【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十三 13 阅读理解之细节理解题（原卷板）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
阅读理解题是历年各地高考中的必考项目，通过阅读理解题可以考查学生对英语语言的综合运用能力。阅读细节理解题一般分为直接事实题与间接事实题。直接事实题在原文中可直接找到答案；常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等。间接事实题需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换。
主要考查热点：
1.细节理解题中的是非判断题；
2.细节理解题中的排除题；
3.细节理解题中的因果题；
4.细节理解题中的排序题。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
文章主题和中心思想的阐述需要大量细节信息的支持，找到这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。这类试题有时比较直接，从字面意思即可理解；有时需要归纳、概括和推理才能得出答案。
一、细节理解题中的是非判断题常见命题形式
Which of the following(statements)is NOT true
According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE
Which of the following statement is NOT accurate
Which of the following statements is FALSE
二、细节理解题中的排除题常见命题形式
Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage
Which of the following is NOT listed as a reason for Which of the following is NOT mentioned with regard to...
Which of the following is NOT referred to by the author
The author describes... as all of the following EXCEPT_____________．
The author mentions all of the items listed below EXCEPT_____________．
Which of the following does the author NOT express
做这类题目时，可以先读问题及选项，然后带着问题去读文章，并逐一排除错误选项，这样既可以提高阅读速度，又能保证答题的准确率。
三、细节理解题中的因果题常见命题形式
The reason why...is that__．
What is the author's reason for__
The reason why...is___．
What was the cause of__
In the author's opinion...．results from__／results in__．
What is the main factor that contributes to…according to the passage
According to the passage．the...is mainly due to__．
On what grounds does the author say that it is necessary to…
因果题主要针对文章的内容考查考生对有关因果关系的理解，根据文章内容判断事情发展的原因及所导致的结果。 做这种题应注意区分论点和论据、原因和结果、直接原因和间接原因以及主题句和支撑句。要特别注意文章中表示原因或结果的词汇和短语，例如：because，because of'，as a result／consequence of result from，due to，owing to，thanks to，so，as a result／consequence，therefore，thus，lead to，result in等。
四、细节理解题中的排序题常见命题形式
Which of the following shows the right order
Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…
文章中叙述某些情节，然后在设题时将各个情节重新表述，打乱次序。任意排列成若干点，要求同学们判断哪个符合文章内容的正确排序，这就是所谓排序题。 做这种题时首先应注意把握文章的时间线索，其次注意观察事件发展的先后顺序及。情节安排的规律，其次应把注意力放在分析因与果上，一般来说因在先、果在后。
五、细节理解题解题技巧及步骤
1. 阅读理解细节题解题技巧
这类细节理解题主要测试考生对文章内容是否真正看懂，是否理解得精确和全面。做这类题时，要把四个选项逐一与文中信息对照才能确定。通常可以在做完其他题型后再做。因为在查找其他信息时，可能会找到与此类题有关的信息，从而节省时间。细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，解题原则都是从原文出发，一般不需要归纳总结、分析推理，答案通常就在原文中的某一处具体信息中。
1）带着问题找答案，找关键词。先从题干中找出关键性词语，以此为线索，快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关；然后仔细推敲、比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在理解细节的前提下确定答案。
2）注意一些关键词、关键句子。如：however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。
3）注意同义替换项或者同义转换项。根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。
4）在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。
5）根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
2. 阅读理解细节题解题步骤
1）浏览全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。
2）抓关键词，快速寻读。根据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读，反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。
3）回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。
总之，对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
【温馨提示】
1. 排除干扰项 ，突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。
2. 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
3. 快速通篇跳读，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。
4. 注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 全国乙卷 阅读理解 A篇）
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium are continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities(容量)slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927.
Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, I960.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
21）How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22）Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium.
B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium.
D. Kyle Field.
23）What do the listed stadiums have in common
A. They host big games.
B. They have become tourist attractions
C. They were built by Americans.
D. They are favored by architects.
2.（2021年高考 全国乙卷阅读理解 D篇）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, "That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street -so I can focus. " His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise-not too loud and not total silence-may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32）Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33）Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34）What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35）What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter.
B. He’s on office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
3.（2021年高考 新高考I卷 阅读理解 B篇）
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot, " Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, " Mr Titterton said. "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner, " she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn, turn!'" "Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
24）What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
25）Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage
A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.
26）What does Titterton need to practise
A.Counting the pages.
B.Recognizing the "nodding".
C.Catching falling objects.
D.Performing in his own style.
27）Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worst page turner"
A.He has very poor eyesight.
B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music.
D.He forgets to do his job.
4.（2021年高考 浙江卷 阅读理解 B篇）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference, " David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
24）What is the problem with the author's children
A.They often annoy the neighbours.
B.They are tired of doing their homework.
C.They have no friends to play with.
D.They stay in front of sereens for too long.
25）How did David Bond advocate his idea
A.By making a documentary film.
B.By organizing outdoor activities.
C.By advertising in London media.
D.By creating a network of friends.
26）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
27）What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Let Children Have Fun
B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children
D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
5.（江西省名校学术联盟2018届高三第二次教学质量检测）
Children and Youth Sidewalk Sale
Young people are bursting with artistic energy. The Children and Youth Sidewalk Sale (CYSS) of the Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts is a fun way for boys and girls to express themselves visually. It focuses on encouraging the creative growth of young people, believing they can develop their artistic potential through personal expression in individual original objects.
CYSS is a highlight of Children and Youth Day, Wednesday, July 12, 2018. This day features performances for and by young people, art and craft workshops and demonstrations. All artists must be between the ages of 8 and 18 and live or have relatives living in any of the centrally located Pennsylvania counties to participate.
All artworks must be original and age-appropriate for the event’s audience, most of whom are under 18. The sales of work made from small animals and the sales of food are prohibited. A complete listing of the rules can be found in the application. Please review the rules carefully as they may have changed since you last participated in the event.
Artists must personally be present during the entire clay. Representatives, including family members, may not attend in place of the artist.
How to Enter
1. Complete both sides of the entry form. A parent signature is required.
2. On a separate sheet, provide a brief description of the artwork and the materials used. Do not send samples; they cannot be returned.
3. Enclose at least one photograph of your work.
4. Mail application and photo of your work to P. O. Box 1023, Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts.
1）What’s the aim of CYSS
A. To teach young people to develop their interest in arts.
B. To help young people get some extra money for their work.
C. To get young people to develop their artistic potential.
D. To improve the performing skills of young people.
2）What’s the feature of Children and Youth Day
A. All the artworks are original and proper for young people.
B. Most of the artworks are focused on animal protection.
C. The participants must be residents of central Pennsylvania.
D. The sales of artworks about animals are not allowed.
3）Which of the following is required for application
A. A sample of the applicant’s artwork.
B. A return envelope with stamps on it.
C. Detailed description of the artwork.
D. The signature of the applicant’s parent.
6.（山东省淄博实验中学2018届高三一诊）
Legend has it that the performing arts began when a Greek singer named Thespis invented tragedy. In 534 B.C., Thespis was performing a hymn（赞美诗）to the god Dionysius. Such hymns, called dithyrambs, were usually sung by a lead singer and a chorus. Thespis added a speaking actor. Performances at the annual Dionysian festival soon included plays with three actors as well as the standard hymns. By 449 B.C., the Greeks were giving prizes to the best actor and the best playwright at the festival. A modern word for actor—thespian recognizes the debt today's drama owes to Thespis.
Performing in a Greek play required physical strength. Because each play had only three actors, performers had to play several roles. Chorus members both sang and danced. Being in the chorus for the many performances given at a festival was said to be as demanding as competing in the Olympic Games.
The Theater of Dionysius in Athens could hold 20,000 people. Even those in the front rows were quite a distance from the actors. Performers used grand gestures and wore masks so that they could be seen by everyone in their huge audience. Tragic（悲剧的）actors wore long clothes and ic actors wore short costumes that let them move freely and masks designed to make them look ugly or silly. Sometimes the chorus were dressed up to look like animals.
Another legacy（遗产）of the ancient Greeks is the deus ex machine, or "god from the machine". If a playwright was having trouble with the plot, he might have a god appear through a trap door（天窗）.The god would rescue the main character and find a solution to any difficult plot situations. Modem writers might not call on gods, but they do sometimes use unlikely ways to end a story. A character or an event that brings a complicated plot to an unlikely conclusion is still called deus ex machina.
1）We can learn from Paragraph 1 that .
A. the word "thespian" means "debt" in English
B. the Dionysian festival was held once a year
C. there were four actors in early Greek drama
D. the first tragedy was performed in 449B.C
2）From the passage we can know .
A. it was not easy to get a chance to perform in the chorus
B. the best actor and the best playwright would be given money
C. the playwright must play a role in the performance
D. the audience sat very close to actors to have a good view
3）According to the passage, one difference between early Greek comedies and tragedies is .
A. the actors' distance from the audience B. the play's beginning
C. the number of performers D. the actors' clothes
4）Deus ex machine is .
A. a kind of tragedy popular with ancient audience
B. a type of character that modern writers often write about
C. a way ancient Greek dramatist used to develop the plot
D. a style of performance first used by ancient Greek actors
7.（安徽省合肥市2018届高三调研)）
Golden Gate Bridge
Located in San Francisco, the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County. It was finally thrown open to public traffic in 1937.It cost $25.7 million in the construction. Till the year 1957, the Golden Gate Bridge, at a length of 2,737 meters, was the longest suspension bridge in the world.
Brooklyn Bridge
The Brooklyn Bridge is located in Brooklyn. It is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States, having been opened in the year 1883.The length of the bridge is 1,843 meters. The bridge has been featured in several Hollywood movies.
George Washington Bridge
Also known as the Hudson River Bridge and the Columbus Bridge, the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a construction period of almost 4 years. It is a two level suspension bridge that cost about $52 million to build.
Mackinac Bridge
This is the third biggest suspension bridge in the world at a length of 8,038 meters. The architect of this bridge was Dr. David B. Steinman who directed the construction of the bridge which started in the year 1054 and opened to the public in 1958.People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.
Navajo Bridge
Located in Arizona, this bridge crosses the Colorado River and is almost 250 meters long. The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927, ending two years later, costing $390,000.In the 1990s a second bridge was built which was opened to the public in 1994.The first bridge is now used only by pedestrians.
1）What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge
A. It consists of two bridges.
B. It costs the least of the five bridges.
C. It is the longest suspension bridge in the world.
D. It takes about 4 years to complete the construction.
2）Which of the following bridges was built the earliest
A. Golden Gate Bridge. B. Brooklyn Bridge.
C. George Washington Bridge. D. Navajo Bridge.
3）What will you do if you drive across Mackinac Bridge
A. Have to pay some money. B. Use the second bridge.
C. Cover nearly 250 meters. D. See the statue of Dr. David B. Steinman.
8.（2018年高考 全国III 卷 阅读B）
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
1）What attracted the early settlers to New York City
A. Its business culture. B. Its small population.
C. Its geographical position. D. Its favourable climate.
2）What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there. B. One out of five people got rich.
C. Almost everyone gave up. D. Half of them died.
3）What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson
A. They found the city too crowded. B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable to stand the winter. D. They were short of food.
4）What is the text mainly about
A. The rise and fall of a city. B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness. D. Tourism in Dawson.
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十三 13 阅读理解之细节理解题 （解析卷）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
阅读理解题是历年各地高考中的必考项目，通过阅读理解题可以考查学生对英语语言的综合运用能力。阅读细节理解题一般分为直接事实题与间接事实题。直接事实题在原文中可直接找到答案；常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等。间接事实题需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换。
主要考查热点：
1.细节理解题中的是非判断题；
2.细节理解题中的排除题；
3.细节理解题中的因果题；
4.细节理解题中的排序题。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
文章主题和中心思想的阐述需要大量细节信息的支持，找到这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。这类试题有时比较直接，从字面意思即可理解；有时需要归纳、概括和推理才能得出答案。
一、细节理解题中的是非判断题常见命题形式
Which of the following(statements)is NOT true
According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE
Which of the following statement is NOT accurate
Which of the following statements is FALSE
二、细节理解题中的排除题常见命题形式
Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage
Which of the following is NOT listed as a reason for Which of the following is NOT mentioned with regard to...
Which of the following is NOT referred to by the author
The author describes... as all of the following EXCEPT_____________．
The author mentions all of the items listed below EXCEPT_____________．
Which of the following does the author NOT express
做这类题目时，可以先读问题及选项，然后带着问题去读文章，并逐一排除错误选项，这样既可以提高阅读速度，又能保证答题的准确率。
三、细节理解题中的因果题常见命题形式
The reason why...is that__．
What is the author's reason for__
The reason why...is___．
What was the cause of__
In the author's opinion...．results from__／results in__．
What is the main factor that contributes to…according to the passage
According to the passage．the...is mainly due to__．
On what grounds does the author say that it is necessary to…
因果题主要针对文章的内容考查考生对有关因果关系的理解，根据文章内容判断事情发展的原因及所导致的结果。 做这种题应注意区分论点和论据、原因和结果、直接原因和间接原因以及主题句和支撑句。要特别注意文章中表示原因或结果的词汇和短语，例如：because，because of'，as a result／consequence of result from，due to，owing to，thanks to，so，as a result／consequence，therefore，thus，lead to，result in等。
四、细节理解题中的排序题常见命题形式
Which of the following shows the right order
Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…
文章中叙述某些情节，然后在设题时将各个情节重新表述，打乱次序。任意排列成若干点，要求同学们判断哪个符合文章内容的正确排序，这就是所谓排序题。 做这种题时首先应注意把握文章的时间线索，其次注意观察事件发展的先后顺序及。情节安排的规律，其次应把注意力放在分析因与果上，一般来说因在先、果在后。
五、细节理解题解题技巧及步骤
1. 阅读理解细节题解题技巧
这类细节理解题主要测试考生对文章内容是否真正看懂，是否理解得精确和全面。做这类题时，要把四个选项逐一与文中信息对照才能确定。通常可以在做完其他题型后再做。因为在查找其他信息时，可能会找到与此类题有关的信息，从而节省时间。细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，解题原则都是从原文出发，一般不需要归纳总结、分析推理，答案通常就在原文中的某一处具体信息中。
1）带着问题找答案，找关键词。先从题干中找出关键性词语，以此为线索，快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关；然后仔细推敲、比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在理解细节的前提下确定答案。
2）注意一些关键词、关键句子。如：however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。
3）注意同义替换项或者同义转换项。根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。
4）在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。
5）根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
2. 阅读理解细节题解题步骤
1）浏览全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。
2）抓关键词，快速寻读。根据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读，反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。
3）回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。
总之，对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
【温馨提示】
1. 排除干扰项 ，突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。
2. 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
3. 快速通篇跳读，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。
4. 注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 全国乙卷 阅读理解 A篇）
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium are continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities(容量) slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927.
Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, I960.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
21) How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22) Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium.
B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium.
D. Kyle Field.
23) What do the listed stadiums have in common
A. They host big games.
B. They have become tourist attractions
C. They were built by Americans.
D. They are favored by architects.
【答案与解析】
本文介绍的是世界上的几个最大的体育场馆的使用：
Rome’s Colosseum是古罗马斗兽场，Colosseum意思是：巨大的场所。
Circus Maximus是古罗马最大的竞技场。
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium朝鲜平壤的五一体育场，朝鲜官方大型活动的地方。
Michigan Stadium,美国密歇根体育场，全世界最大的校园球场。
Ohio Stadium美国俄亥俄州、哥伦布市、俄亥俄州立大学大型橄榄球场。
Kyle Field美国德克萨斯州大学城、德克萨斯农工大学校园的足球场。
21) D 细节理解题 “However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.” 然而，与容纳了大约25万人的城市马戏团Maximus相比，这只是小菜一碟。
22) C 细节理解题 题干问的是“which is the oldest ”，所以答案是Ohio Stadium。
23) A 细节理解题 根据“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”可知，所列举的这些体育场都仍然在举办世界上最大的赛事。
【文章大意】
从古希腊时代起，人们就开始涌入体育场。大约在公元前8时，罗马人建造了斗兽场，它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场，并继续为当代设计提供信息。罗马斗兽场高157英尺，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。然而，与容纳了大约25万人的城市马戏团Maximus相比，这只是小菜一碟。
如今，安全法规（更不用说现代体育迷对良好视野和舒适座位的渴望）往往会保持体育场的容量稍微低一点。即使是足球迷也倾向于每人都有一个座位；成千上万人站着看比赛的日子一去不复返了。
对于世界上最大的体育场馆，我们使用了迄今为止由世界地图集列表提供的数据，该列表根据其规定的永久容量对它们进行了排名，以及来自官方体育场网站的最新信息。
所有这些体育场仍然是功能性的，仍然开放，仍然举办世界体育最大的事件。
朝鲜平壤的5.1体育场，1989年5月1日开放，容纳15万人。
美国密歇根州安娜堡市密歇根体育场，1960年9月17日开放，容纳107601人。
美国宾夕法尼亚州州立学院海狸体育场，1927年10月1日开放，容纳106572人。
美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，1922年10月7日开放，容纳104944人。
美国得克萨斯州大学站凯尔场，1927年9月24日开放，容纳102512人。
2.（2021年高考 全国乙卷阅读理解 D篇）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, "That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street -so I can focus. " His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise-not too loud and not total silence-may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32) Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33) Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34) What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35) What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter.
B. He’s on office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了七十分贝的背景音乐不仅不会影响人的注意力，而且还会提升人的创造性思维。
32) A 细节理解题。根据第一段"That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street -so I can focus. "可知，他的采访者对自己在开放的办公室工作分心的程度而感到恼火，他说：“这就是我成为街对面合作工作空间会员的原因——这样我就可以集中精力工作了。答案A选项concentrate与文中focus为同义词。所以排除B、D选项，选项C文中未提及。
33) C 细节理解题。根据第二段“the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise-not too loud and not total silence-may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability.”可知，70分贝的、适当的背景噪音不要太大，也不要完全沉默，实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。题干中的promote是文中improve的同义词。
34) D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.”可知，很多人不喜欢开放办公室，因为当他们努力集中注意力时，无法阻止自己被别人的谈话所吸引。题干中unwelcome与文中hate是近义词。
35) D 推理判断题。根据文章一开始的“During an interview for one of my books”可推断出，文章作者是一位已经有出版作品的作家。
【文章大意】
在我对我的一本书采访中，我的采访者说了一些令我仍然经常想起的话。他对自己在开放的办公室工作分心的程度感到恼火，他说：“这就是我成为街对面合作工作空间会员的原因——这样我就可以集中精力工作了。他的评论使我感到奇怪。毕竟，合作工作空间通常也使用开放式办公室布局，但我最近遇到了一项研究，它说明了为什么他的方法有效。
研究人员检查了参与者在完成创造性思维测试时的各种噪音水平。他们被随机分成四组，他们都在不同的背景噪音中，从完全安静到50分贝, 70分贝和85分贝，各组间差异无统计学意义。然而，在70分贝组中，那些在类似于咖啡店背景喋喋不休的噪音中的参与者的表现明显优于其他组。由于影响很小，这可能表明我们的创造性思维在完全沉默和85分贝的背景噪音下没有太大的不同。
但是，70分贝的结果是显著的，研究还表明，适当的背景噪音不要太大，也不要完全沉默，实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。适当水平的背景噪音可能会打断我们正常的思维模式，足以让我们的想象力四处游荡，而不会让我们无法集中注意力。这种“注意力分散”似乎是从事创造性工作的最佳状态。
为什么我们这么多人讨厌我们的办公室？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们努力集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己被别人的谈话所吸引。事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，一个合作工作的空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供了免受干扰的自由。
3.（2021年高考 新高考I卷 阅读理解 B篇）
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot, " Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, " Mr Titterton said. "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner, " she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn, turn!'" "Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
24) What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
25) Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage
A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.
26) What does Titterton need to practise
A.Counting the pages.
B.Recognizing the "nodding".
C.Catching falling objects.
D.Performing in his own style.
27) Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worst page turner"
A.He has very poor eyesight.
B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music.
D.He forgets to do his job.
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了律师 Robert Titterton 在业余时间给音乐家做翻页人的故事。该题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
24) A 细节理解题 根据题干信息“be able to do”定位到第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.”可知，做一名page turner需要能够找到音乐中重复的部分，然后翻回到乐谱正确的地方。因此做一名page turner需要能够读懂音乐。故选A。
25) C 推理判断题 根据题干选项定位到第五段。分析语境可知，他在工作中有时还要处理突发事件，例如会有翻开一页乐谱的风导致其他的乐谱掉落的情况。因此，可以形容这份工作是让人费神费力的。故选C。
26) B 细节理解题 根据题干信息“need to practice”定位到第四段第一句“Being a page turner requires plenty of practice.”这句话后面说明了page turner需要能够捕捉到演奏者的点头致意，根据这一信号来翻页，这是需要配合练习的。故选B。
27) D 细节理解题 根据题干信息the worst page turner定位到最后一段。分析可知，说话人的丈夫总是过度沉迷于音乐本身而忘记翻页，以至于她必须告诉他该翻页了。故选D。
4.（2021年高考 浙江卷 阅读理解 B篇）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference, " David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
24) What is the problem with the author's children
A.They often annoy the neighbours.
B.They are tired of doing their homework.
C.They have no friends to play with.
D.They stay in front of sereens for too long.
25) How did David Bond advocate his idea
A.By making a documentary film.
B.By organizing outdoor activities.
C.By advertising in London media.
D.By creating a network of friends.
26) Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
27) What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Let Children Have Fun
B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children
D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案与解析】
24) D 细节理解题 根据第一段第三句 "However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours.（(然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它看几个小时）" 可知，作者的孩子们放学之后只想看电子屏幕，并盯着看好几个小时，孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。所以，选D。
25) A 细节理解题 根据第二段最后两句“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.（他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到）”可知，作者记录了自己的旅程，并制作成电影。所以，选A。
26) A 词句猜测题 根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意思一致。所以，选A项。
27) C 主旨大意题 根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。所以，选C项。
5.（江西省名校学术联盟2018届高三第二次教学质量检测）
Children and Youth Sidewalk Sale
Young people are bursting with artistic energy. The Children and Youth Sidewalk Sale (CYSS) of the Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts is a fun way for boys and girls to express themselves visually. It focuses on encouraging the creative growth of young people, believing they can develop their artistic potential through personal expression in individual original objects.
CYSS is a highlight of Children and Youth Day, Wednesday, July 12, 2018. This day features performances for and by young people, art and craft workshops and demonstrations. All artists must be between the ages of 8 and 18 and live or have relatives living in any of the centrally located Pennsylvania counties to participate.
All artworks must be original and age-appropriate for the event’s audience, most of whom are under 18. The sales of work made from small animals and the sales of food are prohibited. A complete listing of the rules can be found in the application. Please review the rules carefully as they may have changed since you last participated in the event.
Artists must personally be present during the entire clay. Representatives, including family members, may not attend in place of the artist.
How to Enter
1. Complete both sides of the entry form. A parent signature is required.
2. On a separate sheet, provide a brief description of the artwork and the materials used. Do not send samples; they cannot be returned.
3. Enclose at least one photograph of your work.
4. Mail application and photo of your work to P. O. Box 1023, Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts.
1) What’s the aim of CYSS
A. To teach young people to develop their interest in arts.
B. To help young people get some extra money for their work.
C. To get young people to develop their artistic potential.
D. To improve the performing skills of young people.
2) What’s the feature of Children and Youth Day
A. All the artworks are original and proper for young people.
B. Most of the artworks are focused on animal protection.
C. The participants must be residents of central Pennsylvania.
D. The sales of artworks about animals are not allowed.
3) Which of the following is required for application
A. A sample of the applicant’s artwork.
B. A return envelope with stamps on it.
C. Detailed description of the artwork.
D. The signature of the applicant’s parent.
【答案与解析】
1) C 细节理解题 根据“It focuses on encouraging the creative growth of young people, believing they can develop their artistic potential through personal expression in individual original objects.”可知CYSS的目的是帮助年轻人开发他们的艺术潜能。选C。
2) A 细节理解题 根据“All artworks must be original and age-appropriate for the event’s audience, most of whom are under 18.”可知儿童和青年日的特色是所有的作品都是别出心裁，并且适合年轻人。选A。
3) D 细节理解题 根据“Complete both sides of the entry form. A parent signature is required.”可知申请时，需要申请人的父母签名。选D。
6.（山东省淄博实验中学2018届高三一诊）
Legend has it that the performing arts began when a Greek singer named Thespis invented tragedy. In 534 B.C., Thespis was performing a hymn（赞美诗）to the god Dionysius. Such hymns, called dithyrambs, were usually sung by a lead singer and a chorus. Thespis added a speaking actor. Performances at the annual Dionysian festival soon included plays with three actors as well as the standard hymns. By 449 B.C., the Greeks were giving prizes to the best actor and the best playwright at the festival. A modern word for actor—thespian recognizes the debt today's drama owes to Thespis.
Performing in a Greek play required physical strength. Because each play had only three actors, performers had to play several roles. Chorus members both sang and danced. Being in the chorus for the many performances given at a festival was said to be as demanding as competing in the Olympic Games.
The Theater of Dionysius in Athens could hold 20,000 people. Even those in the front rows were quite a distance from the actors. Performers used grand gestures and wore masks so that they could be seen by everyone in their huge audience. Tragic（悲剧的）actors wore long clothes and ic actors wore short costumes that let them move freely and masks designed to make them look ugly or silly. Sometimes the chorus were dressed up to look like animals.
Another legacy（遗产）of the ancient Greeks is the deus ex machine, or "god from the machine". If a playwright was having trouble with the plot, he might have a god appear through a trap door（天窗）.The god would rescue the main character and find a solution to any difficult plot situations. Modem writers might not call on gods, but they do sometimes use unlikely ways to end a story. A character or an event that brings a complicated plot to an unlikely conclusion is still called deus ex machina.
1) We can learn from Paragraph 1 that .
A. the word "thespian" means "debt" in English
B. the Dionysian festival was held once a year
C. there were four actors in early Greek drama
D. the first tragedy was performed in 449B.C
2) From the passage we can know .
A. it was not easy to get a chance to perform in the chorus
B. the best actor and the best playwright would be given money
C. the playwright must play a role in the performance
D. the audience sat very close to actors to have a good view
3) According to the passage, one difference between early Greek comedies and tragedies is .
A. the actors' distance from the audience B. the play's beginning
C. the number of performers D. the actors' clothes
4) Deus ex machine is .
A. a kind of tragedy popular with ancient audience
B. a type of character that modern writers often write about
C. a way ancient Greek dramatist used to develop the plot
D. a style of performance first used by ancient Greek actors
【答案与解析】 这篇文章介绍的是关于希腊戏剧的发展。
1) B 细节理解题 根据“Performances at the annual Dionysian festival soon included plays with three actors as well as the standard hymns.”可知酒神节每年举办一次。选B。
2) A 细节理解题 根据“Being in the chorus for the many performances given at a festival was said to be as demanding as competing in the Olympic Games.”可知想要获得在合唱中表演的机会是非常难的。选A。
3) D 细节理解题 根据“Tragic（悲剧的）actors wore long clothes and ic actors wore short costumes that let them move freely and masks designed to make them look ugly or silly.”可知早期的希腊喜剧和悲剧的一个不同之处在于演员的服装。选D。
4) C 细节理解题 根据“Another legacy（遗产）of the ancient Greeks is the deus ex machina, or "god from the machine". If a playwright was having trouble with the plot, he might have a god appear through a trap door（天窗）.The god would rescue the main character and find a solution to any difficult plot situations.”可知Deus ex machina是古希腊剧作家用来发展情节的一个方法。选C。
7.（安徽省合肥市2018届高三调研)）
Golden Gate Bridge
Located in San Francisco, the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County. It was finally thrown open to public traffic in 1937.It cost $25.7 million in the construction. Till the year 1957, the Golden Gate Bridge, at a length of 2,737 meters, was the longest suspension bridge in the world.
Brooklyn Bridge
The Brooklyn Bridge is located in Brooklyn. It is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States, having been opened in the year 1883.The length of the bridge is 1,843 meters. The bridge has been featured in several Hollywood movies.
George Washington Bridge
Also known as the Hudson River Bridge and the Columbus Bridge, the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a construction period of almost 4 years. It is a two level suspension bridge that cost about $52 million to build.
Mackinac Bridge
This is the third biggest suspension bridge in the world at a length of 8,038 meters. The architect of this bridge was Dr. David B. Steinman who directed the construction of the bridge which started in the year 1054 and opened to the public in 1958.People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.
Navajo Bridge
Located in Arizona, this bridge crosses the Colorado River and is almost 250 meters long. The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927, ending two years later, costing $390,000.In the 1990s a second bridge was built which was opened to the public in 1994.The first bridge is now used only by pedestrians.
1) What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge
A. It consists of two bridges.
B. It costs the least of the five bridges.
C. It is the longest suspension bridge in the world.
D. It takes about 4 years to complete the construction.
2) Which of the following bridges was built the earliest
A. Golden Gate Bridge. B. Brooklyn Bridge.
C. George Washington Bridge. D. Navajo Bridge.
3) What will you do if you drive across Mackinac Bridge
A. Have to pay some money. B. Use the second bridge.
C. Cover nearly 250 meters. D. See the statue of Dr. David B. Steinman.
【答案与解析】
本文主要介绍了金门大桥、布鲁克林大桥、乔治华盛顿大桥、麦克纳克大桥、纳瓦霍桥这五座大桥。
1) D 细节理解题 根据“the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County. It was finally thrown open to public traffic in 1937.”可知金门大桥花费了大约四年时间建设完成。选D。
2) B 细节理解题 根据“the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect...It was finally thrown open to public traffic in 1937；The Brooklyn Bridge is...having been opened in the year 1883；Navajo Bridge... The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927, ending two years later；Mackinac Bridge ...the bridge which started in the year 1954 and opened to the public in 1958；the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a...”可知布鲁克林大桥是最早建好开放的，1883年。选B。
3) A 细节细节题 根据“People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.”可知：使用这座桥的人被收取一定的费用。选A。
8.（2018年高考 全国III 卷 阅读B）
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
1) What attracted the early settlers to New York City
A. Its business culture. B. Its small population.
C. Its geographical position. D. Its favourable climate.
2) What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there. B. One out of five people got rich.
C. Almost everyone gave up. D. Half of them died.
3) What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson
A. They found the city too crowded. B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable to stand the winter. D. They were short of food.
4) What is the text mainly about
A. The rise and fall of a city. B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness. D. Tourism in Dawson.
【答案与解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是Dawson城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
1) C 细节理解题 根据文章第一段中“Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，C正确。
2) B 细节理解题 根据文章第二段最后一句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.”可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，B正确。
3) B 细节理解题 根据文章最后一段中“and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。B正确。
4) A 主旨大意题 第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。A正确。
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