2022年中考英语定语从句复习 课件(共52张PPT)

(共52张PPT)
一、准确找出先行词、关系词、定语从句
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
先行词
定语从句所修饰的
名词或代词
关系词
引导定语从句
代替先行词
在定语从句中担当一个成分
定语从句
定语从句
修饰名词或代词
紧跟在先行词后
(
)
Have a try
1. The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2. I like the book which you bought yesterday.
3. The house where he lives needs repairing.
4. I still remember the day which we spent together.
先
关
(
)
先
先
先
关
关
关
(
)
(
)
(
)
结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句
关系词充当什么成分？
1.The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
2.That is the bike which my father bought for me.
3.This is the book whose cover is broken.
4.The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
5.I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
at the hotel
on the day
二、关系词的选择
关系代词
which，that , who ,whom, whose, as
关系副词
when, where, why
步骤：1. 找出先行词
2. 划出定语从句
看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因
看定语从句中缺什么成分
在从句中作主、宾、定
在从句中作状语
We heard the news____ pleased everybody.
which B. where C. whom D. who
步骤：1. 找出先行词
2. 划出定语从句
(
)
看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因
看定语从句中缺什么成分
先行词
从句缺主语
从句缺宾语
从句缺定语
指人
指物
who/that
whom/
that/who
whose
that / which
that /which
whose
（1）先行词指人、物
* which可以指代前面一句话的内容
* 关系代词作宾语可以省略
1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he
2. The building ___ stands near the river is our school.
which B. that C. who D.whose
3. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. that C.which D. whose

分析定语从句成分
缺主语、宾语 用which that
缺状语 用 when=介词+which
I still remember the days ____ we spent together.
when B. what C. that D. in which
I still remember the days _____ we worked together.
A. when B. what C. that D. for which
先行词指时间
(
)
(
)
I will never forget the three years ________ we both spent in the little village.
A. when B. during which
C. which D. in which
(
)
分析定语从句成分
缺主语、宾语 用which that
缺状语 用 where=介词+which
This is the museum ___ I visited a few days ago.　
where　 B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one
This is the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
where B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one
Is the exhibition ______ the foreign friends visited yesterday
A. that B. the one C. which D. where
先行词指地点
(
)
(
)
缺先行词
1. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day
2.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday
3. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago
A. that B. where
C. which D. the one
B
D
C
A
1.Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,____ they learn simple games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
(
)
)
(
3.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
4. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （06江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
* 关系代词作宾语时可以省略
分析定语从句成分
缺主语、宾语 用which that
缺状语 用 why= for which
Is this the reason _______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？
　A. that B. what C. how D. why
Is this the reason ____ he was late for school？
　A. that B. which C. how D. why
先行词指原因
(
)
(
)
He was late for school
for the reason
（1）the way 作先行词，关系词用：
（2）time表示“次数”，关系词用：
三、the way、time
that/in which/不填
that/不填
I don’t understand the way___________________they worked out the problem.
I could hardly remember how many times __________I’ve failed.
in whichthat省略
that/不填
1. I don’t like the way _____ he looks at me.
A. in that B. which C. of which D. /
2. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北）
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
四、that which
指物时，关系代词that 和 which 一般可以互换，但应注意以下情况：
在下列情况下一般用that:
1.I’ve read all the books ___ you lent me.
2.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
3.He keeps a record of everything ____ he had seen there.
4.The TV play I watched last night is the best one _____ I have watched this year.
5.Tell us about the people and the places ____ are different from ours.
6. This is the very thing _______ I am after.
1.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者被序数词、形容词最高级修饰
2.先行词是不定代词时,如:all ,few, little, much, something, anything, everything, nothing 等
3.先行词既有人又有物时
4.先行词被the only, the very, the right 等修饰时
5.先行词被 little, few, no, any, much, all, every等修饰时
6.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语，常用that。
He is not the man that he was.
7 .在疑问词who、which开头的句子中
8.在There be 句型中
There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
在下列情况下一般用that:
在下列情况下要用which
1.当关系代词的前面有介词时.
2.在非限制性定语从句中.
3.先行词本身是that
eg. The clock is that which tells the time.
What is that which the dog is running after？
1. She is no longer the girl___ she used
to be.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
当定语从句中缺表语，用that
B
2. He was not the man ___ he was before.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
C
(
)
(
)
3.This is the best TV _______ is made in China.
4.The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum.
that
that
先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。
五、Whose 的使用
whose+名词 =
the+名词+ of which/whom
of which/whom+the+名词
1.所属关系
2.指人或物
3.作定语
This is the book _____________ is broken
______________ is broken
_______________ is broken.
whose cover
the cover of which
of which the cover
1.There are in this class 20 students, ______ are different.
A.whose backgrounds
B. the backgrounds of whom
C.of whom the backgrounds
D.the backgrounds of whose
2.Last year , this area was struck by a strong typhoon, from _____ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
whose
the people are still suffering from typhoon’s effects.
(
)
3. (06福建卷)Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ____roof is under repair.
whose B. which
C. of which D. that
答案：A
(
)
六、as的用法
知识扩充
1.在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词
2.状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
3.分类
根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为:①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句
When she was a child,she Lived in Paris.
We should go where the people need us.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
We studied hard in order to pass the exam.
We’ll start our project if the president agrees
He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.
Although I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
时间
地点
原因
目的
条件
结果
让步
方式
比较
His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.
He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.
The shop sells so expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导,译为
“如此…以至于” 。that只起连接作用，不充当成分。
六、as 的用法
as 引导定语从句时，
①可以指人也可指物
②通常与the same, such, so等连用
③在句子中可作主语、宾语或表语
We hope to get such a tool as he is using.
(as作宾语，指代a tool)
(1)辨析：as 与 which
① as位置灵活，能置于句首或主句之后，且常有“正如”“正像”之意。
which只能置于主语之后
② as 用在固定结构中：as is known to all, as we all know, as is said above(综上所述)，as was expected, as often happens 等等。
which不能
1、John got beaten in the game, had been expected.
A．who B．what C．that D．as
2、Crusoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.
A．this B．that
C．which D．as
C
D
（2）辨析：suchso…as…与suchso…that…
这两个结构主要在句子成分上区分：
①在suchso…as…结构中， as引导定语从句，代替前面的先行词， 且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
②在suchso…that…结构中，that 引导的是状语从句，只起连词的作用，在从句中不作成分。”如此…以至于”
Don’t talk about such things as you don’t understand.
从句缺宾语，as作宾语
as引导的定语从句
We hope to get such a tool that we can do our work better with it.
从句不缺成分，that只起连接作用
that引导的状语从句
It is so big a stone as we can’t lift.
从句缺宾语
It is so big a stone that we can’t lift it.
从句不缺成分
Harry Potter is such an interesting book _____ all kids like to read.
A. as B that C. D. which
(
)
read缺宾语 as作宾语引导定语从句
read后加it,选that,that只起连接作用。
A
（3）辨析：the same …as与
the same…that：
① the same...as表示一种比较，和...一样
This is the same watch as I lost.
这和我丢的那只手表一样。
② the same...that表示同一个
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那只手表。
My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.
A．like B．that
C．as D．which
C
七、介词+关系代词
1.定语从句中，在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom，指谁的用whose, 不可省略。
2.定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用
the+名词
the+形容词比较级
（最高级）
数词
代词(most,some
few,both…)
+ of + whichwhom
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of which was very reasonable.
There are two buildings, the larger of which is about 100 meters.
He has three sons, two of whom are teachers.
I have many friends, some of whom are teachers.
也可说of whom two
也可说of whom some
3.介词如何选择？
方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.
填入适当的介词
1.He is the man ____ whom I think you can depend.
(
)
on
I think you can depend ( ) the man.
方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.
2.He referred me to some reference books ____ which I am not very familiar.
(
)
with
I am not very familiar ( ) some reference books.
3.He made a hole in the wall, ________ which he could see what was going on outside the house.
先行词是：
a hole
(
)
through
he could see what was going on outside the house ( ) a hole.
4、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.
A．which B．with C．with it D．with which
5、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.
A．of whom B．by that
C．by whom D．by which
6、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.
A．in which B．worn by
C．through which D．on which
C
A
D
八、定语从句的单复数问题
关系代词做从句主语时
1.从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词
2.先行词是句子时，从句谓语动词用单三
I, who ____ (be) your classmates, will share the work with you.
The exams were put off, which _____(be)exactly what we wanted.
am
was
注意：
He is one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
He is the only one in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
has
have
one of + 复数名词 作先行词，从句动词用复数
其前有the only, the very修饰， 从句动词用单数
九、成分多余
为避免关系词的重复，被关系词所替代的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
He wouldn’t see a play that no one liked it.
Some of the boys whom I invited them didn’t come.
The factory where he works there is a large one.
十、定语从句与并列句
（1）He has two children, and both of ___are abroad.
（2）He has two children, both of ___are abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
A
C
介词后指人只能用whom
要特别注意句中是否有并列连词and,but等
（3） He paid the boy $10 for washing ten
windows, most of ____ hadn’t been
cleaned for ten years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
（4）The old man has two sons, ____are
lawyers.
A. both of them B. both of the sons
C. both of whom D. both of two