成才之路高二英语必修五（北师大版）全册导学案（打包3套Word有答案）

Unit 13　People
主题情景呈现
核心知识探究
词汇
expression,connection，pray,gifted，accurately,predict,deserve,failure,mistaken,
disability,entirely,accuse,independent,sharp,desire，aboard,upset,fault,relief,
allergic,anxiety,glare,confirm，grateful,judge,block，devote
add...to, end up, stand for, find out,compared to, come up with, concentrate on,deal with, have something to do with, in terms of, speak of, pick up, as a result
核心句型
It is...that....（教材P8）
It is generally believed that....（教材P9）
核心语法
1.掌握过去分词的用法
2.掌握情态动词表推测
背景e站连接
Some parents would like to test their children’s IQ or EQ when their children are very young.They were eager to know whether their children are genius or not.Some psychologists assert that it’s no good doing that.First,nobody can define the standard of IQ or EQ scores exactly.Second, the tests only show that those who get high marks are skilled at those questionnaires.Finally, the results of the tests may ruin the children’s future dreams.
①be eager to do渴望干某事
②genius天才
③assert声称，断言
④define给……下定义
⑤be skilled at做某事熟练
⑥ruin毁灭，毁坏
Warming up
重点词汇
1.add vt. & vi. 增加，加入（常与to连用）；接着说，补充
①The fire is going out. Will you add some wood?
火要灭了，再加点木头好吗？
②Please add my name to the list.
请在名单上加上我的名字。
③I’ll add a few words when you finish.
你说完后我接着补充几句。
知识拓展
1)add to 增加，加强
The trip will greatly add to our knowledge.
这次旅行将会大大增长我们的见识。
2)add up 加起来
Every time I added up these figures I got a different answer.
每次加起这些数来，我得到的答案都不一样。
3）add up to 合计为，总计
The numbers add up to exactly 100.
这些数字的总和恰好是100。
即学即用
The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A.added to B.resulted from
C.turned out D.made up
答案：A　句意：轮船的发动机失灵了，恶劣的天气更加让海上的船员们感到无助。add to“增加，增添”，符合句意。
2.expression n.表情；表达能力，用词
①There was a worried expression on her face.
她脸上流露出一种担心的表情。
②The poet’ s anger found expression in the last line of the poem.
诗人在诗中最后一行把愤怒宣泄了出来。
③John gave expression to his love of nature in his paintings.
约翰在画中表现了他对自然的热爱。
④“Shut up”is not a polite expression.
“闭嘴”不是礼貌用语。
知识拓展
express vt. 表达；表示
①I find it hard to express my feeling.
我觉得很难表达自己的感受。
②You are free to express yourself at the meeting.
会议上你可以畅所欲言。
③Her face expressed great joy.
她的脸上表现出很高兴的神情。
注意：express用作名词时意为“快车”，用作形容词时意为“特快的”。
①In order to get there in time, he took an express train.
为了及时赶到那儿，他乘坐了特快列车。
②That evening he saw her get on the No.101 special express to Beijing.
那天晚上他看到她上了北京的101特快列车。
即学即用
The 　　　　 on his face told me that he was angry.
A.impression B.sight
C.appearance D.expression
答案：D 本题考查词义辨析。句意为“他脸上的表情告诉我他生气了”。impression意为“印象”；sight意为“景象，情景，风景”；appearance意为“外表，外观”;expression意为“表情”，故选D。
3.connection n.联系；连接
①His resignation must have some connection with the scandal.
他的辞职一定与这件丑闻有关。
②Connection to the water mains takes only a few minutes.
接上总水管只需几分钟。
③I am writing to you in connection with your friend.
我写这封信与你的朋友有关。
知识拓展
(1)in connection with 关于
In connection with your request of March 18th, we are sorry to tell you that...
关于你3月18日提出的请求，我们非常抱歉地告诉你……
(2)in this connection 由于这事；为此
(3)connect v. 连接；联结
①They got two connecting rooms in the hotel.
在旅馆里，他们租了两间相通的房间。
②The worker connected the wires up.
工人把电线连接了起来。
(4)connected adj. 有联系的，有关的
connected events 相关的事件
即学即用
完成句子
我们和芝加哥的一家公司有来往。
We a company in Chicago.
答案：have connection with
4.wear vt.
1)穿着；戴着
①She is wearing a white dress today.
她今天穿着白色服装。
②Did you see a little boy wearing a red cap?
你有没有看到一个戴红帽子的小男孩？
③I’ ll wear earrings to the party.
我要戴耳环去参加宴会。
2)留，蓄（头发，胡须等）
①She wears her hair long.
她留着长发。
②He wears a beard.
他留着胡须。
词语辨析
wear, have on, put on, dress
1)wear主要用于穿衣服、戴眼镜（手套、首饰、帽子等），强调“穿（戴）着”的状态。
2)have on 作“穿（戴）着”解，同wear一样，也表状态，但不用于进行时态。
3)put on着重强调“穿（戴）上”的动作。
4)dress既可以作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，所接宾语是人而不是衣，帽等物。
即学即用
He was a new coat yesterday.
A.dressing B.putting on
C.wearing D.having on
答案：C 本题考查词语辨析。dress表示“穿”，其宾语是“人”；put on强调“穿（戴）”的动作；而wear表示“穿（戴）”的状态；have on 也表示“穿”的状态，但不能用于进行时态。
重点短语
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
①The students take turns to answer the teacher’s questions.
学生们轮流回答老师的问题。
②They took turns to look after their sick mother.
他们轮流照顾生病的母亲。
知识拓展
on the turn 正要转变
at every turn 不时地，每次
out of turn 不按照顺序地
by turns 轮流地，一个接一个地
take turns doing sth. 轮流做某事
in turn 接连地，顺序地，一个接一个地
It’s sb.’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
即学即用
（1）Students always to clean classroom at school.
A.take on B.take turns
C.take in D.take off
答案：B　本题考查短语辨析。take on意为“从事”；take turns意为“轮流”;take in意为“吸收，欺骗”；take off意为“脱掉，起飞”，故选B。
（2）A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics,which will promote its economic development.
A.in nature B.in return
C.in turn D.in fact
答案：C　in turn表示“反过来，后来，转而”；in nature无此搭配；in return“作为……的报答/交换”；in fact“实际上”，依据语义，应选择C项。
课堂巩固
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common in many parts of the city.
A.look B.sign
C.sight D.appearance
答案：C　本题考查名词辨析。句意为“在街上挂衣服在城市里许多地方很常见”。look意为“表情，样子”；sign意为“迹象”；sight意为“景象”；appearance意为“外表”，故选C。
2.The scenery was beautiful .
A.beyond expression B.under expression
C.in a rush D.on the rush
答案：A　本题是固定搭配题。句意为“景色美得无法形容”。beyond expression意为“无法用语言形容，无法表达”。
3.We were asked to see the manager.
A.take turns B.in turn
C.by turns D.out of turn
答案：B　本题考查有关turn的短语。句意为“我们依次被叫去见经理”。take turns意为“轮流”；in turn意为“依次”；by turns意为“轮流”；out of turn意为“不按次序”。
4.Is she old enough to herself yet?
A.dress B.put on
C.wear D.have on
答案：A　本题考查“穿”的表示方式。只有dress的宾语是人，故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
When I was about 12,I had an enemy,a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings.
Week by week her list grew: I was very thin; I wasn’t a good student;I talked too much; I was too proud and so on. I tried to bear all these things as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly,then he asked,“Are the things she said true or not? Janet, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re reallylike? Well, you now have that girl’s opinion. Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”
I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I discovered that about half of the things were true. Some of them I couldn’t change(like being very thin), but a good number I could and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I got a fairly clear picture of myself.
I brought the list back to Daddy. He refused to take it, “That’s just for you，”he said. “You know better than anyone else, the truth about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just closing your ears in anger and feeling hurt. When something said about you is true,you’ll find it will be of help to you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to other people’s opinions, but hear the truth and do what you know is the right thing to do.
Daddy’s advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life,I’ve never had a better piece of advice.”
文章大意：本文讲述的是作者听从父亲的建议，客观地对待一个“enemy”的指责，从而改正自己的缺点。
1.Which do you think would be the best title for this passage?
A.Not an Enemy,but a Best Friend
B.The Best Advice I’ve Ever Had
C.My Father
D.My Childhood
答案：B　全文最后一句是概括句，父亲给了自己一条最好的忠告。
2.What does“Week by week her list grew”mean?
A.Week by week, my shortcomings grew more serious.
B.She had made a list of my shortcomings and kept on adding new ones to it so that it was growing longer and longer.
C.I was having more and more shortcomings as time went on.
D.Week by week she discovered more shortcomings of mine and pointed them out.
答案：D　结合语境可知，D项为最佳答案。
3.Why did her father listen to her quietly?
A.Because he believed that what her daughter’s enemy said was mostly true.
B. Because he had been so angry with his daughter’s shortcomings that he wanted to show this by keeping silent for a while.
C.Because he knew that his daughter would not listen to him at that moment.
D.Because he wasn’t quite sure which girl was telling the truth.
答案：A　父亲耐心地倾听是因为他认为这些话大多是事实，这样会促使女儿发现自己的不足。
4.What did the father do after he heard his daughter’s complaint?
A.He told her not to pay any attention to what her “enemy” had said.
B.He criticized（批评）her and told her to overcome her shortcomings.
C.He told her to write down all that her“enemy”had said about her and pay attention only to the things that were true.
D.He refused to take the list and have a look at it.
答案：C　依据第二段的最后两句话知道，父亲建议女儿找出真实的缺点，不要理会不真实的。
B
Spiritual Intelligence Quotient
Our spiritual intelligence quotient (精神智商), or SQ,helps us understand ourselves and live a fuller, happier life.
While we’re all born with SQ, most of us don’t even realize that we have it. Fortunately, you don’t have to sign up for classes to learn how to improve your SQ. Here are some simple steps that can lead you to a new level of understanding.
Sit Quietly. The process of developing spiritual intelligence begins with solitude(独处) and silence. To tune in to your spirit, you have to turn down the volume (强度) in your busy, noisy and complicated life and force yourself to do nothing at all. In the car,instead of reading or doing something else, use the time to think. At work,shut the door of your office between meetings,take a few breaths and let them out very, very slowly. Enjoy the stillness in your home after the kids are finally in bed.
Step Outside.For many people,nature sets their spirit free. Go outside to watch a beautiful sunset. If you are walking with your dog, take the time to admire flowers in bloom; follow the flight of birds; watch clouds floating overhead.
Ask Questions to Yourself. Ask open ended questions,such as “What am I feeling?”“What are my choices?”or “Where am I heading?”But don’t expect an answer to arrive through some supernatural forms or e-mails. “Rarely do I get an immediate answer to my question,”says Reverend Joan Carter. I never considered a problem from a different perspective (角度) before.
Trust Your Spirit.While most of us rely on our gut feelings (直觉) to realize danger,spiritual intelligence pushes us towards some action that will lead to a greater good.
文章大意：鉴于精神智商可以帮助我们了解自己并使我们活得更充实、完美与幸福的事实，作者在文章中着重向读者介绍了四种提高并利用精神智商的方法。
5.The passage is mainly about .
A.what your SQ is and in what way it can benefit your life
B.what your SQ is and in what way it can be improved
C.the relationship between your SQ and your life
D.the advantages and disadvantages of SQ
答案：B　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段及整篇文章内容可知，全文始终围绕着精神智商以及如何提高精神智商展开。
6.The underlined phrase“tune in to your spirit”in the third paragraph probably means .
A.get your spirit relaxed
B.keep up your spirit
C.keep seated quietly
D.change your spirit
答案：A　词义推理题。第三段的主题是“Sit Quietly”，该段信息全都围绕“quietly”一词展开，文章说，发展精神智商的过程源于静寂和独处。因此，只有使自己与精神状态结合即放松自己才可以达到目的，故选A；keep up your spirit为“保持高昂的情绪”；keep seated quietly为“静坐着”；change your spirit为“改变你的精神”。
7.The author mentions the example of Reverend Joan Carter to show that .
A.there are no immediate answers to your questions
B.e-mails can’t keep working out a problem
C.the more questions you ask,the better answers you’ll get
D.changing your way of thinking might help you solve a problem
答案：D　细节题。文章第五段明确要求询问自己一些无限制的问题。但是不要期望通过某种超自然的形式或电子邮件得以解答这些问题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“I never considered a problem from a different perspective （角度）before.”可知，变换思考方式也许能够帮你解决问题。
8.From the passage,we can know that the most important thing to improve your SQ is .
A.a peaceful mind
B.deep thought
C.spare time and hobbies
D.good spirit
答案：A 综合题。根据语篇可知，提高我们的精神智商最重要的是要保持宁静的心境。
Section Ⅰ　EQ：IQ
重点词汇
1.pray vt. & vi.祈祷，祷告
①John was praying that no one had noticed his absence.
约翰正在祈祷没有人注意到他的缺席。
②She prayed to God to help her.她祈求上帝帮助她。
③We’re praying for a fine day.我们祈求一个好天气。
知识拓展
1)pray sb. for sth./to do sth. 恳求（某人）帮忙做（某事）
We pray you for mercy/to show mercy.
我们恳求你发慈悲。
2)pray that... 祈祷……
We prayed that she would recover earlier.
我们祈祷她能尽快康复。
即学即用
Robert fell from the ladder when he was repairing the roof of the house.His mother was
that he wouldn’t hurt seviously.
A.requiring B.requesting
C.praying D.begging
答案：C　根据句意罗勃特的妈妈正在祈祷他不要伤得太重，故用pray.
2.gifted adj.有才华的,有天赋的
①Federer is a gifted athlete.
费德勒是个有天赋的运动员。
②He is gifted in art.
他有艺术天赋。
知识拓展
gift n.赠品,礼物,天赋,才能
by free gift免费赠送
have a gift for对……有天赋
be gifted with天生具有……
①What will you give him as a birthday gift?
你将会送给他什么作为生日礼物？
②Jane has a gift for music.
珍妮极有音乐天赋。
注意：gifted=talented有天赋的;有才能的
gift作为“礼物”时，近义词为present；
作为“才能、天赋”时，近义词为talent。
词语辨析
gift,talent，genius
三个词都可表示“天才，才能”，gift是普通用语，着重指天生的才能，但不一定有创造力。talent语气较轻，着重指做某种工作的特殊才能。其中genius语气最强，指天生的高度智慧和创造才能，也指有天赋的人。
即学即用
He was with a good voice.
A.gifting B.gifted
C.given D.giving
答案：B句意：他天生拥有一副好嗓子。gift可作动词，意为“赋予”，be gifted with意为“被赋予……”，此处意思等同was born with“天生”；give有“给予”之意，但一般不与with连用。
3.description n.描述，形容
①I gave them a description of my car.
我给他们描述了一下我的汽车。
②I found the speech boring beyond description.
我发现演讲乏味得无法形容。
知识拓展
1)beyond description难以描述；无法形容
give a description描述
of all descriptions各种各样的；形形色色的
2）describe vt.描述，形容
①Several people described seeing strange lights in the sky.
好几个人都说看到天上出现了奇异光芒。
②Children were asked to look at the painting and describe what they saw.
孩子们被要求观看那幅画并描述他们所看到的东西。
即学即用
完成句子
作者开头先描写了那个地区。
The writer began with the area.
答案：a description of
4.predict vt.预言，预测
①Do you believe that he can predict a person’s future?
你相信他能预言一个人的未来吗？
②The fortune-teller predicted that my brother would marry a teacher.
算命先生预言我哥哥会娶一位教师。
③It is difficult to predict what the long-term effects of the accident will be.
很难预料这次事故会有什么长期影响。
知识拓展
prediction n. 预言，预测，预告
predictable adj. 可预料的，可预见的
predictive adj. 预测的，预言的
①Skilled readers make use of context and prediction.
阅读能力强的人会利用上下文及推测来理解文意。
②The ending of the TV play was entirely predictable.
那部电视剧的结局完全是可以预料的。
the predictive power of science 科学的预测能力
词语辨析
predict, forecast, foretell, foresee
这组词语均含有“预言，预测”的意思。
1)predict常指根据已知的事实或自然规则推断出未来的事情，可用于各种不同的场合。predict所做的预言有一定的科学性。
2)forecast强调“预报”，指通过分析一些相关的信息、数据来预测。
3)foretell意为“预言，预料”，着重宣布未来的事情，而不表明所预言的事情是否正确。
4)foresee强调“预见，预知”，与foretell基本同义。
a reliable method of predicting earthquakes 预报地震的可靠方法
①Snow is forecast for this Sunday.
预报这个星期天有雪。
②None of us can foretell what lies ahead.
我们谁都不能预知未来。
③We should have foreseen the trouble months ago.
我们几个月前就该预见到这一困难。
即学即用
The doctor that the patient would be walking again in a week.
A.forecasted B.previewed
C.predicted D.promised
答案：C本题考查动词辨析。题意为“医生预测病人一周后就能再行走”。forecast意为“预报”，主要用于预报天气；preview意为“预习”；predict意为“预言，预测”；promise意为“答应，许下诺言”。
5.deserve vt.应得，值得
①They deserve to be sent to prison.他们应该入狱。
②What have I done to deserve this?
我做了什么事应该得到这种待遇呢？
③These proposals deserve serious consideration.
这些提议值得认真考虑。
知识拓展
deserve to do sth.应该做某事
deserve attention/consideration值得注意/考虑
deserve it该得
get what sb.deserve（s）罪有应得
注意：deserve to be done=deserve doing，其中用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，该用法与need,require,want相同。
即学即用
Good work good pay.
A.deserves B.requests
C.deserts D.awards
答案：A本题考查动词辨析。句意为“好的工作应得到好的报酬”。deserve意为“应得，值得”；request意为“请求，要求”；desert意为“离开，放弃，抛弃”；award意为“授予 ，奖给”，故选A。
6.failure n.
(1)［U］失败
①The success or failure of the plan depends on you.
这项计划的成败取决于你。
②All my efforts ended in failure.
我的一切努力最后都无济于事。
(2)［C］失败的人/事
As a writer,he was a complete failure.
作为一名作家，他完全是一个失败者。
注意：failure表示抽象意义的“失败”时为不可数名词；表示具体的“失败的人或事；失败的尝试；不及格者”时为可数名词。类似用法的名词还有success,convenience,surprise,
difficulty,help,business,beauty等。
知识拓展
1)end in failure=meet with failure终归失败
2)failure为名词时，还表示“衰竭，减退，故障；没做到”
heart failure 心力衰竭
failure of eyesight 视力减退
failure of the crops 粮食的歉收
the failure of electricity supplies 停电
failure to do sth. 忽略或忘记做某事
3)fail v. 失败,不及格,忘记
fail in 在做某事方面失败
fail to do 未能做某事,忘记做某事
①She failed to get into the art college.
她未能进入艺术学院。
②He is a failed writer.
他是一名不成功的作家。
即学即用
The medical reform in that country turned out to be failure,but as we know,success often comes after failure.
A.a;the B.a;/
C.a;a D./;/
答案：B第一个空表示“一件失败的事”是可数名词用“a”;第二个空表示抽象概念“失败”是不可数名词，与“成功”相对应，其前不用冠词.
7.mistaken adj.错误的
①You are completely mistaken about John.
你对约翰的看法完全错了。
②You were mistaken in believing him innocent.
你错了，竟然相信他是清白的。
③The teacher has a mistaken opinion of this pupil.
老师对这个学生的看法不正确。
知识拓展
be mistaken about sth.对某事持错误的见解
be mistaken in doing sth.做某事是错误的
注意：mistaken用做形容词，在句中作表语或前置定语。
词语辨析
mistaken,wrong,false
1)mistaken侧重指因理解或认识方面的误解而弄错。
2)wrong指行为或事件错误。
3)false指由于虚假而错误。
即学即用
用mistaken,wrong,false填空
(1)You’ve spelt my name .
(2)The rumor of a petrol shortage turned out to be a alarm.
(3)I told her my secret in the belief that I could trust her.
答案：(1)wrong　(2)false　(3)mistaken
8.association n.
1）联想；协会
①The town is full of associations with the artist’s life.
这个城镇处处令人联想起那位艺术家的一生。
②The book was published in association with British Heritage.
这本书是与英国传统出版社联合出版的。
③My father was the president of the Dental Association.
我父亲是牙医协会的会长。
2)联合，合伙，交往
association with sb. 与某人交往
She became famous through her association with several poets.
她通过与几位诗人交往而出名了。
知识拓展
associate
1）vt. 联想，联系
I always associate the smelling of baking with my childhood.
一闻到烘烤食物的味道，我就想起了童年。
2）vi. 交往
I don’t like you associating with those people.
我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。
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They are building the dam in with another firm.
A.comparison B.association
C.touch D.concentration
答案：B句意：他们正在和另外一家公司合作修建这座大坝。in association with表示“与……合伙/合作”。
9.possibility n. 可能性；［C］可能的事
①The possibility of breaking the world record never occurred to him.
他从来没想到有可能打破世界记录。
②There is now no possibility that she will make a full recovery.
她现在已不可能完全恢复。
③What are the possibilities?
有哪些可能发生的情况？
知识拓展
1)possible adj. 可能的；可接受的；合理的
①It is possible for us to finish the task in two days.
我们两天之内完成这项工作任务是可能的。
②It is a possible solution.
这是个合理的解决方法。
2)possibly adv. 可能，也许
Possibly he was telling the truth.
也许他说的是事实。
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—Is there any that we will see you this weekend?
—Yes,I will arrive before Friday.
A.doubt B.wonder
C.possibility D.difficulty
答案：C根据句意“我们本周末能见到你吗？”表示可能性，故用C.
10.entirely adv. 完全地
①I agree with you entirely.
我完全同意你的意见。
②His work was not entirely satisfactory.
他的工作并非完全令人满意。
知识拓展
entire adj.
1)整个的，全部的
an entire day 一整天
2)完全的
I was entire ignorance of the matter.
我全然不知此事。
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完成句子
这个雕塑完全是用旧汽车轮胎做成的。
The sculpture is made old car tires.
答案：entirely of
11.accuse vt.
1）指控，控告（+of）
①The police accused him of murder.
警方指控他谋杀。
②She was accused of taking bribes.
她被控告受贿。
2）指责，把……归咎（于）
Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.
人类常把自己的不幸归咎于上天。
词语辨析
accuse，charge
这两个动词均有“指控”； “谴责”之意。区别如下：
accuse
普通用词，正式或非正式场合，私人或法律上均可使用。被指控的情节可轻可重。
常与介词of搭配使用。
charge
多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。
常与介词with搭配使用。
①He accused me of taking the money.
他指责我拿了钱。
②They were charged with receiving stolen goods.
他们被指控接受赃物。
即学即用
The manager one of the hotel servants of stealing the money.
A.denounced B.complained
C.accused D.charged
答案：C aceuse常与of连用，表示“指控或指责某人有罪或有错”；denounce“公开指责或向当局告发”；complain“抱怨”；charge“起诉”，用法为charge sb.with sth.或后接that-clause。
重点短语
1.find out查明，发现，了解
①I haven’t found anything out about him yet.
我还没有发现有关他的任何情况。
②They’ve found out a new method.
他们找到了一种新方法。
③Try to find out the cause of the accident.
设法找出事故发生的原因。
词语辨析
find,find out,look for
1)find多指偶然发现，碰到（强调一种客观结果，后可接名词复合结构或that从句）。
I found a ￡5 note on the pavement.
我在人行道上捡到了一张5英镑的钞票。
2)find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相，主要是主观有意识的动作。
Can you find out what time the train leaves?
你能查出火车什么时候开吗？
3)look for通常是寻找具体的事物。
Have you found the book you have been looking for?
你找到了那本你一直在找的书吗？
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（1）They tried to keep it in secret.You cannot the truth no matter what you do.
A.discover B.find out
C.see D.find
答案：B本题考查词义辨析。题意表明“无论怎样努力，真相都不会被查出”，因此要选表示“查明”之意的词。discover是指“发现了埋着的东西”，不具有“有意去查明真相”的意义；see是指“看到什么；明白什么”之意；find意为“找到了”。
（2）—What should I do with this passage?
— the main idea of each paragraph.
A.Finding out B.Found out
C.Find out D.To find out
答案：C由上句可知，说话者在问对方的意见，故对方直接给予了命令或指示：找出每段的中心大意。
2.come up with赶上；想出（主意，计划等）,找出（答案）
①We shall have to work hard to come up with them.
我们要努力工作，以赶上他们。
②I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.
我希望你能想出比这个更好的计划。
知识拓展
come on 跟随；进行，发展；来吧，走吧；加油
come out 出版；开花
come along(with)随同
come about 发生
come across 偶遇
come into being 产生
come up to 达到，符合
come up 走近；发芽；发生；升起；提出
高考直击
(2011·安徽)If you faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon
解析：考查动词短语。句意：如果你发现自行车有缺陷但你仍然想要买这辆自行车，就要求店员降低价格。A项意为“偶然发现，遇到”；B项意为“关心”；C项意为“寻找”；D项意为“集中于”。
答案：A
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He couldn’t an answer when I asked him why he was late.
A.come up with B.come up to
C.come out with D.come through
答案：A句意：我问他为什么迟到，他答不上来。come up with意为“想出，找到”；come up to意为“不亚于，达到”；come out with意为“说出（尤指让人吃惊或粗鲁的话）”come through意为“（重病后）康复”。
3.talk sb.into doing sth.劝服某人做某事
①The boy talked his mother into buying him a home computer.
这男孩说服了他母亲给他买一台家用电脑。
②She talked me into buying her car.
她说服我买了她的汽车。
知识拓展
1)talk sb. into(doing)sth.
persuade sb. into(doing)sth.
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
talk sb. out of doing sth.
persuade sb. out of(doing) sth.
persuade sb. not to do sth.
2)talk one’s way out of 以话语解围；通过交谈摆脱（困难）
talk back to 顶嘴
talk down to(以高人一等的态度和别人)讲话
talk of 谈及
talk to oneself 自言自语
talk over 详谈；商谈
即学即用
I finally my father into giving up smoking.
A.suggested B.advised
C.talked D.ordered
答案：C本题考查词义辨析。句意：我最后说服爸爸戒了烟。talk sb.into doing sth.相当于persuade sb.into doing sth.意为“说服某人做某事”。
4.draw up 起草
①They drew up a list of candidates.
他们草拟了一份候选人的名单。
②I will draw up a scheme of it for you.
我将为你草拟这件事的计划。
③It does not need a lawyer to draw up any document.
不需要律师起草任何文件。
知识拓展
draw sb. up 使(某人)神气地站立；挺直身体
draw aside 拉到一边
draw away(from) 从……移开，拉开
draw back 退回，退却
draw in 渐短，变短
draw near(on) 临近
draw down拉下，吸引
draw sth.out延长，拖延
即学即用
As he was getting worse and worse,he asked his lawyer to a will,leaving all his property to his grandson.
A.take up B.call up
C.draw up D.turn up
答案：C draw up意为“起草”；draw up a will“起草一份遗书”，符合题意。take up“占据”;call up“打电话”;turn up“出现”。
5.come to mind 突然想起某事
①When discussing influential modern artists, three names immediately come to mind.
在讨论现代有影响的艺术家时，一下子有三个名字出现在脑海中。
②We need someone to look after the kids, and your name comes to mind.
我们需要有个人照看孩子，并且一下子就想到了你。
知识拓展
“（某人）突然记起/想起某事”的常用结构：
sth. cross one’s mind
sth. come to mind
sth. occur to sb.
sth. strike sb.
It occurs to sb. that...
It comes to one’s mind that...
It crosses one’s mind that...
It strikes sb. that...
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完成句子
那个标题就是想不起来。
The title just .
答案：won’t come to mind
6.end up结果为……，以……结束（尤指意料之外的）
①At first they didn’t like each other,but they ended up becoming good friends.
他们起初互不喜欢，到后来却成了好朋友。
②If you go on like this you’ll end up in prison.
如果你继续这样，早晚得进监狱。
知识拓展
1）end up with 用……来结尾（反义短语begin/start with）
end up doing+n. 最后以……结束
end up in 以……（状况）而告终
end up as 最后成了……
①At the dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.
正餐我们通常先喝汤最后吃水果。
②As a child she wished to be an actress, but she ended up(as)a teacher.
小时候她想当演员，可结果却当了老师。
2）end in...以……为结果，以……告终
at the end of在……的尽头
in the end 最后，终于
make(both)ends meet使收支相抵，勉强维持生计
come to an end结束
高考直击
（2010·天津）Joining the firm as a clerk.he got rapid promotion,and as a manager.
A.ended up B.dropped out
C.came back D.started off
解析：句意：作为一名秘书加入该公司，他得到了快速提升，最后当了经理。end up“以……结束”；drop out“缀学”；come back“回来”；start off“开始旅行，以……开始，迅速跑开”。根据句意，A项正确。
答案:A
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The meeting began 7 o’clock, and ended up a speech by Mrs. Black.
A.at; with B.with; at
C.with; with D.at; at
答案:A句意:会议在七点钟开始,以布莱克夫人的演讲结束。end up with“以……结束”。
7.in terms of就……而言；在……方面
①The job is great in terms of salary,but it has disadvantages.
就薪水而言，这个工作倒是挺不错，但也有一些不利之处。
②The decision is disastrous in political terms.
从政治上来看，这个决定是灾难性的。
③In terms of money,he’s quite rich,but not in terms of happiness.
就钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。
知识拓展
in the long term从长远来看
in the short term从眼前来看
make terms达成协议
on good(friendly) terms with sb.与某人交情很好
on bad terms with sb.与某人交情不好
come to terms 达成协议，让步，屈服
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I’m good terms Mary and she is my good friend.
A.on; / B./; with
C.on; with D.with; on
答案:C句意为：我和玛丽关系很好，她是我的好朋友。be on good terms with sb.“与某人关系很好”。
难点解析
1.Hold a meeting, encouraging the group to say whatever comes to mind.
举行一次会议，鼓励小组成员说出他们所想到的。
1)encouraging the group... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
①“We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob, looking out of the window.
“这样的天气我们不能外出，”鲍勃说时看着窗外。
②He often sits there alone in his room, listening to music for hours.
他常独自坐在房间内听音乐，一听就是几个小时。
注意：encourage sb.(to do sth.) 鼓励某人（做某事）
encourage sb. in sth. 助长某人的……
My friend encouraged me to apply for the job.
我的朋友鼓励我去申请那份工作。
知识拓展
encouragement n.鼓舞，激励
encouraging adj.振奋人心的，激励的
discourage vt.使灰心，使泄气
courage n.勇气，胆量
2)句中whatever comes to mind是一个宾语从句，作动词say的宾语。whatever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。
①Whatever he did has nothing to do with you.
他所干的一切都与你无关。（whatever引导主语从句）
②Don’t change your plans, whatever happens.
不管发生什么都不要改变你的计划。（whatever引导让步状语从句）
高考直击
（1）(2011·辽宁) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A.Gather B.To gather
C.Gathering D.To be gathering
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：聚集在篝火周围，旅游的人和当地人一起跳起了舞。根据句子结构可知，此处是现在分词作伴随状语，表示“gather”与“dance”这两动作同时发生。而不定式在句中作目的状语，不合语境。
答案：C
(2)（2010·北京） at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A.Looking B.Look
C.To look D.Looked
解析：题意：当我看同学们的脸时，我从他们的眼神上看出了同样的激动。本题考查现在分词作状语的用法。looking at my classmates’ faces 相当于一个由when 引导的时间状语从句；B项仅作为一祈使句使用；C项表将来与句意不符；D项表示的时间与整个语境不符。
答案：A
(3)（2010·重庆）To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.
A.whoever B.who
C.whichever D.which
解析：本题考查名词性从句的引导词。从本句的语境来看，引导词需要做动词asked的宾语，还要做从句中had used动词的主语，且表示具体的人，故选A，同：anyone that。本句的句意是：为了提高我们的产品的质量，我们向任何用过我们产品的人征求了建议。
答案：A
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（1）When we visited my old family home, memory came back.
A.flooding B.to flood
C.flood D.flooded
答案：A解析：考查伴随状语用法。flood“使大受感动；充满”。flooding back 做伴随状语，句意为：当我们回到老家时，往事涌上心头。
（2）She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.
A.whichever B.however
C.whatever D.whoever
答案：C本题考查whatever的特殊用法。Whatever在句中既做takes的宾语，又引导名词性从句做do的宾语。
2.Even if they never see their results, they feel that their IQ is what determines how well they are going to do in life.
即使永远看不到自己的检测结果，他们仍然感觉到自己的智商决定了将来在生活中的发展状况。
这是一个多重复合句,even if引导的是让步状语从句，在主句中又含有that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中含有what引导的表语从句；表语从句中含有how引导的宾语从句。
even if=even though是连词词组，用来引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，即使”。
①I’ll help you, even if I don’t sleep for a night.
即使我一夜不睡觉，我也要帮助你。
②Even if you don’t like wine, try a glass of this!
即使你不喜欢酒，也不妨试试这一种。
注意：若主句与从句都表示将来情况，even if从句可用一般现在时代替将来时。
Even if I leave now, it’ll be too late.
即使我现在出发，也已经太晚了。
知识拓展
as if/though好像，似乎，仿佛
①He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得好像什么也没发生过似的。
②It sounds as though you had a good time.
听起来你好像过得挺愉快。
高考直击
（1）（2010·安徽）The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities,
they have the interest.
A.wherever B.whenever
C.even if D.as if
解析：题意：这些工程师太忙了，以至于即使他们有兴趣，也没有时间参加户外活动。even if是“即使”的意思，符合句意。
答案：C
（2）（2010·湖南）Tim is in good shape physically he doesn’t get much exercise.
A.if B.even though
C.unless D.as long as
解析：句意：即使Tim不大锻炼，他的体型也很好。even though“即使”，引导让步状语从句;as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
答案：B
即学即用
The government should protect the old valuable buildings they are not in harmony with the modern ones nearby.
A.even though B.as if
C.so that D.now that
答案：A句意为：虽然这些古建筑与附近现代化建筑物不协调，但政府有必要保护它们。只有even though“即使，尽管”表示让步的意义。
3.However,new research into EQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ.
然而，对情商的最新研究表明成功并不仅仅是高智商的结果。
1)句中however是副词，表示“然而，但是”，可以置于句首、句末或句中，而且前后用逗号隔开。
We thought the figures were correct.However,we have now discovered some errors.
我们原认为这些数据是正确的。不过我们现在发现了一些错误。
2）句中research是不可数名词，意为“研究，调查，探索”，常与介词into或on搭配。
He has carried out extensive research into renewable energy sources.
他已经对再生能源进行了广泛研究。
知识拓展
research v.研究，调查，探讨
The writer is in Hong Kong researching his new book.
那位作家在香港为他的新书搜集材料。
3）句中动词suggest表示“表明，显示，暗示”，此时其后面的that引导的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
All the evidence suggests（that）he stole the money.
所有证据都表明是他偷了这笔钱。
知识拓展
suggest vt.建议，提议，推荐
suggest doing sth.建议干某事
suggest 引导宾语从句时谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可省略。
suggestion n.建议；其后面的同位语从句及表语从句中谓语动词也用虚拟语气，should可省略。
at/on sb.’s suggestion在某人的提议下
①The doctor suggests that he(should) give up smoking.
医生建议他戒烟。
②He made the suggestion that we go by train.
他建议我们坐火车去。
高考直击
(2011·四川)—What a mistake!
—Yes.I his doing it another way, but without success.
A.was suggesting B.will suggest
C.would suggest D.had suggested
解析：本题考查动词的时态。句意：——多么严重的错误！——是呀。我早就建议他再做一遍，可他不听。既然错误都已经犯了，而建议的动作该是在此之前，即过去完成时态。
答案：D
即学即用
Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A.having held B.to hold
C.holding D.hold
答案：C句意为：比尔建议在假期中召开一个有关上海世博会事宜的会议。suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”。
4.At work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.
在职场上，你的智商决定了你能否被录用，而情商则决定了你能否得到提拔。
1）句中It is...that...为强调结构，此句中含有两个强调句，都是对主语“IQ”和“EQ”进行强调的。
其基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”；一般疑问结构是“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”；特殊疑问结构是“who/what/when/where/why/how+is/was it+that+剩余部分”。本结构中，it无意义；若原句时态为现在或将来时态，be用is的形式，若原句时态为过去时态，则be用was的形式。
今天早上我在街上碰见了约翰。
I saw John in the street this morning.
→It was I who/that saw John in the street this morning.
（强调主语）
→It was John that/whom I saw in the street this morning.
（强调宾语）
→It was in the street that I saw John this morning.
（强调地点状语）
→It was this morning that I saw John in the street.
(强调时间状语)
注意：（1）强调主语时,that/who的谓语与主语保持一致。
（2）强调句型与主语从句的区别。主语从句中it is/was后通常用名词或形容词作表语，而强调句中it is/was是主语、宾语或状语的强调。
（3）强调句型与it开头含有定语从句或状语从句的复合句的区别是：强调句型可以还原，但定语从句或状语从句不能还原；强调句型中it仅起引导词的作用，无实际含义。而it开头含有定语从句或状语从句中的it是代词，可能代指时间，也可能代指地点、距离、天气等，视情况而定。
比较：
It was on Oct.1,1949 that new China was founded.
(强调句)
It was Oct.1,1949 when new China was founded.
(定语从句)
It’s known that new China was founded on Oct.1,1949.
（主语从句）
2)句中get you hired表示“使你被录用”。get sth. done表示“使某事被做”，过去分词作宾语补足语，且与宾语是被动关系。
I must get my hair cut.
我得理发了。
知识拓展
get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事（同have sb. do sth.）
get sth. doing 使某物处在某种状态中
①He got his friends to help him with the work.
他让他的朋友们帮助他完成这项工作。
②Can you really get that car going again?
你真能让那辆汽车再跑起来吗？
高考直击
(1)(2011·重庆)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.
A.that B.where
C.when D.which
解析：本题考查强调句型。句意：“你看过电影《山楂树之恋》吗？当然看过，就在我们的村庄拍摄的。其结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其余部分。此处强调地点状语。
答案：A
（2）（2010·湖南）John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work
has made him what he is today.
A.why B.when
C.which D.that
解析：句意：约翰的成功与运气没有关系。正是多年的艰苦劳动才使他成为今天的他。本题考查强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that...”。
答案：D
（3）（2010·辽宁）Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles.
A.to recognize B.recognizing
C.recognize D.recognized
解析：题意：亚历山大设法使得他的工作在医学圈里得到承认。本题考查get sth. done结构，故D项正确。
答案：D
即学即用
—I’ve read another book this week.
—Well, maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A.this B.that
C.there D.it
答案：D考查强调句。强调句结构为“it is/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分”。句意：——我这一周又读了一本书。——嗯，也许重要的不在于读得多少而在于读的什么。
5.It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
人们通常认为高情商的人易于接受新观点并且对生活持积极态度。
这是一个it作形式主语的句子，真正主语是that所引导的从句。
本句可以改写为：That people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life is generally believed.
也可以是：They/People generally believe that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
在英语中，当要表达“据说/据认为/据报道/据宣布/据建议……”含义时，我们常可以使用It is said/believed/reported/announced/suggested that...这样的句型。
①It is believed that he is coming.
=He is believed to be coming.
人们相信他会来。
②It is supposed that the son murdered the father on purpose.
=The son is supposed to murder the father on purpose.
人们推测是儿子故意谋杀了父亲。
③It is reported that a new hospital will be built here.
=A new hospital is reported to be built here.
据报道，这里将建一座新的医院。
知识拓展
当主句的谓语动词是表示“建议，命令或要求”的suggest, order, command, advise等动词时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式是“should+动词原形”，should常可以省略。
①It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.
=They suggest that the meeting(should)be put off.
据建议，会议应该推迟。
②It was ordered that we(should)arrive there in two hours.
=They ordered that we(should)arrive there in two hours.
据命令，我们应该在两小时内到达那里。
高考直击
(2011·新课标全国卷)It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
A.a;a B.a;the
C.the;the D.a;不填
解析：本题考查冠词的用法。句意：普遍认为男孩子要学会担当，要像男人一样的战斗。此处这两个空都是表示类别，可数名词前加a，表示“一类”。
答案：A
即学即用
It is often that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
A.said B.to say
C.saying D.being said
解析：本题题意：人们常说，人天生就会说话。It is said that…为固定结构，表示“据说……”。例如：It is often said that one could not teach one’s own child. 人们常常说自己的孩子最难教。
答案：A
6.They are also less likely to be troubled by problems. On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus they have a harder time surviving in life.
他们也较少被问题所困扰。另一方面，毫无疑问的是低情商的人经常在与别人相处和处理困难形势时有问题，因此会生活得比较艰难。
1)likely adj. 有可能的；合适的 adv. 或许
①This is a likely story.
这是个有可能发生的故事。
②This is a likely place to fish(for fishing).
这是个适合钓鱼的地方。
③Most likely she is over thirty.
她很可能已过三十岁了。
知识拓展
1)be likely to do sth. 可能会
It is likely to rain tonight.
今晚可能会下雨。
2)It is likely that...可能会……
It is likely that he will be late.(=He is likely to be late.)
他可能会迟到。
词语辨析
likely,possible,probable
这三个词都有“可能”的意思，其区别是：
1)likely表示“很可能”，大体上和probable同义，但比probable可能性小。likely之后常跟不定式，即be likely to do sth.，其主语是人或事。
2)possible表示的可能性比likely小，常用于句型It is possible（for sb.）to do sth.。
3）probable 的可能性最大，常用于句型It is probable that...。
4)这三个词共同之处是都可用于下列句型It is likely/possible/probable that...中。It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句是句子的真正主语。
我们有可能讨论这个问题。
We are likely to discuss the question.
It is possible for us to discuss the question.
It is likely/possible/probable that we will discuss the question.
2)on(the) one hand...,on the other hand
“一方面……，另一方面……”常表示相矛盾的两个方面。
On (the) one hand,the hotel is near the sea,but on the other hand it costs a lot.
一方面是旅馆靠海，可是另一方面是价钱太贵。
3)There’s little/no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There’s no doubt that he can finish the work on time.
毫无疑问他能按时完成这项工作。
知识拓展
doubt用作动词时，其后常接名词、代词以及从句作宾语。在肯定句中，其后常接whether或if引导的宾语从句；在否定句或疑问句中，其后常接that从句。其搭配有：
I don’t doubt that...我不怀疑……
I doubt whether(if)... 我怀疑是否……
I doubt sth. 我怀疑某事
①I doubt if/whether he’ll succeed.
我怀疑他是否能成功。
②I don’t doubt that he’ll be successful.
我对他的成功毫不怀疑。
③Do you doubt that he’ll be successful?
你对他的成功表示怀疑吗？
高考直击
（2010·陕西）Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A.likely B.possible
C.probable D.sure
解析：句意：研究表明如果人们长时间坐在电脑屏幕前，他们更可能遭受一些背部问题。A、B、C三个选项中只有likely 的主语可以是人；而D项sure 不符合句意。
答案：A
即学即用
（1）A senior firefighter said it was that the fire,which broke out at midnight,was caused by someone on purpose.
A.possible B.likely
C.probably D.obviously
答案：B句意为：一名高级消防员说半夜发生的火灾有可能是有人故意放的。It is likely that...是固定句型，“有可能……”。
（2）There is no doubt he is the best man for the job.
A.whether B.that
C.on D.if
答案：B此处doubt为名词，前面有否定词no，所以后面应接that。句意为：毫无疑问，他是担任这项工作的最适当的人选。
（3）I would like a job which pays more,but I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A.in other words B.on the other hand
C.for one thing D.as a matter of fact
答案：B本题考查介词短语的用法。in other words“换句话说”；on the other hand“另一方面”；for one thing“一则”，常与for another(thing)连用，意为“再则”;as a matter of fact=in fact“事实上”。根据句意，B项正确。
7.They also showed a better understanding of the disabled students’ feelings compared to students who had not been involved in the study.
同其他没有参加研究的学生相比，他们更能理解残疾学生的情感。
1)句中compared to表示“和……相比较”，也可用compared with替换。
Compared with/to many people,she was indeed lucky.
和许多人比起来她确实是幸运的。
知识拓展
compare A with B把A与B相比较
compare A to B把A比作B
by/in comparison(with...)(与……)相比较
①Please don’t always compare me with others.
请不要总是把我和别人相比。
②Children are often compared to flowers.
儿童经常被比作花朵。
2）句中be involved in表示“参加，参与”。
Parents should be involved in their children’s education.
父母应当参与孩子们的教育。
知识拓展
（1）be/get involved in涉及,牵涉
How many vehicles were involved in the crash?
这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？
（2）involve doing sth.包括做某事
involve sb.in(doing) sth.使某人参与（做）某事
①The test involved answering questions about a photo.
这次考试包括了回答一些关于一张照片的问题。
②We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations.
我们希望参加庆典的人数越多越好。
高考直击
（2011·江苏）Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A.compared B.comparing
C.compares D.being compared
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：近来一个比较同一商品在不同超市的价格的调查在市民中引起了热烈的讨论。分析结构可知，主语survey与compare之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语，B项正确。
答案：B
即学即用
Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, with his old one.
A.comparing B.compares
C.to compare D.compared
答案：D考查非谓语动词与固定搭配。表达“与……相比”，应用compared to/with。
8.To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible.
在世界上获得成功并快乐地生活意味着能够与其他人很好地相处，能够理解形势并以最好的方式作出反应。
1)本句主语为动词不定式短语“To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life...”句中短语get ahead表示“胜过，走在……前面”。
He soon got ahead of the others in his class.
他很快就在他的班上名列前茅了。
2)句中动词mean后跟v.-ing形式表示“意味着……”，而mean to do sth.则表示“打算干某事”。
①I didn’t mean you to read the letter.
我没打算让你看那封信。
②Accepting the job means living abroad.
接受这份工作就意味着在国外居住。
知识拓展
英语中有些如mean的动词，既可跟动名词作宾语，也可跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同，要特别注意。常用的动词或词组见下表。
动词或词组
宾语
意义
remember
to do sth.
记得去做某事
doing sth.
记得曾做过某事
forget
to do sth.
忘记去做某事
doing sth.
忘记曾做过某事
regret
to do sth
遗憾的去做某事
doing sth.
后悔做过某事
stop
to do sth.
停下来去做另一件事
doing sth.
停止正在做的事
try
to do sth.
尽力/试图做某事
doing sth.
试着做某事
go on
to do sth.
（做完某事）接着做另一件事
doing sth.
继续做同一件事
即学即用
（1）In some parts of London,missing a bus means for another hour.
A.waiting B.to wait
C.wait D.to be waiting
答案：A本题考查动名词作宾语的用法。mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”；mean doing表示“意味着……”。句意为“在伦敦的一些地区，错过一班公共汽车意味着要再等上一个小时”。根据题意，应选A。
（2）I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A.to take B.to be taken
C.taking D.being taken
答案：D考查非谓语动词。句意为：我仍然记得曾被带去过法门寺，而且还记得我在那里所看到的一切。I与take是被动关系，排除选项A和C。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”；remember to do sth.“记住去做某事”；根据句意，选D。
课堂巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He (控告)the boss of having broken his word.
2.She (预测)that he would make a lot of money.
3.Many road accident deaths happen before the （紧急情况）service arrives.
4.It’s a theoretical （可能性）,but I don’t suppose it will happen.
5.I think I am not (错误的)in saying that those are the names which my brother mentioned.
6.The students return in September for the start of the new a year.
7.Her mother is g in making guests feel at home.
8.You d a reward for being so helpful.
9.I hope you can draw some useful lessons from the f of others.
10.This event was organized in a with the Sports Council.
答案：1.accused　2.predicted　3.emergency　4.possibility　5.mistaken　6.academic
7.gifted　8.deserve　9.failure　10.association
Ⅱ.短语互译
1.deserve consideration
2.pray for...
3.give a description
4.指控某人（做）某事
5.起草
6.与……合伙/合作
答案：1.值得考虑 2.为……祈祷 3.描述 4.accuse sb.of(doing)sth.
5.draw up 6.in association with...
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.我认为你对你的职责持错误的见解。
I think you your duty.
2.那位妇女将在法庭上指控那位男子违反交通规则。
The woman will the man traffic rules at the court.
3. 西湖美得难以描述。
The West Lake is beautiful .
4.指定了一个委员会来起草新章程。
A committee was appointed to a new constitution.
5.他很有语言天赋，而他的姐姐是一个有天赋的钢琴家。
He has a great gift for language,while his sister is .
6.老师要求同学们用所给的单词填空。
The teacher asked the students to fill in the blanks with .
答案：1.are mistaken about　2.accuse,of breaking　3.beyond description　4.draw up　
5.a gifted pianist　6.the words given
Ⅳ.课文概述
熟读课文并完成填空练习（每空限填一词）
Nowadays many students believe that their IQ is what 　1　 how well they are going to do in life.If their classmates do better in study than them,they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and they can do　2　to change the facts.However,experts have different opinions.
Professor Salovey,who invented the term EQ says that at work it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you　3　.His conclusion may be correct.Sometimes,some of the smartest classmates,who we think 　4　 good grades,sometimes end up failing exams.Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ.People are often 　5　 in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.
People generally believe that a person’s IQ is determined by 　6　.However,most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with 　7　.So some are trying to study the 　8　 of improving a person’s EQ.To get ahead in the world and lead a happy life 　9　 getting on with others and being able to understand and react to the situations in the best way possible .This
　10　 a higher EQ—the higher，the better.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.determines　2.nothing　3.promoted　4.deserve　5.mistaken　6.birth　7.education　8.possibility　9.means　10.requires
课后强化作业
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.（2011·江苏）The fact that so many people still smoke in public places that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A.suggest B.suggests
C.suggested D.suggesting
答案：B本题考查谓语动词。句意：如此多的人仍旧在公共场所吸烟的事实表明我们需要一次全国范围内的活动来提升人们对吸烟的危害的认识。分析结构可知，空白处为谓语动词，并且主语为the fact，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，故B项正确。
2.Alice trusts you; only you can her to give up the foolish idea.
A.suggest B.attract
C.tempt D.persuade
答案：D本题考查动词辨析。句意为“艾丽斯信任你。只有你能说服她放弃这种愚蠢的想法”。suggest one’s doing意为“建议某人做……”；attract sb. to do sth.意为“吸引某人做某事”；tempt sb. to do sth.意为“引诱某人做某事”；persuade sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”。
3. you say so, I don’t believe it.
A.As if B.If
C.Because D.Even though
答案：D本题考查让步状语从句。句意为“即使你这么说，我也不会相信”。as if意为“好像”；if意为“如果”；because意为“因为”；even though意为“即使”。
4.It is what you do rather than what you say matters.
A.that B.what
C.which D.this
答案：A本题考查强调句型。被强调部分为主语从句。
5.If you do wrong, you punishment.
A.require B.demand
C.deserve D.deceive
答案：C本题考查动词辨析。require意为“请求，要求”；demand意为“要求”；deserve意为“值得，应受”；deceive意为“欺骗”。
6.There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means
trouble.
A.making B.to make
C.to have made D.having made
答案：B本题考查mean的用法。句意为“服务台那里有个人，看上去气呼呼的，我想他是存心要找麻烦”。mean to do sth.意为“有意做某事；存心做某事”。
7.They him of his dishonesty.
A.accused B.charged
C.scolded D.considered
答案：A本题考查动词辨析。accuse和of连用，表示直接而尖锐地指控或指责某人有罪或有错；charge指某人的行为触犯法律，正式向司法部门提出起诉，一般用于重大错误或罪行，常用charge sb. with sth.结构；scold意为“责备”；consider意为“考虑”；均不符合题意，故选A。
8.It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.
A.however B.whatever
C.whichever D.whenever
答案：B句中的wants为及物动词，其后缺宾语；whatever既引导宾语从句，又作wants的宾语。
9.The writer is working on a book the history of social development.
A.dealt in B.dealt with
C.dealing in D.dealing with
答案：D句意：这位作家正在写一本有关社会发展史的书。deal in意为“经营，买卖”；deal with意为“有关，论及”，且与a book构成主谓关系。
10.—Do you doubt we’ll see the film this afternoon?
—No, our monitor will get the tickets.
A.whether; I have a doubt whether
B.if; I have some doubt if
C.that; I have no doubt that
D.of; no doubt that
答案：C do you doubt以问句形式出现，后接that引导宾语从句；答语先以no回答，意思是“我不怀疑”，后接that引导的从句。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I used to be a shy girl who never joined in any activities.When　 1　 invited me,I always
　2　　and said,“I am only a small potato.I don’t want to be the center of 3 .”Even in class when the teacher questioned us I never 4 my hand because I 5 that others might laugh at me if I made a mistake.
But everything changed after I joined my class debating(辩论)team.I didn’t want to join at first,for I was afraid to talk in front of a big 6 .However,my good friend tried to 7
me to go.She said,“I think you should break out of your shyness,otherwise it will be hard for you to ８ in this society.”
She was right.I was always so shy that I missed many 9 .In fact,I used to have a beautiful 10 that one day I would become a news broadcaster,but I knew it was unlikely because of my shyness.
I thought for a long time and then I decided to have a go.How 11 I was！I felt I had made the first step in 12 my cowardice(胆怯).I 13 late at night to prepare for the coming debate.But the first debate was not what I had 14 .I was so 15 when I went to my seat.I dared not look at the audience and 16 .I shook like a leaf because I felt as if all the people were 17 me.I was so nervous that I nearly forgot what I had to say.My three teammates had the same 18 .We failed in the first debate.
But our teachers and classmates didn’t blame us.They said,“You did very well, 19 this is your first time.”In the second competition,I 20 my attention on the subject of the debate.I operated well with my team members and we succeeded!We won the warmest applause from the audience and the judges!
1.A.anyone B.everyone
C.someone D.nobody
答案：C此处泛指“某个人”，且在肯定句中，故用someone。
2.A.refused B.disagreed
C.quarreled D.argued
答案：A由该空后作者所说的话可知，她“拒绝”了邀请，故选refused。disagree“不同意”;quarrel“吵架”；argue“争论”。
3.A.laugh B.attention
C.joke D.trick
答案：B由常识可知，害羞、内向的人不喜欢成为大家关注的中心。作者就是这样的一个人。attention“注意，关注”。
4.A.rose B.lifted
C.raised D.took
答案：C作者的害羞使她上课时也不举手回答老师提出的问题。raise one’s hand“举手”。
5.A.frightened B.thought
C.believed D.worried
答案：D作者不举手回答问题的原因是担心自己一旦犯错误就会被嘲笑。worry“使担忧，使担心”；frighten“使惊恐，恐吓”；think“想，认为”；believe“相信”.
6.A.number B.crowd
C.team D.scene
答案：B由常识可知，参加辩论小组需要在一大群人面前讲话。crowd“一大群人”，符合语境。
7.A.persuade B.advise
C.suggest D.welcome
答案：A联系上下文可知，作者参加了辩论小组，结合朋友所说的话可知，她努力“说服”了作者，故用persuade。advise和suggest意为“建议”；welcome“欢迎”。
8.A.struggle B.exist
C.stay D.survive
答案：D必须克服羞涩才能在这个社会生存下去。survive“生存，存在”；struggle“斗争；拼博”;exist“存在”，多用于指事物；stay“停留”。
9.A.debates B.opportunities
C.friends D.competitions
答案：B面对朋友的极力劝服，作者反思过去，承认自己曾经因为羞涩而失去了很多“机会”，下一句便给出了例子。opportunity“机会”；debate“辩论”；friend“朋友”;competition“竞赛，比赛”。
10.A.future B.intention
C.dream D.purpose
答案：C成为一名新闻广播员是作者曾经的“梦想”而不是“未来”、“意图”或“目的”。
11.A.excited B.nervous
C.shy D.afraid
答案：A作者参加了辨论小组,迈出了战胜胆怯的第一步，肯定会感到“兴奋”，故用excited。nervous“紧张的”；shy“害羞的”；afraid“害怕的”。
12.A.changing B.fighting
C.controlling D.conquering
答案：D此处应填与第二段中“I think you should break out of your shyness”中的break out of“摆脱”意义相近的词，故用conquer“战胜”。
13.A.stayed up B.turned up
C.spent up D.woke up
答案：A为即将到来的辩论做准备，作者熬到深夜。stay up“熬夜”；turn up“调大；出现，露面”；无spend up这一短语；wake up“醒来”。
14.A.wanted B.hoped
C.expected D.dreamed
答案：C上文提到作者为能在辩论会上获胜而熬夜作准备，又由本段末句“We failed in the first debate”可知，第一场辩论并不像作者预料的那样。expect“期盼，预料”。
15.A.shy B.nervous
C.excited D.glad
答案：B首次参加辩论会，作者肯定会很“紧张”，故用nervous。
16.A.students B.teachers
C.friends D.judges
答案：D由常识可知，辩论会现场参辨者要面对的是观众和“裁判”，故选D项。由文章末句也可知答案。
17.A.staring at B.laughing at
C.listening to D.talking about
答案：A作者感觉辩论会上的每一个人似乎都在盯着她看，所以更加紧张了。stare at“盯着看”；laugh at“嘲笑”；listen to“听”；talk about“谈论”。
18.A.thing B.condition
C.problem D.matter
答案：C由作者所在的队失败了可知，她的三个队友也出现了同样的“问题”，都紧张的忘词了，故选problem。thing“事情”;condition“条件”；matter“物质；事情”。
19.A.first of all B.after all
C.above all D.at all
答案：B此处是老师和同学们安慰作者和队友——虽然失败了，但这毕竟是第一次，他们已经做得很好了。after all“毕竟”；first of all“首先”；above all“首先”；at all“完全，根本”。
20.A.paid B.drew
C.caught D.focused
答案：D focus one’s attention on“集中注意力于……”，为固定搭配。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
（2011·大纲全国卷）For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world,self　awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence.
Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans,and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins,have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.
Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self?reflection test.
“We thought that elephants were the next important animal,”said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”
The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals’play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.
The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.
Of the three, Happy then passed the test,in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.
Diana Reiss said,“We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”
1.What can mirror tests tell us about animals?
A.Whether they have large brains.
B.Whether they have self-awareness.
C.Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.
D.Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.
答案：B细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句话“Awareness can be tested by...”可知B项正确。
2.Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?
A.They are most familiar to readers.
B.They are big favorites with zoo visitors.
C.They are included in the study by Reiss.
D.They are already known to be intelligent.
答案：D推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可知人们已经知道apes和dolphins是聪明的。
3.What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?
A.She used her nose to search behind the mirror.
B.She recognized her own image in the mirror.
C.She painted a mark on her own face.
D.She found the hidden camera.
答案：B推理判断题。由倒数第二段可推出Happy能辨别出自己在镜子中的形象。
Section Ⅱ　Personalities and Jobs
重点词汇
1.conductor n.列车长；指挥；导体；（公共汽车，电车）售票员
①The conductor wears a uniform.
列车长穿着制服。
②Who is the conductor of the band？
谁是这个乐队的指挥？
③Brass is a good conductor of electricity.
铜是很好的导电体。
④The conductor said he would tell her where to get out.
售票员说他会告诉她在哪里下车。
知识拓展
conduct vt.组织，实施；指挥；带领；举止；传导
conductive adj.导电的，能传导的
They will conduct a new experiment soon.
他们不久将进行一项新的实验。
高考直击
（2011·北京）Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted B. have been conducted
C. had conducted D. had been conducted
解析：本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在二战前这种试验在美国和欧洲都实施的很好。二战本身是一个过去的时间，故“在二战前”应该用过去完成时态，排除A、B两项；“试验”与“实施”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
答案：D
即学即用
翻译句子
他姐姐是一位汽车售票员。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
答案：His sister is a bus conductor.
2.independent adj. 独立的，自主的，自立的
①The country became independent in the sixties.
那个国家在60年代独立的。
②Independent legal experts have been studying the case.
独立的法律专家们一直在研究这个案子。
知识拓展
1)be independent of不依靠……，与……无关
①His wages enabled hi
Unit 14　Careers
?
主题情景呈现
核心知识探究
词汇
income, reward,charge, summary, guidance, aid, charge, error, consult, casual,
quarrel, appointment, instant, civil, moral,
basis, surrounding, wisdom, overcome, grasp, inspect, illegal, commit,
existence, constantly,
beneath, stage, hesitate,
judgement, decrease,
division, branch, operate, respond,
flexible, envy, bother, comfort,
panic, enclose, distinguish
短语
take charge of, make up, make out, speak up, sit up, turn over, pay off, keep up with, in case,due to, in addition
核心句型
1.Would you like to do...?(教材P22?)?
2.not...until...(教材P26?)
核心语法
直接引语和间接引语
背景e站链接
Trend Spotting
By understanding the major trends that affect jobs you will be able to make better career decisions for yourself. ?
Trends are like waves on the ocean. Some are very big, some are very small. Some trends last only a few years like the DOT COM trend, while others go on seemingly forever. ?
The trends we are interested in may be as short as a few years or as long as 20 years. Just like waves, trends move and change everything they come in contact with. If you aren?t prepared for the big wave it will wash over① you, tumbling you like a toy in the ocean. ?
Initially②, trendsstart off③so small that most people don?t notice them. Eventually trends build up④ to a crescendo⑤. Somewhere in between they make the evening news. The trick is to spot trends just as they begin, so that you have time to take action⑥ and change your life. An even better trick would be to predict the trends before they start.?
1.wash over　v. 溅泼?
2.initially adv.　最初, 开头?
3.start off　出去旅行，出发，动身;开始?
4.build up　逐步建立, 增进, 增强,使增大?
5. Crescendo即Crescendo Networks，于2002年成立，总部位于美国加州。
6.take action 采取行动；采取措施
Warming?up
重点词汇
1．fee ?n.服务费，学费
①The entrance fees have gone up by 50%.?
入会费已经上涨了50%。
②Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account??
在这家银行开帐户要收费吗？
③The fee is 50 for a six 　　　　　week art class.?
六周艺术课的费用为50美元。
词语辨析?
fee, fare
1) fee表示“学费、报名费、服务费、入场费”等，尤指付给专业人员的“费用”。
2) fare表示“（车、船、飞机等的）费，票价”。
即学即用
用fee, fare填空?
(1)What is the air 　　　　　 to London??
(2)What is the membership 　　　　　?
答案：（1）fare (2)fee
2． income n.收入
①He cannot support his family on his income.?
他的收入不能养家糊口。
②Tourism is major source of income for the area.?
旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。
词语辨析?
income, pay, salary, wage
1) income指经常得到的“收入”，可以是工作的薪水。
2) pay指定时领取的“报酬，工资”，有时特指军队服役人员的军饷。?
3) salary通常指按月发、付给脑力劳动者或经过培训、学习有专门知识或技能的人的“薪水”。 4) wage指付给体力劳动者的工资，通常以劳动时间、熟练程度、定额多少来计算，一般按　　 天或周支付，常用复数形式。
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用income, pay, salary, wage填空?
(1) They could earn from ＄ 10 000 to ＄15 000 one year.
(2)He takes his home to his wife every Friday.?
(3)Have you any apart from your pay??
(4)All officers in the army got an increase in .?
答案：（1）salaries　(2)wage　 (3)income　 (4)pay
3．reward
1) n.奖赏，回报?
①A reward was offered for the return of the jewels.?
为找回珠宝而悬赏。
②He was given a medal as a reward for his service.?
作为服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。
③He got nothing in reward for his kindness.?
他的好心没得到一点回报。
2) v.奖赏，酬谢，报答?
①How can I reward your kindness.?
我如何酬谢你的好意呢？?
②She rewarded the boy with ＄ 10 for his help.?
她因那个男孩的帮助而酬谢他十美元。
知识拓展
1) as a reward for作为（对某事的）报酬/奖赏?
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因为某事而给某人报酬
in reward of为酬谢……；作为对……的奖励?
in reward=in return 作为回报/报答
2）reward sb. with...for sth. 为某事而以……报答某人
词语辨析?
reward, award, prize
reward
名词
指赏金、酬金或一些非金钱的报酬，多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。
动词
表示“报答，酬谢”
award
名词
指奖品、奖金，其义与prize近似。指一种官方的奖励行为，往往鼓励对在工作中取得成就或完成所提出要求的人而进行的一种奖励，强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。还可指某种奖。
动词
表示“（正式地或官方地）授予，给予；（法庭）判给”。
prize
名词
“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖。
①The fireman received a reward for saving the child’ s life.?
因救了小孩的命，消防员得到了一笔奖金。
②Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.?
参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。
③The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.?
那位奥运会冠军获得了一枚金牌。
即学即用
You would be offered a(n)　　　 of ＄5,000 for the arrest of the murderer, according to the news on TV last night.?
A.prize　　　　　　　B.award　　　　C.reward　　　　　　　　D.result
答案：C　意：你将因为逮捕了凶杀犯而得到5 000美元的奖赏……。reward“酬金，赏金”;prize“奖品，奖励”；与award近似，都因成就突出而受奖；result“结果”。?
4． wage n.工资，薪金（尤指日薪或按时间计算的短期的劳动报酬）1)指工资时多用复数形式，也可用单数。?
①This is a low wage.?
这是一份低工资。?
②My wages are low.?
我的工资很低。
2)作定语时须用单数形式。?
a wage packet 工资袋
3)问多少工资用how much提问，不可用how many;用high或low表示工资的多或少。?
①How much wages does he get a month??
他一个月多少工资？?
②His wages are high.?
他的工资很高（多）。
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完成句子?
他的工资是每周300美元。?
　　　　　　　　　　are 300 dollars a week.?
答案：His wages
5.charge
1) v.收费，控诉，充电?
①What did they charge for the repairs??
他们收了多少修理费？
②He was charged with murder.?
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
③Before use, the battery must be charged.?
电池使用前必须充电。
注意： charge作“索取费用”解释时，可以带双宾语。?
He charged me ＄50.?
他向我索要了50美元。
2）n.主管，看管；费用?
①I take charge of serving breakfast.?
我的职责是提供早餐。?
②The nurse is in charge of the patients.（=The patients are in the nurse’s charge.）
那位护士负责照料那些病人。?
知识拓展
in charge?????????????????????????????????? 负责?
be in charge of... 负责……，主管……?
be in/under the charge of... 由……主管（负责）?
free of charge 免费地?
charge sb. with... 指控某人有……罪?
charge sb...for sth. 为某物向某人要价……?
即学即用
（1）A deputy director will be the whole factory next week when the director is away for a month.?
A.in favor of B.in charge of?
C.in place of D.on behalf of?
答案：B　in charge of的意思是“负责，主管”；in favor of的意思是“赞成，支持”；in place of的意思是“代替”;on behalf of的意思是“……一方”。
（2）—How much do you 　　　　　　　　　mending the car??
—Ten dollars,sir.?
A.pay for B.charge for?
C.charge D.pay?
答案：B　本题考查charge的用法。此句可译为：——修车你要多少钱？——十美元，先生。由对话不难看出这是汽车修理工和汽车主人之间的对话，用pay for不合适；charge for...表示“因……而收费”符合题意。
难点解析
Tim gets paid an hourly wage of ＄ 20 for working in the supermarket.?
蒂姆在那家超市工作，每小时获20美元的报酬。
get可用作连系动词，代替be用于“get+过去分词或形容词”中表示动作或状态。?
①Mom told you you’d get hurt if you did that.?
妈妈告诉过你，如果你那样就会受伤。
②He talks loudly and fast, and waves his hands about a lot when he gets excited.?
他讲话声音洪亮，语速很快，当他激动时经常四处挥舞他的双手。
知识拓展
get常与以下过去分词或形容词连用：?
get hurt 受伤?
get killed 遇难?
get bored 厌烦?
get lost 丢掉，迷路?
get tired 累了?
get dressed 穿衣?
get paid 被支付?
get drunk 醉了?
get broken 破了?
get angry 生气?
get ill 病了?
get fat 变胖?
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The man got 　　　　　　　 in the mire(泥潭)and started falling.?
A.stuck　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.sticking?
C.stick　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.to stick
答案：A　“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。get stuck“陷入”；get是系动词，stuck过去分词作表语。
课堂巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He had to work hard to earn a high i to support such a large family.?
2.Health i can pay for all your treatment if you are ill.?
3.Your teacher can give you g on choosing a career and writing a job application.?
4.The text was beyond my c　　　　　　,so I had to ask my teacher to explain it in detail.?
5.Before starting any exercise program,you should c　　　　　　your doctor.?
6.Jean felt more comfortable in 　　　　　　(随意的)clothes.?
7.She left home after 　　　　　　(争吵)with her parents.?
8.After graduation,he worked as a hotel 　　　　　　(接待员).?
答案：1.income　2.insurance　3.guidance　4.comprehension　5.consult　6.casual　7.quarrelling　8.receptionist?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。?
I gave him a book 　　　　 　　　　　　　　his help.?
2.因此我认为，总的看来，这场运动取得了很大成功。?
And so I would say, 　　　　 ,the campaign has been a great success.?
3.今晚可能会上冻，一定要把花草都盖好。?
It may freeze tonight,so　　　　 the plants are covered.?
4.我不在时工作将由他负责。?
He will　　　　 　　　　　　　　the job during my absence.?
答案：1.in reward for　2.in summary　3.make sure　4.take charge of?
Ⅲ.单项填空
1.(2011·江苏模考)—I think it is the sales manager,rather than the sales girls, to blame.?—I can’t agree more.?
A.is B.that is?
C.are D.who are?
答案：B　分析句子结构可知,think后的宾语从句是一个强调句，被强调的部分是宾语从句的主语，排除A、C两项；rather than连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与rather than前的成分在人称和数上保持一致，综上知本题选B。
2.(2011·浙江模考)Television has many advantages.It keeps us 　　　　　of the 　　　　　　　　
news and also provides entertainment in the house.?
A.informed;latest　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.to know;later?
C.learning;latter　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.to think;latest?
答案：A　句意：电视有很多优点，它让我们了解最新的新闻，也在家为我们提供娱乐。第一空考查keep复合结构，us与inform是被动关系，故第一空用过去分词作宾补；later作形容词，表示“最新的”。?
3.There aren’t many tickets left for the concert;make sure 　　　　　　two today.?
A.getting　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.to have got?
C.that you get　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.that you will get?
答案：C　make sure to do sth.“确保做某事”，但B项时态有误，故排除;make sure that...表示“确保……”，其后接的宾语从句常用一般现在时，故选C。
4.Progress　　　　　so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.?
A.was　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.had been?
C.has been　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.will be?
答案：C　句意：到目前为止，事情进展顺利，我们肯定会按时完成工作的。句中有so far，故用现在完成时。
5.The girl who is kept 　　　　　　　 the nurse has 　　　　　　　ill since last week.?
A.in the charge of;fallen　　　　　　　　　　　　B.in charge of;been?
C.in the charge of;been　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.taken charge of;fallen?
答案：C　句意：由护士负责护理的那个女孩从上周开始就病了。第一空用in the charge of表“由……负责”。be ill和fall ill都表示“患病”，但只有be ill才能与时间状语since...连用。
6.Students who complete the course successfully will be 　　　　　　　with a diploma(文凭). A.rewarded　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.awarded?
C.praised　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.valued?
答案：B　句意：顺利修完这门课程的学生将被授予文凭。reward“报答，酬谢”；award“授予，颁发”；praise“表扬”；value“重视”。
7.His sister left home in 1998,and 　　　　　　　since.?
A.had not been heard of　　　　　　　　　　　　B.has not been heard of?
C.had not heard of　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.has not heard of?
答案：B　句意：他姐姐在1998年离开家，自那以后就杳无音信。由since可知此处用现在完成时；his sister与hear of是动宾关系，故用被动语态。
8.The police announced that they would 　　　　　　a total of?500,000 yuan for the arrest of the murder.?
A.charge　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.offer?
C.provide　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.supply?
答案：B　句意：警方宣布他们将提供50万元赏金逮捕这个杀人犯。此句要用offer表示“提供”，和for搭配。charge“要价”；provide“提供（所需要的东西）”；supply“提供（日常用品）”。
Ⅳ.完形填空?
The lake lay before me,blue and peaceful,in the evening light.On each side of the lake mountains 1　　 　sharply surrounding it in a kind of bowl.A few sheep ２　 their sides and here and there a cow was busy eating on the lower slopes.The place was so far away ,so ３　　 by human work that it seemed the very place to ４　　.Even Higgs,I thought,wouldn’ t be able to find me here.?
I sat down by the edge of the lake and,pulling ５　　 my shoes and socks,put my ６　　 in the water.It was cold,like ice.After a moment,I ７　　 over and spread some of the ８　　 on my hot face.I could see myself faintly in the water,staring at ９　　 like a stranger.?
I realized suddenly how tired I was of １０　　 away.Surely,I thought,I could live here for a few days,out of 11　　 of Higgs and his men.While I tried to 12　　 some plans for the future,I found a tiny cottage on the far side of the lake 13　　 some smoke coming from its roof.I still had a little money.Perhaps they would give me a 14　　 and some food.?
As I watched,a man came out of the house and down to a little １５　　 at the lakeside.He got into it and began to move １６　　 towards my side.I could hardly see his
１７　　 at first.He continued calmly １８　　 the lake and,when he was about halfway,he rested his oars and the boat drifted into a patch of sunlight.He 19　　 a hand in a friendly way of greeting.I was about to raise mine in 20　　 when ,all at once,I saw his face clearly:it was Higgs!?
1.A.lay B.rose C.went D.came?
答案：B　湖周围的山“耸立，高出”，环绕着它。
2.A.dotted　　 B.dot C.dotting D.dots?
答案：A　第一个and连接两个并列句，前面分句中缺少谓语，从上下文可以看出讲述的的是过去的事情。dot“遍布”，过去式为dotted。
3.A.touched　 B.touching C.untouched D.untouching?
答案：C　由于“The place was so far away”，因而没有受到人类的影响。untouched为形容词，意思是“原封未动的，未受影响的”。
4.A.work　　 B.visit C.play D.hide?
答案：D　正是由于较偏远，人类没有影响它，所以是“藏身”的好地方。
5.A.on　　　 B.away C.off D.up?
答案：C　pull on为“穿，戴”；pull away“（汽车）开动”；pull off“脱（衣、帽、鞋子等）”；pull up“停车，停止”。
6.A.feet　　　B.hand　　　　C.head　　　　　D.body?
答案：A　脱掉鞋袜，把“脚”放入水中。
7.A.came　　 B.went C.got D.bent?
答案：D　向前弯曲身体。
8.A.sand　　　B.mud　　　　C.water　　　　 D.ice?
答案：C　根据上句中的water可知选C项。
9.A.it　　　　B.him　　　 　C.me D.water?
答案：C　水中是“我”的倒影，所以“我”看着水中的自己。
10.A.taking　　B.doing　　　C.keeping　　　 D.running?
答案：D　上文提到，到了一偏远的地方，躲藏起来，不让“Higgs and his men”找到，可推断出“我”是“逃离”，故用run away。
11.A.touch　　B.control　　　C.hold　　　　 D.take?
答案：A　在这里住几天，就与“Higgs and his men”失去联系。
12.A.do　　　B.get　　　　　C.make D.take?
答案：C　 “制定计划”用make plans。
13.A.with　　B.within　　　　C.without　　　D.under?
答案：A　该空间的前面是一句话，后面是“独立主格结构”，符合with的用法。
14.A.meal　　B.gun　　　　　C.boat　　　　 D.bed?
答案：D　meal包含后面的“some food”，所以排除；在“我”逃到远方的时候，“枪”和“船”不是“我急需的”，所需要的应该是休息和食物，所以“bed”合适。
15.A.bike　　B.boat　　　　　　C.car　　　　D.plane?
答案：B　从下句,“He”进去了，又能在水中移动，猜出是“boat”。
16.A.unhurriedly　　　　　　　　B.unworriedly?
C.unpleasedly D.unfrightening?
答案：A　“不慌不忙地”向“我”移动。
17.A.face B.smile
C.look D.expression?
答案：A　由于较远，没有看清他的“脸”。
18.A.through B.over
C.shock D.across?
答案：D　从湖的那边到这边，用“across the lake”。
19.A.caught　　　　　　　　　　 B.held
C.up D.lifted?
答案：D　举起手打招呼，“life a hand”。
20.A.hungry　　　　　　　　　　　B.surprise
C.reply D.satisfaction?
答案：C?　“我”也正要举手“回应”对方。
Section Ⅰ　Your Choice
重点词汇
1.summary n. 摘要，总结
①Our teacher told us to write a summary of the text as homework.?
我们老师要我们写一篇课文摘要作为家庭作业。
②The following is a summary of our conclusions.?
现将我们的结论总结如下。
知识拓展
summary adj.?概括的，概要的；速决的，草率的?
summarize v. 总结，概括，概述?
in summary 总的来说，归纳起来?
①In summary, this was a disappointing performance.?
总的来说，这场演出令人失望。?
②He made a summary report for the records.?
他对记录内容作了扼要报告。?
③She summarized the main arguments at the end of the meeting.?
她在会议结束时总结了主要论点。?
即学即用
完成句子
?,the title of the book is great, but the rest isn?t so good.?
答案：In summary
2.aid
1) n. 帮助，援助?
①I didn’t speak any English, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.?
我不会说英语，但一个好心人帮了我的忙，告诉我怎样走。
②We’re collecting money in aid of victims of Sichuan Earthquake.?
我们正在筹集资金，以资助四川地震中的灾民。
③With the aid of the teacher, my English has been greatly improved.?
在教师的帮助下，我的英语提高很快。
2）vt.帮助，援助，有助于?
①This feature is designed to aid inexperienced users.?
这个特色装置是为帮助没有经验的用户而设计的。
②You had better aid her to study how to cook. She is young.?
你最好帮她学习如何做饭，她还小。
to go on studying.
③I aid her in going on studying. 我帮助她继续深造。 ?
?
知识拓展
do/give/offer first aid 做急救?
give aid to...给予……帮助?
with the aid/help of sb.(=with one’s aid/help)在某人的帮助下?
aid sb. in/with...为……帮助某人?
aid/help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事?
注意： aid一般是指“援助”一群人，尤指用金钱，接受帮助的人较广；assist与help同义，但着重指“协助”，受协助的人自己做一部分工作；help指具体或抽象意义上的“帮助”。?
即学即用
（1）My brother is deaf so he has to use a hearing .?
A．help　　　　B.machine? C.aid D.assist?
答案：C　本题考查词语搭配。句意为“我哥哥耳聋，所以他不得不使用助听器”。从前半句（我哥哥耳聋）提供的信息可断定他使用的东西一定与耳聋有关。aid可作“辅助物”讲，与hearing连用指“助听器”，与句意相符，故选C。?
(2) They collected much money 　　　　　　the sick.?
A.help　　　　　B.aided ? C.in aid of D.in aid?
答案：C　若选A，help前面要加to. in aid of “支持，为……筹措”。
3.consult vt.?请教，查阅
①An increasing number of people are consulting them about social security changes.?
越来越多的人向他们咨询有关社会保障制度的变化。
②You should consult with him about the matter.?
你应当与他协商此事。?
③I’ll do nothing without consulting you.?
不请教你我什么事都不会做。?
④I consulted the telephone book for his telephone number.?
我查了查电话薄找他的电话号码。?
注意：对象如果与自己相比为权威，像字典、参考书、医师、律师、老师等时，用及物动词；对象如果与自己同等地位时，用不及物动词，用consult with的句型。?
知识拓展
consult sb.（不带with）请教某人?
consult with sb. about 与某人协商……?
consult...for... 查阅……（找）……?
consult with oneself 暗自考虑?
consultant n.顾问?
consultation n.请教，咨询，磋商，会诊?
The difficulty among them should be resolved by consultation.?
他们之间存在的分歧应通过协商解决。?
词语辨析?
consult, refer to, look up
1) consult表示“商量”时，后跟人作宾语；表示“查阅”时，后跟字典等作宾语。
2) refer to表示“查阅”时，可与consult换用；还可表示“指……而言；适用于；提到，提及”；refer to...as...表示“把……称作，把……当做”。
3）look up表示“（在字典中）查阅”，后跟a word等作宾语。?
look up the word in the dictionary在字典中查这个词
即学即用
（1）Please dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.?
A.search B.seek? C.inquire D.consult?
答案：D　句意为“当你对单词拼写或词义拿不准时，请查阅词典”。consult指“查阅，咨询（以获取信息）”，consult dictionaries 表示“查阅词典”，符合题意。search“搜查，搜寻”；seek“探索，追求”；inquire“询问”。
（2）（2010·江西模考）He　　　　　　　a number of books about the subject in the library before he gave his speech.?
A.referred B.consulted? C.looked up D.consulted with?
答案：B　这里指“参考，查阅”大量的书,consult“查阅，参考”切题。refer后应加to;look up后接的是查看的内容，而不是查看时借助的工具；consult with“和……商议”。
4. quarrel
1) vi. 争吵，吵架?
①Those children are always quarrelling over little things.?
那些孩子总是为小事而争吵。
②He quarrelled with his brother over their father?s will.?
他和弟弟因为父亲的遗嘱起了争执。
③We’re not going to quarrel about a few dollars.?
我们不想为了几美元而吵架。
2）n吵架，争吵?
We don’t want to have a quarrel, do we??
我们不想吵架，是吧？?
知识拓展
quarrel with sb.与某人争吵?
quarrel about/over sth. 关于某事争吵?
have no quarrel with没有理由?
词语辨析?
quarrel， argue
quarrel
指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。
同with搭配，其后接人；与about连用，其后接物。
argue
着重就自己的看法或观点提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辨论”
①We argued with them about this problem for a long time.?
这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。
②He often quarrels about their housework with his wife.?
他常为家务事同妻子争吵。
即学即用
(1)She likes to quarrel neighbors little things.?
A.with;for B.to;about? C.with;about D.about;with?
答案：C　quarrel with sb.about/over sth.为固定搭配，表示“因某事而与某人争吵”。
（2）Once they stood at the gate,　　　　　　　　　.?
A.quarrelled with each other?　　　　　　B.an quarrelling with each other?
C.quarrelling with each other?　 D.quarrelling about each other?
答案：C　句意：有一次他们在大门口站着，相互争吵。现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语。
重点短语
1.run across
1)跑着穿过?
A boy ran across the street.?
一个男孩跑着穿过街道。
2)偶然遇到?
I ran across an old friend in the street.?
我在街上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。?
注意：表示“偶然相遇”的表达方式还有：run into, come across, meet with。
知识拓展
run after 追逐?
run away 逃跑，跑掉?
run down（用车）撞倒?
run into 使（车辆）猛力撞到?
run off 让液体流出?
run out 跑出；离开；耗尽?
run out of 用光，用完?
即学即用
As he came out into the lobby, Tom his friend Jack.?
A.ran after B.ran away? C.ran across D.ran out
答案：C　句意：汤姆出门进入大厅时，与他的朋友杰克不期而遇。run across指“偶然碰到；不期而遇”。
2.put on
1)穿，戴?
①Hurry up and put your shoes on.?
快点，把你的鞋穿上。
②He put on his glasses to read the letter.?
他戴上眼镜，读这封信。
2)表演，上演?
①The West Valley Symphony is putting on a free concert in the park.?
西谷交响乐正在公园举行免费音乐会。
②A film will be put on tonight in the cinema.?
一部影片将于今晚在电影院上演。
3）增加?
He has put on weight recently.?
他最近胖了。
4）拨快，把时针向前拨?
In Britain people put the clock on an hour in spring.?
在英国，人们在春季把时钟拨快一小时。?
知识拓展
put forward 提出（意见，建议）?
put down 放下，写下，记下?
put away 放好，把……收起来?
put off 推迟，延期?
put up 张贴，搭起?
put up with 忍受?
即学即用
I thought the plan he at the meeting .?
A.put on; makes no sense?
B.put forward; made no sense?
C.put off; didn?t make any sense?
D.put forward; doesn?t make any sense
答案：B　句意为：我认为他在会上提出的那个计划毫无意义。put forward“提出”；thought后的宾语从句要用过去式，所以排除D项。make no sense“没有意义”；put on“穿上，上演”；put off“推迟”；不符合句意。
3.take part（in） 参加
①I was late for the discussion, so I didn?t take part.?
讨论会我迟到了，所以我没参加。?
②Nearly all the students in our class took part in the camping.?
我们班几乎所有的学生都参加了这次野营。
③She takes an active part in school activities.?
她积极参加学校各项活动。
知识拓展
take one’s part/take the part of sb. 支持某人，袒护某人?
play a part in 起作用，参与?
for my part 就我而言?
for the most part 多半，大多；通常?
①My father always takes the part of my younger brother.?
我父亲总是袒护我弟弟。?
②He played an important part in the research.?
他在研究中起重要作用。?
词语辨析?
join in, join, take part in, attend
1）join in指参加比赛或某种具体的活动，用于日常用语，也可用于join sb. in sth./doing sth.结构，指加入到他人的行为，一道从事某项活动。?
2) join指加入某组织或团体，成为其中的一员，如参军、入团等。?
3）take part in指参加群众性的活动、政治运动、斗争、事业、工作等，重在说明主语参加该项活动，并在活动中起积极的作用。take an active part in sth.表示“积极参加某种活动”（part前有修饰词时，要用不定冠词）。?
4）attend指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学或听报告等，强调的是发生这一动作的本身，而不强调参加者在这一活动中起的作用。?
高考直击?
(2011·福建)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.?
—I it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.?
A.attended B.had attended?
C.would sattend D.would have attended?
答案：D　本题考查虚拟语气。句意：——“你错过了有关核污染的演讲真是遗憾。”——“我本想去听，但我忙着准备工作面试。”由语境可知，此处表示“本想去而事实上没去”，为虚拟语气，叙述与过去事实相反，要用would have done，故D项正确。?
即学即用
用attend, join, join in, take part in填空?
(1)He the army in 1978.?
(2)Will you me a walk??
(3)Did you the lecture yesterday??
(4)He the last Olympic Games and won a gold medal.
答案：（1）joined　(2)join; in　(3)attend　(4)took part in
4.rather than 而不是
①I think Tom rather than you is to blame.?
我认为是汤姆，而不是你应受到责备。
②I would die rather than give in to the enemy.?
我宁死也不屈服于敌人。
知识拓展
rather than宁愿……而不愿……；而不是……；与其……倒不如……（连接平行结构）?
would rather do...than do=would do...rather than do ?
宁愿……而不愿……?
would rather(that)... 宁愿……?
（从句中用一般过去时表示和现在、将来事实相反的虚拟，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟）?
prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿……而不愿……?
other than 除了……?
or rather 更确切地说?
①I would rather have the small one than the big one.?
我宁愿要小的，也不要大的。
②Rather than travel by car, I?d prefer to walk.?
我宁可走路，不愿乘汽车旅行。
③He would rather you didn?t do that for the time being.?
他宁可让你暂时不做那件事。
④The new arrival was none other than the President.?
刚到达的不是别人，正是总统。
⑤I met him very late on Friday night, or rather, early on Saturday morning.?
我在星期五深夜见到他，更确切地说是在星期六凌晨。
注意： A rather than B作主语，谓语要与A在人称和数上保持一致。?
He rather than you is wrong.?
是他而不是你错了。?
即学即用
If you let pressure benefit upset you, much more can be accomplished than you thought possible.?
A.more than B.rather than? C.other than D.less than?
答案：B　句意为：如果让压力使你受益而非让你烦扰，那么所取得的成就可能远比你想像的多。rather than“而不是”；more than“比……多”；other than“除……之外，不同于”；less than“少于”。
5． at all times 时常，总是；随时
①The new road system permits the free flow of traffic at all times.?
新的道路系统可以使车辆在任何时候都畅通无阻。
?②We are ready to help you at all times.?
我们随时准备帮助你。
知识拓展
t any time　　　　　　　　　　在任何时候?
at a time　　　　　　　　　　　一次，每次?
at one time 曾经，一度?
at times 有时，不时?
at the same time 同时；不过，然而?
all the time 总是；一直?
at no time 决不?
from time to time 不时?
take one?s time 不要急，慢慢来?
in no time 立刻，马上?
①At one time Xiao Wang was my best friend.?
小王曾一度是我最要好的朋友。
②At no time did he give his consent to the plan.?
他从未同意过这项计划。
③He ran up the stairs two at a time.?
他一步两个台阶地跑上楼梯。
④He has to work at weekends at times/from time to time.?
他偶尔周末还得工作。
⑤In no time will he be back.?
他很快就会回来。
注意： at/in no time置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。?
即学即用
will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
? A.At no time B.In no time? C.At one time D.at all times?答案：A　at no time“决不”表否定意义的短语置于句首引起倒装。in no time“立即，马　　 上”；at one time“曾经”；at all times“时常，随时，总是”。
难点解析
1．Does the description fit your personality??
这样的描述符合你的性格吗？
句中fit为及物动词，意思是“符合”。注意fit的用法。?
1)?vt. & vi.（使）适合；（使）符合；（大小）合身?
①The jacket doesn’t fit me.?
这件夹克不适合我穿。
②Does the key fit the lock??
这把钥匙能开这把锁吗？
③The music will fit any ceremony.?
这曲子适合任何仪式。
2) adj.适合的（反义词：unfit）；健康的?
①The book is fit for children.?
这本书适合儿童读。?
②The water is fit to drink.?
这水适合饮用。?
③I feel fit to work today.?
我今天觉得好些了，可以上班。?
注意： fit和unfit作为形容词，意思相反。试比较：?
①Grass is a fit food for cows.?
草是适合牛吃的食物。?
②It’s unfit for us.?
它不适用于我们。
3）n.适合；（衣帽）合身?
The coat is a good fit.?
这件外套很合身。?
词语辨析?
fit, suit, match
1）fit意为“（大小、尺寸、形状）合适”，通常意为“合身”；“合脚”等。?
2）suit意为“（颜色、发型、款式等）适合”或“（时间、天气）适合”。?
3）match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面“搭配”。?
①The shoes don’t fit me—they are too small.(不用suit)?
那双鞋不合我的脚——它们太小了。?
②This coat fits you well, but its color doesn’t suit you.?
这件外衣很合你的身，但颜色不适合你。?
③Does the climate suit you?（不用fit）?
这种气候适合你吗？?
④Does the hat suit me?（不用fit）这顶帽子适合我戴吗？
⑤Rose’s clothes and her hat don’t match.?
罗斯的衣服和她的帽子不协调。
即学即用
Her shoes her dress; they look very well together?.?
A.suit B.fit? C.compare D.match
答案：D　她的鞋子与她的裙子很相配。match意为“相配，搭配”，符合句意。suit“适合”；fit“(大小、形状)适合”；compare“比较”。
2. Would you like to do the kind of jobs that the answer key suggests for you??
你喜欢答案中为你建议的那种工作吗？
that the answer key suggests for you是一个定语从句，修饰先行词jobs。?
1）would like表示“愿意（做某事）”，后面要加to do,语气比want要委婉。?
would like to do sth. 想要做某事?
①I’d like to have a walk after supper.?
晚饭后我想散散步。
?②Would you like to go for a walk with me??
你愿意和我一起去散步吗？
③I would like you to help me.?
我希望你能帮助我。
知识拓展
feel like “想要”，后面常跟v.?ing形式。?
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事?
—Do you feel like drinking some beer??
——你想喝点啤酒吗？?
—No, thank you.?
——不喝，谢谢。?
高考直击
(2011·四川)Lydia doesn’t feel like 　　　　　　 abroad.Her parents are old.?
A.study B.studying? C.studied D.to study?
答案：B　本题考查非谓语动词。句意：莉迪亚不想去国外读书，因为她的父母年纪大了。feel like oing sth.为常用搭配：想做某事。同：would like to do sth.。
即学即用
Would you like 　　　　　　shopping with me??
A.going　　　　　　 B.to go? C.gone D.went?
答案：B　句意：你想和我一起去购物吗？would like表示“愿意（做某事）”后面要加to do 形式。
3. Make sure they know what to do.?
确保他们知道做什么。
1)句中make sure的意思是“确保，设法做到”，后面常跟that从句。?
Before she called on her friends, she rang to make sure that they were at home.?
在去拜访朋友之前，她先打电话以确定他们在家。
知识拓展
make sure of 确信；查明?
be sure of/that 确信，确定?
be sure about sth. 确信，有把握?
①There aren’t many seats left for this concert; you’d better make sure of one today.?
这音乐会剩下的座位不多了，你最好今天订好一个位子。
②Are you sure of his honesty/that he’s honest??
你确信他是诚实的吗？
2)句中what to do属于“疑问词+不定式”结构。?
注意此结构中疑问词的选择可依据此疑问词在句中充当的成分而定，如疑问代词what, who,whom, which, whose等一般充当句子的主语、宾语或定语；疑问副词when, where,how等一般充当句子的状语。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或双重宾语等成分。?
①When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.?
何时动身尚未决定。
②We must know what to do next.
?我们必须知道（明确）下一步该做什么。
③My question is where to find the answer.?
我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。
④She had no idea which book to read first.?
她不知道先读哪本书。
⑤He tells me how to answer all the questions in English.?
他告诉我怎样用英语回答所有的问题。
注意：在“what+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式中的动词为及物动词，与疑问词what有动宾关系，但动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
?
即学即用
(1)He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion.?
A.to have B.having C.have D.had
答案：A　考查非谓语动词。句意为：他告诉我们是否要野餐仍在讨论之中。whether to have a picnic作宾语从句的主语。to do表示动作尚未发生。
(2)Tell John not to leave the house unless he that the lights .?
A.will make sure;will be turned off? B.will make sure;will turn off?
C.makes sure;are turned off? D.is made sure;will be turned off?
答案：C　unless引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来;make sure后面的宾语从句通常用一般现在时，故选C。
4.So far, nothing has been done and there are only ten days until the performance.?
到目前为止，什么事也没做而且离演出只有十天的时间了。
句中短语so far意为“到目前为止”。?
①I’ve been here for three weeks, and so far I’ve enjoyed it.?
我来到这里已经3周了，到目前为止我过得很好。
②I have built 3 houses so far.?
到目前为止，我已经盖了3栋房子了。
注意：so far表示“到目前为止”，在句中常作状语，所在的句子常用现在完成时态。?
知识拓展
as/so far as 远到；就……而言?
as far as it goes 就本身而言，就现状来说?
far and wide 到处，广泛地?
far away 遥远的?
far from 远离；完全不?
by far 最……；……得多?
so far仅到一定程度?
so/as far as I know/I’m concerned 据我所知/在我看来?
①I trust him only so far.?
我只能相信他到这个程度。
②He is by far the best student in his class.?
他显然是班中最好的学生。
③As far as I know, he will be away for three months.?
就我所知，他将要离开三个月。
2）句中performance意为“表演，演出”。?
This is the best performance we have seen.?
这是我们看过的最好的演出。
知识拓展?
perform ?vt.? 做履行，执行，演出
①The singer had never performed in New York before.?
这个歌唱家以前从来没有在纽约演出过。
②The doctor performed the operation.?
医生做了手术。
③The chairman performed his duties perfectly.?
主席出色地行使了他的职责。
即学即用?
（1）Progress so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
A.was B.had been? C.has been D.will be
?答案：C　考查时态。句意为：迄今为止进展顺利，我们确信会准时完成这项工作的。由so far可知用现在完成时。
（2）Our team very well in the match yesterday and won the second place.?
A.informed B.performed? C.reformed D.uniformed?
答案：B　本题考查动词辨析。句意为“昨天我们队在比赛中表现得很好并赢得了第二名”。inform“通知”；perform“执行，表现”；reform“改革”；uniform“使……一致”。根据题意，故选B。
5. Keep your desk tidy at all times.?
时刻保持你的书桌干净。
本句中keep your desk tidy为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，意为“使……处于某种状态”。能够作宾补的成分有过去分词，现在分词、形容词、副词和介词短语。在该结构中宾补用过去分词表示被动或完成，用现在分词表示主动或进行，用形容词表状态，用副词和介词短语表示地点或位置。?
①He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was.?
他闭着眼睛，呆在原处。
②I’m sorry to keep you waiting.?
对不起，让您久等了。
③Please keep the room clean and tidy.?
请保持房间整洁。
④The rain kept us indoors.?
雨使我们呆在屋内。
⑤His illness kept him in bed for a week.?
他因生病而在床上躺了一星期。
高考直击
（2011·重庆）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself
of his own dreams.?
A. reminding B. to remind?
C. reminded D. remind?
答案：C　本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：Michael把姚明的照片贴在床边，使他一直记起自己的梦想。remind sb. of sth.使某人记起某事，此处的sb.为himself,himself提前，因此remind要用过去分词表被动，在此作宾补。?
即学即用?
She kept me for half an hour.?
A.to wait　　　　　　　B.wait?　　　　 C.waited　　　　　　D.waiting?
答案：D　本题考查了“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，wait与me构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用waiting作宾补。
课堂巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
The doctor who had volunteered to settle down in the poor village became the chief t
of the villagers.
2. In s , this was a disappointing performance.
3. Under the g of her teacher, Helen learned to read and write, and became a famous writer.
4. His behaviour was completely beyond c .
5. When you have paid for something, a will be given to you.
6. If any of these symptoms occurs while you are taking the medicine, (咨询)your doctor immediately.
7. He chose his words carefully, hoping to avoid a (争吵).
8. The (数据)is still being analysed.
9. John was dismissed last week because of his (随意的)attitude towards his job.
10. Look up the time of the next train in the (时间表).
答案：1.topic　2.summary　3.guidance　4.comprehension　5.receipt　6.consult　7.quarrel　8.data　9.casual?10.timetable?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.就工作和老板争吵是没用的。?
It is no use the boss work.
2.他现在主管一家大公司。?
He is now a big company.?
3.我已就该事件向我的律师咨询。?
I have my lawyer this case.
4.我不知道如何处理这个问题，但是汤姆帮我走出了困境。??
I didn’t know how to deal with this problem, but Tom to help me out.
5.总的来说，他的表现比以前好很多。?
,his performance is much better than before.
答案：1.quarreling with, about/over/on
2.taking/in charge of
3.consulted, about
4.came to my aid
5.In summary
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.He will be in the charge of the company while the manager is away.?

答案：去掉in后的the。in the charge of表示被动意义，意为“由……管理”，其主语通常是物。in charge of“主管；掌管”，其主语通常是人。
2.If a wife often quarrels with her husband for housework, the husband’s work will suffer.?

答案：for改为about/over。quarrel with sb. about/over sth. 为固定搭配，意为“因某事和某人争吵”。
3.If the patients are puzzled with prescription druges, it’s a good idea to consult with the doctor.?
答案：去掉with。consult为及物动词，意为“咨询；请教”，后接宾语时无需加介词with。
?
4.The enquiry concluded that the accident had been caused by human mistake.?

答案： mistake改为error。human error“人为错误”。error一般指因偏离正确意见、判断、校准、运算等而犯下的“错误，谬误”；mistake指由于粗心、不注意或在理解、认识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误。
5.On summary, we will have to get further research.?

答案：On改为In。in summary为固定搭配，意为“概括地讲；总而言之”。
Ⅳ.单项填空
1.He told the secretary to write him a one?page of the report.?
A.sum B.summarize? C.conclusion D.summary?
答案：D　题意：他告诉秘书为自己写一页关于这份报告的总结。summary“总结；摘要”，符合题意。sum“总数”；summarize是动词，意为“归纳；总结”；conclusion“结论”。
2.He is an expert on IT. If you have any question, you can 　　　　　　　 him.?
A.talk B.quarrel C.consult D.confirm?
答案：C　题意：他是IT行业的专家，如果有任何问题的话，你可以向他请教。consult“咨询；请教”，符合题意。talk“谈话”；quarrel“吵架”；confirm“证实”。
3.We were in our investigation by the cooperation of the police?
A.stopped B.aided C.aimed D.cooperated?
答案：B　aid sb. in sth. “协助某人做某事”，为固定搭配，此处为其被动语态，其余三项均与题意不符。
4.—Who told you about Dad’s illness??
—The doctor in　　　　　　　　　.?
A.connection B.turn? C.public D.charge?
答案：D　题意：——“谁告诉了你父亲的病情？”——“主治医生。”in charge“负责”；in connection“联系；连接”；in turn“依次”；in public“当众”。
5.I think there is no point with him about the matter any more. I think it hard for him to give up his opinion.?
A.discussing B.fighting? C.saying D.quarreling?
答案：D　quarrel with sb. about sth.“和某人就某事争吵”，为固定搭配。
课后强化作业
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.　　　　　　 quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating
　　　　　　 more peaceful and loving self.?
A.The;the B.A;a? C.The;a D.A;the?
答案：C　本题考查冠词的用法。本题中的quality后面有of patience来修饰，因此是特指，前面要加the;第二个空里的a其实是修饰后面的self“一个……的自我”。全句意思是“耐心的品质对于把自己塑造成一个更平和、更有爱心的自我大有好处”。go a long way toward“在……大有效果，对……大有好处”也是解本题的关键。
2.All I request　　　　　 you is that you 　　　　　on time.?
A.from;be B.of;be? C.from;are D.of;are?
答案：B　request sth.of sb.“要求某人做某事”，request后面的从句要用虚拟语气。
3.The manager charged him　　　　　the task.?
A.with B.for? C.to D.by?
答案：A　charge sb.with sth.“让某人承担某事”。本句意为“经理让他承担那项工作”。
4.Mike is out of　　　　　because he never gets any exercise.?
A.state B.condition? C.conditions D.situation?
答案：B　out of condition是习惯搭配，意为“不健康”。
5.Mr Wang,　　　　　　 you,should be responsible for the incident.?
A.rather than B.or rather? C.even if D.all over?
答案：A　rather than 常常用来连接两个并列的成分，意为“而不是”。在本题中，它用来连接两个并列的主语。or rather意为“更确切地说”，常用来解释前面所说的内容。
6.The former mayor of Shanghai is　　　　　taking bribes and appropriating government money.?
A.charged of B.reminded of? C.accused of D.spoken of?
答案：C　本题考查短语。句意：前上海市长被控受贿挪用公款。charge“控告”，但其后不用of，而用with。be accused of“被控诉”。
7.　　　　　　　　 evidence that language acquiring ability must be stimulated.?
A.It being B.It is? C.There is D.There being?
答案：C　分析该题题干可知，句子缺少主语和谓语部分，首先排除A、D两项；在that引导的从句中，that不作任何成分，只起连接作用，并引导evidence的同位语从句。句意为：有证据表明，学习语言的能力必须激发。
8.All the people around the world have the same simple dream　　　　　　they will always live peace and comfort.?
A.that B.which? C.where D.when?
答案：A　句意是：世界上所有的人都有同一个简单的梦想，即他们会一直生活在和平、舒适之中。that引导同位语从句，具体说明dream的内容。
9.　　　　　　　 to live for only half a year, the boy was still　　　　　about his life.?
A.Told; optimistic? B.Being told; enthusiastic?
C.Telling;worried? D.Having told;concerned?
答案：A　本题考查非谓语动词。对于the boy来说，应该是被告诉，所以应选A项。虽然being told也是表示被动，但指的是“正在被告知”，与题意不符。
10.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to　　　　　.?
A.rewards B.prizes? C.awards D.results?
答案：A　本题考查几个名词的区别。此句可译为：我们普遍认为，小孩学着做事情是因为他们知道这样做会得到报酬。reward“报酬”；prize“奖励”；award“奖励”；result“结果”。
11.—The glass is broken; whose　　　　　is it??
—Sorry,it’s mine.?
A.fault B.mistake? C.turn D.error?
答案：A　由题意看出，此处应表示“是谁的错”，强调过失，只有A项合适。C项意为“依次，轮流”；D项意为“错误（=mistake）”。
12.I don’t want to quarrel　　　　　you　　　　　the price.?
A.with;over B.with;on? C.against;about D.against ;in?
答案：A　题意：我不想为价格跟你争吵。quarrel with sb.over/about sth.“为某事同某人争吵”。
13.He doesn’t work but he gets a good 　　　　　from his investments.?
A.wage B.income? C.earning D.salary?
答案：B　income的意思是“收入，所得”。wage常常用于复数形式，意思是“工资，报酬”，多指工人按小时或天数获得的报酬；earning一般用复数形式，意思是“挣得的钱”；salary的意思是“薪金、薪水”。
14.The weather has been cold 　　　　　this spring.?
A.by far B. so far? C.the other day D.at one time?
答案：B　by far表示“……得多”，常修饰比较级和最高极；so far指“到目前为止”；the other day指“前几天”；at one time意为“曾经，一度”。C、D两项都与一般过去时连用，而B项与完成时连用。
15. 　　　　　many times, the Great Wall of China has taken on a new look.?
A.Added B.Add to? C.Added to D.Having added to?
答案：C　add to的意思是“增添，增加”。根据句意可知，the Great Wall和谓语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以选C项。
16. 　　　　　is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.?
A.He B.It? C.That D.What?
答案：D　what is hard为主语从句，what 在此引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。
17.So clearly　　　　　that even beginners understood what it meant.?
A.he said B.did he say? C.did he speak D.he spoke?
答案：C　此句为状语从句，当“so+?adj./adv.?”位于句首时，后面的部分需要使用部分倒装的结构。speak指“说话，说语言”，say指“说的内容”。
18.He asked,“Are you a Party member or a League member?”（改为间接引语）?
He asked me　　　　　.?
A.am I a Party member or League member?
B.was I a Party member or a League member ?
C.if I was a Party member or a League member?
D.whether was I a Party member or a League member.?
答案：C　直接引语为选择疑问句，变间接引语时要用whether或if来引导宾语从句。
19.A worker will be immediately fired if he is found 　　　　　in the office.?
A.drink B.drinking? C.to drink D.drunk?
答案：B　本题考查find sb.doing的用法。A、C两项均不符合要求；D项看作过去分词，表示被动意义，明显不合题意。
20.She thought I was talking about her daughter, 　　　　　, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.?
A.whom B.where? C.which D.while?
答案：D　由“...in fact,I was talking about my daughter.”可知，空格处应表示转折。while除了表示时间之外，还可以表示转折，意思是“而……”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
?
A?
It is exciting to apply for a job that really suits you. In making your application, there are a number of points for you to observe(遵循). In your letter of application, aim to say just enough to give a good account of yourself, without being dull. If you are answering an advertisement ,any information for which it asks must, of course, be given. This will usually cover your scholastic (学习的) record and any further education and training. You may also be asked to give the names of one or two persons to supply references. For this purpose you should choose people who know you well enough to assure your character and ability;and politely you should seek in advance their permission to be named as referees.?
It will depend on facts how much you can usefully add about yourself. Your purpose is to
bring to the notice of the employer any good reason why you rather than any of the other
applicants should be chosen for the job. If therefore you feel you have any special skill or
aptitude (天分) for the work or,for example, any particular interest in the line of business,let this be known.Finally,there is your use of language.You cannot go wrong if you keep your sentences and paragraphs short,making sure the sense is clear and well expressed.Choose plain words so long as they understand your meaning.?
1.The aim of writing a letter of application is to　　　　　　.?
A.indicate why you are most suitable for the job?
B.show to the employer your scholastic record?
C.show your character and ability?
D.give enough information about yourself?
答案：A　根据文章第二段第二句“Your purpose is to bring to the notice of the employer any good reason why you rather than any of the other applicants should be chosen for the job.”可得出答案。
2.In your letter of application, try to 　　　　　　.?
A.keep it as short as possible?
B.give more information about your education and training
C.say briefly with enough information?
D.cover your scholastic record fully?
答案：C　根据文章第一段第三句“In your letter of application,aim to say just enough to give a good account of yourself,without being dull.”可得出答案。
3.By the underlined word “referees” in Para. 1 ,the author means “persons　　　　　　　　”. A.who are willing to comment on your character and ability?
B.who write reference books on employees for the employer?
C.to whom discussion are referred for decisions?
D.who are appointed to examine and give judgement on a matter
答案：A　文章第一段最后一句提到referee这个词，而这句话的前半部分讲他们应能为你的人品和能力作出担保，因此可判断该词意为“担保人”。
4.The best title for this passage could be　　　　　　.?
A.How to Find a Job? B.Effective Letter Writing?
C.How to Write an Application Letter? D.Apply for a Job?
答案：C　纵观全文，作者概述了在写求职信时应注意的几个问题。
B
1.Summer came early to Middlesbrough yesterday,as tempearture shot up to 22℃ (71°F),a record for March.But local NFU agent Jim Wilkes says it could be bad news for farmers.“The crops will think it’s summer,”he told our reporter,“and start sprouting four weeks before time.”? 2.The death toll of the Burnside train crash rose to four yesterday when John Phillips,32,of Petersville died in Wallsend Hospital.Another six people are still on the danger list. Mr Phillips,an electrical engineer leaves a wife and two children.?
3.China and the United States reached an agreement on the protection of intellectual property rights yesterday, after strenuous marathon talks.?
The agreement is good news for all parties concerned. The Chinese Foreign Trade Minister described the agreement as a “turning point” in Sino-US trade relations that “promises further progress” in the future.The agreement will not only favorably impact trade relations between China and the United States; it may favorably influence the overall relations between the two countries.?
5.What do you get to know from Article 1??
A.It is as cold as usual in Middlesbrough, and the farmers are pleased.?
B.It is hotter than usual in Middlesbrough,and the farmers are pleased.?
C.It is hotter than usual in Middlesbrough,and the farmers are worried.?
D.It is colder than usual in Middlesbrough,and the farmers are worried.
答案：C　从文中“Summer came early to Middlesbrogh yesterday,as temperatures shot up to 22℃(71°F)”和“...bad news for farmers.”可得出答案。
6.How many people have died in the train crash in Article 2?
A.Only John Phillips has died.?
B.Ten people have died in the crash,including John Phillips.?
C.Four people have died in the crash, including John Phillips.?
D.John Phillips, his wife and children all died in the crash.
答案：C　从文中“The death toll of the Burnside train crash rose to four yesterday when John Phillips,32,of Petersville died in Wallsend Hospital.”可得出答案。
7.Who are on the danger list??
A.Petersville and Wallsend.?
B.An electrical engineer and John Phillips.?
C.John Phillips’ wife and two children.?
D.Another six people who were on the train.
答案：D　从文第二段中“Another six people are still on the danger list.”可得出答案。
8.What agreement did China and the United States reach in Article 3??
A.It is an agreement on a marathon race.?
B.It is an agreement on trade relations.?
C.It is an agreement on overall relations.?
D.It is an agreement on intellectual property rights protection.
答案：D　从文中“China and the United States reached an agreement on the protection of intellectual property rights yesterday,....”可得出答案。
Section Ⅱ　Interviews
重点词汇
1. instant
1) n.片刻，瞬息?
①He paused for an instant.?
他停顿了一会。
②I shall be back in an instant.?
我马上就回来。
③I recognized my teacher the instant that I saw her.?
我一眼就认出了我的老师。
2）adj.立即的，即刻的，速食的，速溶的?
instant coffee 速溶咖啡?
He took an instant dislike to her.?
他一见到她就不喜欢她。
知识拓展
in an instant 马上，片刻之间?
for an instant 一时之间?
the instant（that）=the moment/minute=as soon as 一……就
instantly ?adv.? 立即，马上?
He knew instantly something was wrong.?
他立刻意识到出问题了。?
即学即用
(1)Mary told us on the phone she would be back 　　　　　.?
A.in an instant B.in instants? C.for instance D.for an instant?
答案：A　意为“玛丽在电话中告诉我们她即刻就回来”。in an instant “即刻，马上”；for instance“例如”；for an instant “刹那间”，B项结构错误，故选A。
（2）—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her??
—Yes. I gave it to her 　　　　　I saw her.?
A.while B.the instant? C.suddenly D.once?
答案：B　while“当……的时候”；the instant“一……就……”；suddenly“突然”；once“一旦”。根据答语“是的。我一见到她就把它给她了”，故选B。
2. serve
1) vt.?为……服务，效力；做……用；侍候，款待，供应（饮食）?
serve sb. 为某人服务?
serve...as 作为……以报效；做……用?
serve sb.（with）sth./serve sth. to sb. 用某物款待某人/供应某人某物?
①Serve the people heart and soul.（=Serve the people whole heartedly.）?
全心全意为人民服务。
?②His father served his country as a policeman.?
他的父亲当警察以报效国家。
?③That box served us as a table.?　
那箱子供我们作桌子之用。
?④Tea is served at three.?
茶点在三点钟供应。
?⑤The waiter served　　us（with）wine.?
wine to us.　　　　服务生给我们倒酒。
?注意：“供应饮食”主语为饮食，后接表语，可用主动式也可用被动式。?
①The dish serves hot with rice or bread.?
这道菜趁热就米饭或面包吃。
?②It can be served either hot or cold.?
这菜热吃或冷吃均可。
2) vi.服役；服务；可作……之用?
①He served in the navy for three years.?
他在海军服役了三年。
?②This sofa serves as a bed.?
这个沙发可作床用。
?③This tool serves for many purposes.?
这个工具可用作很多用途。
即学即用
完成句子
人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。?
There is a limit to one’s life, but no limit to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案：serving the people
3. battle
1) n.战斗，战役?
①Their whole life was a constant battle against poverty.?
他们一生都在不断地与贫穷作斗争。
②His brave deeds in the battle earned him great glory.?
他在那场战役中的英勇事迹为他赢得了巨大的荣誉。
2）v.搏斗，奋斗，斗争?
①Minorities must still battle against discrimination.?
少数民族依旧必须和种族歧视抗争。
②Jack battle for freedom as a filmmaker.?
作为电影制片人，杰克为自由而战。
③Doctors are battling to save the patient’s life.?
医生们正在奋力抢救那个病人的生命。
知识拓展
do battle with sb. over sth. 为某事与某人进行激烈斗争?
do battle for... 为……战斗/斗争?
do battle against...与……战斗/斗争?
battle against 与……作战/斗争?
battle for 为……而战斗?
battle to do sth. 奋力做某事?
词语辨析?
battle, war?
1）battle通常指具体的武装冲突或某一局部规模较大的战斗。
2）war是“战争”的总称，多指国家间或国内各军事力量间的“战争”。一般说来，一次war可以包括若干次battle。?
①It was one of the biggest battles in the whole war.?
它是整个战争中最大的战役之一。
②The two countries have been at war for many years.?
这两个国家间的战争已打了多年了。
即学即用
The President’s advisors were engaged in a 　　　　　　　for power.?
A.fight B.war? C.struggle D.battle?
答案：D　本题考查单词辨析。此句可译为：总统的顾问们进行着一场权力之争。fight指“具体的争斗”；war指“国家之间的战争的总称”;struggle指“较长时期、激烈的争斗”，往往指“肉体上和精神的斗争”；battle“战役”往往指“持续数小时或数天的战争”，本句中是比喻“争夺权力之战”。
4. cattle ?n.?（复数）牲畜；牛的总称
①Cattle feed on grass.?
牛吃草。
②He has 20（head of）cattle on the farm.?
他的农场有20头牲畜。
注意：?
①a head of cattle　1头牛?
three head of cattle　3头牛
不能说：three heads of cattle或three heads of cattles?
②不同的“牛”的表达法：?
cattle 牛（牛的总称）?
cow 母牛（奶牛）?
bull 公牛（未阉割过的公牛）?
ox 公牛（肉用，拖货用的公牛）?
即学即用
翻译句子?
河边有5头牛。?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
答案： There are five(head of)cattle near the river.
5. surrounding ?adj.? 附近的，周围的
①A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come from the surrounding countryside.?
学校里很多孩子并不住在这个城镇，而是来自于周围的乡村。
②The hotel is ideally located for visiting the city and the surrounding area.?
要想游览这座城市和周边地区，这家旅馆所在的位置很理想。
知识拓展
surroundings n.环境，周围的事物?
surround vt.包围，环绕?
①The Smiths are living in pleasant surroundings.?
史密斯一家人生活于舒适的环境中。
②His house is surrounded with/by trees.?
他的房子四周都是树。
词语辨析?
surroundings, condition, environment, circumstances
surroundings
作为“环境”，常用复数形式，主要指周围的物质环境。
condition
复数形式conditions可表示“环境，情况”的意思，但它主要是抽象意义上的。
environment
环境，指大的自然环境，范围比surroundings大，有时也指人成长的家庭环境，强调环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响。
circumstances
指人生存的客观环境，还可以指“境地，境遇”，尤指经济状况。
即学即用
The young man got lost in the city.It seems that he is not familiar with the .?
A.troops B.tensions? C.surroundings D.suits?
答案：C　本题考查surrounding的用法。此句可译为：那位年轻人在城里迷了路，看起来他好像对城里的环境不熟悉。根据前一句的句意“那个年轻人在城里迷了路”可推断出“他好像对环境不熟悉”。surrounding作名词时常用作复数，表示“环境”之意。
6. wisdom ?n.? 智慧，才智
①Citizens groups are questioning the wisdom of building an entirely new subway system.?
市民团体在质疑建造一个全新地铁系统是否明智。
②He gained wisdom from his broad experience.?
他从丰富的经验里获得了智慧。
知识拓展
wise ?adj.? 聪明的；英明的；有见识的?
①He was wise enough not to drive when he was feeling ill.?
他很明智，在感到不舒服时，便不开车。
②The advice proved（to be）wise.?
这一忠告证明是非常明智的。
词语辨析?
wise, clever?
wise强调由于知识、经验丰富而判断正确；clever强调头脑灵活、思维敏捷和手工精巧。?
He’s clever at maths.?
他在算术方面思维敏捷。?
即学即用?
完成句子?
现在开始为退休存钱是明智的。?
It is 　　　　　　 　　　　　　start saving money now for your retirement.?
答案：wise to
7. scare ?v.? 使惊吓，恐惧
①Ignore him; he’s just trying to scare us.?
不要理他，他只想吓唬我们罢了。
②Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well.?
有些父母试图用吓唬的法子使孩子守规矩。
③We lit fires to scare away the wolves.?
我们点起火堆来吓跑狼群。
④He was scared to go there alone.?
他害怕一个人去那儿。
⑤He was scared by the thunder.?
他被雷声惊吓了。
⑥I was scared out of wits.?
可把我吓坏了。
知识拓展
scare sb. 使某人恐惧?
scare sb.+?adj.? 把某人吓得……?
scare sb. into doing 吓得某人……?
scare sb. out of one’s wits 把某人吓得要死?
scare sb. off/away 把某人吓跑?
be scared of/by/at... 怕……（被……惊吓）?
be scared to do 害怕做……
即学即用?
When we were young, we were scared 　　　　　　stay outside after 10:00 p.m., because we were scared 　　　　　　being robbed.?
A.to; to B.to; of? C.of; to D.of ;of
答案：B　be scared to do sth. “害怕做某事”，强调动作；be scared of(doing)sth.意为“害怕（做）某事”，强调结果，均为固定搭配。
8. ruin
1) v.毁坏，使破产?
①She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.?
她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画给毁了。
②I was ruined by that law case.?
我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
③The fire ruined the books in the library.?
大火毁掉了图书馆的书。
2) n.毁灭，崩溃；(复数)废墟?
①The war brought ruin to the country.?
战争给这个国家带来了毁灭。
②The ruin of property caused by the earthquake was very great.?
那次地震所导致的财产损失极大。
③The building is in ruins.?
那建筑已成废墟。
知识拓展
1）be in ruins成为废墟?
bring...to ruin使……毁灭；使……没落?
come/fall+to/into ruin灭亡；荒废?
2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡?
ruin one’s health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉?
词语辨析
ruin, destroy， damage
1)ruin既可指有形物体的完全毁灭，也可指无形的包括精神上的东西的彻底破产。?
ruin one’s hope/wish 使某人的希望破灭?
What he faced ruined his hope.?
他所面对的使他的希望破灭了。
?
2）destroy指有形的东西彻底地破坏、毁坏。表示严重毁坏某物，使之不复存在或无法修复。①The explosion destroyed the bridge thoroughly.?
爆炸把桥彻底毁了。
②The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.?
整个城市在地震中被毁掉了。
3）damage指造成了破坏或损害，但不是毁灭性的，程度弱于destroy。用于物体部分损失，一般可修复。?
They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.
他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。
即学即用?
I was 　　　　　　by that law case. I’m a 　　　　　　man.?
A.ruined; ruined B.ruined; destroying?
C.damaged; destroyed D.destroyed; damaging?
答案：A　句意为：我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产，不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中，指损坏到了不能再使用的程度;damage不能指人，只指物；destroy指完全彻底地破坏，含有无法修复之意，也可用于借喻。第二个空应用过去分词作定语，表被动和完成之意。
重点短语
1. turn up
1)开大，调高?
Can you turn the TV up??
你能把电视机的音量开大些吗？
2）出现，到场?
①I wonder when they will turn up.?
我想知道他们什么时候才能来。
②I was expecting him at ten, but he didn’t turn up.?
我一直等他到10点，但他却没来。
3）找到，被发现?
①The police have turned up a lot of new information about the wanted man.?
警方发现了许多有关通缉犯的新资料。
②The papers will turn up sooner or later.?
文件迟早会找到的。
知识拓展
turn against背叛，（情况等）对……不利?
turn around转身，使……好转?
turn away离开，把……打发走?
turn on打开?
turn in上交；欺骗?
turn out结果是；生产，制造；赶走?
turn down关小，拒绝?
turn off关掉?
turn to转向，求助于?
①Even those who were once for him begin to turn against him.?
连那些原来支持他的人也开始反对他了。
②How do you think the match will turn out??
你想比赛结果会是怎么样？
③Quick, turn off the gas; the milk will boil over.?
快把煤气关掉，牛奶要溢出来了。
即学即用
The missing bag　　　　　　　,completely empty ,in an old car.?
A.turned off B.turned on? C.turned up D.turned out?
答案：C　turn off“关掉”；turn on“打开”；turn out“结果是”;turn up“出现，找到，被发现”；故选C。
2. make up?
1）组成，形成?
①How many countries make up the Common Market??
（欧洲）共同市场由多少个国家组成。
②In Los Angeles, minority groups make up 64% of the population.?
在洛杉矶，少数民族占总人口的64%。
2）编造，虚构?
①The student made up an excuse for his being late.?
那个学生为他的迟到编了一个借口。
②Tom makes up stories to amuse his little brother.?
汤姆编故事逗他的小弟弟。
3）化妆，打扮?
The girl made up her face carefully before going to meet James.?
这姑娘与詹姆斯会面之前，精心打扮了一番。
4）补偿，弥补?
You are responsible for the money and you will have to make up the loss.?
这笔款由你负责，如有丢失，你得赔偿。
知识拓展
make up for补偿；弥补?
make for走向……；有助于?
be made up of由……构成；由……组成?
make out辨认出；理解?
make use of利用，使用?
make a difference产生差别；有影响?
make sense有意义；讲得通?
make sense of理解?
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（1）Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and 　　　　　　jokes.?
A.turning up Ｂ.putting up? C.making up D.showing up?
答案：C　本题考查短语辨析。句意为“村里的每个人都喜欢杰克，因为他擅长编讲笑话”。turn up“出现，露面”；put up“建立”；make up“编造”；show up“使显眼，显现”，故选C。
(2)You must 　　　　　　 what you owe before the end of the month.?
A.turn up B.put up? C.make up D.show up?
答案：C　本题考查短语动词的用法。turn up意为“出现，露面”；put up意为“建立”；make up意为“弥补，归还；编造，组成”；show up意为“显现”。
3. make out
1)假装，装出，声称?
①She always makes out she’s the only one who does any work.?
她总是声称自己是唯一干了点活的人。
②He made out that he’d won the lottery.?
他装出中了彩票的样子。
2）理解；辨认出?
①He made out what she was saying, and turned away.?
他明白了她在说什么，转身走开了。
②I can hardly make out his writing.?
我几乎辨认不出他的笔迹。
3)看出，听出?
We made out a figure in the darkness.?
我们在黑暗里看出一个人的轮廓。
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He 　　　　　　himself out to be a professor,but in fact,he was a man without any job.?
A.put B.made? C.turned D.pointed?
答案：B　make out“假装，声称”。
4. go into detail(s) 讨论，细谈
①Mr Smith wouldn’t go into details about the problem.?
史密斯先生不愿意细谈这一问题。
②I can’t go into details now.?
我现在不能细说。
知识拓展
go into 从事（某职业）；（时间、金钱、力气等）被用于；彻底调查；深究?
①Sophie wants to go into the army.?
索菲想参军。
②Years of research has gone into this book.?
写这本书花了许多年时间做研究。
③My broker is going into the question of long-term insurance.?
我的经纪人正深入调查长期保险的问题。
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完成句子?
汤姆不想谈论公司收入的详细情况。?
Tom didn’t want to 　　　 　　　 about the company’s earnings.答案：go into details
5. speak up大声地说，自由而大胆地说出
①Speak up, please. I can’t hear you.?
请大声一点，我听不到你说的话。
②He spoke up, gathering courage.?
他鼓起勇气直截了当地说了。
知识拓展
speak up for...替……说话，支持……?
speak for... 代表……讲话?
speak out... 畅所欲言?
speak to 谈及，提及?
speak foUnit 15　Learning
主题情景呈现
核心知识探究
词汇
tick, backwards, correction, simplify, secure, suspect, instruct, bury, conservative, assignment, alternative, outstanding, punishment, reflect, reputation, slight, loose, obey, mild, select, misunderstand, lack, access, worthwhile, acquire, rank, worthy, religion, defence, ignore, assumption, urge, inspire, conventional, civilisation, vital, beneficial, assume, adapt, appreciation, frankly speaking, lay off, to a certain extent, set off, be accustomed to, tend to, approve of, as a whole
核心
句型
1.too...to 结构（教材P36）
2.be about to...when...（教材P36）
3.It’s time... (教材P36)
核心
语法
虚拟语气
背景e站链接
Long life learning
As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind.　①　 Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate 　②　 nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain 　③　 our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity　④　. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible　⑤　fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty　⑥　.
①As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. 学习之于心灵，就象食物之于肉体一样.
②adequate 能满足需要(量)的,足够的
③maintain 维持;保持;使继续
④intellectual capacity 智力
⑤inexhaustible 1. 用之不竭的;无穷无尽的 2. 不会疲劳的,不倦的
⑥uncertainty 不确定;不确信;易变;不可靠
Warming?up
1.tick vt. 打勾做记号；发出滴答声
①Please tick the appropriate box.
请在适合的方框内打钩。
②In the silence we could hear the clock ticking.
寂静中，我们能听到钟表滴答作响。
知识拓展
tick sth. away （时间）流逝；逝去
tick sb. off 斥责/责骂（尤指犯错的孩子）
①Mary stared at the clock as the morning ticked away.
玛丽凝视着那只钟，看着整个上午一分一秒地过去。
②Her attitude is really ticking me off.
她的态度真的把我给惹恼了。
即学即用
完成句子
时间在时钟的滴答声中过去。
The clock the time.
答案：ticked away
2.connection n. 联系，关联；连结
①Today there is more awareness of the connection between food and health.
现在人们更关注食物与健康之间的关系。
②Police have yet to establish a connection between the two murders.
警方尚未确定这两起谋杀案是否有关联。
③Your computer screen must have a loose connection somewhere.
你的电脑显示器一定是某个地方接触不良。
知识拓展
1)in connection with 与……有关系；关于
Tom’s father may be in connection with them.
汤姆的父亲可能同他们有关系。
2)connect v. 连接，连结
①Many people connect Germany with beer.
许多人把德国同啤酒联系在一起。
②The Browns are connected with the Whites.
布朗家同怀特家有联系。
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完成句子
这个最新的软件使上网又快又容易。
The latest software makes the Internet fast and easy.
答案：connection to
3.match
1)vt. 与……相配；与……匹敌，使……与……交手（比赛）
①Her clothes don’t match her age.
她的衣服与她的年龄不相配。
②No one can match her in knowledge of pop music.
在流行音乐知识方面无人能与她匹敌。
③We are matched against last year’s champions in the first round.
我们第一轮即遭遇了去年的冠军。
2)n. 比赛；相配；与……棋逢对手
①This tie is a good match for your suit.
这条领带与你的衣服很搭配。
②Washington was no match for Spartans.
华盛顿队不是斯巴达人的对手。
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What surprised us was that he his shooting skill against the expert’s.
A.matched B.fitted
C.showed D.made
答案：A
4.correction n. 修改，纠正
①It just needs a few corrections before we can send it to the printer.
在我们把它送去印刷之前只需作几处修改。
②Please hand in your papers for correction.
请将你们的试卷交上来批改。
③She makes all her corrections with a green pen.
她所有的改正都是用绿笔做的。
知识拓展
correct v. 改正,批改,矫正
①Correct my pronunciation if it’s wrong.
如果我的发音错了，请予以纠正。
②She spent the whole evening correcting exam papers.
她花了整个晚上批改试卷。
③Some eyesight problems are relatively easy to correct.
有些视力问题是相对容易矫正的。
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选词填空
(1)Please the mistakes in your homework. (correct;correction)
(2)The of compositions took a large part of the teacher’s time. (correction;right)
答案：(1)correct　 (2)correction
5.simplify v. 使简易，使简化
an attempt to simplify the tax laws 简化税法的尝试
①Try to simplify your explanation for the children.
设法解释得简明一些，好让孩子们听懂。
②The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.
这个故事里的英语被简写了，可更容易理解。
知识拓展
simple adj. 简单的；朴素的；单纯的
simply adv. 简单地，完全，简直，仅仅
①Such a toy is simple to make.
这种玩具做起来很简单。
②He goes there simply because he likes to.
他去那儿只是因为他喜欢去。
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You should what you had said so that the students could understand it quickly.
A.simply B.simple
C.simplify D.simplified
答案：C simply是副词，simple是形容词，simplify是动词，simplified为过去式。根据题意，应选择动词原形。
重点短语
begin with(=start with)以/从……开始
①His illness began/started with a slight cold.
他的病是从轻微的感冒开始的。
②Begin with this one and do the others afterwards.
从这个开始，然后接着做其他的。
注意：begin with 表示“以……作为开始”，若表示“开始”的方法用by,表示“着手做”的对象用on。
①The teacher began by telling a joke.
老师上课前先讲了个笑话。
②She began on the violin and later changed to the cello.
她刚开始学的是小提琴，后来改学大提琴。
知识拓展
1)to begin with(=first of all)首先，第一（通常置于句首，用以叙述理由）
①I can’t come. To begin with, I don’t feel well. Besides, I don’t have much money.
我不能来。首先是因为身体不适，其次我也没有太多钱。
②To begin with, John is too young for that kind of job.
首先，约翰太年轻了，不能做那种工作。
2)　　end in 以……告终
end up 结束
end...with 以……结束……
①Their attempt ended in failure.
他们的企图以失败而告终。
②As a child he wished to be an actor, but he ended up as a teacher.
儿时他想当演员，可结果却当了老师。
③They ended the party with a song.(=The party ended up with a song.=The party was ended with a song.)
他们以一首歌结束了晚会。
即学即用
with this one and do the others afterwards.
A.Do B.Deal
C.Begin D.End
答案：C　本题考查词语辨析及上下文理解。begin with表示“以……开始”，与句尾的afterwards相对应，故选C。
课堂巩固
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Many battles were fought but the settlers better land than the Native Americans.
A.ended with B.ended up in
C.finished with D.ended up as
答案：A　本题考查短语辨析。end(up)with意为“以……结束”；end up as意为“最后成为……”；finish with意为“与……断绝关系”；end(up)in意为“以……告终，结局是……”。
2.She bought a pair of new shoes to her dress.
A.fit B.suit C.meet D.match
答案：D　本题考查动词词义辨析。fit表示“（大小、尺寸等）适合”；suit表示“（颜色，款式等）适合”；meet意为“适合，符合”；match意为“匹配”。
3.—What would you do if it tomorrow?
—We have to carry it on, since we have got everything ready.
A.rain B.is raining
C.will rain D.rains
答案：D　if引导条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表将来。
4.I’d appreciate if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A.that B.it C.this D.you
答案：B　本题考查it的用法。it作appreciate的形式宾语，真正的宾语是if you would like to teach me how to use the computer。
5.His plan was such a good one we all agreed to accept it.
A.as B.that C.so D.and
答案：B　句意是“他的计划是这么好，以致于我们都同意接受”。整个句子为such...that...句型，表示因果关系，that后为结果状语从句。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In the eyes of U.S movie theater owners, Sandra Bullock shined as 2009’s top Hollywood star at the box office.　1　 the actress nicknamed “America’s Sweetheart”, she scored with audiences after a two-year 　2　 from screens.
Quigley Publishing Company’s yearly list was 　3　 on Thursday about top money making stars. It was 　4　 on a survey of hundreds of theater senior managers, having Bullock 　5　 such stars as George Clooney and, because of her 　6　 in “The Proposal” and “The Blind Side”.
Romantic comedy(喜剧) “The Proposal” made $ 315 million at 　7　 box offices following its June publication, 　8　 football comedy “Tile Blind Side” has made $ 193 million only in the U. S. and Canada since its November 20 publication, with its roll-out in 　9　 countries still to come.
Bullock, who also 　10　 in the 2009 comedy “All About Steve” with its $ 34 million 　11　in the U. S. and Canada, is the eighth woman to top Quigley’s list of 　12　 money making stars, which the 　13　 has put out each year since 1932.
Quigley Publishing said the list does not rank (排列) stars only on how much 　14　 their films made, but on what theater owners say about who 　15　 audiences on their star power 　16　.
The last woman to top Quigley’s list was Julia Roberts in 1999. She didn’t 　17　 Quigley’s 2009 top 10 this year, after her turn in romantic comedy “Duplicity” 　18　 at the box office.
Bullock scored her first 　19　 with 1994 action movie “Speed” and became one of Hollywood’s 　20　 stars,but before “The Proposal” she had not starred in a film since 2007.
1.A.By B.As C.For D.With
答案：B　这里的as是一个介词，因为Bullock也是一个制片人，在本文说的是她是凭借演员的身份获得如此高的身价的。注意nicknamed在这里是过去分词做后置定语。
2.A.appearance B.silence C.absence D.presence
答案：C　文章最后一段最后一句she had not starred in a film since 2007说明她有两年的时间是息影的，也就是离开影坛有两年的时间，注意C和D正好是一组反义词。
3.A.announced B.called C.shouted D.discovered
答案：A　第一段第一句其实就是该公司对这个调查结果的宣布或者公布，所以答案选A。
4.A.focused B.depended C.based D.decided
答案：C　这项调查的名单上的结果是基于对数百个高级剧院经理人的调查得出的，也就是来源于谁，这里的be based on就是其调查基础。
5.A.hit B.won C.shook D.beaten
答案：D　注意beat和defeat的战胜或者打败的对象是人，而非奖项，所以不能用win。
6.A.roles B.actresses C.direction D.appearance
答案：A　Bullock是凭借“The Proposal”and“The Blind Side”这两部电影的角色胜出的。我们也可以用performance,但是appearance“出现”不合题意。
7.A.American B.Canadian C.national D.worldwide
答案：D　本空和后半句的only in the U.S and Canada 形成对比，说明“The Proposal”针对全球发行。
8.A.but B.and C.so D.or
答案：B　这是对两部电影的发行情况的先后介绍，两部影片都票房不俗，说明是并列关系。
9.A.others B.else C.other D.another
答案：C　与第4空和前面的only in the U.S. and Canada对应，说明还有待于在更多国家上映。
10.A.starred B.lighted C.found D.received
答案：A 这里的star是作动词，意为“担任主角”，和后半句的数额呼应，说明她的角色的分量。
11.A.performance B.expectation C.income D.popularity
答案：C 本空前的$ 34 million说明了她的收入。也和本文第一段的box office对应。
12.A.high B.bottom C.low D.top
答案：D 与第一段第一句的shined as 2009’s top Hollywood star at the box office呼应。
13.A.film B.company C.theater D.director
答案：B the company指的就是第二段第一句的Quigley Publishing Company。下一段第一句也说到了这个公司。
14.A.laughter B.tear C.cash D.effect
答案：C 文中说到了几次具体的票房收入的数额，但是该公司的调查并不仅基于此，后半句的but也说明了这一点。
15.A.attracts B.defeats C.borrows D.improves
答案：A 既要看票房收入，还要看这些明星的个人影响力，也就是对观众的吸引力，所以答案选A。
16.A.alike B.alive C.alone D.awake
答案：C 评比时看的不仅是参演电影的整体票房，还有演员本身也就是个人的号召力，这里的alone和电影整体形成对比。
17.A.make B.win C.arrive D.manage
答案：A 这里的make意为“成功登上，成功入选”，干扰项是win,注意本空的宾语是Quigley’s 2009 top 10。
18.A.realized B.imagined C.failed D.rose
答案：C 上半句的“She didn’t make Quigley’s 2009 top 10 this year” 说明Julia的这部电影“Duplicity”票房惨淡。
19.A.failure B.flight C.fight D.success
答案：D 本句说的是Bullock获得首次成功的时间和参演电影。
20.A.smallest B.biggest C.hottest D.coolest
答案：B 还有就是这部电影对她产生的影响力，自从这部电影之后她就成为了炙手可热的明星。
Section Ⅰ Life-long Learning
重点词汇
1.secure
1)adj. 稳定的；无忧无虑的
①John has a secure job in the Civil Service.
约翰在政府部门有一份稳定的工作。
②I feel more secure with a burglar alarm.
装了防盗报警器我更加安心了。
③Are you sure that the ladder is secure?
你肯定梯子牢固了吗？
2)vt. 使安全，保护，担保；拴牢，获得
①Extra men will be needed to secure the camp against attack.
需要增加兵力以保护营地免遭攻击。
②They secured the door before leaving the house.
他们把门拴牢后才离开房子。
知识拓展
1)be secure of... 对……有把握；确信
feel secure about... 对……觉得放心
She feels secure about her future.
她对自己的前途有把握。
2）securely adv.　安全可靠地
security n. 安全，保障
即学即用
Are we from interruption?
A.strong B.secure C.security D.good
答案：B be secure from(against)sth./doing sth.或secure from(against)sth./doing sth. 意思是“使……安全”。
2.swell
1)vi. 肿起，肿大，浮肿（常与up连用）
The sprain made my ankle swell up.
我的脚踝扭伤，肿了起来。
2)vi. & vt. (使)膨胀;(使)鼓起（常与out连用）
①Look! That big balloon is swelling out!
瞧！那只大气球正在膨胀！
②The wind swelled the sails.
风使帆鼓了起来。
3)vi.&vt.（使）增加;（使）增大
①Our debt has been swelling.
我们的债务一直在增加。
②The rain swelled the river.(=The river was swollen with/by the rain.)
河水因下雨而上涨。
4)vi. （心中）（感情）洋溢（常与with连用，表示“充满”）
My heart swelled with regret.
我心中满是悔恨。
即学即用
完成句子
（1）His face (肿起来) with the toothache.
（2）He’s very (自高自大的) about his success.
答案：(1)swelled up　(2)swollen-headed
3.suspect
1)v. 怀疑
①She suspected her husband had been lying.
她怀疑她丈夫一直在说谎。
②She is suspected of killing the lawyer.
她被怀疑杀死了那个律师。
③I began to suspect his motives in offering to help.
他主动要帮忙，我开始怀疑他的动机。
2)n. 嫌疑人，可疑分子adj. 靠不住的
①Several suspects were arrested.
几名嫌疑犯被逮捕。
②The evidence for this theory is suspect.
这种理论的根据是靠不住的。
知识拓展
suspect sb./sth. 怀疑某人/某事
suspect sb. of(doing) sth.怀疑某人（干）某事
suspect sb./sth. as/to be...怀疑某人/某物为……
suspect+that...怀疑……
①What made you suspect him of having broken the glass?
你凭什么怀疑是他打坏的玻璃呢？
②We all suspect her to be/as an actress, but no one knows her.
我们都猜想她是一名演员，但没有人认识她。
词语辨析
suspect, doubt
1)suspect怀疑；指猜疑、疑心，肯定的意味比较多。
2)doubt怀疑；指“拿不准”，有些不相信。
①I suspect that he is telling the truth.
我疑心他说的是实情。(有些肯定)
②I doubt whether he is telling the truth.
我怀疑他是否在讲实话。(有些怀疑)
即学即用
（1）They suspected the drug causing over 200 deaths.
A.with B.of C.to D.in
答案：B 句意：他们怀疑药物导致200多人死亡。suspect sb./sth. of sth./doing sth.的意思是“怀疑某人/某物……”。
（2）They said that the problem was in the engine,which was just what I .
A.had inspected B.had hoped
C.had suspected D.had simplified
答案：C 句意：他们说，问题出在发动机，这正是我怀疑的。suspect意为“怀疑”；inspect意为“视察”；hope意为“希望”；simplify“简化”。
4.status n. 现状;社会地位;身份
①Our organization seeks to improve the social status of disabled people.
我们的组织致力于提高残疾人的社会地位。
②The couple applied for legal immigrant status after living here for two years.
在这里居住了两年之后，这对夫妇申请了合法移民身份。
③The type of treatment used will depend on the patient’s healthy status.
要采用何种治疗方法取决于病人的情况。
注意：statue与status词形极为相似，但statue意为“雕像，塑像”。
the Statue of Liberty 自由女神像
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He is after wealth and .
A.situation B.class C.status D.state
答案：C 句意：他追求财富和地位。status“地位”。
5.chief
1)adj.最高级别的；最重要的；主要的
①Tom is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
汤姆是最高法院的首席大法官。
②Jack was appointed chief engineer of the project.
杰克被委托为该项工程的总工程师。
③Advertising provides the radio station’s chief form of revenue.
广告是该电台最主要的收入形式。
2)n.首领，领袖，长官;酋长，族长
The president is also the chief of the armed forces.
总统也是三军的统帅。
an Indian chief　一位印第安酋长
the chief executive(AmE)行政首长（指州长，政府首脑等）
词语辨析
chief, main, major， principal
四个词都有“主要的”，“重要的”的意思。
1）chief通常用于指身份、地位或职权方面处于第一位的人或物。
2）main指某事件或某个东西或整体中最主要的、最明显的部分，通常只作定语。
3）major指“比较重要的”，尤指在规模、数量、重要性等方面占有比较突出的地位。
4）principal常用来指大小和地位优于任何其他的人或物。
①Rice is the chief crop of India.
稻米是印度的主要作物。
②Note down the main points of the speech.
把演讲的要点记下来。
③He is one of the major poets today.
他是当今主要诗人之一。
④The Nile is one of the principal rivers of Africa.
尼罗河是非洲的主要河流之一。
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完成句子
上学的主要原因是为了学习。
The going to school is to learn.
答案：chief reason for
6.instruct vt. 教导，指导
①She instructed me in how to use the computer.
她教我如何使用计算机。
②All our staff have been instructed in sign language.
我们所有的员工都接受过手语训练。
③The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately.
那封信指示他立即向总部汇报。
④Having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心十足了。
知识拓展
1)instruct sb.(in...)(在……方面)指导（教授）某人
instruct sb. (in/on)how to do...指导某人如何做……
instruct sb. to do...　命令某人做……
instruct sb. on sth.　向某人说明某事
instruct sb. that...　通知某人……
2)instruction n. 指导，指示；用法说明
follow the instructions 按照说明
instructions to do sth. 做……的指示
on sb.’s instructions 按照某人的吩咐
under(sb.’s)instruction 在（某人的）教导下
①I’m under instructions to keep speech short.
我接到指示讲话要简短。
②On his instructions, the luggage had been sent on.
按照他的吩咐，行李已先行送走。
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（1）Mr. White made his class lively while us in chemistry.
A.instruct B.instructing
C.instructed D.to instruct
答案：B while后接的从句主语与主句主语一致时，从句的主语可省略，用动词的-ing形式。
（2）The company him that he would be employed.
A.instructed B.taught
C.trained D.ordered
答案：A句意：公司通知他被录用了。
7.bury vt. 埋葬，隐藏;安葬,下葬;蒙住(脸)
①He buried the treasure under the ground.
他把财宝埋在地下。
②He is buried in the cemetery.
他被葬在墓地里。
③She buried her face in her hands, crying.
她双手蒙住脸，哭了起来。
知识拓展
be buried in... 陷入；专心于(工作等)
①He is buried in grief.
他陷于悲哀之中。
②After the divorce, she was buried in her work.
离婚后，她埋头于工作。
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In the evenings he himself in the experiment.
A.devoted B.attributed
C.buried D.focused
答案：C bury oneself in sth意为“专心致志于某事”。
重点短语
1.frankly speaking 坦率地说；老实说，说实话(同frankly/to be frank)
①Frankly speaking, I don’t think the plan will succeed.
坦白地说，我认为这个计划不会成功。
②Frankly speaking, you are wrong.
坦白说，你错了。
知识拓展
honestly speaking...(=to be honest...)说实话……
generally speaking... 一般来说……
exactly speaking...确切地说……
strictly speaking...严格地说……
personally speaking...就我个人而言
①Honestly speaking, I didn’t really tell anyone.
说实话，我真的没告诉过任何人。
②Personally speaking, I prefer the second option.
就我个人而言，我更倾向第二种选择。
③Strictly speaking, the book is not a novel, but a short story.
严格地说，这本书不能算小说，而是短篇故事。
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同义句转换
A:To tell the truth,she is not your own mother.
B: ,she is not your own mother.
C: ,she is not your own mother.
答案：To be frank；Frankly speaking
2.lay off 裁员；解雇
①Harry was laid off for six months during the recession.
在经济衰退时期，哈利下岗了六个月。
②A company employing ten workers might lay off two in bad times.
一家雇十个工人的公司可能在困难时期裁掉两个人。
知识拓展
lay vt. 放置；铺；产（蛋，卵）；设置
lay sb. out 打昏（某人）
lay sth. aside 把……放在一边；储存
lay sth. down(开始)建造某物；停止行使某事物，放弃某事物；制定（规则、原则等）
lay sb. up（通常用于被动语态）使某人卧床、不能工作等
①The boxer was laid out in the fifth round.
那个拳击手在第五回合中被击昏在地。
②I’ve been laid up with flu for a week.
我患流感已在家休息一个星期了。
③She managed to lay aside a few pounds each week from her wages.
她设法每周从薪水中存几个英镑。
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The car factory is going to around 150 workers because of the drop in sales.
A.lay out B.lay on
C.lay off D.lay by
答案：C 本题考查动词短语辨析。此句可译为：那家汽车制造厂因为销售量下降，准备让150名左右工人下岗。lay out“展示，设计，布置”；lay on“提供”；lay off“解雇，停止工作”，符合句意;lay by 搁置，储蓄。
3.aside from(=apart from) 除……之外
①Aside from that little problem, the day was perfect.
除了那个小问题外，那天过得好极了。
②Aside from the technological requirements of the new system, other important issues have already been resolved.
除了新系统的技术要求，其他重要问题已经解决了。
③Aside from being too large, the trousers don’t suit me.
这条裤子不仅太大，而且也不适合我。
注意：apart from(=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外，要不是”，相当于except for,又可以表示“除……之外（还，也）”相当于besides, in addition to。
知识拓展
except prep. & conj. 除……之外(不计在内)
but prep. 除……以外
besides prep. 除……以外（还）adv. 此外
in addition to 除……之外（还）
in addition 此外
①Everyone except Adam went to the concert.
除了亚当，大家都听音乐会去了。
②I could come any day but Thursday.
除了星期四我哪天都能来。
③Will there be anyone else we know at the party besides Tom and Janet?
除了汤姆和珍妮特之外，聚会上还有我们认识的人吗？
高考直击
（2011·福建） good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
A.Far from B.Apart from
C.Instead of D.Regardless of
解析：本题考查介词短语。句意：除了好的服务外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。far from“离……远，远非”，apart from“除……之外（还）”；instead of“代替，而不是”，regardless of“不管”。由句意可知B项正确。
答案：B
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being six feet tall, my image seemed inappropriate.
A.Besides B.Aside from
C.What’s more D.Furthermore
答案：B aside from “除……之外”（=apart from）后接名词或v.-ing.
难点解析
1.It’s never too late to learn.
学习永远都不会太晚。
too...to...结构在两种情况下不表示否定，一是too前有not或never修饰或不定式前有not修饰,二是too相当于very,前用but,only,all来修饰，这时不定式一般表示原因。
①The book is written in simple English, so it is not too difficult to understand.
这本书是用简单的英语写成的，因此不难懂。
②I’m only too glad to see you.
见到你太高兴了。
注意：当too后的形容词为ready, apt(易于……)，eager, anxious等时，也表示肯定意义。
①I am too eager to have a world travel.
我很想进行一次环球旅行。
②The old man is too apt to forget.
这位老人太健忘了。
知识拓展
too...to... 太……而不能
be too much for sb. 某人应付(或忍受)不了
①My coffee is too hot to drink.
我的咖啡太烫 ，没法喝。
②The sight of so much suffering was too much for him.
满目凄苦的景象让他不忍再看。
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—Must I turn off the gas after cooking.
—Of course. You can never be careful with that.
A.enough B.too C.so D.very
答案：B　“否定词not(no, never)+too(enough)”结构表示“再怎么……也不过分”或“越……越好”。
2.Now I’m about to graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.
现在我即将从清华大学的继续教育学院毕业，通过远程教育学习获得计算机工程专业的学士学位。
“be about to+动词原形”，表示“即将，马上”。本短语表示立刻要发生的动作。所以无须用at once, in a few minutes之类的时间状语修饰。
①He is about to leave.
他马上就要离开。
②The water is about to boil.
水就要开了。
知识拓展
“be about to+动词原形”可以与并列连词when连用，用于过去时，意思是“刚(正)要……这时……”。
“be about to+动词原形”用于否定句，该句表示“不愿，无意”之意。
①Your wife was about to phone you when you came back.
你妻子刚要给你打电话，这时你回来了。
②I’ve never done any cooking and I’m not about to start now.
我从来没有做过饭，也不想从现在开始做起来。
注意：when在此表示“正在这时/那时”，后面是出现的一种新情况，此时when不可换成while或as,主句多用过去时态。
高考直击
(2010·全国Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird.
A.when B.if C.and D.till
解析：考查“be about to do...when...”这一结构,表示“正要干……这时……”。句意:汤姆正要关窗户,这时他的注意力被一只小鸟吸引住了。
答案：A
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He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder.
A.as B.until C.while D.when
答案：D 此题考查的是句式“be about to do sth.... when...”，表示“正要做某事，这时……”。
3.Because of my new qualification, I’m getting promoted at work.
因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋升。
1)本句中get是连系动词，表示“变成”（与过去分词连用构成被动语态）。
①You should wash that cut—it might get infected.
你应该清洗一下那处伤口——它可能会感染的。
②They got punished by the teacher.
他们受到了那名教师的惩罚。
知识拓展
get+adj. 变得
get+doing sth. 做起某事来
get+to do开始感觉到，认识到
①You will get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella.
雨天出去不带伞会淋湿的。
②We got chatting and discovered we’d been at the same college.
我们开始聊了起来才发现原来我们是校友。
③After a time you get to realize that these things don’t matter.
过一段时间你就知道这些事无关紧要。
2)句中qualification意思为“资格”，此外该词还可以表示“条件；执照”。
①He has no qualification for this job.
他没有资格担任这项工作。
②I can recommend this book without any qualification.
我会无条件地推荐这本书。
③He has a medical qualification.
他有医生执照。
知识拓展
qualify vt. 给予资格；使……具有资格；限制，缓和；修饰
vi. 取得资格/执照
①He is qualified to coach/for coaching the football team.
(=He is qualified as/to be a coach of the football team.)
他有资格教这支足球队。
②She qualified her earlier remark.
她对她先前的话加以条件限制。
③Very can qualify an adjective or an adverb.
very可以修饰形容词或副词。
④He qualified as a dentist.
他有资格当一名牙医。
注意：qualified adj. 合格的；有资格的
即学即用
（1）There is something wrong with Jack’s MP3.He is going to get it .
A.fix B.fixing C.to fix D.fixed
答案：D 本题考查“get+sth.+done”结构。此句可译为：杰克的MP3坏了，他打算让人修一下。get + O（宾）+OC(宾补)的结构，表示“把这个MP3送去修理”，应该是“get sth.done的结构”，意为“请或让某人干某事”，而且表被动，故用fixed。
(2)The air has leaked out of this football.Could you get it up?
A.blow B.blowing C.blown D.to blow
答案：C 本题考查了“get sth.done”结构。此句可译为：这个足球漏气了，你能给它打上气吗？“get sth.done”结构，表示“请或让人做某事”，强调“某事被做”。
（3）As he has worked in the company as an electrical engineer for ten years, he has every
for the job.
A.qualification B.ability C.quality D.quantity
答案：A本题考查名词词义辨析。qualification for“适合……的能力/资格”。
4.I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure full-time job.
我决定再给自己一个机会，在保持一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得学位。
1)a second“再一次”；序数词(first除外)前加不定冠词，表示“再，又，还”的意思，所表达的内容是没有范围限定的延续。
Though he failed again, he decided to try a sixth time.
虽然他又失败了，但他决定再试一次。
知识拓展
序数词之前加the表示范围内的顺序;
表示分数的序数词前不加定冠词;
序数词作副词时，不用定冠词;
一些由序数词构成的固定短语中不用定冠词。
①My son sat in the fourth row.
我儿子坐在第四排。
②Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees.
这地方三分之二覆盖着森林。
③First come, first served.
先来者，先接待。
at first 起初first of all 首先
2)本句中的while keeping是省略句，此处省略了I was。while后的动词必须是延续性动词，该动词的动作发出者必须是句子的主语,while强调两个动作的同时发生。
①He earned a sum of money while(he was)spending his holiday near the sea.
在海边度假时，他挣了一大笔钱。
②While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当我在街上走的时候，我听见有人在叫我。
高考直击
（2010·北京）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get second chance to make first impression.
A.a; the B.the; the C.a; a D.the; a
解析：题意：第一个印象是最关键的。毕竟，你再也没有另一次机会去产生再一个第一印象了。此题考查冠词的用法。“不定冠词a+序数词”表示“再、又”。
答案：C
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（2009·四川）In order to find better job, he decided to study second foreign language.
A.the；a B.a; a C.the; the D.a; the
答案：B 考查冠词。句意为：为了找一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。第一空用不定冠词表泛指，表示“一份更好的工作”，第二空用不定冠词与序数词second连用，表示“又一”。
5.I felt as if I had done something wrong!
我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！
as if在look, seem, feel, sound等系动词后可引导表语从句，也可引导方式状语从句。
1)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句用陈述语气。
①It looks as if it is going to rain.
天看起来好像要下雨了。
②It seems as if the boy has lost his way.
好像这个男孩迷路了。
2)当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，as if从句用虚拟语气。
如果从句表示与现在事实相反，as if从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时（be动词用were）;
如果从句表示与过去事实相反，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”；
如果从句表示与将来事实相反，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
①You look as if you didn’t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
②He talks about Romes as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
③He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
3）as if作从属连词引导的方式状语从句部分，常用省略形式。
①as if后接名词
He acts as if a fool.
他表现得像个傻子。
②as if 后接形容词
The old woman set upon the thief as if mad.
那个老妇人发疯似地扑向那个小偷。
③as if 后接副词
She talked to the stranger while walking, as if absent mindedly.
她边走边跟那位陌生人聊天，好像是心不在焉。
④as if后接介词短语
He opened the archives, as if in search of some military information.
他打开档案室，好像要搜寻什么重要军事情报。
⑤as if 后接现在分词
The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something lost on the sports ground.
这个男孩急躁地跑来跑去，好像在找丢在操场上的什么东西。
⑥as if后接过去分词
The football player is rolling on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg.
那个足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好像是腿部受了重伤。
⑦as if 后接不定式
He moved his lips as if to speak.
他蠕动双唇，好像是要说话。
高考直击
（2011·湖南）Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.
A.as if B.in case C.while D.thought
解析：本题考查状语从句的引导词。句意：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝他笑着，就好像他做了非常聪明的事情。as if“好像”；in case“以防万一”；while“当……时候，而，却”；though“尽管”。由句意可知A为正确选项。
答案：A
即学即用
（1）Though there was no one in the hall, he stood on the stage as if he watched and expected to deliver a speech.
A.has been B.had been C.were being D.is being
答案：C as if表示虚拟的情况，再根据句意和时态可知，此处应该用过去进行时。
（2）The lady stood in the sitting room as if a visit a friend.
A.expecting; from B.expected; from
C.expected; to D.expecting; at
答案：A 考查as if的用法。句意：这位女士站在客厅里，好像盼望着有朋友来访。as if后用现在分词，表示进行的动作，补充完整为：as if she was expecting a visit from a friend。如果说“拜访某人”应用pay a visit to sb.
6.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.
我决定了该是我成为一个因特网用户的时候了。
It is(high/about)time(that)...后的从句中常用动词的过去式，或should+动词原形(should不能省略)。此句型表示“现在该……”，用来表示提议。
①It is high time we started out.
正是我们出发的时候了。
②It’s about time we began/should begin our discussion.
大概到了我们开始讨论的时候了。
知识拓展
“是该做某事的时候了”几种表达方式：
It is time for sth.
It is time to do sth.
It is time(for sb.)to do sth.
It is time for doing sth.
It is time(that)sb. should do sth.
It is (high/about)time that...did...
即学即用
—Is it high time we to school?
—Oh, it’s seven o’clock. Let’s go.
A.will go B.shall go C.went D.would go
答案：C 考查虚拟语气用于一些固定句型。在It is(high)time(that)...句型中that后面的从句要用过去时或“should+动词原形”。
7....all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you’ve ever learnt.
……你所能做的一切就是转换你的大脑，并将你曾经学到的东西全部忘掉。
all you can do=what you can do, all作主语，you can do是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，换成what you can do时，则为主语从句。
当主语部分出现实义动词do的任何形式时，be动词之后要接不带to的不定式作表语；若主语部分是其他动词时，be动词之后接带to的不定式作表语。
①The only thing(that)you can do is obey the rules.
你唯一能做的就是遵守规则。
②The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a“dingo”.
篱笆的作用是为了阻挡一种叫dingo的野狗。
③Your task is to take good care of these books.
你的任务是保管好这些书。
知识拓展
在否定句中，but作“除了”解，后接动词不定式时的用法与上面类似。
have no choice but to do...
除……之外别无选择
do nothing but do... 除了……之外什么也没做
have nothing to do but(to)do...
①We had no choice but to wait.
我们除了等待之外别无选择。
②He did nothing but read yesterday.
昨天他除了读书什么也没做。
高考直击
（2011·四川）The police still haven’t found the lost child,but they’re doing all they .
A.can B.may C.must D.should
解析：本题考查情态动词。句意：警察还是没有找到那个走失的孩子，但是他们在尽最大努力。can表示能力，意为：能够。all they can同 all that they can do。
答案：A
即学即用
I will do all I could you.
A.that; help B./; to help
C.what; to help D.what; helping
答案：B 句意：我会尽我的所能来帮助你。all后面跟了that引导的定语从句，that省掉了。to help you作目的状语。
课堂巩固
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.—How did you like the lecture?
— speaking,I thought it was rather boring.
A.Honestly B.Really C.Very D.Honest
答案：A 本题主要考查动词v.-ing形式对修饰语的要求。v.-ing形式作状语时，要用副词修饰，根据句意，应选A项。
2.When he was there, he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A.would B.should C.had better D.might
答案：A 根据句意提示，这里表示过去经常发生的动作，因此填would。
3.She resigned (辞职)after being of leaking state secrets.
A.doubted B.suspected C.respected D.inspected
答案：B 本题考查动词辨析。句意为“自从她被怀疑泄露国家机密后，她就辞职了”。A项doubt“怀疑”，指不相信某事是否存在或是否发生，有否定的意味；而B项suspect则指料想某事已经存在或会发生，有肯定的意味；C项respect意为“尊重”；D项inspect意为“检查，视察”。根据句意选B项。
4.We saw several natives advancing towards our party,and one of them came up to us ,we gave some bells and glasses.
A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which
答案：B 本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。根据give sth.to sb.判断，此处应用to whom引导定语从句。
5.He often thinks the days that we spent together.
A.of B.about C.over D.out
答案：A think of“回想起”，当“考虑”讲时等于think about。
6.Science and engineering students often their heads in books instead of going to the cinema.
A.cover B.bury C.hide D.devote
答案：B 考查动词同义词辨析。cover“覆盖，采访”；hide“躲藏”；devote与to连用，意为“奉献……于……”；bury one’s head in...“埋头/忙于……”。
7. you helped me, I wouldn’t have made so much progress in my work.
A.Didn’t B.Wouldn’t C.Hadn’t D.Couldn’t
答案：C 本题的状语从句省略了if，这种情况下，可以将从句的助动词提前，采用倒装结构。由题干的后半部分，可以确定陈述的是与过去事实相反的假设，故应用助动词had。
8.It’s time you the problem at the meeting.
A.discuss B.are discussing
C.discussed D.had discussed
答案：C 本句在从句中的动词应用过去式，因为这是属于“It’s time+主语+动词过去式”句型，这种句型表示“该做……了”，是一种虚拟语气。句意为“该是你们在会上讨论这个问题的时候了。”
9.Greatly , the students made up their minds to work harder at English.
A.inspiring B.inspired
C.having inspired D.to inspire
答案：B 主句的主语与inspire之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
10.You should what you had said so that the students could understand it quickly.
A.simply B.simple C.simplify D.simplified
答案：C simply是副词，simple是形容词,simplify是动词，simplified为过去分词。根据题意，应选择动词原形。
11.He is after wealth and .
A.situation B.class C.status D.state
答案：C句意：他追求财富和地位。status“地位”。
12.You should read the in the car repair manual (手册) carefully before you start to work on it.
A.instruction B.instructions C.introductions D.explanations
答案：B 本题考查名词词义辨析。此句可译为：在开始工作之前，你应当仔细阅读一下修理手册中的用法说明。introduction表示“介绍；引入”;explanation表示“解释；阐明”，不合句意；而instruction表示“指导”，它的复数形式表示“用法说明书，操作指南”，符合题意。
13.We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks so small that a day is unimportant.
A.is B.are C.has heen D.have been
答案：A 句意为：……几天和几周的时间是如此的渺小，以至于一天根本微不足道。本句用来陈述事实，用一般现在时态；空白处所在句子的主语是the time,谓语应用单数形式。
14. the danger from another attack of earthquake, people had to overcome a shortage of food, drinking water, medicine, clothing, and almost everything.
A.As far as B.As well as C.As bad as D.As much as
答案：B 句子的含义为：除了地震再次袭击的危险外，人们还不得不克服食品、饮用水、药品、衣服，几乎一切东西短缺。as far as意为：就……而言，远至；as well as意为：与……一样好，除了（还），和；as bad as意为：与……一样不好；as much as意为：与……一样多。根据句子的意思知本题空格中应该使用as well as。
15.Not until his father was out of prison to school.
A.can John go B.John can go C.could John go D.John could go
答案：C not until引导状语从句位于句首时，主句要倒装。
16.TV series “Brave The Journey To The Northeast” (《闯关东》) proved a hit,
several generations’ memory.
A.recalling B.being recalled
C.having recalled D.to have been recalled
答案：A 考查非谓语动词。句意为：电视连续剧《闯关东》风行一时，（它）唤起了几代人的记忆。句中用v.-ing形式作伴随状语。
17.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class he had to meet his uncle in the airport.
A.why B.that C.where D.because
答案：B本题考查同位语从句。句意为：他没来上课，因为他必须到机场接他叔叔，没有人相信这个理由。his reason后接同位语从句，由for being absent from the class隔开。此题易误A。而题干中for being absent from the class已给出reason的结果，因而后面的从句是说明reason的内容，所以不选why，而选that。
18.Their business is plastic.
A.relate to B.in relation to C.related D.in the relation to
答案：B 本句的意思为：他们的生意与塑料有关。使用短语in relation to。
19.What worried them most is that water added to the trouble of getting across the desert.
A.lacks B.lacking C.lack of D.the lack of
答案：D 短语lack of中的lack是不可数名词，而这里特指缺水，因此在lack前应加the。
20.—Could you describe how everything happened?
—Well,not much, I realized what was happening,I was hit on the head.
A.when B.as C.since D.before
答案：D 考查连词用法。句意为：我还没反应过来发生了什么事，就被击中了头部。before表示“还没来得及……就……”。
Ⅱ.辨析填空
A.用main,major，chief与principal填空
(1)He is one of the poets today though few people like reading poetry.
(2)Take down the points of the speech that the professor made just now.
(3)Rice is the crop of India.
(4)The Nile is one of the rivers of the world;the others are important,too.
B.用doubt与suspect的适当形式填空
(5)I that he is telling the truth because his face is so pale.
(6)I whether he is telling the truth,because I can’t see any evidence on his face.
答案：(1)major　(2)main　(3)chief　(4)principal　(5)suspect　(6)doubt
课后强化作业
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.—What do you think about last night’s stay-up?
— ,I don’t think what I did is worthwhile.
A.Generally speaking B.Frankly speaking
C.To begin with D.To make things worse
答案：B答语句意：坦率地说，我认为我所做的不值得。Generally speaking“一般来说”；Frankly speaking“坦率地说”；To begin with“首先，第一”；To make things worse“更糟糕的是”。
2.I found an old pot in the ground.
A.buried B.being buried C.burying D.to be buried
答案：A句意：我找到一个埋在地下的旧罐子。因动词bury与所修饰的名词an old pot有被动关系，且该动作已完成，故用过去分词形式作定语。
3.No one knows who killed her, but the police her husband.
A.respond B.suspect C.claim D.deny
答案：B考查词语辨析。根据句意“没人知道谁杀了她，但警方怀疑是她的丈夫。”可知B项正确。suspect意为“怀疑”。
4.Most stores say that they daren’t prices for fear of losing their customers.
A.put; up B.set; up C.make; up D.turn; up
答案：A句意为：大多数商店说他们不敢提高物价，因为害怕失去客户。put up“抬高、提高（物价），张贴，建造”；set up“竖立起来，建立，成立”；make up“杜撰，编造；化妆；组成，构成”；turn up“找到，发现；出现，露面”。
5.When the post fell , Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it.
A.empty B.vacant C.blank D.bare
答案：B考查形容词辨析。句意：当职位空缺时，丹尼斯·巴斯被任命填补该空缺。vacant“空的，空缺的”；empty“空的；空闲（虚）的”；blank“空白的；茫然的”；bare“赤裸的；光秃的”。
6.Their factory is going to around 50 workers because of the drop in sales.
A.lay on B.lay off C.lay by D.lay out
答案：B句意为：由于销售额下降，他们工厂将解雇约50名工人。lay on“提供，安排”；lay off“临时解雇”；lay by“留存备用”；lay out“展开，铺开，将……击倒”。
7.General Patton his coolness and bravery in the Second World War.
A.was known as B.distinguished himself by
C.devoted himself to D.was engaged in
答案：B句意为：巴顿将军以在二战中头脑冷静、英勇善战而著称。distinguish oneself by“以……而著称”。
8. the ending, it’s a really good film.
A.Except B.Besides C.Rather than D.Apart from
答案：D句意为：除了结局外，这算是一部相当出色的影片。apart from在此处相当于except for,意为“除了……外（都），要不是”。
9.They call him“grandpa”,which makes him feel he were part of their family.
A.as if B.as like C.even if D.only if
答案：A句意为：他们管他叫“爷爷”，这使他感觉到好像他就是他们的家庭成员。从语境和句意判断：他其实并不是他们的家庭成员，仅仅表示虚拟。选项中只有as if后面的从句会用到虚拟语气。
10.“Isn’t it time you down to something useful?”aked his mother.
A.got; learning B.get; learn C.to get; learning D.got; learn
答案：A句意：他妈妈问：“你是否该开始学些有用的东西了？”It is time后跟的从句中的谓语动词使用一般过去时或should do,表示“到了该做某事的时候了；早应该做某事了”。get down to doing sth. “开始做某事”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I was a reporter of an evening paper in London. One day I was asked to write a few articles on　1　in London. It was 　2　 that all my adventure started. I made a 　3　 that the best way of collecting 　4　 was that I would go deep into the realities of life. I used to be an actor, of course, I had 　5　 all the skills of make-up and I could still make good use of them. Having finishing all necessary 　6　,I placed myself in one of the busiest streets. At home that night I was 　7　 to find that I had received more than a pound.
Well,you can imagine how 　8　 it was to settle down to work hard on the newspaper at two pounds a week, when I knew that I could 　9　 as much as that 　10　 a single day! I 　11　my job as a reporter,though my 　12　 was hurt. My knowledge of 　13　 helped me a lot and my clever answers quickly made me almost a public character. All day and every day,the money 　14　 into my cap and I usually received 　15　 two pounds in a day. In the end,I 　16　 take a large bright beautiful white 　17　 in the country,and later to 　18　. Nobody had any idea 　19　 my money really came from. My dear wife only knew that I had 　20　 in London：that was all.
1.A.playing B.shopping C.publishing D.begging
答案：D这是一篇关于乞讨方面的文章，作者深入伦敦街头，了解了乞丐的生活情况。
2.A.then B.there C.soon D.when
答案：A此处强调时间，选项C、D不合句意。
3.A.promise B.conclusion C.decision D.preparation
答案：C短语make a decision意为“做出决定”。
4.A.facts B.news C.money D.problems
答案：A作者认为收集有关乞丐具体事实的最好办法就是深入到乞丐的现实生活中去。
5.A.played B.acted C.learned D.tried
答案：C作者过去曾做过演员，所以，他学过化妆的技巧。
6.A.equipment B.conditions C.experiments D.preparations
答案：D作者强调在他完成了充当一个乞丐所需要的一切必要准备以后，他来到了伦敦一条最繁华的街头。
7.A.excited B.pleased C.surprised D.disappointed
答案：C在结束一天的乞讨回家以后，作者发现他一天的乞讨所得竟然超过了一英镑，他对此感到十分惊讶(强调这是一意想不到的结果)。
8.A.interesting B.successful C.easy D.hard
答案：D hard“艰难的”。你可以想象有多么难。
9.A.make B.spend C.save D.care
答案：A make“赚得，挣得”的意思。
10.A.on B.in C.at D.for
答案：B根据作者语气可知，一个乞丐仅在一天内就能得到那么多的钱，而他在报社辛苦地工作一周仅能挣得两英镑，那是多么艰难啊!此句中much意指上句的“钱”，“挣钱”常用动词make或earn；强调“在一天的时间之内”应用介词in表达，如果强调“在某个日子”常用介词on,如on rainy day“在一个下雨天”。
11.A.gave in B.gave off C.gave up D.gave out
答案：C give up意为“放弃”;give in 意为“屈服”；give off意为“发出（蒸气、光等）”；give out意为“分发，用完”。
12.A.heart B.future C.feeling D.pride
答案：D作者“放弃”记者工作，尽管他的“自尊心、自豪感”受到打击。
13.A.make up B.play C.act D.work
答案：A根据上下文可知，此处强调作者做演员时所学过的化妆技术方面的知识给他充当一个乞丐的帮助很多。
14.A.ran B.came C.threw D.poured
答案：D动词pour在此意为“倾注，倾泻”，此处比喻“乞丐所得的钱像大雨一样哗哗地倾盆而下”。
15.A.nearly B.totally C.at least D.at most
答案：C根据本文第二段首句句意及作者语气可知，作者一天乞讨所得“至少”两英镑。
16.A.was able to B.could C.had to D.must
答案：Abe able to“能够”。
17.A.land B.house C.garden D.car
答案：B目的是买房，根据生活常识可知。
18.A.move in B.sell out C.marry D.engage
答案：C此句意为：通过作者一段时间的乞讨，最终他凭乞讨所得竟然能在乡村买一座漂亮的大房子，并且还结了婚。
19.A.where B.when C.how D.what
答案：A根据句子谓语动词came from可知，此空只可以用表示地点的疑问副词where连接，副词how不可用于介词from之后。
20.A.office B.job C.bank D.business
答案：D选项A、B、C三项名词都为可数名词，应用冠词a,故只有选项D(business)符合句子结构及句意。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals,still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850 000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1 000 children in hospital.
Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part?time teacher.The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey,one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher,they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work;without a teacher they would only play games.
Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied,and the latter is of ten all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as“the library lady”or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extrateaching,and are told to catch up as best as they can.
Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.
1.The author points out at the beginning that .
A.every child in hospital receives some teaching
B.not enough is known about hospital teaching
C.hospital teaching is of poor quality
D.the special children’s hospitals are worst off
答案：B第一段中，作者告诉我们说“没有人知道有多少孩子在医院里能接受到教育，更少有人知道教育的内容和教学质量”，这与选项B“not enough is known about hospital teaching”意思一致。
2.It can be inferred from the latest survey that .
A.hospital teaching across the country is similar
B.each hospital has at least one part?time teacher
C.all hospitals surveyed offer education to children
D.only one fourth of the hospitals have full time teachers.
答案：D短文第二段第二、三句说“It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher.A further quarter have only a part time teacher.”由此可知，一半的医院没有老师，四分之一的医院有兼职老师，那么剩余的四分之一的医院就有全职老师了。
3.Children in hospital usually turn to in order to catch up with their school work.
A.hospital teachers B.schoolmates
C.parents D.school teachers
答案：B由第三段第三句“Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work.”可知，他们求助的是同学们。
4.We can conclude from the passage that the author is .
A.unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitals
B.in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitals
C.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching
D.satisfied with the results of the latest survey
答案：C作者一开头就用surprisingly一词，清楚表达了对医院教育现状的态度。然后通过具体的调查结果，表明了对医院里儿童教学现状的不满。
SectionⅡ Different Schools
1.drill
1)n. 练习，训练
①There will be a fire drill next Monday.
下周一将有一场消防演习。
②Students of English should have a lot of oral drills.
学英语的学生应多做口头练习。
2)v. 操练，训练
The teacher drilled the class in English pronunciation.
教师训练全班学生的英语发音。
词语辨析
drill, exercise, practise与train
1)drill“训练”，指为身心锻炼或为养成良好习惯而进行一套有规则的严格训练，尤指学校课堂内的练习。
2)practise“练习”，指为了完善或达到熟练，而有规则地反复做某事。
3)train“培养，训练”，着重指为了某一特定目标进行专门性的，有一定期限的培养或训练。
4)exercise“锻炼，训练”，主要用于指为有强壮体魄而进行的体育活动，其引申意义同practise,指为保持某些已获得的技能而进行的练习。
①He was exercising his son in singing.
他在训练儿子唱歌。
②Students are being drilled in English conversation.
学生们正在练习英语会话。
③He practised pronunciation every day.
他每天都练习发音。
④They train technical cadres in short course.
他们办短期班培训技术骨干。
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设计这个游戏是用来教孩子们反复练习字母的。
The game is designed in the letters of the alphabet.
答案：to drill children
2.assignment n. 作业；任务，工作；分配，指派
①His first assignment as a reporter was to cover the local election.
他作记者的首次任务是去报道当地的选举。
②The English assignment is a book report.
英语课外作业是写一份读书报告。
③He is responsible for the assignment of jobs.
他负责分派工作。
知识拓展
assign vt. 分配，分派；派定，指定，选派
①Each overseas teacher was assigned a flat.
每位外籍教师都分配到一套住房。
②Jack was assigned to the assembly shop of the factory.
杰克被分配到厂里的装配间。
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一半的工人被分配了不同的任务。
Half the workers were given .
答案：different assignment
3.alternative
1)adj. 可选择的；替换的
①I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.
我提议这次假期不是到山上就是到海边去。
②If this plan is not accepted, we have an alternative one.
如果这个计划不被接受，我们还有另一个。
③Have you got an alternative suggestion?
你有没有其他的建议？
2)n. 选择；供选择的东西（或办法等）
①They had no alternative in the matter.
在这件事上，他们没有选择的余地。
②What alternatives are there?
还有什么可选择的？
知识拓展
have no alternative/choice but to do...
别无选择只能做……
an alternative to... ……的替换物，取代……
alternatively adv. 二者择一地
alternate adj. 交替的；间隔的 v. (使)轮流
①We had no alternative but to fire her.
我们别无他法，只有辞退她。
②Disappointed voters want an alternative to the two main parties.
失望的选民需要一个党派以取代这两个大党。
词语辨析
choice, alternative, preference, selection
这些名词均含有“选择”之意。
1)choice侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。
2）alternative指在相互排斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上之中进行选择。
3）preference侧重因偏见、爱好或判断等而进行选择。
4）selection指作广泛的选择，着重选择者的识别力或鉴赏力。
①We each had to make a choice.
我们每个人都必须做出选择。
②We dress simply by preference.
我们仅凭个人偏爱选择穿着。
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They could go by bus or could take the train.
A.firmly B.narrowly C.alternatively D.sharply
答案：C句意：他们可乘公共汽车或坐火车去。alternatively表示“二者择一地”，其他选项意义不对。
4.punishment n. 处罚，惩罚；刑罚
①My punishment for littering was several hours of picking up trash.
我因乱扔杂物而受到的处罚是捡几小时垃圾。
②The boy accepted his punishment without complaining.
这个男孩接受了处罚，毫无怨言。
知识拓展
punish vt. 罚；惩罚，处罚
①Motorists should be severely punished for speeding.
超速驾车的人应受到严厉的惩罚。
②The teacher punished her students for cheating in the exam.
老师处罚学生考试作弊。
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他很幸运的逃过惩罚。
He was lucky to .
答案：escape punishment
5.reputation n. 名誉，名声
①He has a good reputation as a doctor.
身为医生，他有很好的声誉。
②If the fact is published, it will ruin your reputation.
一旦公布了事实真相，就会有损于你的名声。
③He is eager to win a reputation.
他渴望赢得名声。
知识拓展
a good/bad reputation 名誉好/坏
have a reputation for...以……而闻名
live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名
注意：reputation 通常为不可数名词，但有时可与不定冠词连用。
词语辨析
reputation, fame
1）reputation可指好名声，亦可指坏名声，强调在人们心中的印象。
2）fame仅指好名声，强调较高的知名度。
高考直击
（2010·江苏）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a very good .
A.expectation B.reputation C.contribution D.civilization
解析：句意：这位医生在治疗心脏病方面技术高超而且从不接受病人的礼物，因此他有很好的声誉。本题考查名词辨析。A项表示“期待；预料”；B项表示“名声，声望”；C项表示“贡献”；D项表示“文明”。根据句意选B。
答案：B
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China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A.reputation B.influence C.impression D.knowledge
答案：A考查了名词的辨析。句意为“中国因为在与流感斗争中的仔细和顺利的组织而获得好评”。reputation意为“名誉，名望”；impression意为“印象，感想”；influence意为“影响”。
6.slight adj. 少量的，微小的
①I have a slight headache.
我有点微头疼。
②A slight prick, and the injection was over.
轻轻的一扎，针就打完了。
③It doesn’t make the slightest difference whether we discuss it today or tomorrow.
我们今天讨论还是明天讨论没有什么不同。
知识拓展
1)not the slightest chance/doubt/difference(=no chance/doubt/difference)没有一点机会/怀疑/不同
I didn’t have the slightest idea who that man was.
我根本不知道那个人是谁。
2）slightly adv. 稍微，有点
She moved the picture ever so slightly to the right.
她把画稍稍向右移动了一下。
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官员们公告通货膨胀略有上升。
Officials reported a in inflation.
答案：slight increase
7.loose adj.(指言行等)不严谨的，放荡的；松动的；不牢的
①His wife is a loose woman.
他的妻子是个放荡的女子。
②This is a loose translation.
此译文措词不严谨。
③A piece of stair carpet had come loose.
楼梯上的一块地毯松动了。
④Somehow the horse had broken loose during the night.
不知怎的那匹马在夜间脱缰了。
知识拓展
loose conduct 行为不检点，品行不端
come/work loose 变得松动
break/get loose(=get free)摆脱束缚；获得自由
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用loose的适当形式填空
(1)My belt is too tight; I must (loose) it.
(2)This knot here has got (loose).
答案：（1）loosen本题考查了loosen的用法。此句可译为：我的腰带太紧，我必须松开它。loose是形容词，而本句中缺谓语，需用动词形式，故填loosen。
（2）loose本题考查了loose的用法。此句可译为：这儿的绳结变松了。get是系动词，后面需用形容词作表语，故填loose（adj.）
8.obey vt. 服从，听从
①Soldiers are expected to obey orders.
军人必须服从命令。
②You’ll have to obey the rules if you want to live here.
要想在这里住，你就得守规矩。
③I expect my students to obey me.
我要求我的学生听我的话。
知识拓展
obey an order/command 服从命令
obey the law/ rules遵守法规/规矩
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应当教育儿童遵守法律。
Children should be taught to .
答案：obey the law
9.mild adj. 温和的;轻微的，温暖的
①Nick spoke in a mild voice.
尼克语调温和地说。
②We had a mild winter last year.
我们去年过了个暖冬。
③They were both suffering from a mild cold.
他们两个都得了轻微的感冒。
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他是你可能希望见到的最温和的人。
He’s you could wish to meet.
答案：the mildest person
10.pace
1)n. 速度，步速；步伐，节奏
①Mr Smith walked at a quick pace, so I couldn’t keep pace with him.
史密斯先生走得很快，所以我跟不上他。
②He liked to work at his own pace.
他喜欢按照自己的节奏工作。
2）v. 踱步子；调整节奏
He paced his game skillfully.
他巧妙地控制着自己的比赛节奏。
知识拓展
keep pace with 齐头并进，跟上
at one’s own pace 以适合自己的速度
set the pace 确定速度；确立标准；领跑
go through/show one’s paces 展示自己的能力
force the pace 使加快速度；使加速发展
①I found it hard to keep pace with him.
我发现很难跟上他。
②The company is no longer setting the pace in the home computer market.
这家公司再也不能在国内计算机市场上独领风骚了。
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为这项计划提供的资金很可能赶不上需求。
Funding for the program is unlikely to need.
答案：keep pace with
11.reflect vt. 反映；反射 vi. 思考
①Her face was reflected in the mirror.
她的面容映现在镜子中。
②The water reflected the sunlight.
日光反射在水面上。
③She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she had bought the farm.
她坐着，在思考自从她买下这个农场以来发生了多少变化。
知识拓展
reflect sb./sth. in sth. （指镜子等）映出某人/物的影像
reflect sth. from sth. 从某事（表面）反射（光、热、声等）
reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事
reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像
①Qian Xuesen’s strong love for his country is reflected in his devotion to physics.
钱学森对祖国的强烈热爱之情在他对物理的贡献中反映出来。
②Our newspaper aims to reflect the view of the local community.
我们的报纸旨在表达当地人民的心声。
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（2010·湖北）Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.
A.resembles B.strengthens C.reflects D.shapes
答案:C句意：正如一个人的穿着一样，他所吃的食物、共度时光的朋友和他的住房都会反映他的性格。resemble“与……相像”；strengthen“加强”；reflect“反映，显示”；shape“形成，塑造”。C项符合语境。
重点短语
1.be related to 与……有关
①Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.
这一地区的许多犯罪都与滥用毒品有关。
②Everything related to his happiness concerns you.
与他的幸福有关的任何事都与你有关。
知识拓展
related adj. 有关联的
relative adj. 有关的，相对的，比较的;n. 亲戚
relation n. 亲属；关系，关联
in relation to 有关，关于，涉及；与……相比
①Where to go and what to do are two related questions.
去哪里和干什么是两个相互联系的问题。
②All human values are relative, so beauty is relative to the beholder’s eyes.
人的价值观是相对的，因此美丽在不同人的眼中也是相对的。
③The animal with the biggest head in relation to its body is the ant.
与其身体相比，头最大的动物是蚂蚁。
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汤姆写文章论述文化与艺术有何联系。
Tom writes about how culture art.
答案：is related to
2.be proud of 为……感到自豪（骄傲）
①Your dad and I are so proud of you.
你爸爸和我都为你感到骄傲。
②We are proud of our motherland.
我们为我们的祖国感到自豪。
知识拓展
be proud to be 以成为……自豪
be proud that 骄傲的是……
take pride in 以……为骄傲
pride oneself on 以……为骄傲
①The artist takes pride in his works.
那位画家以他的作品为自豪。
②Jean prided herself on being fair and honest with all of her pupils.
简为自己能够公平坦诚地对待所有的学生而感到自豪。
③I feel very proud to be a part of the team.
我为成为队中的一员而感到荣幸。
④She was proud that her daughter had so much talent.
女儿这么有天赋令她喜不自胜。
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我以自己是中国人而感到骄傲。
I’m a Chinese.
答案：proud to be
3.contribute to 为……作贡献；有助于……；向……投稿
①Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways.
移民在许多方面都对英国文化有所贡献。
②A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.
适当的运动有助于健康。
③His carelessness contributed to the accident.
他的粗心导致了事故的发生。
知识拓展
其他带介词to的词组：
look forward to 期待，期盼
lead to 导致，通向
be/get used to 习惯于
owing to 由于，由于……的缘故
thanks to 由于，多亏了
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Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A.contribute to B.relate to C.attend to D.devote to
答案：A句意：假期要注意！喝酒太多会导致心脏病，造成高血压。contribute to“导致，造成”；relate to “涉及，与……相关”；attend to“照顾，处理”；devote to “把……用于，致力于”。
4.to a certain extent 在某种程度上
①I agree with you to a certain extent.
某种程度上，我同意你的观点。
②To a certain extent, we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
我们都在一定程度上对这悲惨的局面负有责任。
知识拓展
to a great extent 很大程度上
to some extent 某种程度上
to the extent that...达到……的程度
extent n. 广度，宽度，长度；范围，程度，区域
in extent 就面积而言
①To what extent can he be believed?
可以相信他到什么程度？
②I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge.
我对他知识的渊博感到惊奇。
③The new race track is nearly six miles in extent.
这条新跑道将近六英里长。
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(1)同义句转换
A:To a certain extent she is my leader.
B: she is my leader.
答案：To some extentto a certain extent=to some extent，是固定短语，表示“在某种程度上”之意，句意为：从某种程度上来说，她是我的领导。
(2)完成句子
These changes will affect all managers and (在较轻程度上)some workers in the company.
答案：to a lesser extentto a lesser extent是固定短语，表示“在较轻程度上”，句意为：这些变化将会影响到经理们，也会在较轻程度上影响到公司里的一些工人。
5.put off 推迟，延期
①We’ve had to put our wedding off until September.
我们得把婚礼推迟到九月。
②She keeps putting off going to see the dentist.
她老是拖延着不去看牙医。
知识拓展
put aside 节省，储蓄；忽视，置之不理；把……放在一边
put away 储存（钱）；将……收起来，将……放回原处
put back 拨回，向后拨；推迟，延期；放回原处
put down写下；放下
put in 打断，插话
put forward 提出
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They decided to voting on the proposal until next month.
A.put in B.put on C.put through D.put off
答案：D句意：他们决定把对提议的表决推迟到下个月。put off“推迟”。
6.take up
1)开始（学习或从事等）
He dropped medicine and took up physics.
他放弃学医，开始学习物理。
2)继续
①We took up our journey the next day.
第二天我们继续赶路。
②This chapter takes up where the last one left off.
本章继续上一章谈到的内容。
3）占去（时间或空间）
The work took up all of Sunday.
这项工作占去了整个星期天。
4）接纳（乘客等），接受（挑战，建议，条件等）
The bus stopped to take up passengers.
公共汽车停下来让乘客们上车。
知识拓展
take away 减去；拿走
take back 收回；使记起
take in 吸收，接纳；领会
take down 拆除；写下
take off 脱下；起飞；匆匆离开
take on 呈现；开始雇用；承担；从事
take out 带 ……出去；除掉；毁掉
take over 接收，接管；承袭
①I take back nothing of what I said.
我不会收回我说的任何话的。
②They are taking down the old building.
他们正在拆毁旧建筑物。
③He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他一向乐于挑重担。
高考直击
(2009·安徽)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all .
A.given away B.kept away C.taken up D.used up
解析：考查了动词短语的辨析。句意为“我尽力想找一张供七个人用的桌子，但