
Be careful when crossing the street.
1. ______________ the wrong bus, Martin found himself in an unfamiliar district. 2. _______________ her opinion about protecting the environment, she left the meeting. 3. ________________ the precious necklace, she had no money left. 4. ______________ all day at home writing, the novelist went out for a walk in the evening. 5. _____________ early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.
Complete the sentences with the v–ing form of the verbs: arrive, give, spend, take, and buy.
Having taken
Having given
Having bought
Having spent
Having arrived
Rewrite the sentences using the present or the
v–ing form of the underlined verbs. (P. 37 Ex. 3)
3. Waking up in the middle of the night, she saw her room was as bright as day.
4. Having stopped the car, we fond ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldn’t see clearly ahead.
5. Having spent all night reading the documents, I was very tired the next day.
6. Having never seen a rainbow before as a child, he was very excited.
Review the –ing form and finish exercises 1-2 on page 71.
Preview the reading passage on page 39.
Homework
