Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.Section A spend / cost /take / pay的用法辨析 理解“现在完成时”的用法（共有

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Unit 10 I‘ve had this bike for three years.
spend cost take pay的用法辨析
(2)理解“现在完成时”的用法
人教版英语八级下册
spend cost take pay的用法辨析
---How much did the Christmas tree cost
---It cost me 200 yuan.
I spent 200 yuan on it.
I paid 200 yuan for it.
导入新课
花费
spend
cost
take
pay
知识讲解
spend
时间、金钱
主语一般是人（sb）
常用的两种结构：
spend……(in) doing sth
spend……on sth
spend
He spent 10 yuan (in) buying the pen
He spent 30 minutes on his homework.
cost
金钱
主语一般是物（sth）
常用的句型结构：
sth cost sb some money
The book cost me 12 yuan.
take
时间
常用的句型结构：
It takes sb some time to do sth
It took him 2 hours to finish his
homework .
pay
金钱
主语一般是人（sb）
常用的结构：
pay …… for sth
He paid 10 yuan for the book.
1. The Christmas tree costs me 200 yuan.
●主语通常是事或物，表示花费金钱
●常见搭配是：sth cost (sb) some money
2. I spend 200 yuan on the Christmas tree .
●主语只能是人，不能是物，可以表示花费时间，也可以表示花费金钱。
●常见搭配：sb spend some time/money on sth
sb spend some time/money (in) doing sth
We spent almost 3 hours (in) decorating it.
要点分析
3. It took us almost 3 hours to decorate it.
●主语通常是形式主语it或物，表示花费时间
●常见搭配是：It takes sb some time to do sth
4. I paid 200 yuan for the Christmas tree.
●主语通常是人，表示花费金钱
●常见搭配是：sb pay some money for sth
要点分析
学以致用
It will ________her 3 hours to finish the work.
This dress _________me 300 yuan.
He ________160 dollars for the bike last month.
We___________2 hours doing some cleaning yesterday.
take
cost
paid
spent
小结
cost spend take pay 表示花费的区别
主语 对象 结构
cost 事物 sth cost (sb) money
spend 人 sb spend time/money on sth
sb spend time/money (in) doing sth
take It 或事物 sth takes time
It takes sb time to do sth
pay 人
sb pay money for sth
理解“现在完成时”的用法
教学过程
15
理解例句所表达的时间。
现在完成时：表示从过去已经开始，一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。
分析语境：“我已经在北京生活了30年。”，“自从1988年起，我一直生活在北京。”。结合以上两个示例：从1988年起到现在，我都生活在北京，并且可能以后继续在北京生活。
She has lived in Beijing for 30 years.
She has lived in Beijing since 1988.
教学过程
16
She has lived in Beijing for 30 years.
She has lived in Beijing since 1988.
for
找出例句中的标志词，并分析不同点。
现在完成时常与“for+时间段”，“since+时间点”连用。
since
一段时间
时间点
for
now
since
教学过程
17
He ________ (be) in bed since 3 days ago.
分析语境：ago是一般过去时的标志词，当其前有since时，表示从过去某个时间开始到现在的动作或状态，要用现在完成时。
判断下列例句适用于哪个时态？
“since+时间段+ago”用于现在完成时
He ________ (be) sick 3 days ago.
has been
was
教学过程
18
I have learnt English
since I was five years old.
分析语境：自从我五岁时，我就已经开始学习英语了。（学习英语这个动作是从过去一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去。）since引导的从句时态用一般过去时。
找出适用于现在完成时的时间标志。
“since+从句（用一般过去时）”用于现在完成时
教学过程
19
概念 时间标志
从过去开始到现在并可能继续下去 for+时间段 since+过去时间点
since+时间段+ago
since+过去时的句子
记忆技巧：现完携手for与since从过去到现在到将来
现在完成时的用法
能用表格总结现在完成时的用法吗？
教学过程
20
The boy has prepared his show for 6 months.
She has…for…
They are the actors who will have their show. Please guess how long they have prepared for their shows.
运用“Sb has done sth for+一段时间. ”进行造句。
教学过程
21
I have…since…
Discuss the topics in groups.
I have been a teacher since 2012. And how about you
运用“Sb has done sth since+时间点（从句）. ”进行小组讨论。
I have been a girl since I was born.
1. I ________ here for 10 years.
A. live B. am living C. lived D. have lived
达标评测（可选）
考考你
22
选出正确选项：
达标评测（可选）
考考你
23
2.根据中文释义完成句子：
她从小学开始就认识佛雷德了。
She ____________ (know) Fred _______they were at primary school.
has known
since
感 谢 聆 听